Spatial planning and development in Germany and Hesse ...
Spatial planning and development in Germany and Hesse ...
Spatial planning and development in Germany and Hesse ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
<strong>Spatial</strong> <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>development</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Hesse</strong><br />
general framework, concept <strong>and</strong><br />
their implementation on state <strong>and</strong> regional level<br />
Dr. Natalie Scheck
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Contents<br />
<strong>in</strong>troduction<br />
<strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> system <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>struments<br />
state spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> / regional <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
demonstration projects of spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
2
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Introduction<br />
<strong>Hesse</strong><br />
Territory : 21.115 km²<br />
Population: 6.016.000<br />
3 Regional government<br />
districts<br />
Northhesse<br />
Middlehesse<br />
Southhesse<br />
3
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Introduction<br />
agriculture<br />
trade <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustry<br />
watermanagement<br />
recreation<br />
…<br />
transport<br />
protection of nature<br />
need space/area<br />
well-balanced<br />
<strong>development</strong><br />
raw materials<br />
renewable energy<br />
settlement <strong>development</strong><br />
4
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Introduction<br />
In prepar<strong>in</strong>g decisions <strong>in</strong> all fields of spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong>,<br />
different <strong>in</strong>terests need to be weighed.<br />
Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple of spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong>:<br />
<strong>development</strong> of well-balanced structure of open space<br />
<strong>and</strong> settlement/l<strong>and</strong> use<br />
protection of open space<br />
re-use of vacant l<strong>and</strong> prior to the use of open space<br />
areas-wide supply with essential technical<br />
<strong>in</strong>frastructure<br />
concentration of social <strong>in</strong>frastructure (e.g. hospitals) <strong>in</strong><br />
central places<br />
5
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Plann<strong>in</strong>g system <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>struments (I)<br />
overall spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
(= weigh<strong>in</strong>g up all spatially relevant sectoral <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong>)<br />
sectoral <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
(spatially relevant)<br />
(public) participation<br />
federal spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
Federal <strong>Spatial</strong> Plann<strong>in</strong>g Act<br />
Conference of M<strong>in</strong>isters for <strong>Spatial</strong> Plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
state spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
State <strong>development</strong> plan / -programm<br />
regional <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
Regional Plan<br />
urban l<strong>and</strong>-use <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
(Preparatory & B<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g l<strong>and</strong>-use plan)<br />
e.g.:<br />
transport <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
protection of nature /<br />
nature conservation<br />
settlement <strong>development</strong><br />
trade <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustry<br />
recreation<br />
raw materials<br />
agriculture / forestry<br />
water management<br />
participation<br />
b<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g on downstream plans<br />
mutual feedback pr<strong>in</strong>ciple<br />
sectoral <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> needs to be <strong>in</strong>tegrated<br />
<strong>in</strong>to spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> / coord<strong>in</strong>ated with<br />
6<br />
other sectoral <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong>
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Plann<strong>in</strong>g system <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>struments (II)<br />
overall spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
(= weigh<strong>in</strong>g up all spatially relevant sectoral <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong>)<br />
federal spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
Federal <strong>Spatial</strong> Plann<strong>in</strong>g Act<br />
Conference of M<strong>in</strong>isters for <strong>Spatial</strong> Plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
(public) participation<br />
state spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
State <strong>development</strong> plan / -programm<br />
regional <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
Regional Plan<br />
urban l<strong>and</strong>-use <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
(Preparatory & B<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g l<strong>and</strong>-use plan)<br />
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics,Transport,<br />
Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
regional <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> authorities<br />
local <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> authorities<br />
(<strong>in</strong>termunicipal co-operation -><br />
Regional Authority FrankfurtRhe<strong>in</strong>Ma<strong>in</strong>)<br />
7
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Plann<strong>in</strong>g system <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>struments (III)<br />
In sett<strong>in</strong>g out the goals of spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, programmes <strong>and</strong> plans (<strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>struments) different <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> elements are available.<br />
axes<br />
central place system<br />
guidel<strong>in</strong>e values<br />
axes are constituted by a concentration of transport <strong>and</strong><br />
supply routes (l<strong>in</strong>ear <strong>in</strong>frastructure) <strong>and</strong> a relatively close<br />
succession of <strong>development</strong> centers <strong>and</strong> central places<br />
a central place performs service <strong>and</strong> <strong>development</strong><br />
functions for the population of its catchment area)<br />
e.g. for the desired <strong>development</strong> of human settlements<br />
spatial category / area typ<br />
8
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Plann<strong>in</strong>g system <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>struments (IV)<br />
priority area<br />
Areas <strong>in</strong> which priority is given to<br />
specific functions or uses which are of<br />
special significance for overall spatial<br />
structure.<br />
Any other uses with spatial impacts<br />
which are not compatible with the<br />
designated priority functions, uses or<br />
goals are excluded.<br />
reserve area<br />
Areas where special importance is<br />
attached to certa<strong>in</strong> functions or uses<br />
of importance for spatial structure <strong>in</strong><br />
comparison with compet<strong>in</strong>g uses.<br />
No f<strong>in</strong>al appraisal has yet been<br />
undertaken.<br />
Priority areas of different types are only<br />
allowed to overlap where this does not<br />
give rise to conflicts of use.<br />
9
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
State <strong>development</strong> plan <strong>Hesse</strong><br />
The state <strong>development</strong> plan outl<strong>in</strong>e the<br />
desired spatial <strong>development</strong> for the territory<br />
of the state <strong>in</strong> textual <strong>and</strong> cartographic form.<br />
State <strong>development</strong> plan <strong>Hesse</strong> 2000<br />
Update (2007): Expansion of the Airport Frankfurt<br />
Update (2013): Guidel<strong>in</strong>es for the <strong>development</strong> of<br />
w<strong>in</strong>d energy<br />
Planned <strong>in</strong> 2014: Realignment of the state<br />
<strong>development</strong> plan<br />
10
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Regional (<strong>development</strong>) plan<br />
state <strong>development</strong> plan<br />
(scale 1:200.000)<br />
regional government<br />
district Northhesse<br />
Middlehesse<br />
specification<br />
Regionalplan<br />
Mittelhessen 2010<br />
regional plan<br />
(scale 1:100.000)<br />
Southhesse<br />
11<br />
11
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
State <strong>development</strong> plan <strong>Hesse</strong> 2000<br />
Projection of a supraregional well-balanced <strong>development</strong><br />
(<strong>Hesse</strong> <strong>and</strong> its regions).<br />
Agglomeration areas, central place system (high-order/middle-order centers),<br />
requirements for settlement <strong>development</strong>.<br />
Routes / stretches <strong>and</strong> locations for the important <strong>in</strong>frastructure.<br />
Significant depiction for nature conservancy,<br />
agriculture, forestry, water-protection,<br />
flood-protection, climate, raw materials <strong>and</strong><br />
recreation/tourism.<br />
12
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
State <strong>development</strong> plan <strong>Hesse</strong> 2000 – climate<br />
Chapter 8.3 climate, air pollution prevention <strong>and</strong> noise protection<br />
The sett<strong>in</strong>g of climate concerns <strong>in</strong>to consideration<br />
<strong>in</strong> the process of spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> has to be based<br />
on the classification of the areas accord<strong>in</strong>g to<br />
their importance for:<br />
climate protection <strong>and</strong><br />
air pollution.<br />
13
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
State <strong>development</strong> plan <strong>Hesse</strong> 2000 – climate<br />
situation:<br />
scale is too large<br />
demarcation of areas are too vague<br />
no l<strong>in</strong>k to the aspect „climate change“ …<br />
14
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Climate change <strong>in</strong> <strong>Hesse</strong> – projections<br />
<br />
<br />
significant <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> the annual mean temperatures<br />
(between 1.8° - 3.1° until the end of the millennium)<br />
<strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> the numbers of days with great heat<br />
(comparable to the situation that existed <strong>in</strong> summer 2003)<br />
© Michel/pixelio<br />
<br />
<br />
summer: decrease <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fall but an <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>tensity<br />
w<strong>in</strong>ter: <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> precipitation<br />
(until 2050: no <strong>in</strong>crease of percitiation but redistribution S -> W)<br />
<br />
<strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> the frequency / <strong>in</strong>tensity of extreme weather events<br />
(flood, heat waves, storms, heavy ra<strong>in</strong>fall, …)<br />
15
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Climate change <strong>in</strong> <strong>Hesse</strong> – adaptation<br />
Key sectors for spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong>:<br />
preventive flood protection along the rivers<br />
reduction of heat <strong>in</strong> settlement areas (bioclimatic effects)<br />
safeguard of the habitats of animals <strong>and</strong> plants (habitat network system)<br />
(regional water scarcity)<br />
(changes <strong>in</strong> l<strong>and</strong> use – e.g. agriculture / forestry)<br />
Klimaplanatlas<br />
www.frankfurt.de<br />
©Kurt Michel/PIXELIO<br />
© Kurt Michel/PIXELIO<br />
© P.G. Meister/PIXELIO<br />
© N. Howiller/PIXELIO<br />
16
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Demonstration projects of spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> (I)<br />
Model / demonstration projects are an<br />
important <strong>in</strong>strument for federal spatial<br />
<strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> to implement a stronger process,<br />
action <strong>and</strong> project oriented underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
of <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>and</strong> politics<br />
- <strong>in</strong> co-operation with science <strong>and</strong> practice,<br />
i.e. together with participants <strong>in</strong> the region.<br />
17
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Demonstration projects of spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> (II)<br />
1 th period: management RP Gießen<br />
(-> regional council Gießen, Simone Philippi)<br />
2 nd period: management HMWVL<br />
(-> Hess. M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Natalie Scheck)<br />
lead<strong>in</strong>g-partner<br />
support<strong>in</strong>g group<br />
18
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Demonstration projects of spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> (III)<br />
What are the effects of climate chance <strong>in</strong> <strong>Hesse</strong>?<br />
Do we have to change our <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong>struments / elements?<br />
flood & flash<br />
floods<br />
Sturzfluten<br />
urban climate<br />
agriculture<br />
habitat network system<br />
19
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Flood / preventive flood protection (I)<br />
effects of climate change:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
tendency to more frequent occurrence of small <strong>and</strong> medium flood<br />
<strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> days with heavy ra<strong>in</strong>falls<br />
<strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> extreme events (prediction is difficult)<br />
conditions / data <strong>in</strong> <strong>Hesse</strong> e.g.:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
relatively current <strong>and</strong> appropriate data base<br />
preparation / update of hazard-, risk maps <strong>and</strong><br />
risk management plans<br />
<strong>in</strong>struments: reserve area / priority area<br />
(accord<strong>in</strong>g to the Conference of M<strong>in</strong>isters for <strong>Spatial</strong> Plann<strong>in</strong>g)<br />
20
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Flood / preventive flood protection (II)<br />
hazard map<br />
danger area<br />
flood hight<br />
(data base: an event, that statistically occurs once every 200 years (HQ 200 + 0,5m))<br />
21
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Flood / preventive flood protection (III)<br />
reserve area / priority area<br />
( aim: flood risk adapted l<strong>and</strong> use)<br />
flood area<br />
<strong>in</strong>struments of<br />
sectoral <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
reserve area<br />
No flood sensitive use / restriction<br />
<strong>in</strong> use (e.g. no soil seal<strong>in</strong>g)<br />
-> relocation of dykes<br />
-> creation of new retention areas<br />
priority area<br />
note on hazards<br />
<strong>in</strong>struments of<br />
spatial (regional) <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
22
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Flood / preventive flood protection (IV)<br />
priotity area<br />
for preventiv<br />
flood protection<br />
planned<br />
settlement area<br />
exist<strong>in</strong>g<br />
settlement area<br />
priotity area<br />
reserve area<br />
for preventiv<br />
flood protection<br />
23
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Flashfloods<br />
Maximum<br />
Waterlevel<br />
No determ<strong>in</strong>ation with<strong>in</strong> the Regional Plans so far.<br />
Are flashfloods relevant on the scale of regional <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong>?<br />
24
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Climate / urban climate<br />
Climate is def<strong>in</strong>ed as the average state of the atmospheric weather<br />
conditions <strong>and</strong> their fluctuations at a specific location.<br />
<strong>Hesse</strong><br />
Days with<br />
thermal stress<br />
(years of observations<br />
1971-2000)<br />
25
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Climate - heat isl<strong>and</strong> effect<br />
(http://www.staedtebauliche-klimafibel.de/Climate_Booklet/kap_2/abb-2-4.htm)<br />
Cities with millions of <strong>in</strong>habitants can witness a temperature differential above 10 degrees.<br />
One can also discern, a recognizable heat isl<strong>and</strong> effect throughout the smaller cities.<br />
26
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Reduction of urban heat<br />
open space climatope<br />
city-climatope<br />
27
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Reduction of urban heat - regional spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
priority area for special climate function<br />
aim: secure open space, no soil seal<strong>in</strong>g, …<br />
but: different def<strong>in</strong>ition of e.g.<br />
priority areas:<br />
Middlehesse: 5 km around<br />
(high-order/middle-order centers)<br />
Southhesse: 1 km around all districts<br />
priority area for special climate function<br />
regional government district<br />
Regionalverb<strong>and</strong> regional authority FrankfurtRhe<strong>in</strong>Ma<strong>in</strong><br />
28
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Reduction of urban heat – local <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
city of Frankfurt/Ma<strong>in</strong><br />
29
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Habitat network system (Middlehesse)<br />
Focus on valuable grassl<strong>and</strong> (moist, semi-moist, dry):<br />
<strong>in</strong>fluenced directly by climate change, particularly marsh or semi-wet<br />
areas<br />
Influenced <strong>in</strong>directly by climate change due to an <strong>in</strong>tensification <strong>in</strong><br />
agriculture (production of biomass)<br />
Identification of core areas of valuable grassl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> their potential<br />
corridors<br />
© Kurt Möbus © Peter Bohot (pixelio.de) © Gerhard Haaken (pixelio.de)<br />
30
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
habitat network system<br />
Habitat network system<br />
grassl<strong>and</strong><br />
neglected grassl<strong>and</strong> marsh area semi-moist grassl<strong>and</strong><br />
31
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Sectoral plan ‚Energy‘<br />
Generation of <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> conditions <strong>in</strong> order to achieve the<br />
political aim of supply with renewable energies til 2020<br />
(<strong>Hesse</strong> 20 %, Mittelhesse even 33 % - without traffic)<br />
Determ<strong>in</strong>ation of an compatible dimension for renewable<br />
energies on the regional <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> scale<br />
e.g. Mittelhesse → areas for<br />
w<strong>in</strong>dpower: 16.500 ha (3 % of the region)<br />
photovoltaics: 5.500 ha (1 %)<br />
production of biomass: 27.700 ha (5 %)<br />
32
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Supply with renewable energy (Middlehesse)<br />
Energy supply<br />
<strong>in</strong> 2008<br />
Required energy<br />
supply <strong>in</strong> 2020 <strong>in</strong><br />
order to achieve<br />
33 % (Middlehesse)<br />
Build-up-factor until<br />
2020 <strong>in</strong> relation to<br />
2008<br />
Biomass W<strong>in</strong>d Hydro Solar Geothermal<br />
GWh<br />
total<br />
1.075 265 40 100 20 1.500<br />
2.103 3.008 46 803 130 6.090<br />
2,0 11,4 1,2 8,0 6,5 4,1<br />
Quelle: Gutachten zu den Regionalen Energiekonzepten <strong>Hesse</strong>n, HMWVL 2012<br />
33
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Conclusion<br />
the spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> has suitable <strong>in</strong>struments to promote a<br />
susta<strong>in</strong>able <strong>development</strong><br />
regional <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> is the key level for decision-mak<strong>in</strong>g with<br />
regard to a lot of l<strong>and</strong>-uses<br />
current <strong>and</strong> appropriate technical data are necessary<br />
the adaptation to climate change <strong>and</strong> the implementation of<br />
renewable energy are one of the major challenges<br />
demonstration projects of spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> are an important<br />
<strong>in</strong>strument for federal spatial <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> to implement a stronger<br />
process, action <strong>and</strong> project oriented underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g of <strong>plann<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
politics.<br />
34
Hessian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Economics, Transport, Urban <strong>and</strong> Regional Development<br />
Thank you for your attention !<br />
35
Change language