Indirect Effects: Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Ulrike Lohmann

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Outline • What are aerosol indirect effects? – Twomey effect – Cloud lifetime effect – Semi-direct effect • Evidence of the different indirect aerosol effects from field studies • Estimates of global mean indirect aerosol effects • Conclusions
Water clouds Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) Oxidation, Nucleation Aerosol removal by precipitation SO 2 , NO x , Organics Soot, organics Soil dust saltation Sea salt Industry Automobiles Biomass burning Arid area Ocean spray
Page 1: Indirect Effects: Aerosol and Cloud
Page 5 and 6: Different aerosol effects on water
Page 7 and 8: Shiptracks off the coast of Washing
Page 9 and 10: Top-of-the-atmosphere global-mean r
Page 11 and 12: Summary of aerosol forcing estimate
Page 13 and 14: How are aerosol effects on clouds s
Page 15 and 16: Aerosol mass resulting from human a
Page 17 and 18: Aerosol - cloud droplet relationshi
Page 19 and 20: Top panel: Direct effect of sulphat
Page 21 and 22: Aerosol effects on cloud water cont
Page 23 and 24: Semi-direct effect Ackerman et al.,
Page 25 and 26: Global mean indirect aerosol effect

Indirect Effects: Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Ulrike Lohmann

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