CONTENS - International Organization of Plant Biosystematists

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O 43 Polyploid evolution in rock outcrop mountains of South-Eastern Brazil Itayguara Ribeiro da Costa & Eliana Regina Forni-Martins Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, s/n, Caixa Postal 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas – SP, Brazil; itayguara@gmail.com, elianafm@unicamp.br. The rock outcrop complexes in South-Eastern Brazil are mainly part of the Espinhaço (campos rupestres) and Mantiqueira Range (campos de altitude), belong to Brazilian Cerrado and Atlantic Tropical Rain Forest biomes. The high elevation formations, the relicts, are characterized by poor soils and daily extreme temperatures, occurring above 900 and 1500 m of altitude, respectively, and possess a peculiar flora with high levels of endemism. Myrtaceae have widespread distribution at all Brazilian vegetation formations and present a high taxonomic complexity with hybrid species. The chromosome number for this family showed high frequency of 2n = 22 (x = 11), with the occurrence of polyploidy in several species, including the polyploid cytotypes. We carried out chromosome counts for ca. 80 species of Brazilian Myrtaceae in several genera, aiming to determine if occurrence of polyploidy would be associated with the distribution of some species in these environments. We found eight pairs of cytotypes and four different ploidy levels (2x, 3x, 4x and 6x) distributed in three genera. The greatest ploidy levels (3x and 4x) were found in some species of Eugenia and Myrcia occurring in campos rupestres against the diploid relatives in the Cerrado vegetation. Similar situation to Psidium, where 6x populations occurs at highest altitude of Mantiqueira Range while 4x is distributed in other Atlantic Tropical Rain Forest localities with lower altitudes, next to the sea level. Higher ploidy levels were also observed by others authors in species of other families, as Bromeliaceae, Velloziaceae, Orchidaceae and Xyridaceae, occurring in these rock outcrop mountains. In the future, studies will be conduced to explain the origin of polyploid cytotypes in these differential environments. 44
O 44 Glucosinolate diversity in New Zealand alpine Pachycladon Claudia Voelckel 1 , Peter Heenan 2 , Michael Reichelt 3 & Peter J. Lockhart 1 1 AWC for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; c.voelckel@massey.ac.nz, p.j.lockhart@massey.ac.nz 2 Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; heenanp@landcareresearch.co.nz 3 Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; reichelt@ice.mpg.de Using studies of differential expression we have begun investigating the potential importance of biotic and abiotic drivers in the recent diversification of New Zealand alpine Pachycladon. Following initial observations on differential expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in two sister species (P. enysii and P. fastigiata), we measured intra- and interspecific diversity of glucosinolates (GS) in natural populations of these species. We have identified three chemotypes in P. enysii and two chemotypes in P. fastigiata. In a further experiment, we also compared GS profiles in roots and leaves of five Pachycladon species (P. cheesemanii, P. exilis, P. novae-zealandiae, P. fastigiata, and P. enysii) representing the three main lineages of the species radiation. Interestingly, the similarities in both root and shoot patterns do not reflect the expected phylogenetic relationship of the five species. Moreover, differences in GS types suggest the segregation of various GS biosynthetic loci across the Pachycladon radiation. For example, in the shoots, between-species differences in chain length of methionine-derived GS, methylsulfinylalkyl and alkenyl GS and hydroxyalkenyl GS suggest segregation at the GS-Elong, GS-AOP and the GS-OH locus, respectively. In addition, between-species differences in indolyl GS in the roots suggest differential activity of tryptophane-processing GS biosynthesis genes across the Pachycladon radiation. Root patterns mostly resemble shoot patterns except for a notable increase in the methylthioalkyl precursor of the dominant leaf compounds, an observation previously made also in the seeds of P. enysii. This suggests a higher activity of the GS-OX locus in leaves vs. roots irrespective of species. In summary, our comparative approach implicates several GS loci as having undergone differential evolution during the radiation of Pachycladon. It remains to be investigated whether this evolution has been driven by stochastic processes (e.g. genetic drift) or natural selection (exerted by below and above ground herbivores and pathogens). 45
Page 1 and 2: Xth Symposium of the International
Page 3 and 4: O 02 Comparative phylogeography of
Page 5 and 6: O 04 Contrasting phylogeographies i
Page 7 and 8: O 06 Molecular phylogeography of Rh
Page 9 and 10: O 08 Phylogenetic and biogeographic
Page 11 and 12: O 10 Phytogeographical relationship
Page 13 and 14: O 12 Did vascular plants and bryoph
Page 15 and 16: O 14 Gentianella (Gentianaceae): A
Page 17 and 18: O 16 Crocus - Evolution and domesti
Page 19 and 20: O 18 Is hybridization between Pinus
Page 21 and 22: O 20 Evolutionary studies in a grou
Page 23 and 24: O 22 Polyploid evolution and ecolog
Page 25 and 26: O 24 Species delimitation in a comp
Page 27 and 28: O 26 Phylogeography and polyploid e
Page 29 and 30: O 28 Chromosome evolution in select
Page 31 and 32: O 30 Evolutionary-related changes i
Page 33 and 34: MOLECULAR APPROACHES IN PLANT EVOLU
Page 35 and 36: O 34 Molecular studies of Amarantha
Page 37 and 38: O 36 Comparative genomics in the Br
Page 39 and 40: O 38 How alpine landscapes and disp
Page 41 and 42: O 40 Habitat exploitation and diver
Page 43: O 42 The Andean uplift and its infl
Page 47 and 48: ROLE OF APOMIXIS IN PLANT EVOLUTION
Page 49 and 50: O 48 Facultative apomixis in the al
Page 51 and 52: P 01 Mediterranean vegetation and L
Page 53 and 54: P 03 Comparative study effects of P
Page 55 and 56: P 05 A biosystematic study of biodi
Page 57 and 58: P 07 Breakdown of heterostyly and t
Page 59 and 60: P 09 Possible hybrid origin of the
Page 61 and 62: P 11 Molecular phylogenetics of fam
Page 63 and 64: P 13 Phylogeography of the arctic-a
Page 65 and 66: P 15 A preliminary approach to the
Page 67 and 68: P 17 Polyploid evolution in plants:
Page 69 and 70: P 19 Biosystematic study on the gen
Page 71 and 72: P 21 Anatomical, ecological and pal
Page 73 and 74: P 23 Seed flavonoids in some member
Page 75 and 76: P 25 The genus Onosma in the Alps V
Page 77 and 78: P 27 ENSCONET, the European Native
Page 79 and 80: P 29 Differentiaton of Salix herbac
Page 81 and 82: P 31 Mediterranean mountains: plant
Page 83 and 84: P 33 Historical-geographical backgr
Page 85 and 86: P 35 Studies of seed morphological
Page 87 and 88: P 37 Morphological traits in Dianth
Page 89 and 90: P 39 Origin and evolution of agamos
Page 91 and 92: P 41 Modeling reticulate evolution
Page 93 and 94: P 43 Biosystematic study on Oxytrop
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P 45 Phytogeographical relationship
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P 47 Systematics of Lachemilla (Ros
Page 99 and 100:
P 49 Genetic variation in natural p
Page 101 and 102:
P 51 Flora investigation of Ulubey
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P 53 Notes on species of Papaver (P
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P 55 Polyploidization and adaptive
Page 107 and 108:
P 57 The alpine violet Viola lutea
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P 59 Variation of Pinus mugo in the
Page 111 and 112:
P 61 Biogeography of tall-herb spec
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P 63 Genetic structure of endangere
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P 65 Cytogeography of the Alyssum m
Page 117 and 118:
P 67 Diversity of Draba L. sect. Ai
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P 69 Alpine aromatic and medicinal
Page 121 and 122:
P 71 Phylogeographic relationships
Page 123 and 124:
P 73 Evolutionary Trends in Genus A
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P 75 Evolutionary processes in Sout
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CONTENS - International Organization of Plant Biosystematists

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