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REFERENCES 50 Books, Articles and Papers Anderson, E.F. (1993) Plants and People of the Golden Triangle: Ethnobotany of the Hill Tribes of Northern Thailand, Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon. Baimai, Visoot (1995) Status of Biological Diversity in Thailand. Thailand Biodiversity Research Fund, Bangkok (in Thai only) Baker, C. and Phongpaichit, P. (2002) Thailand: Economy and Politics. (2 nd edn) Oxford University Press, Malaysia. Barrett, C. B. and Lybbert, T.J. (2000) ‘Is Bioprospecting a Viable Strategy for Conserving Tropical Ecosystems?’ Ecological Economics, Vol. 34. 293-300. Blakeney, M. (2005) ‘Bioprospecting and Biopiracy’ in Ong, B. (ed) (2005) Intellectual Property and Biological Resources. Marshall Cavendish Academic, Singapore. Blakeney, M. (2002) ‘Agricultural Research: Intellectual Property and the CGIAR System’, chapter in Drahos, P. and Mayne, R. (eds) Global Intellectual Property Rights: Knowledge, Access and Development. Palmgrave Macmillan, Hampshire UK. Braithwaite, J. and Drahos, P. (2000) Global Business Regulation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Brun, V. and Schumacher, T. (1994) The Traditional Herbal Medicine of Northern Thailand, White Lotus, Bangkok. Center for Conservation Biology (2004) Thailand Environment Monitor 2004: Biodiversity. Center for Conservation Biology, Mahidol University, Bangkok. Chaitap, Varaluk, (Undated) The Biodiversity of Rotational Land Farming in an Indigenous Karen Community at Ban Mae Lankhum, Chiangmai. Northern Farmers Network, Chiang Mai. Chamarik, Saneh. (2004) Community Rights in the Global Perspective. National Human Rights Commission of Thailand, Bangkok. Chamarik (2002) ‘The Community Right in Thailand’, In Right Angle, Vol 1, 1. National Human Rights Commission of Thailand, Bangkok. Available at www.nhrc.or.th Changtavorn, Thanit, (1998) ‘Legal Protection for Plant Varieties’, in Intellectual Property and International Trade Law Forum Special Issue, Central Intellectual Property and Trade Court, Bangkok. Compeerapap, Jaroen. (2003) A Forward Step for the Thai Traditional Medicine. Unpublished paper provided by the author. Craig, D. (2005) ‘Biological Resources, Intellectual Property Rights and International Human Rights: Impacts on Indigenous and Local Communities’, chapter in Ong, B. (ed) (2005) Intellectual Property and Biological Resources. Marshall Cavendish Academic, Singapore. Cullet, P. (2005) Intellectual Property Protection and Sustainable Development. Nexis Lexis/ Butterworths, New Delhi. Drahos, P. with Braithwaite, J. (2003) Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy? New Press, New York. 50 Thai authors have been listed by in a ‘last name, initials/first name format’ according to the Harvard method of referencing. First names have been provided where possible as it is the custom in Thailand to refer to an author’s first name. 101
Drahos, P. (2005) ‘Intellectual Property Engineering: The Role of the Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Industries.’ Chapter in Ong, B. (ed) (2005) Intellectual Property and Biological Resources. Marshall Cavendish Academic, Singapore. Dutfield, G. (2004) Intellectual Property, Biogenetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge. Earthscan, London. FAO (2003) The State of Food Security in the World: Monitoring Progress Towards the World Summit and Millennium Development Goals. FAO, Rome. Ganjanapan, Anan (2000) Local Control of Land and Forest: Cultural Dimensions of Resource Management in Northern Thailand. Regional Centre for Social Science and Sustainable Development, Chiang Mai University. Ganjanapan, Santita. (1996) ‘Indigenous and Scientific Concepts of Forest and Land Classification in Northern Thailand’, chapter in Hirsch, P. (ed) Seeing Forests for Trees: Environment and Environmentalism in Thailand. Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai. Gardner, S., Sidisunthorn, P., and Anusarnsunthorn, V. (2000) A Field Guide to Forest Trees of Northern Thailand, Kobfai Publishing, Bangkok. Jeffery, M.I., (2005) ‘Intellectual Property Rights and Biodiversity Conservation: Reconciling Incompatibilities Between the TRIPS Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity.’ Chapter in Ong, B. (ed) (2005) Intellectual Property and Biological Resources. Marshall Cavendish Academic, Singapore. Kermel-Torres, D. (2004) Atlas of Thailand: Spatial structures and development, Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai. Kuanpoth, Jakkrit. Donavanik, Jade. Vanakorod, Surawit. Compeerapap, Jaroen. Srethasirote, Buntoon. (2004) Report on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Thailand Research Fund, Bangkok. Kuanpoth, J. (2005) Current Developments and Trends in the Field of Intellectual Property Rights: Harmonisation through Free Trade Agreements. Paper presented at the ICTSD Regional Dialogue on Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), Innovation and Sustainable Development, University of Hong Kong, 8 – 10 November. Kuanpoth, J. (2004) Negotiations Towards a Free-Trade Agreement: US Demands for Greater IPR Privileges. Discussion Paper, available at http://www.grain.org/rights/tripsplus.cfm. Accessed, 4/5/04. Kuanpoth, J. (2003) ‘The Political Economy of the TRIPS Agreement: Lessons from Asian Countries’, in Bellman, C. Dutfield, G. and Melendez-Ortiz, R. (eds) Trading in Knowledge: Development Perspectives on TRIPS, Trade and Sustainability. Earthscan, London. Kuanpoth, J. (2002) ‘US Tropical Forests Conservation Fund: Its Implications to Thailand.’ In Right Angle, Vol 1, 1. National Human Rights Commission of Thailand, Bangkok. Available at www.nhrc.or.th. Laird, S. (ed) (2002) Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge: Equitable Partnerships in Practice. Earthscan, London. Laird, S.A and Noejovich, F, (2002) ‘Building Equitable Research Relationships with Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities: Prior Informed Consent and Research Agreements.’ Chapter in Laird, S. (ed) (2002) Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge: Equitable Partnerships in Practice. Earthscan, London Langton, M. & Ma Rhea, Z. (2003) Composite Report on the Status and Trends Regarding the Knowledge, Innovations and Practices of Indigenous and Local Communities Relevant to the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity. CBD Secretariat. Available at: http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/socioeco/traditional/documents.asp. Long, N. (1996) ‘Globalisation and Localisation: New Challenges to Rural Research’, chapter in Moor, H (ed) The Future of Anthropological Knowledge. Routledge, London and New York 102
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Governance and Micropolitics of Tra
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CONTENTS List of Tables, Figures an
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Abbreviations and Acronyms ABS ARCB
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Executive Summary (Thai translation
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passing of the Bill has suffered fr
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policy and law in this study. The u
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cases 3 , particularly where a reso
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2. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS, AGRE
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institutionalised in many developin
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germplasm originating in their gene
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e subject to exclusive intellectual
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guide for countries attempting to i
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described in section 2.7. The lates
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Switzerland took an alternate posit
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enefit sharing; (ii) protection of
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2.8 International Treaty on Plant G
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Drawing upon these and the highly r
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The current Draft ASEAN Agreement a
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The use of such bilateral trade pre
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A leaked version of the US FTA posi
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3. GOVERNANCE IN THAILAND There are
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articles). The advocacy of groups s
Page 45 and 46:
in some areas and stronger IPRs in
Page 47 and 48:
is opposed to ex situ resources whi
Page 49 and 50:
Licence Office. This has been sugge
Page 51 and 52:
capita greenhouse gas polluters on
Page 53 and 54:
Pennapa et al, 2001). It is claimed
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3.4 Alleged Biopiracy Episodes and
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While the use of geographical indic
Page 59 and 60: were then taken by a Portsmouth Uni
Page 61 and 62: A number of subsequent Thai patents
Page 63 and 64: Of the biopiracy cases discussed he
Page 65 and 66: that was investigated by WIPO and U
Page 67 and 68: 3.5 Legislation and Bureaucratic Mi
Page 69 and 70: There are several aspects of the Pa
Page 71 and 72: Table 5: Development and Operation
Page 73 and 74: • twenty percent is allocated to
Page 75 and 76: Chapters Seven and Eight essentiall
Page 77 and 78: Furthermore he notes that it is not
Page 79 and 80: esources. A Community Forest Manage
Page 81 and 82: There have been ongoing meetings at
Page 83 and 84: 3.8 The Role of Civil Society, NGOs
Page 85 and 86: 3.9 Summary: Participation, Impleme
Page 87 and 88: Box 4: Indigenous Peoples and Local
Page 89 and 90: 4.2 Traditional Knowledge and Local
Page 91 and 92: Box 5: Methods of Karen Pest and We
Page 93 and 94: Table 6: Description of Threats Aff
Page 95 and 96: Traditional Medicines of Baan Sopla
Page 97 and 98: Although a full ethno-botanic inves
Page 99 and 100: Baan Khun Khlang, Hmong Village, Kh
Page 101 and 102: Rather than applying customs and ri
Page 103 and 104: developing and many ‘Eastern’ c
Page 105 and 106: This section provides an explanatio
Page 107 and 108: 5. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS The
Page 109: PIC requirements should however be
Page 113 and 114: TK-FL Working Group (2005) A summar
Page 115 and 116: IRRI, IRRI Welcomes Rice Research D
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX ONE Chronology of the Comm
Page 119 and 120: It is recommended however that due
Page 121 and 122: c. The PIC Coordinators are respons
Page 123 and 124: . If the original source owners or
Page 125 and 126: SECTION SIX - ABS-PIC FUND a. An
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIX THREE - List of Relevant W
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