BALTICA14 - KlaipÄdos universitetas

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Examples of the Research Potential at Inns Along Coastlines ULRICA SÖDERLIND KUTUONEN, M., 1993. Sjökrogar runt Stockholm. Stockholm University. MATTISON, H.L., 1994. Koffsan och andra sjökrogar längs segelleden Stockholm-Stäket. Stockholm University. SöDERLIND, U., 1999. Vad serverades på sjökrogen vid Koffsan? Stockholm University. VIRGIN, K., 1997. Sjökrogar och sjögästgiverier i Stockholms skärgård mellan Arholma och Landsort under perioden 1650-1850. Stockholm University. VIRGIN, K., 1998. Maritima mötesplatser- om gamla skärgårdskrogars arkeologiska kunskapspotenial. Södertörn University. Literature GUSTAFSSON, J:R.L., 1975. Järfällaboken. Stockholm. MAGNUS, O., 1975. Historia om de nordiska folken, första till femte boken (reprint). östervål: Gidlunds förlag. PAPP, D., 1977. Åländsk allmogeseglation. Lund: Rabén & Sjögren. Planeringsrådet: Museibyrån, 1980. Fornminnesinventering, Lemland, Lumparland. Mariehamn. RUDBECK, J., 1933. Svenska postverkets fartyg och sjöpostförbindelser under trehundra år. Stockholm. SöDERLIND, U., 2007. What was served at the Koffsan inn during the 18 th century? In: U. FRANSSON, ed, Cultural interaction between east and west: archaeology, artefacts and human contacts in northern Europe. Stockholm: Stockholm Studies in Archaeology. SöDERLIND, U., 2008. På krogen med Linné. Stockholm: Grenadine förlag. SöDERLIND, U., TSKVITINIDZE, N., 2009. Sjökrogar i allmänhet och sjökrogen vid Rödhamn i synnerhet. Skärgård 1/2009, Åbo. Nuo kada ir kiek ilgai egzistavo smuklės Skandinavijos pakrantėse prie Baltijos jūros, sužinome iš istorinių šaltinių. Pirmų užuominų apie smukles aptinkame XVI a. kartografo, istoriko ir katalikų arkivyskupo Olaus Magnus darbuose. Istorikas teigia, kad pajūrio smuklės Vokietijoje buvo žinomos jau XIII a. Pasak jo, pirmosios smuklės buvo statomos ant ledo ir buvo naudojamos iki pavasario. Vėliau smuklės buvo statomos jūros pakrantėse ir veikė ištisus metus. Šiame straipsnyje aprašomi dviejų smuklių archeologiniai tyrimai: Koffsan vietovėje, Švedijos teritorijoje, ir Alandų saloje (Suomija). Koffsan smuklė (arba taverna) buvo pastatyta XVII a. Mälaren ežero saloje ir naudota iki XVII a. Ją 1731 m. aprašė švedų botanikas Carl von Linne. Ši užeiga archeologų buvo tyrinėta 1993 m. Pastatas buvo su krosnimi, turėjo kanalizaciją. Tyrimų metu aptikta stiklinių indų, keramikos, porceliano, monetų, žuvų ir gyvulių kaulų. Kita užeiga (taverna) buvo tyrinėta Rödhamn vietovėje, Alandų salose, Lemlando parapijoje. Ji egzistavo nuo XVII a. pirmosios pusės iki 1939 m. Taverna buvo tyrinėta 2005–2006 m. Tyrimų metu aptikta butelių, lėkščių, taurių ir daug keramikos. Tarp osteologinės medžiagos aptikta ruonių, jūros paukščių, galvijų, ožkos/avies, kiaulių kaulų. Įdomu, kad visi gyvūnai, naudoti maistui, buvo jauno amžiaus. Šie smuklių tyrimai rodo, kad to meto užeigų lankytojai įvairių kelionių metu buvo aprūpinami maistu ir nakvyne. Vertė Algirdas Girininkas Received: 6 September 2010; Revised 11 January 2011; Accepted: 28 December 2010 Ulrica Söderlind Department of Economic History, Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: ulrica.soderlind@ekohist.su.se PAJŪRIO SMUKLIŲ TYRIMŲ GALIMUMO PAVYZDŽIAI ULRICA SÖDERLIND 204 Santrauka
REUSING A LOG-BARRIER EMBANKMENT AT THE SUOMENLINNA SEA FORTRESS ISLANDS MINNA LEINO Abstract It has always been technically and economically challenging to build constructions on a shoreline. For that reason, those constructions can be used and maintained for a long time, and today contain interesting archaeological information. Despite this, at the time of carrying out repairs, archaeologists are not usually consulted, and the history of a construction is seen as unimportant. However, with this case study of a log-barrier embankment from the early 20th-century Suomenlinna fortress, a new approach is available, challenging the way archaeologists collect data. The data collected from the site can be used together with the archaeological interpretation to aid in the plan for the reuse of the site. Key words: maritime archaeology, underwater archaeology, Baltic Sea, Suomenlinna, Sveaborg, reuse, embankment. ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 14 Introduction Sveaborg, the Sea Fortress in front of Helsinki, was founded in 1747. Today it is called Suomenlinna, and it is a Unesco World Heritage Site and receives 700,000 visitors every year, making it one of the most important cultural heritage sites in Finland. Suomenlinna is a state-owned area, managed by the Ministry of Education and Culture. The Governing Body of Suomenlinna is the agency that manages, restores and maintains the fortress. Maintaining a fortress on a group of islands is not an easy task. For this reason, the Governing Body has started to take into consideration the potential of underwater archaeology to provide new insights into maintaining and reusing the constructions which are still in use. The increasing interest in marine archaeology has heightened the need to evaluate the process of archaeological documentation, and to choose what can be understood as an important site. This article presents the first project in Finland on a shoreline where archaeological documentation was carried out on a construction which was still partly in use. This construction is a log-barrier embankment, and its context presents certain challenges to the collection of archaeological evidence. Together with archaeological interpretations, the documentation material can be used as a practical tool for architects making a plan for the reuse of physical remains. Usually archaeological excavations destroy the physical remains; but this article shows how archaeological methods and interpretations can be used in the systemic context, where the site remains in use as a reused construction. The historical background of the dockyard Suomenlinna has had several functions, but its main focus has been to serve as a naval base and a dockyard. The main dockyard is the dry dock, located on the island of Susisaari, one of the main islands. This dry dock is still a home port for historically important vessels (Matikka 2008, p.23). The dockyard area has gone through several phases of rebuilding since it was established in 1750. The dry dock used to form the central area of the fortification, and it has a rich history connected to the strategic situation of the Baltic Sea area. The focus of this article is, however, the end of the Russian period in the 1910s, when the islands had a large population of over 6,000 men (Gardberg, Palsila 1998, p.136). Suomenlinna was serving the Russian Baltic Fleet, and the dockyard was called ‘the Admiral Essen dockyard’, after a former commander of the Baltic Fleet in the Russian army (Rosén 2008, p.19; 2007, pp.8-15). More precisely, this article deals with the very last year of the Russian era, 1917 to 1918. This period includes the February Revolution, the October Revolution and the Finnish Declaration of Independence on 6 December 1917. All this political activity influenced the decision-making and the formation of archives at the time, creating a shortage of sources for historical study. The history of the construction of the dry dock was published in the 1950s by Lars Petterson (1953) in his series of general articles on the Suomenlinna dockyard. The plan for building a completely new basin was only referred to by Petterson as an unfinished plan (Petterson 1953, p.3). What we have left from the process of building a new dockyard basin today are the physical remains, two log-barrier embankments. They are IV PREHISTORIC LANDSCAPES ON THE COAST 205
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ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA14 UNdErWaTEr A
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UdK 902/904 ar 46 Editorial Board E
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IV. PREHISTORIC LANDSCAPES ON THE C
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AlgirdAs girininkAs ELENA PRANCKĖN
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I. A PIONEER OF UNDERWATER ARCHAEOL
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tions between the Curonians and the
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ArCHAEoLogIA BALtICA 14 I Aboard an
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in other places in Lithuania, we as
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1982 Fachverkinių XVI a. pastatų
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Palangos Birutės kalno senosios gy
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Valentinas Sedovas, Archaeologia Li
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1989 Įkurta Lietuvos archeologijos
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SHIPWRECKS OFF THE COAST OF LITHUAN
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Shipwrecks off the Coast of Lithuan
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VLADAS ŽULKUS Shipwrecks off the C
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VLADAS ŽULKUS Shipwrecks off the C
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ANDREY MAZURKEVICH, EKATERINA DOLBU
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The Results of Underwater Excavatio
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Freshwater Archaeology in Lithuania
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ELENA PRANCKĖNAITĖ Freshwater Arc
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Between Clinker and Carvel: Aspects
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NIKLAS ERIKSSON Between Clinker and
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ROKAS KRANIAUSKAS The Rašia Boat:
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The Rašia Boat: from Log-Boat to B
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Andrzej KolA The Early medieval bri
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Andrzej KolA The Early medieval bri
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The Early medieval bridges at Ostro
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The Early medieval bridges at Ostro
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III. WETLAND ARCHAEOLOGY ARCHAEOLOG
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ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 14 III WETLAND
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Corded Ware cultures were involved
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Rhomboid-like artefacts have one gr
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Group 7. Fine items of a square-lik
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References CHARNIAUSKI M. M, CHARNI
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ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 14 Fig. 1. Pil
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greater depth, the argil was solid,
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ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 14 Fig. 6. The
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ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 14 Fig. 11. Th
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up to 40 years old make up 62% to 8
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Fluctuations in the water level at
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Medienos rūšims identifikuoti buv
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Fig. 2. Details of discoveries of 1
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this, see Tamla 1995, p.103ff, Fig.
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jorai burial ground, at least at th
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ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 14 Fig. 7. Spe
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ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 14 Fig. 9. A b
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are found more often in bog offerin
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