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PART I — GLOBAL OveRvIeW Syrian rebels take position in a classroom at an empty school to observe the movement of regime forces nearby in the Bustan al-Basha district in the northern city of Aleppo on 26 October 2012. © 2012 PHILIPPE DESMAZES/AFP/Getty Images 50
EDUCATION UNDER ATTACK 2014 Military use of schools and universities Military use of school and university facilities was reported in at least 24 of the 30 countries profiled during the 2009- 2013 period: Afghanistan, CAR, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire, DRC, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iraq, Indonesia, Israel/Palestine, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Myanmar, Pakistan, the Philippines, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Thailand, Yemen and Zimbabwe. Education buildings were used as barracks to house soldiers/fighters, bases to mount security operations, fighting positions, prisons or detention centres, interrogation centres, torture centres, training grounds for soldiers and places to store weapons. Schools were also used to indoctrinate, recruit and train students. The forces using the schools included armed groups, paramilitaries, armed forces, police forces and international forces – the UN recorded five incidents of school occupation by international military forces in Afghanistan in 2010, for instance. 66 The country with by far the most reported incidents in 2009- 2012 was Syria where military use arising from the conflict spiked in 2011-2012. Although it does not specify exact figures, the UN reported numerous incidents of government forces using schools as temporary bases or detention centres and there were allegations that the Free Syrian Army used schools in a number of areas as bases and as places to store ammunition during this period. Furthermore, the Syrian Network for Human Rights alleged in mid-January 2013 that government forces had used approximately 1,000 schools as detention and torture centres and used schools to house security and intelligence personnel or as positions from which to shell the surrounding area. Across the 14 other countries with the highest incidence of military use in 2009- 2012 – Afghanistan, CAR, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire, DRC, India, Libya, Mali, Pakistan, the Philippines, Somalia, South Sudan, Thailand and Yemen – a total of 923 schools and universities were reported as being used for military purposes. 67 In Libya, 221 schools were used by armed groups during the 2011 uprising,according to a UN respondent, 68 and at least one school was used to detain hundreds of prisoners. 69 In India in 2010, more than 129 51
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eNDNOTeS 1 Malala Yousafzai with Ch
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eNDNOTeS where the government (unde
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eNDNOTeS 137 For a more in-depth di
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eNDNOTeS Cluster, October 2012), 4-
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eNDNOTeS 272 In September 1986, the
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eNDNOTeS 329 For instance, the Scho
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eNDNOTeS 404 UNSC, Children and Arm
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eNDNOTeS 484 Ibid. 485 Ibid., 359-3
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eNDNOTeS 568 Defensoría Del Pueblo
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eNDNOTeS Conflict: Report of the Se
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eNDNOTeS 736 HRW, Sabotaged Schooli
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eNDNOTeS 809 Farnaz Fassihi, “Reg
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eNDNOTeS rate attacks in Iraq,” X
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eNDNOTeS 1294 Ibid. 1295 The World
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eNDNOTeS pre-independence and South
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eNDNOTeS spark Arab Spring-style pr
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eNDNOTeS 1572 UNSC, Children and Ar
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eNDNOTeS Aslan Amani, “Turkey’s
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eNDNOTeS 1737 “Yemen: Rebel Occup
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OTHeR GCPeA PUBLICATIONS All GCPEA
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