Autonomous Vehicles - KPIT

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In order to facilitate a rugged autonomous vehicle based road transport system, all these infrastructure systems need to be upgraded, made sophisticated and enabled to work in real time. This is a challenge in itself. D. Information Security The future cars are bound to have lot more electronics, functionalities and features bundled into them. Communication within subsystems of a car and between cars over a multitude of channels is, therefore, necessary. Safety and security with respect to information exchange is, therefore, of utmost importance. In addition, given the increase in the number of cyber-attacks, phishing etc., the area of information security is gaining increasing importance. Moreover, with the autonomous car, this directly manifests into vehicle and pedestrian safety on the road. Given the fact that the computer in an autonomous car takes inputs from multiple sensors onboard and from other data on the internet for path planning, maneuvers etc., sanctity of this data is sacrosanct. The need is two-fold. One is to ensure that there are reliable and stricter protocols for data transfer, storage etc. which need to be developed. The other is to ensure that there are smart algorithms which can detect instances of any tampering with the data or control command and take timely action in order to avoid any untoward incident. In addition, the modules in the car should be adaptive enough to update themselves with upgraded version of software etc. automatically when plugged on to the internet. E. Legislation and Regulations As of today, there is no clarity on the responsible entity for a failure in automation process. The driver holds responsibility for any mishap that happens because of his/her inattentiveness. The OEM or Tier-I is responsible for any failure with respect to a vehicle's sub-system or any other specific component. However, it is unclear about who holds responsibility in the 'automation'. In order to get rid of this problem, lot of emphasis is already being given to multiple aspects viz., failsafe mechanisms (by virtue of redundancy); vehicle health checks (both diagnostics and prognostics); smarter HMI interfaces (to intuitively warn in case of failure of system(s)) etc. In order to ensure that the system is drivable, the four basic aspects viz. reliability, security, accuracy and credibility should be carefully studied. There are lots of standards related to automotive grade software development. Two important standards worth mentioning are ISO26262 and MISRA. The NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) has defined different levels of automation for cars ranging from 0 to 4. For instance, the cars that Google is testing are at 56 TechTalk@KPIT, Volume 6, Issue 4, 2013 level 3, since a driver still needs to be present to take control if necessary. “Level 3 is truly in the testing phase and these guidelines are ensuring that the testing is done so it's safe for the driver and safe for everyone else on the road,” as quoted by David Friedman, deputy administrator at the NHTSA. In the same lines, one can argue that level 2 cars are already on the road now commercially. For instance, a high end car featuring two or more ADAS systems such as Adaptive Cruise control and lane keeping by itself can be considered at level 2. Specifically in the US, as of end of 2012, three states have enacted laws pertaining to autonomous vehicles. These states are Nevada, Florida and California. Nevada was the first jurisdiction in the world to legally operate autonomous vehicles on public roads. In 2013, the government of UK permitted testing of autonomous cars on public roads. It is just a matter of time before more and more governments would accept testing and thereby plying of autonomous cars on their public roads. III. Conclusion As population increases, it is obvious that the numbers of cars hitting the road will also grow. With limitations on infrastructure and proper transportation, this poses a potential challenge. The mobility that people enjoy today is taken for granted by many and they barely realize that transportation forms the basis of our civilization. There is undoubtedly a dire need for safer, efficient and more balanced mode of transport. Autonomous vehicles and the associated ecosystem in its entirety provide an unparalleled solution to the problem of transportation in the future. In addition to safety, the socio-economic impact of autonomous vehicles which has got to do with fuel economy, time savings, vehicle maintenance etc. is also a very strong factor that boosts the prospects of autonomous vehicles being widely accepted. As more and more vehicles become autonomous, its effect on our day to day life will start being evident. With the amount of research and development happening in this field, the day is not far. It was aptly phrased – “The revolution, when it comes, will be engendered by the advent of autonomous or “self-driving” vehicles. And the timing may be sooner than you think…” References 1. M. Campbell, M. Egerstedt, J. P. How, and R. M. Murray, “Autonomous driving in urban environments: approaches, lessons and challenges”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series A, 368:4649–4672, 2010. 2. Swaran Kumar, ShyamnathGollakota, and Dina Katabi, “A Cloud-Assisted Design for Autonomous Driving”, MCC12, August 17, 2012. 3. Margriet et al, “Definition of necessary vehicle and infrastructure systems for Automated Driving”, Study Report to the European Commission, BRUSSELS, Belgium, July 29, 2011. 4. http://www.techpageone.com/technology/u-s-to-regulate-autonomous-cars/ 5. “Self-Driving Cars: The next Revolution”, KMPG report, 2012. 6. Matthew Moore, Beverly Lu, “Autonomous Vehicles for Personal Transport: A Technology Assessment”, article for “Management of Technology”, submitted to Caltech University, 2011.
About KPIT Technologies Limited KPIT partners with global automotive and semiconductor corporations in bringing products faster to their target markets. We help customers globalize their process and systems efficiently through a unique blend of domain-intensive technology and process expertise. As leaders in our space, we are singularly focused on co-creating technology products and solutions to help our customers become efficient, integrated, and innovative manufacturing enterprises. We have filed for 50 patents in the areas of Automotive Technology, Hybrid Vehicles, High Performance Computing, Driver Safety Systems, Battery Management System, and Semiconductors. About CREST Center for Research in Engineering Sciences and Technology (CREST) is focused on innovation, technology, research and development in emerging technologies. Our vision is to build KPIT as the global leader in selected technologies of interest, to enable free exchange of ideas, and to create an atmosphere of innovation throughout the company. CREST is recognized and approved R & D Center by the Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, India. This journal is an endeavor to bring you the latest in scientific research and technology. Invitation to Write Articles Our forthcoming issue to be released in April 2014 will be based on “Powertrain”. We invite you to share your knowledge by contributing to this journal. Format of the Articles Your original articles should be based on the central theme of “Powertrain”. The length of the articles should be between 1200 to 1500 words. Appropriate references should be included at the end of the articles. All the pictures should be from public domain and of high resolution. Please include a brief write-up and a photograph of yourself along with the article. The last date for submission of articles for the next issue is November 30, 2013. To send in your contributions, please write to crest@kpit.com . To know more about us, log on to www.kpit.com . Innovation for customers
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TechTalk@KPIT a quarterly journal o
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Contents Editorial Guest Editorial
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Dr. Vinay G. Vaidya CTO KPIT Techno
Page 7 and 8: Journey Without Driver About the Au
Page 9 and 10: A. Stanford Cart - The First Smart
Page 11 and 12: autonomous vehicles in 2004. The Gr
Page 13 and 14: obtained by laser range finder. The
Page 15 and 16: To Be or Not To Be... A Driver Abou
Page 17 and 18: When the autonomous vehicle complet
Page 19 and 20: ultrasonic sensors, etc. provide vi
Page 21 and 22: Scientist Profile Sebastian Thrun S
Page 23 and 24: Seeing Through Sensors About the Au
Page 25 and 26: Figure 1: A robotic Volkswagen Pass
Page 27 and 28: Figure 4: Infrared image of a stree
Page 29 and 30: Bringing Vision to Life About the A
Page 31 and 32: Radar needs an attention, there exi
Page 33 and 34: Sr. No. Table 1: List of patents fi
Page 35 and 36: Drive-By-Wire : A KPIT Case Study A
Page 37 and 38: the operational accuracy, it is har
Page 39 and 40: DRIVERS BRAKE HYDRAULIC MOTOR Manua
Page 41 and 42: Wired Through Wireless About the Au
Page 43 and 44: FORWARD OBSTACLE DETECTION AND AVOI
Page 45 and 46: Microcontroller Abstraction Layer (
Page 47 and 48: Autonomous Intelligent Vehicles Aut
Page 49 and 50: Inside Connected Vehicle About the
Page 51 and 52: D. Communications security (COMSEC)
Page 53 and 54: security built-in from the very beg
Page 55 and 56: Gazing Through a Crystal Ball About
Page 57: Thus, from a passenger acceptance a
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