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A C T A M E D I C A M A R T I N I A N A 2 0 0 5 5/2 35<br />

patients < 60 μg.l -1 ( = 2.224 μmol.l -1 ) and <strong>po</strong>ints out the value > 200 μg.l -1 ( = 7.413 μmol.l -1 )<br />

where an urgent action is required, because high risk of toxicity exists in all cases (15).<br />

Aluminium balance in haemodialysis depends mainly on the gradient of diffusible aluminium,<br />

on the type of dialysis membranes, on their surface and thickness and also on many other<br />

factors, such as the pH of the dialysate. Among all these factors, undoubtedly the most im<strong>po</strong>rtant<br />

is the concentration of aluminium in dialysis fluids (18). Maximum allowed concentration<br />

for dialysis fluid is 30 μg.l -1 ( = 1.112 μmol.l -1 ) - CEC recommendation (15).<br />

The increased of values Al in serum of DP (groups DP MT - 02 vs DP MT - 04) after two years<br />

of haemodialysis is the evidence that the regular annual monitoring of the serum concentration<br />

of Al of dialysed patients remains necessary.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

1. [ cit. 29. 11. 2004]<br />

2. Nariadenie vlády SR č. 45/2002 Z. z. o ochrane zdravia pri práci s chemickými faktormi.<br />

3. Yokel RA, McNamara PJ. Aluminium toxokinetics: an updated minireview. Pharmacol Toxicol 2001; 4: 159 - 167.<br />

4. Zbierka zákonov č. 151/2004 Vyhláška MZ SR z 26. januára 2004 o <strong>po</strong>žiadavkách na pitnú vodu a kontrolu kvality<br />

pitnej vody.<br />

5. Bougle D, Bureau F, Voirin J et al. Aluminium levels in term and premature infants on enteral nutrition. Trace Elem<br />

Med 1991; 8: 172 - 174.<br />

6. Fernandéz-Martin JL, Canteros A, Serrano M, González-Carcedo A et al. Prevention of aluminium ex<strong>po</strong>sure through<br />

dialysis fluids. Analysis of changes in the last 8 years. Nefrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13: 82 - 87.<br />

7. Alfrey AC. Aluminium metabolism and toxicity in uremia. J of the University of Occupational and Environmental<br />

Health 1987; 9: 123 - 132.<br />

8. Rossoff IS. Aluminium. p. 54 – 57, In: Rossoff IS. Encyclopedia of Clincal Toxicology. A CRC Press company New<br />

York; 2002: p. 1234; ISBN 1-84214-101-5.<br />

9. Diaz Lopez JB, Jorgetti V et al. Epidemiology of renal osteodystrophy in Iberoamerica. Nefrol Dial Transplant 1998;<br />

13: 41 - 45.<br />

10. Mitchell J, Manning GB, Molyneux M et al. Pulmonary fibrosis in workers ex<strong>po</strong>sed to finely <strong>po</strong>wdered aluminum. Br<br />

J Ind Med 1961; 18: 10-20.<br />

11. Buchancová J. Ostatné pneumokoniózy. p. 594 - 598, in: Buchancová J, Klimentová G, Šulcová M, Fabiánová E et<br />

al. Pracovné lekárstvo a toxikológia. Osveta Martin; 2003: p. 1133; ISBN 80 - 8063 - 113 - 2.<br />

12. Hosovski E, Vidakovic A, Hosovski M. Dermal and bronchial res<strong>po</strong>nsiveness of aluminum smelter workers. J Occup<br />

Health 1998; 40: 44 - 49.<br />

13. Bast-Pettersen R, Skaug V, Ellingsen D, Thomassen Y. Neurobehavioral performance in aluminum welders. Am J Ind<br />

Med 2000; 37: 184 -192.<br />

14. Yokel RA. Brain uptake, retention, and efflux of aluminum and manganese. Environ Health Perspect 2002; 110: 699<br />

- 704.<br />

15. [ cit. 10. 02. 2005]<br />

16. Duriš I, Hulín I, Bernadič M. Princípy internej medicíny. SAP Bratislava; 2001: p. 2951.<br />

17. Sulkova S. Aluminiová osteopatie - zkušenosti s léčbou. Vnitřní Lék 1993; 39: 459-463.<br />

18. Cannata-Andia JB, Fernandéz-Martin JL. The clinical impact of aluminium overload in renal failure. Nefrol Dial<br />

Transplant 2002; 17: 9 - 12.<br />

Received: February, 11, 2005<br />

Accepted: May, 5, 2005

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