Immigration Shaping America - Population Reference Bureau

60. U.S. Commission for the Study of International Migration and Cooperative Economic
Development, “Unauthorized Migration: An Economic Development Response” (Washington,
DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990): xv.
61. Philip L. Martin, Trade and Migration: NAFTA and Agriculture (Washington, DC: Institute for
International Economics, 1993).
62. Bob Deans, “President Bush’s First State Dinner: Fox Applies Heat on Migrant Issue,”
Atlanta Journal and Constitution, Sept. 6, 2001.
63. Elizabeth Bumiller, “Two Presidential Pals, Until 9/11 Intervened,” The New York Times,
March 3, 2003.
64. “Naturalization Controversy,” Migration News 3, no. 10 (October 1996).
65. Louis DeSipio, Counting on the Latino Vote: Latinos as a New Electorate (Charlottesville, VA:
University of Virginia Press, 1996).
66. Frederick Jackson Turner, The Frontier in American History (New York: Henry Holt, 1920):
22-23.
67. George Washington, “Address to the Members of the Volunteer Association and Other
Inhabitants of the Kingdom of Ireland Who Have Lately Arrived in the City of New York”
(Dec. 2, 1783), accessed online at www.pbs.org/georgewashington/collection/
other_1788dec2.html, on May 13, 2003.
68. E. Digby Baltzell, The Protestant Establishment: Aristocracy and Caste in America (New York: Vintage
Books, 1964): 30.
69. Robert Bach, Changing Relations: Newcomers and Established Residents in U.S. Communities (New
York: The Ford Foundation, 1992): 49.
70. Only 35 percent of the 75 million Americans in 1900 lived in urban areas. The small communities
where most Americans lived in the early 1900s could be homogeneous even as the
country as a whole was becoming more diverse. Immigrants and Americans interacted in a
common “new land”—cities. Thomas Archdeacon, “Reflections on Immigration to Europe
in Light of U.S. Immigration History,” International Migration Review 26, no. 2 (1992): 525-
48.
71. U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform, “Becoming an American: Immigration & Immigrant
Policy” (1997), accessed online at http://migration.ucdavis.edu/mn/cir/97Report1/
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72. François Grosjean Life with Two Languages: An Introduction to Bilingualism (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1982): chapter 2.
73. Calvin Veltmann, The Future of the Spanish Language in the United States (Washington, DC and
New York: Hispanic Policy Development Project, 1988): chapter 8.
74. Alejandro Portes and Richard Schauffler, “Language and the Second Generation: Bilingualism
Yesterday and Today,” in The New Second Generation, ed. Alejandro Portes (New York:
Russell Sage Foundation, 1996): 8-29.
75. Rodolfo O. de la Garza et al., Latino Voices (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992): 42.
76. Portes and Schauffler, “Language and the Second Generation”: 8-29.
77. Joseph R. Meisenheimer II, “How Do Immigrants Fare in the U.S. Labor Market?” Monthly
Labor Review 115, no. 12 (1992): 17; and Barry Chiswick and Paul Miller, “Language in the
Immigrant Labor Market,” in Immigration, Language and Ethnicity: Canada and the U.S., ed.
Barry Chiswick (Washington, DC: The AEI Press, 1992): 277.
78. de la Garza et al., Latino Voices: 98.
79. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of
Data, “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey” (2000-2001), and “Local
Education Agency Universe Survey” (2000-2001), accessed online at http://nces.ed.gov/
pubs2002/overview/xls/table10.xls, on Jan. 26, 2003.
80. National Research Council, Improving Schooling for Language-Minority Children: A Research
Agenda (Washington, DC: Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,
1997).
81. Nanette Asimov, “English-Only Students Do Better on State Test,” San Francisco Chronicle,
March 26, 2003.
82. “Massachusetts on Right Track With English Immersion, Results in California Are Encouraging,
Says U.S. ENGLISH,” U.S. Newswire, May 5, 2003; and Jim Boulet Jr., “Win Some,
Lose Some,” National Review Online, Nov. 7, 2002.
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