CONTENS - International Organization of Plant Biosystematists

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O 27 Participation of the high mountainous grass Colpodium versicolor (Poaceae) in the evolution of some Zingeria species Violetta Kotseruba 1 , Klaus Pistrick 2 , Anahit Ghukasyan 3 , Andreas Houben 2 1 Komarov Botanical Inst., 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia, viola.kotseruba@gmail.com 2 Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany, pistrick@ipk-gatersleben.de, houben@ipk-gatersleben.de 3 National Botanical Institute of Armenia, Erevan, Armeni, abotanyinst@sci.am The high mountainous grass Colpodium versicolor (Stev.) Schmalh. has an unusual low basic chromosome number of two considering that the basic number of chromosomes of the Poaceae family is seven. At this moment we know only four plants with high reduced chromosome number 2n=4 and two of them belong to the Poaceae family: Colpodium versicolor and Zingeria biebersteiniana (Claus) P.A. Smirn. Analyses of the relation between these unique two genera of grasses including Colpodium versicolor (2n=2x=4, 2C=2.4 pg) Zingeria biebersteiniana (2n=2x=4, 2C=3.5 pg) Z. trichopoda (Boiss.) P. A. Smirn. (2n=4x=8, 2C=5.3 pg) and Zingeria kochii (Mez) Tzvelev (2n=6x=12, 2C=6.7pg) revealed a dynamic evolution of the genomes with the following results: (1) Z. trichopoda is of amphidiploid origin. Only four of the eight chromosomes of Z. trichopoda are strongly labelled after genomic in situ hybridisation with genomic DNA of Z. biebersteiniana. Therefore, Z. trichopoda evolved from a hybrid involving a species very close to the recent form of Z. biebersteiniana and a second species with a similar low number of chromosomes. (2) Z. kochii is of allohexaploid origin. Four of the twelve chromosomes of Z. kochii are strongly labelled after genomic in situ hybridisation with genomic DNA of Z. biebersteiniana, and four other chromosomes are strongly labelled with genomic DNA of C. versicolor. Therefore, Z. kochii evolved from a hybrid involving a species very close to the recent form of Z. biebersteiniana and C. versicolor.(3) The 45S rDNA loci of the Z. biebersteiniana-similar component of Z. kochii vanished after amphiploidisation. Supported by: RFBR 06-04-48399, DAAD 325, DFG 2001, DFG 2005. 28
O 28 Chromosome evolution in selected mountainous species of Luzula (woodrush). Monika Bozek 1 , Andrew R. Leitch 2 , Yoong K. Lim 2 , Graham Moore 3 , Thomas Haizel 3 and Elzbieta Kuta 1 1 Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, 52 Grodzka Street, 31-044 Cracow, Poland, m.bozek@iphils.uj.edu.pl 2 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK 3 John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK The monophyletic genus Luzula is a cosmopolitan Juncaceae taxon comprising about 115 species. It is the only known plant genus where all species have holocentric chromosomes, in which the kinetochore proteins occur along the entire chromatid. This attribute enables fused chromosomes and chromosome fragments to segregate normally in cell divisions. As a result, chromosome fragmentation (agmatoploidy) and/or fusion (symploidy) are commonly occurring structural chromosome mutations. Furthermore, polyploidy can be superimposed on these changes. Interestingly, a significant number of these events occur in species originating in alpine regions. We analyse karyotype divergence in eight closelyrelated species to better understand patterns of holocentric chromosome evolution in Luzula. C-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) with selected DNA sequences (centromeric-LCS1, plant telomeric TTTAGGG, ribosomal DNA, retroelements) supported by dot-blot estimates of sequence copy numbers and nuclear DNA measurements are used to characterize genome structure. Heterochromatin banding patterns are similar between species. Likewise the centromeric repeat-LCS1, which contributes significantly to the heterochromatic fraction of the genome, is found at numerous bands across the genome. Studies on retroelement distribution, especially between symploid and related diploid species, reveal lineages with extraordinary copy number increases. In a symploid species none of our markers indicated ancient fusions (e.g. interstitial rDNA loci or multiple loci on a single chromosome) and in polyploids there is evidence for diploidisation (e.g. a reduction in rDNA locus number from expectation), both results indicate genome evolution subsequent to karyotype structural change. 29
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Page 3 and 4: O 02 Comparative phylogeography of
Page 5 and 6: O 04 Contrasting phylogeographies i
Page 7 and 8: O 06 Molecular phylogeography of Rh
Page 9 and 10: O 08 Phylogenetic and biogeographic
Page 11 and 12: O 10 Phytogeographical relationship
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Page 15 and 16: O 14 Gentianella (Gentianaceae): A
Page 17 and 18: O 16 Crocus - Evolution and domesti
Page 19 and 20: O 18 Is hybridization between Pinus
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Page 27: O 26 Phylogeography and polyploid e
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Page 33 and 34: MOLECULAR APPROACHES IN PLANT EVOLU
Page 35 and 36: O 34 Molecular studies of Amarantha
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Page 41 and 42: O 40 Habitat exploitation and diver
Page 43 and 44: O 42 The Andean uplift and its infl
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Page 47 and 48: ROLE OF APOMIXIS IN PLANT EVOLUTION
Page 49 and 50: O 48 Facultative apomixis in the al
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Page 63 and 64: P 13 Phylogeography of the arctic-a
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P 31 Mediterranean mountains: plant
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P 35 Studies of seed morphological
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P 37 Morphological traits in Dianth
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P 41 Modeling reticulate evolution
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P 43 Biosystematic study on Oxytrop
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P 47 Systematics of Lachemilla (Ros
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P 49 Genetic variation in natural p
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P 51 Flora investigation of Ulubey
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P 53 Notes on species of Papaver (P
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P 55 Polyploidization and adaptive
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P 57 The alpine violet Viola lutea
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P 59 Variation of Pinus mugo in the
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P 61 Biogeography of tall-herb spec
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P 65 Cytogeography of the Alyssum m
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P 67 Diversity of Draba L. sect. Ai
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P 69 Alpine aromatic and medicinal
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P 71 Phylogeographic relationships
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P 73 Evolutionary Trends in Genus A
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CONTENS - International Organization of Plant Biosystematists

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