CONTENS - International Organization of Plant Biosystematists

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EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES IN EXTRA-EUROPEAN MOUNTAINS O 41 Relationships and genetic variation in the New Zealand edelweiss Leucogenes (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) Ilse Breitwieser & Rob Smissen Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, PO Box 40, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand; breitwieseri@landcareresearch.co.nz Plants of the New Zealand endemic genus Leucogenes (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) are alpine perennial evergreen subshrubs that are characterised by sessile yellow capitula in a very dense corymb surrounded by a ring of modified densely-white tomentose leaves, the whole giving the appearance of a single, showy flower. Beauverd named this genus Leucogenes to mark the similar appearance of the inflorescence of the New Zealand species to that of the European edelweiss, Leontopodium alpinum, and its relatives. Thus, Leucogenes became known as the New Zealand edelweiss. These similarities led some previous authors to suggest close relationships between northern and southern hemisphere edelweiss, but we found that the southern hemisphere edelweiss is part of a generic complex within the Gnaphalieae which also includes the New Zealand endemic genera Rachelia and Raoulia, the genus Anaphalioides known from New Zealand and Papua New Guinea, and the New Zealand species currently assigned to Ewartia and Helichrysum. Our observations suggest it is closest to Raoulia subg. Psychrophyton, although the two are morphologically very different. Leucogenes has the capacity to hybridise quite freely with these pulvinate species of Raoulia. We examined AFLP profiles, nuclear ITS sequences, and chloroplast psbA-trnH intergenic spacer sequences for representative samples of the four species of Leucogenes to get more insight into the evolution and geographic variation of the species. We found that the tetraploid L. neglecta was derived from the diploid L. leontopodium by autoploidy, but that the octoploid L. tarahaoa arose earlier than and independently of L. neglecta. Some populations of L. leontopodium and L. grandiceps have chloroplast sequences more similar to those of other species of the New Zealand Gnaphalieae than to the majority of Leucogenes samples. ITS sequence variation is also complex, with sequences sampled from Leucogenes not forming a monophyletic group and siginificant intraspecific variation found within L. grandiceps. 42
O 42 The Andean uplift and its influence on Neotropical biodiversity Alexandre Antonelli 1 , Johan A.A. Nylander 2 , R. Toby Pennington 3 , Isabel Sanmartín 4 1 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30, Sweden; alexandre.antonelli@dpes.gu.se 2 Department of Systematic Botany, Stockholm University, 106591, Stockholm, Sweden; johan.nylander@bergianska.se 3 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK; t.pennington@rbge.org.uk 4 Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC; Plaza Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain; isanmartin@rjb.csic.es Extending over 5000 km along the western coast of South America, the Andean Cordillera constitutes the largest mountain chain in direct connection with a tropical rain forest. Its formation has proceeded from south to north and from west to east, with most uplift phases of the tropical Andes taking place in the last 20 Ma. The Andean uplift may have promoted speciation in several ways: i) by creating new montane and pre-montane habitats in the Neotropics, favouring morphological adaptation of lowland taxa; ii) by producing geographic vicariance, and consequently genetic isolation, between populations on both sides of the emerging mountains; iii) by favouring allopatric speciation among montane taxa, separated by deep valleys and impassable ridges and peaks; and iv) by changing the hydrology and climate of the entire South American continent, thus creating new evolutionary pressures on montane and lowland taxa. In order to quantify the relative importance of each of these potential mechanisms of speciation, and to discern cladogenesis caused by competing hypotheses (e.g., Pleistocene climatic fluctuations), we perform a meta-analysis of all dated molecular phylogenies published for Andean-centred taxa, plants and animals alike. Here we will present preliminary results and their significance in understanding the origins and evolution of the world’s most biodiverse region. 43
Page 1 and 2: Xth Symposium of the International
Page 3 and 4: O 02 Comparative phylogeography of
Page 5 and 6: O 04 Contrasting phylogeographies i
Page 7 and 8: O 06 Molecular phylogeography of Rh
Page 9 and 10: O 08 Phylogenetic and biogeographic
Page 11 and 12: O 10 Phytogeographical relationship
Page 13 and 14: O 12 Did vascular plants and bryoph
Page 15 and 16: O 14 Gentianella (Gentianaceae): A
Page 17 and 18: O 16 Crocus - Evolution and domesti
Page 19 and 20: O 18 Is hybridization between Pinus
Page 21 and 22: O 20 Evolutionary studies in a grou
Page 23 and 24: O 22 Polyploid evolution and ecolog
Page 25 and 26: O 24 Species delimitation in a comp
Page 27 and 28: O 26 Phylogeography and polyploid e
Page 29 and 30: O 28 Chromosome evolution in select
Page 31 and 32: O 30 Evolutionary-related changes i
Page 33 and 34: MOLECULAR APPROACHES IN PLANT EVOLU
Page 35 and 36: O 34 Molecular studies of Amarantha
Page 37 and 38: O 36 Comparative genomics in the Br
Page 39 and 40: O 38 How alpine landscapes and disp
Page 41: O 40 Habitat exploitation and diver
Page 45 and 46: O 44 Glucosinolate diversity in New
Page 47 and 48: ROLE OF APOMIXIS IN PLANT EVOLUTION
Page 49 and 50: O 48 Facultative apomixis in the al
Page 51 and 52: P 01 Mediterranean vegetation and L
Page 53 and 54: P 03 Comparative study effects of P
Page 55 and 56: P 05 A biosystematic study of biodi
Page 57 and 58: P 07 Breakdown of heterostyly and t
Page 59 and 60: P 09 Possible hybrid origin of the
Page 61 and 62: P 11 Molecular phylogenetics of fam
Page 63 and 64: P 13 Phylogeography of the arctic-a
Page 65 and 66: P 15 A preliminary approach to the
Page 67 and 68: P 17 Polyploid evolution in plants:
Page 69 and 70: P 19 Biosystematic study on the gen
Page 71 and 72: P 21 Anatomical, ecological and pal
Page 73 and 74: P 23 Seed flavonoids in some member
Page 75 and 76: P 25 The genus Onosma in the Alps V
Page 77 and 78: P 27 ENSCONET, the European Native
Page 79 and 80: P 29 Differentiaton of Salix herbac
Page 81 and 82: P 31 Mediterranean mountains: plant
Page 83 and 84: P 33 Historical-geographical backgr
Page 85 and 86: P 35 Studies of seed morphological
Page 87 and 88: P 37 Morphological traits in Dianth
Page 89 and 90: P 39 Origin and evolution of agamos
Page 91 and 92: P 41 Modeling reticulate evolution
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P 43 Biosystematic study on Oxytrop
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P 45 Phytogeographical relationship
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P 47 Systematics of Lachemilla (Ros
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P 49 Genetic variation in natural p
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P 51 Flora investigation of Ulubey
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P 53 Notes on species of Papaver (P
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P 55 Polyploidization and adaptive
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P 57 The alpine violet Viola lutea
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P 59 Variation of Pinus mugo in the
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P 61 Biogeography of tall-herb spec
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P 63 Genetic structure of endangere
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P 65 Cytogeography of the Alyssum m
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P 67 Diversity of Draba L. sect. Ai
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P 69 Alpine aromatic and medicinal
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P 71 Phylogeographic relationships
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P 73 Evolutionary Trends in Genus A
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P 75 Evolutionary processes in Sout
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CONTENS - International Organization of Plant Biosystematists

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