Classical and augmentative biological control against ... - IOBC-WPRS

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Giorgini Table 8: Number of references reporting data on the efficacy of augmentative biocontrol of pests in grapevine. Groups of Pests Biocontrol agents Total number of references Number of references reporting data on efficacy in pest and related damage control * Laboratory assays Field evaluation Lepidoptera: Tortricidae Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Lepidoptera: Arctiidae Lepidoptera: Sesiidae Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae Diptera: Tephritidae Acari: Tetranichidae Acari: Eriophyidae Coleoptera: Scarabeidae Thysanoptera: Thripidae Bacillus thuringiensis 26 2 + 16 + 1 - Trichogramma spp. parasitoids 13 1 - 9 + 1 - Bacillus thuringiensis 1 1 + Bacillus thuringiensis 1 1 + Nematodes 2 2 + 1 + 1 + (greenhouse) Encyrtidae parasitoids 5 4 + Coccinellidae 3 1 + (greenhouse) Fungi 1 1 + Chrysopidae 3 2 - Nematodes 1 1 + Fungi 5 1 + 2 + 1 - Pteromalidae parasitoids 1 1 + 1 + Phytoseidae 6 4 + Phytoseidae 2 1 + Nematodes 1 1 + Fungi 1 1 + Fungi 3 1 + 2 + * + means effective, - means not effective biocontrol agent 18
Chapter 2 Bacillus thuringiensis: 28 (39%) Fungi: 10 (14%) Nematodes: 4 (6%) Parasitoid Hymenoptera: 18 (25%) Predators of insects (Chrysopidae, Coccinellidae): 6 (8%) Predators of mites (Phytoseidae): 6 (8%) Figure 4: Groups of biocontrol agents investigated in augmentative biological control researches in grapevine. Number of references for each group is reported. Lepidoptera Tortricidae: 39 (55%) Lepidoptera Sesiidae: 2 (3%) Lepidoptera Arctiidae: 1 (1%) Lepidoptera Pyralidae: 1 (1%) Hemiptera Pseudococcidae: 9 (13%) Hemiptera Phylloxeridae: 5 (7%) Hemiptera Cicadellidae: 3 (4%) Acari Tetranichidae and Eriophyidae: 6 (8%) Thysanoptera Thripidae: 3 (4%) Coleoptera Scarabeidae: 2 (3%) Diptera Tephritidae: 1 (1%) Figure 5: Groups of target pests investigated in augmentative biological control researches in grapevine. Number of references for each group is reported. 19
Page 1 and 2: IOBC OILB WPRS SROP In te rn atio n
Page 3 and 4: Preface One of the Research Activit
Page 5 and 6: LORITO Matteo UNINA, Dip. Arboricol
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables (continued) Table 17
Page 9 and 10: Contents Chapter 1 Potential of bio
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 Potential of biological c
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1 To allow for the analysis
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1 Table 4: Microbial specie
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Table 4 (continued) T. lo
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 Table 4 (continued) Cupri
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 other was aiming at ident
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2 Table 5: References extra
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 2 Table 6: Biocontrol agent
Page 27: Table 7 (continued) Chapter 2 Hemip
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 3 - financial; since the de
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 3 Pathogens and Nematodes a
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 3 [Remark: Estimating the s
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3 100% 80% 60% P = Phytopha
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 0,25 4 0,20 % dedicated t
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3 Table 9: Recent introduct
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 3 Table 9: Recent introduct
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 4 The survey was limited to
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 4 Table 11 (continued) Othe
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 4 SCLPs are included in ann
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 4 laminarin is available on
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 5 (EC) No 1109/2009. Tests
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 6 Identified difficulties a
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 6 Table 12: Evidence for, a
Page 59 and 60: Table 13: Trichoderma-based prepara
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 6 Many preparations have be
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 6 Persistence, physiologica
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 6 Harman, G. E. (2006) Over
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 6 Sharon, E., Bar-Eyal, M.,
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 7 purification, formulation
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 7 Business profitability Co
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 8 A survey was carried out
Page 75 and 76: Chapter 8 80 70 60 %of supply %of a
Page 77 and 78: Chapter 8 efficacy and the price of
Page 79 and 80:
Conclusions and perspectives reduct
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Appendices For Chapter 1 Appendix 1
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Appendix 1 B O Milsana + Brevibacil
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Appendix 1 Strawberry (target patho
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Appendix 1 Fruits - postharvest (ap
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Appendix 1 Legumes (Fabaceae) (targ
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Appendix 1 Miscellaneous crops (tar
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Appendix 1 Lecanicillium muscarium
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Appendix 1 Bedini, S., Bagnoli, G.,
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Appendix 1 Dik, A., and Wubben, J.
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Appendix 1 Gerlagh, M., Amsing, J.
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Appendix 1 Jing, W., Tu, K., Shao,
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Appendix 1 Li, G. Q., Huang, H. C.,
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Appendix 1 Morandi, M. A. B., Maffi
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Appendix 1 Rabea, E. I., Badawy, M.
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Appendix 1 Sutton, J. C., Liu, W.,
Page 111 and 112:
Appendix 1 Zahavi, T., Cohen, L., W
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Appendix 2 Powdery mildew on grapes
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Appendix 2 Powdery mildew on cucurb
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Appendix 2 Askary, H. (1998). Patho
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Appendix 2 Malathrakis, N. E. (2002
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Appendix 3. Inventory of biocontrol
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Appendix 3 References on biocontrol
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Appendix 4. Inventory of biocontrol
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Appendix 4 Grapes (target pathogen
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Appendix 4 References on biocontrol
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Appendix 4 Robak, J., and Ostrowska
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Appendix 5 Cherry (target pathogens
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Appendix 5 Successful inhibition in
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Appendix 5 Smilanick, J. L., Denis-
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Appendix 6 showed protein content o
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Appendix 6 El-Khallal, S. M. (2007)
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Appendix 6 Liu, Q., J. C. Yu, et al
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Appendix 6 of tomato wilt pathogen
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Appendix 6 incognita, respectively.
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Appendix 7. Number of references re
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Appendix 8. Collection of data on a
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Appendix 8 Camporese & Duso, 1996 T
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Appendix 8 8.5 Fungi [5 species] Re
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Appendix 8 Berner & Schnetter, 2002
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Appendix 8 Morandi-Filho et al., 20
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Appendix 8 Marshall D.B. & Lester P
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Appendix 9 9.2. Details on the use
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Appendix 9 References 1. Abd-Rabou
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Appendix 9 50. Gariepy TD, Kuhlmann
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Appendix 9 97. Langewald J, Neuensc
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Appendix 9 146. Roltsch WJ, Meyerdi
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Appendix 10. Substances included in
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Appendix 10 Chemical Dimoxystrobin
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Appendix 10 Chemical Prosulfocarb '
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Appendix 10 Natural other Abamectin
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Appendix 11. Invertebrate beneficia
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Appendix 11 11.2. Invertebrate bioc
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Appendix 11 Coccinella septempuncta
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Appendix 11 Trichogramma brassicae
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Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Appendix 11 Diglyphus isaea Digline
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