1 Expanded version April 2013 - Unesco

Expanded version 

April 2013 

1

Annual progress report 

Comments and visa by the Director of the Division: 

Work is progressing according to project objectives, with learning and improvement along the way. The 

stations in the seven countries are being strengthened, and the experience is being monitored and 

analysed. Overall, the project is characterised by a strongly participatory methodology, and is en route to 

becoming a model that could be considered for adaptation elsewhere in Africa and developing countries 

on other continents. 

Project title 

Empowering Local Radios with ICTs 

Target country or region 

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia 

UNESCO budget code and donor reference if appropriate 

Project 503RAF5000 

Funding source 

Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) 

Total budget approved 

SEK 30,000,000 

Reporting period 

March 2012- February 2013 

Executing agency 

UNESCO 

Implementing partners 

In line with UNDAF exercises in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Lesotho, Namibia and South 

Africa; with UNDAP in Tanzania. 

Project starting date 

15/03/2012 

Project completion date 

31/12/2014 

Responsible sector 

CI/FEM/MAS 

Name of person completing report 

Mirta Lourenço, Chief CI/FEM/MAS 

3

Correspondent interviewing in Mtegani Radio, Tanzania - © UNESCO / Jonathas Mello 

I. Summary and Background 

The project 503RAF5000 “Empowering Local Radios with ICTs” succeeded in carrying out all the 

proposed activities for its first year, and results can already be noted among beneficiaries in the 

targeted countries – Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, 

Tanzania and Zambia. Issues of local public concern to poor people, especially women and girls, 

are now being taken into account in radio programming and broadcasting. For radio staff and 

correspondents, to learn, develop and discuss themes such as gender equality and radio skills is 

being praised as an unprecedented opportunity to change the way in which media professionals 

interact with the community. 

As foreseen in the project workplan, the activities of this year focused on establishing the 

foundations for the project as a whole and preparing the basics for future self-reliance: creating 

knowledge about the communities’ concerns and priorities, discerning each radio stations’ output 

capacity; identifying African expertise; building partnerships for studies and training; and launching 

the capacity-building programme. From this initial stage, much was learned about particular ways 

5

of implementation in the concerned communities; creating specific knowledge that will facilitate 

the implementation in the years to come. 

The monitoring strategy developed during the current year constituted an essential activity to track 

progress towards results. It targets both listeners and radio stations and, most importantly, 

involved local radio stations themselves for them to internalise the habit of seeking feedback. A 

primary evaluation by Field Officers suggests that there is an ongoing change of mindsets, 

especially on gender equality issues and on the role of local radios as social service providers. 

Correspondents’ role in local radios is of paramount importance for the achievement of results. To 

select and maintain a fruitful network of correspondents – avoiding high turnover – trainings were 

conducted both with the correspondents as well as with the radio station staff. The radio stations 

managers’ capacity for engaging and motivating current and new correspondents was assessed 

and improved. Outputs were created, such as contract models for volunteers and policies to 

recruit and motivate a correspondent network. 

The main challenges during the period under consideration related to identifying and working with 

quality local partners, availability of technical infrastructure in some radio stations, and dealing 

with unforeseen situations, produced by external factors, such as security concerns and staff 

incapacitation. Such issues are explored in the following report on item II with the corresponding 

actions taken and considerations for follow-up and improvement. 

For the sake of the project’s sustainability and further transition strategy, the focus to date has 

been on knowledge sharing and building capacity to manage processes, as opposed to simply 

concentrating on accomplishing actions. Efforts in this area included relying on the effective 

participation of the radio staff. By the time the project draws closer to its end point, the radio 

stations will have built the capacities to continue or replicate these actions, even without external 

assistance and outside of the project’s life span. 

Networking among radio staff proved to be an efficient way to stimulate discussion and improve 

learning. This aspect is being considered for training and building the envisaged online community 

of practice. A public visibility strategy is being implemented, integrating online actions and public 

relations interventions, and aimed at raising the project’s profile among governments, universities, 

research organizations, NGO’s and private companies. 

6

Workshop in South Africa: Programming, Editorial and ICTs skills - © UNESCO / Eric Miller 

II. 

Description of project implementation for the period under review 

The main goal for the initial period of implementation was the creation of knowledge about the 

radio stations’ communities and about elements necessary to effectively address their concerns 

through radio broadcasts. The outputs and activities were guided towards producing capabilities 

that can be sustained by the radio stations. 

Activities increased knowledge on the audience and the specific topics that the local listeners 

considered of public interest – in other words, identifying where radio stations could address the 

lack of access to information. Knowledge was also created on the use of ICTs for radio 

broadcasts and operations, including gender-sensitive reporting, as well as work through a local 

correspondent network, entrepreneurship and income generation. Such information gathered by 

UNESCO through national universities and research organizations (annex vi), is being intensively 

used for decision-making and project monitoring. 

More specifically, baseline surveys and studies were produced mapping the issues of local public 

concern in three areas (annex iii). The studies also revealed qualitative and quantitative data on 

7

the radio stations’ programming performance and the audiences’ perception. Final reports with 

detailed information per country and radio station are available for project staff and SIDA’s perusal 

through an online repository to ensure quality information and to share best practices among 

countries. 

The project identifies and embraces specific characteristics from each community. For example, in 

Democratic Republic of the Congo, interesting findings were revealed relating audiences’ 

preferred languages to respondents’ characteristics. Languages like Kikongo and Lingala are 

preferred by youth and people without formal education, while French is preferred by respondents 

with university background. The Namibian radio station Base FM broadcasts most of its 

programmes in English; however the audience assessment has revealed that 70% of listeners 

prefer Oshiwambo. This kind of information created knowledge in the radio station for choosing 

the best language to reach poor people with and providing them access to the public debate. 

The studies contributed to a better understanding of the communities and their relations to their 

radio stations. Reports were furthermore produced for each participating radio station on the 

criteria for choice, and the possible incentive schemes for correspondents. Based on the related 

survey, radio station managers defined strategies to provide incentives according to the station’s 

means and the correspondents’ skills and workload. Incentives for correspondents include 

providing short-term trainings, cash compensation, equipment, meeting room for editorial work, 

allowances for lunch, transportation and mobile phone credit. 

Monitoring was designed once the findings from surveys were analysed, identifying the most 

relevant indicators to be followed. The initial round of monitoring mapped the situation before 

project start, thereby creating a base to measure change throughout implementation. As 

expected, radio stations lack capacities in the areas tackled by the project: gender equality, ICT 

skills, news quality, correspondents’ networks and entrepreneurship. However, different training 

starting points were indicated for each radio station. Monitoring was therefore put in place 

together with radio stations’ staff and is being continuously carried out according to radio stations’ 

specific challenges and goals. Throughout 2013, this activity will gather time-sensitive data, 

providing both radio stations and UNESCO, with the means to assess the project’s impact and 

measure change in the beneficiaries, in particular amongst poor women and girls. 

The planned workshops for this year were carried out for a total of 672 participants, including 279 

women in: editorial, programming and monitoring matters, including radio formats and gender 

focus; use of Internet to report on three selected areas; role of correspondents to feed local news 

and collect testimonies; news desks’ work with correspondents for interviewing and reporting; and, 

entrepreneurship and income generation. Feedback received from the workshops was very 

8

positive in every country, including that from Ms. Hadija Hassan (Kahama FM, Tanzania): “The 

workshops have given me courage to engage into more serious radio programmes, in the past I 

was only involved in presenting music programmes”. More importantly, evidence of change after 

workshops is being observed and followed by weekly monitoring. For example, changes in 

broadcasting schedules and increased time allocation for programmes covering issues of local 

concern and gender in Zambia and DRC; establishment of policies and contracts for 

correspondents in South Africa, Lesotho, Zambia and Tanzania; experience-sharing through 

social media and mailing lists in Namibia and Tanzania; audience SMS polling in DRC; higher 

quality content received from correspondents; and replacement of proprietary software by FOSS. 

More details are provided in the Summary table, section III of this report. 

Headquarters staff created high level management tools, namely the LogFrame and Results 

Based Matrix, to delineate the project structure and assess the project implementation in different 

levels. Having these in sight has helped to make more explicit the interdependence between the 

several components of the project and analyse how they contribute to the achievement of results 

and main objectives. 

Among a myriad of Free and Open Source Software options, the ones useful for the scenarios 

and challenges faced by radio stations were identified, chosen and analysed. A report was done 

in light of information quality 1 criteria, providing these analyses to trainers, Field Officers and other 

stakeholders (annex v). A dialogue with some of the ICT development organizations was 

established at the point of the production of this study, and this intervention aroused their interest 

and collaboration with the project. The result is selected ICTs which are aimed to improve editorial 

work, radio programming, broadcasting, audio editing, engaging audiences and financial 

management. Field Officers and trainers chose and added to the workshops’ content the most 

appropriate software, taking into account the radio station’s technical infrastructure and ICT 

literacy, based on previous assessment and surveys. While in some radio stations the goal was to 

introduce basic Internet skills, other radio stations were able to implement more complex ICTs like 

SMS polling or automated call-ins. Examples of ICTs introduced by the project activities include 

Frontline SMS, Freedom Fone, Crowdmap, Mxit, Airtime, GRINS, Audacity, Libre Office, 

SoothERP, OpenDocMan, and MyoB. For more details, please see annexes iv and v. 

Concerning unforeseen situations faced, the project team exhibited quick reaction skills and a 

capacity to lower or eliminate risks. In June 2012, one UNESCO Field Officer was urgently 

evacuated for medical reasons and was forced to remain out of office for more than two months. 

UNESCO Headquarters’ staff immediately took over and, as far as possible, remotely carried out 

1 EPPLER, Martin J. Managing Information Quality: Increasing the Value of Information in Knowledge-Intensive 

Products and Processes. Springer, 2003. 

9

his project-related tasks during this period of time. To cover any issue that needed attention in 

loco, a UNESCO Field Officer in the region flew in to take necessary action, including finalising 

contracts and supervising the implementation of activities. 

Due to security issues in Democratic Republic of the Congo, a vast country nearly as big as 

Europe, in 2012 the UN system issued many restrictions about transportation which could have 

negatively impacted the effective supervision and monitoring of the activities. It is forbidden to fly 

with local airline companies and mission by road is only possible through a MOSS 2 compliant 

vehicle. Therefore, the UNESCO/Kinshasa Office graciously let the Sida-funded project use the 

one MOSS-compliant vehicle available, which actually was acquired for another project under 

implementation. 

Summing up, problems encountered in project delivery were promptly identified, working 

modalities were adjusted and the project was thus never disrupted. 

On the infrastructure aspect, corrective measures had to be taken to offer some radio stations the 

opportunity to receive and carry out ICT training. Studies on feasibility revealed that in some 

radios there is significant lack of basic hardware and connectivity: faulty computers and 

transmitters, lack of Internet connection, mobiles and credit for airtime, and even unreliable 

electrical supply. It was necessary for the project to mitigate or circumvent these hurdles. 

2 MOSS: Minimum Operation Security Standard 

10

Ruth Nankamba interviews Bertha Nachilongo from Katonga village, Zambia - © UNESCO / Stephen Mukobeko 

III. 

Progress towards results 

Partial achievements of the high-level results (Main Line of Action 2 for the Programme V of the 

UNESCO Document 36 C/5 3 ) can already be mentioned. The project is contributing to media 

pluralism in the participating countries by strengthening local radio stations. Not only is work now 

in progress towards the role of radio stations in improving access to information, but the project is 

also strengthening a pro-poor approach in local media and gender-responsive communication for 

development. 

Surveys identified subjects concerning poor women and girls, such as teenage pregnancy, child 

mortality during delivery, domestic violence, child abuse, human trafficking, women financial 

empowerment and women leadership. For example, in Tanzania, the gender assessment done at 

the project start with audience revealed that 89% of the respondents said radio programmes did 

not provide information for women. At the same time, 73% of the respondents believed there 

should be radio programmes dedicated to women’s issues. Investigating which subjects should be 

3 Global Priority Africa. Global Priority Gender. Strengthening free, independent and pluralistic media. 

11

covered by such programmes, the audience ranked as first “education on various issues, such as 

entrepreneurship” (23%), followed by “equal rights in education, ownership of land and gender 

balance” (19%) and “women’s issues and empowerment” (15%). 

The decision to prioritize African local capacities to undertake most of the activities proved to be 

extremely valuable for building identity, trust and relationships in the concerned countries. This 

effort has been highlighted by the radio stations in the workshops evaluation and feedback, which 

are very appreciative of creating lasting partnerships with local trainers, associations, NGOs and 

academic institutions. Please see annex vi. 

Local partners and contractors received close follow-up and assessment from UNESCO’s staff. 

With such backstopping, they strengthened their capacity to achieve strong results again in the 

future and became indirect beneficiaries of this project. 

One of the main contributions of the project at this stage is that it has allowed radio stations to 

strengthen the link with the community they serve and facilitate civic participation communication. 

Women’s issues have been reinforced and brought to attention of radio stations’ staff. The studies 

and monitoring activities are revealing the situation for women in the concerned communities and 

making their voices heard. 

Regarding financial sustainability, initial assessments revealed that the majority of the radio 

stations concerned possessed neither the knowledge nor the tools to manage their financial 

information. The radio stations’ feedback on their financial situation for 2013 also revealed that the 

majority hold a negative outlook, as evidenced by the chart below created with data before the 

project activities’ commencement. 

Chart: Self-assessment of financial situation of radio stations in 2013 

From 1 (critical) to 7 (comfortable) 

12

Through training, improvements were made and put in practice, bringing concrete results such as 

opening bank accounts for the first time; creation of correspondents’ contracts; increase in 

number of advertisers; and use of email and mobile marketing. In Democratic Republic of the 

Congo, as an example, despite using a computer in several activities, there was no backup or 

archiving system, which turned the radio station management into an unnecessarily intricate task. 

This issue was tackled through ICT training and adoption of Free and Open Software solutions as 

SoothERP for financial and resource management and OpenDocMan for digital documents 

management. 

The identification, training and networking of correspondents in the radio stations has been 

enabling an expansion of the news coverage area with local and relevant content. For example, in 

Democratic Republic of Congo, the radio stations did not have any correspondent, but through the 

project’s activities, it was established an active network of 47 new correspondents. The 

identification and establishment of incentive schemes for correspondents secured the 

improvement of a correspondents’ network, which has contributed to transforming local radios into 

a pluralistic media that better represents the full community within the signal coverage area. For 

example, in Kenya, Mwanedo Radio developed an employment letter for volunteers and contacted 

journalism education institutions in Voi and Mombasa to increase the number of volunteers. In 

Zambia, only Breeze FM had a policy for contracting correspondents. Throughout the trainings 

provided, Breeze FM performed a key role, sharing its best practices with the other four radio 

stations, which have now established their own policies and started to contract correspondents. 

Trainings enhanced the capacity of 268 correspondents, including 103 women. It was the first 

time Tanzania’s local radios had a training aimed at correspondents, since previous projects 

targeted journalists only. Members of the community such as students, farmers, small traders and 

teachers acquired reporting and ICT skills to interact and work with radio stations, thus becoming 

correspondents. It reinforced the potential for local radios to be social service providers for a large 

part of the community, including women and youth. In line with this, Godefroid Pindi, manager 

from Kimvuka na Lutondo (DRC), said “The actual network of correspondents is reinforcing the 

status of the radio station as a station of proximity”. In this way, a radio station gives a voice to 

local populations, particularly the marginalized groups, while also providing them with access to 

relevant information. Quantitative data on the progress of indicators is being gathered by the 

ongoing activity of weekly monitoring, and shall be assessed throughout 2013. 

Youth is the largest and fastest growing population segment in developing countries. Under the 

framework of project 503RAF5000, "Empowering local radios with ICTs", UNESCO is creating the 

conditions in the 32 local radio stations to work towards sustained involvement of youth from 10 to 

18 years old in their broadcasts, in particular poor girls and young women. A Youth Radio Toolkit 

13

is being created to give the local radio stations the knowledge, tools, and skills to get young 

people involved in producing radio at the local level. It aims to strengthen radio reporting and 

production skills with their active participation and to provide tips to facilitate creative spaces 

where they can work productively. 

The Toolkit is an open educational material, produced in English, French, and Swahili, which will 

enable the local radio stations to employ innovative, interactive, and creative resources to produce 

youth radio programmes, and broadcast them. It will allow radio stations to conceptualize working 

with youth, design a working framework, set up youth programmes and host radio shows at their 

stations as well as carry out self-training through a series of easy-to-use modules. 

The Toolkit will also be enhanced on a media-enabled and mobile-friendly webpage at the 

project’s website, and will also be available for printing and mailing to radio stations of other 

geographical regions. It includes: 

• Production and broadcast ideas: tips for youth hosting call-in programs, conducting 

interviews with community members, and ways to structure thematically-centered 

broadcasts; 

• Longer-term youth audio projects: audio diary projects, producing topic-centered or 

community-centered programs from a historical perspective; 

• Outside broadcast suggestions: ideas for organizing a community-based event, engaging 

schools and community organizations, hosting debates, and including diverse 

stakeholders; 

• Documenting community-based events: utilizing online audio channels (such as 

Soundcloud) where radio stations can upload their content for other stations to listen to, 

broadcast, and share; 

• Collaboration with other radio stations: suggestions for building mechanisms of 

collaboration across radio stations, including mainstream media; 

• Coordinating radio activities: suggestions for working with youth, and ensuring they are 

the drivers of the radio stations' initiative; 

• Creating a calendar: planning production schedules to make sure all activities have a 

realistic timeline for production and broadcast; 

• Sample audios from each of the 32 radio stations. 

The Youth Radio Toolkit will be distributed to the 32 radio stations participating in project 

503RAF5000, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Kenya, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, 

Tanzania, and Zambia. It will also be distributed to partner radio stations across DRC, Ethiopia, 

Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia, AMARC, Plan International, and 

14

other organizations that partner with radio stations across Africa, UNESCO field offices, 

constituencies and partners. 

15

Summary table 4 

Overall goal of the project: Poor people, especially women and girls, 

have access to information on the issues that affect their lives as well as 

access to communication that facilitates their active participation in public 

debates on development issues, sharing knowledge and experience in 

areas of their own primary concern. 

Performance Indicators (PI) 

Expected 

Results 

and associated Target (T)/ 

Baselines (b) 

Achievement(s) 

Overall assessment: 

Is meeting objectives 

Outputs/deliverables 

contributing to expected 

results 

Programmed 

Attained 

Expected 

Result N° 1 

Local radios 

provide social 

service 

PI: 

Increase in 

radios’ plurality 

of sources 

T/b: 

Daily Use 

PI: 

Use of ICTs by 

local radios 

T/b: 

Know-how built 

up, including 

among women 

PI: 

Gender focus 

T/b: 

Promotes 

gender equality 

and puts it into 

practice 

In progress 

In progress 

In progress 

• Radio stations learned which 

issues in the community are 

of local public concern 

• All radio stations received 

training on Open Source 

Software skills and Internet 

to improve programming, 

editorial work, 

communication and 

interaction, broadcasting 

and delivery, financial 

planning and management. 

See annex iv 

• There is increased 

awareness of gender 

equality 

• Radios are aware of gender 

policies and role of local 

radios in promoting genderresponsive 

development. 

Further monitoring 5 will 

identify if the gender 

perspective is being put into 

practice on a regular basis 

• Report on the issues of local 

public concern in the 

community for each radio, 

empowering radios to 

produce and broadcast 

relevant content 

• Assessment of radios’ ICTs 

skills level and needs 

• Free and Open Source 

Software selected and 

applied 

• Surveys about: radio 

programming quality; 

listening habits of audience; 

and issues of local public 

concern in three areas of 

local public concern 

• Radio stations adjusted 

programming schedule to 

include or increase time 

allocated to programmes 

about women issues and 

• Monitoring was designed to 

report in gender-sensitive 

issues of local public 

concern 

ways 

4 As per the Expected Results described in the project document 

5 Activity I.2.4, Weekly monitoring of radio programmes, currently being carried out. Table attached, see annex vii. 

16


Expected 

Results 


Baselines (b) 

Programmed Attained 



contributing to 

expected results 

Expected 

Result N° 2 

Local radios 

handle news 

from a 

significant area 

of signal 

coverage 

PI: 

News input by 

a local 

correspondents 

network 

T/b: 

10% estimated 

increase in 

reported news 

PI: 

Broadcast 

testimonies 

and interviews 

T/b: 50% local 

testimonies 


in 

In progress 

In progress 

• Acquired knowledge on how 

to work with a correspondent 

network 

• Radios beginning to operate 

a network of correspondents 

that is providing news from 

different localities. Data will 

be gathered along 2013 by 

weekly monitoring activities. 

• Awareness-raised on 

correspondents’ role and 

interaction with the radio 

station 

• 331 correspondents (128 

women) trained on reporting 

and interviewing, including 

the use of ICTs 

• Radio stations are 

working with 

correspondents from 

broader geographic 

area 

• Radio stations 

established a policy to 

choose, maintain and 

motivate 


• Feasibility study on 

the choice of and 

incentive schemes for 


programmes. 

Women’s 

voices heard 

in 50% of local 

testimonies 


in programmes 

17


Expected 

Results 


Baselines (b) 

Programmed Attained 



contributing to expected 

results 

Expected 

Result N° 3 

Sustainable 

local radios 

PI: 

Projection of 

financial needs 

T/b: 

Realistic 2014 

budget 

Accurate, 

timely, 

comprehensive 

figures 

PI: 

Income 

Generation 

To be achieved 

by the end of 

2013 

In progress 

• Activities during the 

reported period were 

directed mostly at 

harmonizing financial 

management practices 

and suggesting simple 

habits to monitor the 

financial situation of the 

radio stations. 

• Free and Open Source 

Software for financial 

purposes is now being 

used in radio stations to 

manage cash flow and 

• Some radio stations are 

already using tools and 

techniques learned 

during workshops to 

monitor daily financial 

management 

• Some radios created 

bank accounts for the 

first time ever 

T/b: 

pay checks 

Numerous and 

varied 

income 

sources 

18

Young presenter interacting with audience by SMS in Radio Atlantis, South Africa. - © UNESCO / Eric Miller 

IV. 

Sustainability 

Ownership was promoted by designing and implementing the activities with constant 

involvement of the radio stations. This has ranged from defining the calendar of activities, 

choosing the dates and content of workshops, right through to the management of listeners’ 

feedback and knowledge generated following the workshops. It has enabled radio staff 

members to learn about the whole capacity-building process, as they not only benefit from 

the workshop’s content, but also from organizing the activities. As much as possible, trainers 

are professionals from the region, thus facilitating the contact after the training. 

Based on initial assessment, it has become increasingly evident that the concerned radio 

stations are very diverse in several aspects such as size, financial situation, number of 

correspondents and ICT literacy. Taking this into account, each radio station is being 

considered as a unique case with specific goals to attain. Differences among radio stations 

even allowed some radios to be trainers, like Breeze FM in Zambia, a radio with extensive 

experience and able to conduct workshops. 

19

A clear need was demonstrated to bring together radio staff from the various stations to 

exchange experiences, common challenges and good practices. In several training 

workshops, one of the highlights pointed out by participants was the opportunity to meet local 

radio professionals and carry out networking. Answering to this recurring request, in some 

countries training was sometimes conducted in clusters or through gathering radio stations 

from the nearby region. Such a modality of training was considered by trainers and UNESCO 

Field Officers as more effective than individual trainings. Combined workshops produced 

intense debate on common challenges faced and experience-sharing that lasted beyond the 

workshop period. 

The establishment of these inter-station relationships also offers enhanced means to achieve 

a sustainable series of results. The project is taking this into account when implementing an 

online community of practice that will extend the possibilities to more radio stations, aside 

from those participating in this particular project. 

With a view to the sustainability of the community of practice being developed and the online 

networking among radio stations, additional partnership was built with Farm Radio 

International, through the Barza Radio team. The existing social network 

(www.barzaradio.com) gathers more than 500 members discussing radio in Africa and 

exchanging resources and knowledge. Farm Radio International is currently developing a 

new and improved version of the platform to be launched, which prevented UNESCO from 

integrating the community of practice with Barza Radio at the outset. However, collaboration 

was established and benefits both ends: UNESCO is providing insights to Barza redevelopment 

and Farm Radio International on communities of practice. Farm Radio was 

involved in the choice and design of features, and usability requirements of the community of 

practice. Once launched, their role will be as motivators and moderators of the community 

along with UNESCO and other stakeholders. The technical possibility of integrating both 

platforms without affecting the developed features is under study. Such integration would 

strengthen both projects, since they share goals of improving radio through the 

empowerment and knowledge exchange between radio staff. Regarding content, the targeted 

integration would take advantage of the large existing database of users in Barza Radio and 

its repository of resources for local radios. 

In Tanzania, a partnership with Airtel mobile provider made possible the relocation of 

transmitters from Fadeco and Sengerema radio stations to a site with larger coverage and 

less downtime due to weather interference. 

20

V. Workplan 

The calendar of activities was developed following the general guidelines of the project 

document, but respecting each country’s pace of implementation. Therefore, each country 

established a calendar of activities according to the availability of the radio stations and 

trainers involved. 

A detailed workplan was elaborated at project start. This workplan was adhered to and 

adjusted where necessary, but all planned interventions for the year were achieved. Activities 

for the upcoming year are being planned and will take into account lessons learned from the 

first year. The forecast is positive. 

Budget expenditure follows the project’s workplan. As it can be seen in the attached 

“Financial Status Report as at 28 February 2013”, the first year’s disbursements concentrated 

in Results I and II, which encompassed preliminary activities, i.e. identification of radio needs, 

baseline surveys, feasibility studies, and training. 

21

Mafeteng Community Radio reporting from traditional ceremony of youth graduation, Lesotho - © UNESCO / Zeecom 

VI. 

Visibility 

As the main public visibility action for the first year, a website specially dedicated to the 

project was designed and produced, accessible online at https://en.unesco.org/radioict . It 

communicates the project goals, activities and outcomes, whilst also being used by local radio 

stations as a repository of documents, training materials (Open Educational Resources) and 

information resources. It was the first UNESCO project website developed using the FOSS 

platform Drupal 7, which is the same as the new UNESCO main website to be launched in the 

coming months. The website sections presents content about the project implementation and 

gathers information about the radio stations. In that way, the creation of an online identity of 

each radio station will be improved, taking advantage of multimedia resources as audio 

pieces, videos and pictures. 

The second online product being developed as part of the project’s activities is an innovative 

community of practice, specifically designed for networking, sharing and creating knowledge 

about local radios, available soon at www.mylocalradio.org and www.maradiolocale.org. 

22

MyLocalRadio.org was designed to integrate several tools and technologies aimed at 

facilitating collaboration and interactivity. It is free, easy to use and integrated with social 

media tools. Special attention was given to the use of mobiles for accessing Internet 6 , hence it 

features a version designed for feature phones with low-bandwidth connection. With this 

output, not only the participating radio stations of the project will benefit, but anyone interested 

in developing skills about local radio. As already mentioned in the item IV, the sustainability of 

such platform is being analysed in collaboration with Farm Radio International through Barza 

Radio, aiming a lasting result. 

The designed visibility strategy includes public relations interventions, aimed at promoting the 

project among governments, universities, research organizations, NGOs and private 

companies directly or indirectly related to the subjects tackled by the project. Details follow 

below. 

Work has begun to promote the project as a reference point on ICT for development, resulting 

in presentations at conferences and seminars, as well as response to inquiries about its 

replication in other regions. Examples are: 

• In October 2012, the project was described in a presentation to the Forum on Media 

Development in Berlin, Germany, http://forum-medien-entwicklung.de 

• In October 2012, the UNESCO team based at Headquarters and two of the 

participating radios were invited by Farm Radio International to attend a meeting and 

workshop in Arusha, Tanzania. Participants included representatives from FAO 7 , 

AMARC, Wikimedia Foundation Africa and several African radio station managers. 

Possible areas of cooperation, which will remain in place beyond the project’s life 

span, were outlined. Cross-cutting interests were identified and ways of cooperation 

were proposed. 

• In February 2013, the project team was invited to present a webinar organized by 

USAID on ICTs and Radio in Africa. On this occasion the project was presented to 

participants from US, Canada, Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, India and 

Indonesia. 

6 Trend in African media landscape (World Bank report “IC4D 2012: Maximizing Mobile”) 

7 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 

23

• Also in February 2013, the project was presented in the World Summit on the 

Information Society +10 Review Meeting, as part of the one-day workshop 

“Indigenous Peoples (IP) and UNESCO”. This workshop had the objective of 

assessing UNESCO’s work with IP and drafting a UNESCO Policy on Indigenous 

Peoples. The presentation covered indigenous media, and highlighted Radio 

Orkonerei, a pastoralist Maasai radio from Tanzania. This radio station is one of the 

32 radios participating in the project “Empowering Local Radios with ICTs”. 

• In line with the dynamic between ICTs and development, the German Development 

Institute (Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik, DIE) invited our team to present 

the project in the conference “ICTs in democracy promotion”. The conference will take 

place in Bonn, Germany, in April 2013. The DIE is a think tank for development 

policies, aiming to build bridges between theory and practice and work within 

international research networks. 

Whenever any promotional material, both offline and online, is produced, it features SIDA’s 

logo and a brief explanation of the nature of the funding. Also in audio interviews, SIDA 

funding is mentioned. Press releases and featured activities from the project are being 

uploaded in the project website, in the section “In the press” at 

https://en.unesco.org/radioict/press. 

24

Teenagers and kids listen to Mkushi radio at Kamwendo village, Zambia - © UNESCO / Stephen Mukobeko 

VII. Challenges, lessons learnt and modifications to the project that need the donor’s attention and 

approval where necessary 

Valuable learning has occurred, as set out below; there are no modifications being proposed 

to the donor. 

The 2012 studies carried out to understand the radio stations’ realities, as well as the practical 

experience, surfaced some challenges that need to be addressed in the future deployment of 

the project. The majority of the radio stations and Field Officers highlighted the need for basic 

infrastructure support regarding internet connection and hardware for radio producing and 

broadcasting. Efforts were made in this respect through partnerships with telecom companies 

and other organizations or companies. In the specific case of Tanzania, UNESCO’s Office in 

Dar es Salaam has raised funds through the United Nations Development Assistance plan 

and managed to purchase at least one netbook and one digital voice recorder per local radio. 

However, additional basic equipment is needed for the correspondents and other local radio 

practitioners to be able to put into practice what they have learned from the trainings. 

25

Volunteerism has historically been viewed in some contexts as providing a service or making 

a contribution to a non-profit organisation of choice, without any expectation of remuneration. 

This model however is not all true in low income environments where it is not always feasible 

for volunteers to operate without stipends or allowances. While most volunteers do not initially 

expect to receive remuneration for services offered and initially regard their contributions as a 

way to develop their own communities and/or to gain work experience, studies on the 

feasibility of local correspondents had shown that this is hardly sustainable. Alternatives 

pointed out from the surveys and trainings include the elaboration of a flexible set of incentive 

schemes for correspondents according to the radio station’s means. These can cover a mix of 

cash payments, airtime, mobile phones, recorders, availability of location for editorial work 

and other benefits as appropriate and affordable. These arrangements need to be defined in a 

clear policy taking into consideration the number of hours worked and skills level, and stations 

need support in this process. 

The need for training and educational material in local languages was highlighted in some of 

the workshops. In Mafeteng Community Radio, it was suggested to have resources in 

Sesotho, while in Tanzania most of the correspondents and local radio practitioners are more 

conversant in Kiswahili than in English. This caused difficulties, especially when Englishspeaking 

experts were involved in the training due to lack of Kiswahili-speaking trainers. The 

language problems have established the need to always provide a local trainer who can 

translate the training into Kiswahili. Taking this need into account, the Youth Radio Toolkit, 

which is still under production, will also be published in Kiswahili. 

26

Annexes 

i. Results Based Matrix 

ii. Logframe 

iii. Issues of public concern per radio 

iv. Report “Information and Communication Technologies” 

v. Suggested applications for weekly monitoring of radios 

vi. Partners for the implementation of activities 

vii. Weekly monitoring table 

viii. List of radio stations with contact details 

ix. UNESCO Offices implementing the project 

x. ICTs in use. Names and purposes 

xi. Progress towards output objectives 

xii. Detailed information per country and radio station 

27

Annex i – Annual progress report 503RAF5000 

Results Based Matrix for the project 503RAF5000 “Empowering Local Radios with ICTs” 

Impact: Strengthening free, independent and pluralistic media, civic participation and gender-responsive communication for sustainable development 

(UNESCO’s main line of action 2 for Programme V of the document 36 C/5 ) 

Outcome Objective: Poor people, especially women and girls, have access to information on the issues that affect their lives as well as access to communication 

that facilitates their active participation in public debates on development issues, sharing knowledge and experience in areas of their own primary concern 

Bridging 

objectives 

Radio staff use ICTs for improving programming, 

editorial work, communication and interaction, 

broadcasting and delivery, financial planning and 

management 

Radio staff have increased 

knowledge on reporting issues of 

local public concern 

Radio staff 

reports in 

gender 

sensitive 

ways* 

Efficient local correspondents network in place, providing the 

radio with plurality of sources and diversity of local news. Radio 

staff manages the correspondents network reporting issues 

from area of signal coverage 

Sustainable and financially 

independent local radio stations 

Output 

objectives 

Increased knowledge among radio staff about ICTs for 

improved programming, editorial work, 

communication and interaction, broadcasting and 

delivery, financial planning and management 

Increased knowledge 

among radio staff in 

editorial, programming and 

monitoring matters, 

humanitarian assistance 

and disaster relief 

information, and radio 

formats 

Increased 

knowledge 

among radio 

staff in 

reporting 

issues of 

local public 

concern 

Increased 

knowledge 

in gender 

sensitive 

reporting 

News fed in by 

correspondents from radio 

station signal coverage 

area 

Local 


are reporting 

issues of local 

public concern 

for the radio 

station 

Local correspondents have 

increased knowledge of 

networking, including ICTs 

Radio station’s staff has increased 

knowledge of entrepreneurship, incomegeneration 

and networking 

Activities 

Three workshops 

on the use of 

Internet to report 

on the three 

selected areas 

(I.2.1) 

Two workshops on 

a) management of 

daily contacts and 

b) mobile-friendly 

content production 

and use of related 

broadcasting 

software (I.2.2) 


on the use of ICTs 

in radio 

programming and 

diffusion (I.2.3) 

National forum of 

all sponsored 

radios on ICTs and 

sustainability 

(III.1.3) 


editorial, 

programming and 

monitoring 

matters, including 

radio formats and 

gender focus (I.1.5) 

Workshop covering 

humanitarian 

assistance and 

disaster relief 

information (I.1.7) 

Six workshops to 

raise capacities to 

produce radio 

programmes in 

three areas (I.1.6) 

Transversal theme 

in all workshops 

+ Two workshops 

on gender focus 

(I.1.5) 

Feasibility study on 

the choice of and 

incentive schemes 

for correspondents 

(II.1.1 - Activity for 

radio staff) 

Choice of local 



radio staff) 


the role of 



correspondents) 

Two workshops for 

news desks on 

work with 

correspondents’ 

network, including 

ICTs (II.1.4 - 

Activity for radio 

staff) 


the use of mobiles 

by correspondents 

for interviewing 

and reporting 


correspondents) 


on 

entrepreneurship 

and incomegeneration 

(III.1.1) 


on financial 

planning and 

management 

(III.1.2) 

National forum of 

all sponsored 

radios on ICTs and 

sustainability 

(III.1.3) 

* Elimination of stereotypes and promotion of multi-dimensional portrayal

Annex ii – Annual progress report 503RAF5000 

LogFrame: Project 503RAF5000 “Empowering Local Radios with ICTs” 

Intervention Logic / Narrative Summary Performance Indicators (programmed benchmark) Sources and Means of Verification / Supervision Assumptions / Risks 

Impact 

Strengthening free, independent and pluralistic media, civic participation and gender-responsive 

communication for sustainable development 

(UNESCO’s main line of action 2 for Programme V of the document 36 C/5 ) 

Outcome objective 

Poor people, especially women and girls, have access to information on the issues that affect their lives 

as well as access to communication that facilitates their active participation in public debates on 

development issues, sharing knowledge and experience in areas of their own primary concern 

Demonstrated linkages between UNESCO’s media development indicators and the development 

interventions on free, pluralistic and independent media; Impact of media on humanitarian action 

• Perceived social value of local radio by the community 

• Training opportunities to develop skills 

• Programme quality 

Project documents (reports, reviews, evaluations) indicating a discerning pro-poor 

approach to local media and high level of gender sensitivity on media development 

issues 

Two qualitative external evaluations (IV.1.2) 

Bilateral Review (IV.1.3) 

There are no factors that could undermine the 

relevance of the project 

Favorable regulations regarding local media 

Results 

I. Local radios able to provide social service 

I.a. Increase in radios’ plurality of sources (daily use) 

I.b. Use of ICTs by local radios (know-how built up, including among women) 

I.c. Gender focus (elimination of stereotypes and promotion of multi-dimensional portrayal) 

I.a. Contacts management 

I.b. Collection of information, means of dissemination, mobile reporting 

I.c. Analytical study on elimination of stereotypes and promotion of multidimensional 

portrayal in radio programmes 

Host countries’ commitment to the project (in 

terms of counterpart inputs, resources or 

collaboration) 

II. 

III. 

Increased geographical range of local radio news 

Sustainable local radios 

Bridging objectives 

II.a. News fed in by local correspondents network (10% estimated increase in reported news) 

II.b. Broadcast testimonies and interviews (50% local testimonies and interviews in programmes. 

Women’s voices heard) 

III.a. Projection of financial needs (realistic 2014 budget: accurate, timely, comprehensive figures) 

III.b. Income Generation (numerous and varied income sources) 

Output objectives 

II.a. News desks operating modes 

II.b. Analytical study 

III.a. Financial Plans 

III.b. Radios’ Financial Statements 

Radio staff committed to project objectives 

and activities 

Trained correspondents and radio staff 

maintained in the radio station 

1. Radio staff use ICTs for improving programming, editorial work, communication and interaction, 

broadcasting and delivery, financial planning and management 

2. Radio staff have increased knowledge on reporting issues of local public concern 

3. Radio staff reports in gender sensitive ways (elimination of stereotypes and promotion of multidimensional 

portrayal) 

4. Efficient local correspondents network in place, providing the radio with plurality of sources and 

diversity of local news. Radio staff manages the correspondents network reporting issues from area of 

signal coverage 

5. Sustainable and financially independent local radio stations 

1.1. Increased knowledge among radio staff about ICTs for improved programming, editorial work, 

communication and interaction, broadcasting and delivery, financial planning and management 

2.1. Increased knowledge among radio staff in editorial, programming and monitoring matters, 

humanitarian assistance and disaster relief information, and radio formats 

2.2. Increased knowledge among radio staff in reporting issues of local public concern 

3.1. Increased knowledge in gender sensitive reporting (elimination of stereotypes and promotion of 

multi-dimensional portrayal) 

4.1. News fed in by correspondents from radio station signal coverage area 

4.2. Local correspondents are reporting issues of local public concern for the radio station 

4.3. Local correspondents have increased knowledge of networking, including ICTs 

5.1. Radio station’s staff has increased knowledge of entrepreneurship, income-generation and 

networking 

Weekly monitoring of radio programmes (I.2.4) 

Benchmarks to achieve by countries (I.1.2, I.1.4) 

Activities 

Input/Resources 

Documentation of the beneficiaries and creation of a baseline 

• Identify radio needs (I.1.1) 

• Conduct baseline surveys on radio programming quality and listening habits of audience (I.1.2) 

• Survey issues of local public concern in three areas of local public concern (I.1.4) 

Journalism training 

• Two workshops on editorial, programming and monitoring matters, including radio formats and 

gender focus (I.1.5) 

• Six workshops to raise capacities to produce radio programmes in three areas (I.1.6) 

• Workshop covering humanitarian assistance and disaster relief information (I.1.7) 

ICT training as a support for radio broadcasting 

• Three workshops on the use of Internet to report on the three selected areas (I.2.1) 

• Two workshops on a) management of daily contacts and b) mobile-friendly content production and 

use of related broadcasting software (I.2.2) 

• Three workshops on the use of ICTs in radio programming and diffusion (I.2.3) 

• National forum of all sponsored radios on ICTs and sustainability (III.1.3) 

Establishing and improving local correspondent network 

• Feasibility study on the choice of and incentive schemes for correspondents (II.1.1) 

• Choice of local correspondents (II.1.2) 

• Two workshops on the role of correspondents (II.1.3) 

• Two workshops for news desks on work with correspondents’ network, including ICTs (II.1.4) 

• Two workshops on the use of mobiles by correspondents for interviewing and reporting (II.1.5) 

Strengthening local radios in terms of financial management 

• Three workshops on entrepreneurship and income-generation (III.1.1) 

• Three workshops on financial planning and management (III.1.2) 

• National forum of all sponsored radios on ICTs and sustainability (III.1.3) 

From UNESCO to support the project: 

Advisory services as data, information and knowledge required to enable radio stations to perform 

their duties 

Personnel: UNESCO Headquarters (CI/FEM/MAS), UNESCO/Dar-es-Salaam, UNESCO/Harare, 

UNESCO/Libreville, UNESCO/Nairobi, UNESCO/Windhoek; national staff; international staff; 

administrative support staff; consultants 

Partners so far: 

Democratic Republic of Congo: Target Agency, Université de Kinshasa, Institut Facultaire des 

Sciences de l’information et de la communication 

Kenya: Kenya Community Network, Kenya Telecentres 

Lesotho: Media Training Centre, Biz concepts, National University of Lesotho, Media Institute of 

Southern Africa (South Africa) 

Namibia: Namibia National Institute of Statistics, Namibia Polytechnic Media Studies Department, 

Vision Africa Research, Media Institute of Southern Africa (Namibia) 

South Africa: Media Training Centre, Media Monitoring Africa, Media Institute of Southern Africa 

(South Africa) 

Tanzania: Ecom Research group, selected radios will monitor the radio programmes 

Zambia: Chipata Radio Services, Zambia Institute for Mass Communication, Zambia’s Centre for 

Policy Dialogue, Panos Institute of Southern Africa, Zambia’s Open University 

Training: Operational costs; courses to be developed; Open Educational Resources 

Equipment: Equipment already available from UNESCO including vehicles, machinery, 

communication facilities, office equipment, expendable supplies; miscellaneous such as 

maintenance costs of vehicles and equipment 

From SIDA: 

Funds: SEK 30,000,000 

Country-level work plan and calendar of activities (I.1.3) 

Project Monitoring, Networking (IV.1.1) 

Resources allocated in time for 

implementation 

Activities successfully implemented by 

UNESCO Headquarters and Offices according 

to work plan 

Project 503RAF5000 Logframe was created based on World Bank LogFrame Methodology Handbook and Staffordshire University Logical Framework Case Study. An additional layer, “Bridging and output objectives”, was added according to SIDA/ Indevelop studies.

Annex iii – Annual progress report 503RAF5000 

Issues of local public concern by radio station 

This document presents 3 issues of local public concern from each of the following areas: health, 

agriculture and a third area of concern chosen by the radio station. 

The surveys revealed shared concerns among countries as: lack of information on prevention and 

treatment of HIV/AIDS, birth related risks for the mother and the baby, and lack of knowledge of efficient 

agricultural techniques or commercialization of products on markets. 

Regarding the third issue of concern, there was a wide diversity of subjects: women empowerment, 

hygiene/sanitation, education, environment, unemployment, social services, crime and corruption. 

Index: 

Democratic Republic of the Congo ............................................................................................. 2 

Kenya ........................................................................................................................................ 4 

Lesotho ...................................................................................................................................... 6 

Namibia...................................................................................................................................... 7 

South Africa ............................................................................................................................... 9 

Tanzania ...................................................................................................................................12 

Zambia ......................................................................................................................................16

2 

Democratic Republic of the Congo 

Radio Bangu 

Health 

1. Malaria prevention 

2. Mother-child health 

3. HIV/AIDS 

Agriculture 

1. Means of production 

2. Crops transfer to place of sale 

3. Marketing and Sales of products 

Environment 

1. Education for environment 

2. Caring for living space 

3. Preserving environment 

Radio Communautaire de Muanda 

Health 

1. HIV/AIDS 


3. Malaria 

Agriculture 



3. Marketing and sales of products 

Human rights and justice 

1. Civil rights 

2. Legal procedures 

3. Access to courts 

Radio Deogratias 

Health 

1. HIV/AIDS 

2. Malaria 

3. Mother-Child health

3 

Agriculture 




Environment 

1. Education for environment 

2. Hygiene 

3. Environment preservation 

Radio Kimvuka na Lutondo 

Health 

1. HIV/AID 

2. Malaria 


Agriculture 




Citizenship Education 

1. Good governance 

2. Decentralization 

3. Political elections

4 

Kenya 

Hundwe FM 

Health 

1. Malaria 

2. HIV/Aids 

3. Waterborne diseases – Bilharzia, typhoid and Amoeba 

Agriculture 

1. Outdated crop husbandry techniques 

2. Lack of information to facilitate adoption of other ventures e.g fish farming 

3. Unavailability of consultancy services in agriculture 

Women Empowerment 

1. Women in leadership 

2. The girl child 

3. Uniting women 

Mang’elete 

Health 

1. Malaria 

2. HIV/Aids 

3. Waterborne diseases – Typhoid 

Agriculture 

1. Low rainfall 

2. Storage of produce 

3. Outdated farming techniques 

Environmental Conservation 

1. Deforestation 

2. Destruction of crops by wild animals 

3. Soil erosion 

Sauti FM 

Health 

1. Malaria 

2. HIV/Aids 

3. Waterborne diseases – Bilharzia, typhoid and amoeba 

Agriculture 

1. Outdated crop husbandry techniques

5 

2. Lack of information to facilitate adoption of other ventures e.g fish farming 

3. Unavailability of consultancy services in agriculture 

Women Empowerment 

1. Women in leadership 

2. The girl child 

3. Uniting women 

Mwanedo Radio 

Health 

1. Access to health care services 

2. HIV/Aids 

3. Malaria 

4. Nutrition 

Agriculture 

1. Horticulture 

2. Poor farming practices 

3. Insufficient rainfall 

Land Issues 

1. No title deeds 

2. Conflicts 

3. Boundaries 

Mugambo Jweto Radio 

Health 

1. HIV/AIDS 

2. Cancer 

3. Tuberculosis 

Agriculture 

1. Livestock farming 

2. Choice of seeds 

3. Cash crop farming 

Civic Education 

1. Voter’s rights and responsibilities 

2. Human rights 

3. Corruption

6 

Lesotho 

Mafeteng FM 

Health 

1. Lack of health facilities and health workers; health care is not accessible in rural areas 

2. HIV/AIDS and other chronic diseases 

3. High rate of paediatric deaths due to lack of necessary immunization 

Agriculture 

1. No machines available to help with irrigation 

2. Dry region with irregular rainfall – often have droughts 

3. Lack of training for farmers 

4. Pasturing is no longer possible due to lack of water and stock theft 

Poor service delivery 

1. Untidiness and disorganization of Mafeteng town and the vicinity public, e.g. littering and 

no designated place for taxi rank 

2. Poor access to public transport 

3. No public toilets

7 

Namibia 

Live FM 

Health 

1. Drugs and alcohol 

2. HIV prevalence 

3. Poor diet: lack of promotion of healthy food 

Agriculture 

1. Food and water shortage hence high prices 

2. Dairy and food farming is not well promoted 

3. Most of the land is a desert, leading to lack of available land for dairy farming and food 

crops 

Unemployment and Domestic Violence 

1. Gender violence 

2. Crime of passion 

3. Lack of jobs for youth after school and colleges 

Base FM 

Health 

1. HIV/AIDS 

2. Teenage pregnancy 

3. Alcohol and drug abuse 

4. Poor diet: importation of food from South Africa makes it very expensive to afford healthy 

food 

Agriculture 

1. No farming land; most of the land is not fertile 

2. No fresh food supply 

3. Lack of information on availability of farms and how to acquire 

Unemployment and Gender violence 

1. Poverty 

2. Increased crime rates 

3. Increased levels of crimes of passion 

Ohangwena 

Health 

1. Alcohol and drugs abuse 

2. HIV/AIDS

8 

3. Lack of health care education 

Agriculture 

1. Water supply shortage 

2. No fertile land available 

3. Lack of information in land acquisition 

Public Service delivery 

1. Lack of basic municipal services 

2. Lack of reliable water and electrical supply 

3. Lack of jobs for the youth completing school 

West Coast FM 

Health 

1. Lack of health care education 

2. HIV/Aids and STDs 

3. Unavailability of healthy food such as vegetables and fruits. Mostly rely on expensive 

importation from South Africa leading to malnutrition and general poor health 

Agriculture 

1. Most part of the land is a desert and unproductive 

2. Limited land for cattle farming 

3. Lack of water 

Unemployment and teenage pregnancies 

1. Unemployment rate is very high and even those employed the income is very low 

leading to high poverty levels 

2. Teenage school drop out 

3. Unemployed teenagers giving birth to children from different fathers with the hope of 

turning child support as a regular income

9 

South Africa 

Atlantis FM 

Health 

1. HIV, TB and Malaria 

2. Lack of accessibility to health care 

3. Drug and alcohol abuse 

Agriculture 

1. Non availability of land and inability to sustain food gardens 

2. Expensive water supply 

3. Lack of skills/education and resources for small scale farmers 

Teenage Pregnancy 

1. Teenage prostitution 

2. Cultural beliefs and taboos around sex; negative influence (peer pressure) leading to 

unplanned pregnancy 

3. Early school dropouts 

Valley FM 

Health 

1. High prevalence of HIV and STDs 

2. Increase on drug and alcohol abuse 

3. Lack of knowledge on other chronic diseases such as cancer 

Agriculture 

1. Problem in accessing land due to high cost and lack of knowledge 

2. High costs of seeds 

3. Water supply not accessible/reliable (seasonal rains). 

Crime 

1. No punishment for criminals despite crime increase 

2. Crime not reported by the community because of the fear of being identified as 

“informers” 

3. Police corruption, acceptance of bribery 

Bush FM 

Health 

1. Poor access to public health services 

2. High prevalence rate of HIV and TB 

3. Lack of health education

10 

Agriculture 

1. Lack of education with regard to food supply, garden projects, funding 

2. Lack of motivation scheme for farmers 

3. Inflation on food prices 

Unemployment 

1. Lack of the required skills for employment 

2. Unavailability of jobs, especially permanent and decent work 

3. Corruption in the employment industry 

Jozi FM 

Health 

1. Alcohol and drugs abuse 

2. Lack of access to health care 

3. HIV/AIDS and other chronic diseases 

Agriculture 

1. Non availability of land for farming 

2. Lack of information about how and where land can be acquired 

3. Corruption of political officials in land acquisition 

Orphans & vulnerable children 

1. Teenage pregnancy: young girls unable to take care of children and leaving them on the 

streets 

2. Dysfunctional families: divorce/single parenting 

3. Child trafficking 

Radio Riverside 

Health 

1. HIV: Most people living with HIV hide their status from their partners putting them at risk 

of contracting the virus 

2. Drugs and alcohol abuse 

3. Other STDs emanating from teenage prostitutions and rape cases 

Agriculture 

1. Lack of agricultural programmes especially in radio 

2. Not enough incentives for small farmers (commercial farmers get better value for 

products) 

3. Debates around residential rights vs. ownership rights (title deeds) 

Crime 

1. Fraud of documents such as IDs and lack of judicial consequences 

2. Police corruption

3. Child trafficking 

4. Non-reporting of crimes due to fear of being known by the fraudsters and gangs 

11

12 

Tanzania 

Sengerema 

Health 

1. Lack of health facilities / shortage of medical personnel 

2. Malaria 

3. Increasing tuberculosis rate among citizens 

Agriculture 

1. Lack of agricultural inputs 

2. Lack of education and knowledge on agricultural techniques 

3. Lack of agricultural experts 

Education 

1. Lack of learning facilities 

2. Un-conductive learning environment 

3. Lack of teachers 

Orkonerei 

Health 

1. Shortage of medicines and vaccines 

2. Shortage of medical personnel and administrative staff 

3. Availability of potable water 

Agriculture 

1. Lack of education 



Education 



3. Distance to educational facilities 

Pangani 

Health 

1. Lack of health facilities 

2. Shortage of medicaments 

3. Diseases such as Malaria and HIV 

Agriculture 

1. Lack of education and knowledge 


3. Lack of markets

13 

Education 




Kyela 

Health 

1. Lack of medical personnel 

2. Shortage of medicines and vaccines 

3. Malaria and HIV 

Agriculture 


2. Lack of markets 


Education 

1. Poor infrastructure of classrooms 


Pambazuko 

Health 


2. HIV 

3. Malaria 

Agriculture 




Education 



3. Poor infrastructure 

Mtegani 

Health 


2. Malaria 

3. HIV 

Agriculture 

1. Lack of agricultural inputs

14 



Education 




Micheweni 

Health 

4. HIV 

1. Malaria 

2. Shortage of medicaments 

Agriculture 


2. Lack of knowledge on agricultural techniques 

Education 



Kahama 

Health 


4. Poor infrastructure and quality 

5. HIV 

Agriculture 




Education 


2. Poor infrastructure 

Fadeco 

Health 


7. Poor infrastructure and quality of medical services 

8. Diseases such as malaria and HIV

15 

Agriculture 




Education 


2. Poor infrastructure

16 

Zambia 

Breeze FM 

Health 

4. Malaria 

5. HIV/Aids 

6. Congestion in hospitals 

Agriculture 

4. Farming inputs (e.g.: fertilizers) 

5. Feeder roads leading to depots for the storage of the produce 

6. Crop marketing (e.g.: prices for produce, timely and reliable information on markets) 

Social services 

4. Water and sanitation 

5. Electricity supply 

6. Local governance 

Iso FM 

Health 

4. Malaria 

5. HIV/Aids 

6. Access to hospital (long distances, poor staffing and lack of medicines) 

Agriculture 

4. Access to water 

5. Storage of produce 

6. Marketing of farm produce 

Governance 

4. Gender based violence 

5. Cultural stereotyping of women 

6. Infrastructure (electricity) 

Lyambai FM 

Health 

9. HIV/Aids 

10. Malaria 

11. Access to hospitals 

Agriculture 

9. Fishing

17 

10. Access to markets 

11. Storage for produce 


3. Governance issues (rights and status of the Barotseland Agreement with the 

central government) and infrastructure (electricity and roads) 

4. Women empowerment (e.g.: legal assistance) 

5. Preservation of cultural identity (language and music) 

Mkushi FM 

Health 

1. Access to health care services 

2. HIV/Aids 

3. Poor hospital services 

Agriculture 

1. Food insecurity 

2. Insufficient water resources 

3. Frequent floods 

4. Tsetse flies affecting cattle rearing 


1. Youth unemployment and delinquency (e.g.: drunkenness and unsafe sexual behavior) 

2. Lack of vocational or skills training facility for youth 

3. Infrastructural development 

Zambezi FM 

Health 

1. HIV/AIDS 

2. Cancer awareness (e.g. among women) 

3. Disease prevention and sanitation 

Agriculture 

1. Agricultural practices 

2. Farming inputs 

3. Access to markets 


1. Governance issues 

2. Human rights 

3. Social development programmes

Annex iv – Annual progress report 503RAF5000 

Report: Information and Communication Technologies 

This report presents a variety of software that could be used in trainings and other activities from 

the project. Information about each ICT is structured according to its features followed by a SWOT 

analysis. It intends to empower trainers and Field Officers with basic knowledge about such ICTs 

and provide a baseline for choosing the best software for local radio stations. 

Software 

FrontlinesSms:Radio .......................................................................................................................... 2 

Freedom Fone .................................................................................................................................... 4 

Crowdmap/Ushahidi ........................................................................................................................... 6 

Mxit ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 

Airtime ................................................................................................................................................ 9 

GRINS .............................................................................................................................................. 11 

Audacity ............................................................................................................................................ 13 

Libre Office and Open Office ............................................................................................................ 15

2 

FrontlinesSms:Radio 

Tags: SMS, Engaging audience, Mobile, Feedback 

1. Site: www.radio.frontlinesms.com 

2. License: Free and Open Source 

3. Operational system: Windows, Mac and Linux 

4. Status of development: Stable (2nd version) with updates 

5. Description: FrontlineSMS Radio is a software to assist community radio stations to interact 

dynamically with audiences by SMS text messaging. It is a customized version of the Frontline SMS 

software optimized for radio presenters and station managers. It includes a “broadcast” button and 

“shows” feature. 

6. Features: 

FrontlineSMS Version 2 creates and manages common SMS activities such as: 

● Making announcements: sending SMS to groups of cellphones 

● Conducting polls: The polls activity visualizes incoming data, allowing to quickly understanding 

the results 

● Automatically replying to incoming SMS 

● Managing SMS with a flexible filing system, featuring folders and an archive capability; as well 

as an inbox, outbox, and the ability to monitor pending messages. Important messages can be 

starred for later, and a search allows locating messages based on name, location, date, activity, 

group and folder. It is possible to export messages limited by date range or from any search 

result, collection of messages or group of contacts 

7. Radio stations using: 

KEN - Mangelete, Mwanedu, Mugambo, Jwetu, Sauti 

TZA – Fadeco 

DRC – Deogracias, Bangu, Kimvuka na Lutondo, Moanda 

ZMB - Breeze 

8. Links: 

● Download: http://www.frontlinesms.com/the-software/download/ 

● Version 2 microsite: http://www.frontlinesms.com/the-software/frontlinesms-version-2/ 

● Frequently asked questions: http://www.frontlinesms.com/user-resources/frequently-askedquestions/ 

● Help and support materials: http://www.frontlinesms.com/user-resources/help/ 

9. Minimum requirements 

● Dedicated desktop or laptop (preferentially Windows, but works also in Linux and Mac) 

● Mobile phone or GSM modem (preferentially) to be connected via Serial port, USB or Bluetooth 

● Active simcard with a SMS compatible plan 

10. Similar products 

● Rapid SMS 

● Trac FM 

● Clickatell

3 

● Modem drivers (Safaricom) 

● Souktell (custom platforms) 

11. Strengths 

● Does not need Internet to work (send text messages via phone, GSM modem) 

● Manage SMS as email messages 

● Automate common activities 

● Monitor SMS communications over time 

● Easy to install and use 

● Able to visualize data 

● Ongoing research and development focused in African radios 

12. Weaknesses 

● Limited number of SMS can be sent at one time e.g. modem can only send 8-12 per minute. 

(Mitigated by using online aggregators) 

● Requires a dedicated computer 

13. Opportunities 

● Audience with access to SMS (regarding cost, literacy and technological literacy) 

● Communities and radio stations without constant access to Internet 

● Stores data on local computer, so it can be accessed without Intenet 

● Using online SMS aggregator will reduce costs of sending SMS 

● Create engagement and participation from the community 

14. Threats / Constraints 

● Cost of SMS 

● Literacy of the audience 

● Data Integrity might be a concern in SMS campaigns 

15. More information: 

● Research and development supported by Centre of Governance and Human Rights (CGHR) at 

the University of Cambridge. Link for the 

project: http://www.polis.cam.ac.uk/cghr/research_sms.html 

● 2011 Knight News Challenge Winner 

● One of a set of Frontline applications: Frontline:Legal, Frontline:Credit, Frontline:Credit, 

Frontline:Medic, Frontline:Learn 

● Studying integration with Freedom Fone

4 

Freedom Fone 

Tags: Mobile, Engaging audience 

1.Site: www.freedomfone.org 

2. License: Free and Open source 

3. Operational system: Linux 

4. Status of development: Stable (version 2) with updates 

5. Description: Freedom Fone is a priority voice-based communications platform to interact with offline 

audiences in any language. Audio files are stored by Freedom Fone in a content management system 

which is updated through a simple-to-use browser interface. These audio clips populate an Interactive 

Voice Response (IVR) menu which callers can navigate through for information. Individuals can 

contribute questions, content and feedback by leaving voice messages via the IVR interface. 

6. Features: The Freedom Fone system lets implementers create simple voice menus that users can 

call in and navigate using their keypad. The voice menus can contain the news and information that the 

users may be interested in listening to, and also allow users to leave messages. There is also call-back 

functionality (user calls, hangs up, the system calls them back) for user cost reduction. The system 

includes SMS polling functionality as well. Freedom Fone can be operated as a collective, with different 

groups managing different channels of information from the same installation. 

7. Radios using Freedom Fone: 

ZAF - Bush Radio, Atlantis, Valley, Riverside 

TZA – Fadeco 

DRC – Deogracias, Bangu, Kimvuka na Lutondo, Moanda 

8. Links: 

Demonstration: http://demo.freedomfone.org 

Download: http://www.freedomfone.org/page/downloads 

User guide: http://www.freedomfone.org/page/documentation 


a. Radio station: 

● Dedicated computer 

● GSM services 

● Active simcards 

● Audio recorder 

b. Audience: 

● A phone (fixed/landline, mobile phone, or Internet calling with call out credit) 

10. Similar products: 

● Twilio 

● Voxio 

11. Strengths of the product

5 

● Adaptable to different languages and cultures. It can be used and deployed in all countries 

where there is mobile network coverage, and content can be recorded in any language - even 

multiple languages, simultaneously. 

● Simple to install. Freedom Fone provides an installer that automates much of the setup, 

empowering a non-technical user to independently set up a sophisticated telephony server in 

under 30mins. 

● Simple to use. Once you're set up, an easy graphical user interface lets you control through a 

simple 'dashboard'." 

12. Weaknesses of the product 

● Supply chains for equipment (e.g. GSM devices) not as easy as it could be 

● Requires dedicated computer 

13. Opportunities of the product 

● Use in small to medium sized radio stations for agricultural development, education or health 

programmes, elections monitoring or emergency relief operations. 

● Engaging older audiences, not used to texting, or internet chatting 

● Illiterate audiences 

● Audiences without access to SMS (either by financial reasons or technology literacy) 

● Audiences without internet 

● Audiences that speak multiple languages 

● Share audio information with audience; Audio information can take different forms as voice 

menu (press 1, press 2, etc.), educational dramas, short news items, or songs. 

● Organise a poll to enable the audience to vote on an issue using their phone; 

● Collect SMSs from the audience: these might be updates about specific news events, alerts or 

similar time critical information; 

● Get the audience to leave audio messages to share their opinion on a particular topic or make 

reports in their own language. 

● In addition to ordinary mobile phones, your callers can use landlines and internet-based phones 

to access the service. This means that Freedom Fone can receive and deliver crucial 

information via mobile phones or landlines in situations facing power constraints or where the 

Internet access is limited or interrupted. 

14. Threats/Constraints of the product 

● To run the platform independent of the Internet, the computer must be connected to mobile 

phone networks via one or more GSM devices. 

15. More information 

● African initiative (Zimbabwe) 

● Winner of Index Freedom of Expression Awards 2012 

http://oneworldgroup.org/2012/03/28/award-for-kubatanas-freedom-fone/ 

● Studying integration with FrontlineSMS:Radio 

● Integrating with disaster response technologies: http://mobileactive.org/do-you-hear-me-disaster 

● http://www.freedomfone.org/news/helping-to-address-maternal-mortality-in-africa 

● http://www.freedomfone.org/news/freedom-fone%27s-dialer-version-used-to-facilitate-feedbackin-zimbabwe

6 

Crowdmap/Ushahidi 

Tags: map, engaging audience, mobile, SMS 

1. Site: https://crowdmap.com 

2. License: Free and Open Source 

3. Operational system: Web based (users can send reports by SMS) 

4. Status of development: Stable 

5. Description: 

Crowdmap is a tool that allows to crowdsource information and see it on an online map and timeline. It is 

the Ushahidi platform, built by the team who created Ushahidi as an easier way for anyone to run their 

own crowdsourcing site. 

6. Features: 

Ushahidi is a platform to create online thematic maps to support contributions by SMS or internet based 

on the geolocation of the information. Ushahidi platform is dependant on specific knowledge on servers 

and setting up websites and coding, while Crowdmap is a service that aims to make easier the creation 

of a map. It allows people to send text and pictures from cellphones and computers adding the 

geographical information. 

7. Radio stations already using: 

Not identified 

8. Links: 

Sign up link: https://crowdmap.com/mhi/signup 

Ushahidi: http://ushahidi.com/ 

What is Ushahidi: http://youtu.be/EhT3co2qNAA 


a. Radio station 

● Computer 

● Access to Internet 

b. Audience 

● Access to SMS or Internet (computer/mobile) to send reports 



11. Strenghts of the product: 

● Easy to set up 


● Internet-based for consumption of the information (no off-line solution) 


● Radio stations wishing to receive inputs from the audience 

● Mapping subjects according to region 

● Mapping disasters and crisis

7 

● Integrate mapping of topics into the news programming (histories to be told in remote regions of 

the community) 

● Reports of violence and violation of human rights 

● Engage with the audience 

14. Threats / Constraints of the product 

● Access to SMS or Internet to send reports 

● Access to Internet to see the map 

● Using crowdsourcing tech like Ushahidi maps without doing the strategic and programmatic 

ground work is likely not going to work. Trying to crowdsource a map without a goal or strategy 

is just a map, and pretty soon an abandoned map. There is an increasing number of Ushahidi 

maps that are set up with little thought as to the why, what, who, and how. A map should have a 

clearly-defined focus for report collection. 

● A map is only as good as the data in it. Bad data, unclear categories, and no quality control 

results in a bad map. 

● Careful thinking about how a crowdsourced map will advance your goals is essential. Until you 

can answer the question clearly: "Why will this map lead to the change I desire," don't set one 

up. 

● Requires an engaged and motivated community or correspondents to draw from and intensive 

outreach and marketing to motivate people to send reports. Just building a map doesn’t mean 

people will send reports unless they acknowledge a purpose and outcomes from their 

contributions. 

15. More information: 

● African initiative (Kenya) 

● UNESCO (FEM/KSD) is already using: https://www.unesco-ci.org/foemap/main 

● Tips on how (not) to do a crowdsource map: https://deadushahidi.crowdmap.com/page/index/1

8 

Mxit 

Tags: Social media, mobile phone 

1. Site: www.mxit.com 

2. License: Private (freeware) 

3. Operational system: Feature phones and smartphones, desktop version for Windows, Mac and 

Linux 


5. Description: Mxit is a mobile social network with large adoption in South Africa providing instant 

messaging, mobile currency, cheaper SMS and file sharing. Large number of young users. 

6. Features: 

● Instant messenger and social networking from mobile or PCs for none other than data/internet 

costs. Users can connect with Yahoo, ICQ, Google Talk, AIM, or Windows Live Messenger 

contacts. 

● Virtual currency (Moola), valued at the equivalent of one cent of South African currency. It is 

used to enter Mxit Chat Zones or buy games, music, skins and wallpapers. 

● Possibility to embed Mxit Web Chat in website or blog and create conversation with site visitors 

in real time. 

● File sharing 


ZAF - Bush 

8. Links: www.mxit.com 

9. Minimum requirements: 

Feature phone with access to Internet 


Skype, MSN, Facebook Messenger, Google + 

11. Strenghts 

● Popular (50 million users) specially in South Africa 

● Feature phones compatible (Java enabled) 


• Not as popular in other regions as it is in South Africa 


● Regions with Internet access by mobile and no desktop access to Internet 

● Engaging audience in a radio show through a chat 

● Engaging young people 


● Depends on availability and cost of mobile Internet 

● Proprietary service 

15. More information 

South African company ( Mxit Ltd - Riesling House, Brandwacht Office Park, Trumali Road Western 

Cape, Stellenbosch, South Africa)

9 

Airtime 

Tags: radio programming, webcasting 

1. Site: www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime 

2. License: Free and Open Source Software 



5. Description: Airtime is an open broadcast software for scheduling and remote station management. 

Web browser access to the station's media archive, multi-file upload and automatic metadata verification 

features are coupled with a collaborative on-line scheduling calendar and playlist management. 

6. Features: 

● Scheduled playout through an easy-to-use interface 

● Sub-second precision 

● Internet streaming 

● Internet stream relay (for live remote broadcasts or cooperative broadcasts) 

● Automatic record and rebroadcast 

● Remote access via any web browser 

● "Now playing"" widgets for website 

● Media archive with rich metadata 

● Unlimited number of users 

● Fine-grained roles and access privileges 

● Automatic upload of programs to the Soundcloud audio file sharing and distribution service 

● Automatic import of files from watched folders 

● Automatic updates via Ubuntu/Debian packaging (internet connection required) 


KEN - Mangelete 

8. Links: 

Airtime manuals: http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/manuals/ 

Airtime demo: http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/demo/ 

Airtime screenshots: http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/screenshots/ 

Airtime features: http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/features/ 


• Linux operating system (Supported on Ubuntu and Debian Linux) 

• 1 GB RAM 

• Sound card for analog sound output 

• 128k per second internet connection (if streaming) 


• Rivendell (www.rivendellaudio.org) 

• IDJC (http://idjc.sourceforge.net) 

• Mixxx (www.mixxx.org)" 


● Web-browser based

10 

● Media archive with metadata support 

● Integration with website for "now playing" information 

● Easy to customize audio playout through Liquidsoap sound engine 

● Supports both stream and analog playout 


● Runs only on Linux 

● Not localizable in current version (next version, 2.2 will support localization) 

● Focus on automated playout (could change with live assist mode) 


● Webcasting stations 

● Multiple DJs scheduling 

● Further integration with other products such as FrontlineSMS, Audacity, and Ushahidi 

● Live assist (planned) 

● Native mobile apps for Android and iOS (planned) 


● Internet dependent 

● Lack of local IT professionals able to provide local support

11 

GRINS 

1. Site: http://www.gramvaani.org/?page_id=141 

2. License: Private/Commercial 




GRINS is a comprehensive software for broadcasting, content management, making/receiving calls, 

sending/receiving SMS, conducting polls, and running an answering machine when station cannot 

answer the call. 

6. Features: 

● Automated scheduling of broadcasts 

● Content management, statistics generation, and reporting 

● Mobile Hybrid: Make and receive calls, conference between multiple callers, and put the 

conference live on air. 

● Send/Receive SMS. Conduct polls over SMS, and export results 

● Build a listener database from phone calls and sms 

● Automated answering machine when station staff cannot receive calls on GRINS 

● Stream broadcast content over the Internet to increase reach and visibility" 

7. Radio stations using: 

ZAF - Atlantis, Valley, Riverside 

8. Links: 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oVOLuzXljSI 

www.gramvaani.org 

https://www.facebook.com/gramvaani 

http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/sectorsinfotech/Radio-gaga/Article1-589259.aspx 



No single product has all of the functionalities as GRINS. Commercial products like RCS, and Wide Orbit 

have many of the above features, but they do not have SMS polling and listener database building 

capabilities. 


● Designed specifically for community radio stations. 

● Focuses on community participation. 

● Enables telephony and SMS capabilities mentioned earlier. 


● Does not allow scheduling on multiple playlists 

● No advertisement management 

● Works only on Linux 


• Improve community participation and engagement through SMS and voice


● Cost (software costs USD 400 with heavy discounts available for community radio stations) 

Additional hardware required costs about USD 60 

● Works only on Linux, which means specialized support is required. We typically train people with 

ICT back ground in the station's country before doing a GRINS installation at a station. Lack of 

such a resource person can limit a station's ability to continue using GRINS. 

12

13 

Audacity 

Tags: audio editing, editorial work 

1. Site: http://audacity.sourceforge.net 


3. Operational system: Windows, Mac OS X, GNU/Linux 

4. Status of development: In development (stable) 


Audacity is a widespread adopted free and open source audio editor and recorder. 

6. Features: 

● Record live audio through a microphone or mixer 

● Digitize recordings from cassette tapes, records, or minidiscs. 

● With some sound cards, Audacity can also capture streaming audio. 

● Record from microphone, line input, USB/Firewire devices and others. 

● Device Toolbar manages multiple input and output devices. 

● Timer Record and Sound Activated Recording features. 

● Dub over existing tracks to create multi-track recordings. 

● Record at high sample rates in excess of 192,000 Hz (subject to appropriate hardware). 

● Record multiple channels at once (subject to appropriate hardware). 

● Level meters can monitor volume levels before, during and after recording. Clipping can be 

displayed in the waveform or in a label track. 

● Import sound files, edit them, and combine them with other files or new recordings. Export your 

recordings in many different file formats, including multiple files at once. 

● Supports 16-bit, 24-bit and 32-bit (floating point) samples (the latter preserves samples in 

excess of full scale). 

● Sample rates and formats are converted using high-quality resampling and dithering. 

● Tracks with different sample rates or formats are converted automatically in real time. 

● Easy editing with Cut, Copy, Paste and Delete. 

● Unlimited sequential Undo (and Redo) to go back any number of steps. 

● Edit and mix large numbers of tracks. 

● Multiple clips are allowed per track. 

● Label tracks with selectable Sync-Lock Tracks feature for keeping tracks and labels 

synchronized. 

● Draw Tool to alter individual sample points. 

● Envelope Tool to fade the volume up or down smoothly. 

● Automatic Crash Recovery in the event of abnormal program termination. 

● Tracks and selections can be fully manipulated using the keyboard. Large range of keyboard 

shortcuts. 

● Excellent support for JAWS, NVDA and other screen readers on Windows, and for VoiceOver on 

Mac. 

● Several effects: Change the pitch without altering the tempo (or vice-versa); remove static, hiss, 

hum or other constant background noises; alter frequencies with Equalization, Bass Boost, 

High/Low Pass and Notch Filter effects; adjust volume with Compressor, Amplify, Normalize and 

Fade In/Out effects; remove Vocals from suitable stereo tracks; create voice-overs for podcasts 

or DJ sets using Auto Duck effect; other built-in effects include echo, phaser, wahwah, 

paulstretch (extreme stretch), reverse, truncate Silence

14 

● Spectrogram view modes for visualizing frequencies. 

● "Plot Spectrum" command for detailed frequency analysis. 

● "Sample Data Export" for exporting a file containing amplitude values for each sample in the 

selection. 

● Contrast Analysis for analyzing average rms volume differences between foreground speech 

and background music. 

● Support for adding VAMP analysis plug-ins. 


TZA – Fadeco,Sengerema, Mtegani, Pambazuko, Kahama, Orkonerei, Micheweni, Kyela 

8. Links: 

http://wiki.audacityteam.org/wiki/Audacity_Wiki_Home_Page 

http://forum.audacityteam.org/ 


Computer 


• Adobe Audition 

• Soundbooth (discontinued) 

• Sony Sound Forge 


● Large number of users and developers worldwide 

● Multilingual 




● Replacing proprietary software for recording, editing and converting audio files 


Not identified

15 

Libre Office and Open Office 

Tags: Editorial work, Financial management 

1. Site: http://www.libreoffice.org/ http://www.openoffice.org 


3. Operational system: Windows, Mac and Linux 

4. Status of development: Stable with updates (20 years from first release) 


LibreOffice and Open Office are free and open source personal productivity suites with six applications 

for document production and data processing needs. OpenOffice.org was originally developed as 

StarOffice, but when Oracle acquired Sun, the future of Sun's software offerings was called into 

question. Before long, key OpenOffice.org developers, unhappy with the status quo under Oracle, began 

defecting from the project. The result was LibreOffice, a new fork of the OpenOffice.org code base that's 

maintained by a nonprofit organization called the Document Foundation. LibreOffice looks like 

OpenOffice.org and it runs like OpenOffice.org. It even reads and writes OpenOffice.org's 

OpenDocument file formats. The difference is that LibreOffice is being developed in a fully communitydriven 

way, without oversight from Oracle. 

6. Features: 

● 

Compatible with major competitors' file formats. Import files from Microsoft Word, Excel and 

PowerPoint and other formats, and can easily save to Microsoft Office and other formats when 

needed. 

● Writer is the word processor. Use it for everything, from dashing off a quick letter to producing 

an entire book with tables of contents, embedded illustrations, bibliographies and diagrams. The 

while-you-type auto-completion, auto-formatting and automatic spelling checking make difficult 

tasks easy (but are easy to disable if you prefer). Writer is powerful enough to tackle desktop 

publishing tasks such as creating multi-column newsletters and brochures. The only limit is your 

imagination. 

● Calc tames your numbers and helps with difficult decisions when you're weighing the 

alternatives. Analyze your data with Calc and then use it to present your final output. Charts and 

analysis tools help bring transparency to your conclusions. A fully-integrated help system makes 

easier work of entering complex formulas. Add data from external databases such as SQL or 

Oracle, then sort and filter them to produce statistical analyses. Use the graphing functions to 

display large number of 2D and 3D graphics from 13 categories, including line, area, bar, pie, X- 

Y, and net – with the dozens of variations available, you're sure to find one that suits your 

project. 

● Impress is the fastest and easiest way to create effective multimedia presentations. Stunning 

animation and sensational special effects help you convince your audience. Create 

presentations that look even more professional than the standard presentations you commonly 

see at work. Get your collegues' and bosses' attention by creating something a little bit different. 

● Draw lets you build diagrams and sketches from scratch. A picture is worth a thousand words, 

so why not try something simple with box and line diagrams? Or else go further and easily build 

dynamic 3D illustrations and special effects. It's as simple or as powerful as you want it to be. 

● Base is the database front-end of the LibreOffice suite. With Base, you can seamlessly integrate 

your existing database structures into the other components of LibreOffice, or create an interface 

to use and administer your data as a stand-alone application. You can use imported and linked 

tables and queries from MySQL, PostgreSQL or Microsoft Access and many other data sources, 

or design your own with Base, to build powerful front-ends with sophisticated forms, reports and 

views. Support is built-in or easily addable for a very wide range of database products, notably 

the standardly-provided HSQL, MySQL, Adabas D, Microsoft Access and PostgreSQL.

16 

● Math is a simple equation editor that lets you lay-out and display your mathematical, chemical, 

electrical or scientific equations quickly in standard written notation. Even the most-complex 

calculations can be understandable when displayed correctly. E=mc2. 

● LibreOffice also comes configured with a PDF file creator, meaning you can distribute 

documents that you're sure can be opened and read by users of almost any computing device or 

operating system. 


TZA – Fadeco,Sengerema, Mtegani, Pambazuko, Kahama, Orkonerei, Micheweni, Kyela 

8. Links: 

a. Libre Office 

http://www.libreoffice.org/get-help/ 

http://wiki.documentfoundation.org/Documentation/Publications 

b.Open Office 

http://wiki.services.openoffice.org/wiki/Documentation/FAQ 

http://wiki.services.openoffice.org/wiki/Documentation 


● Computer 

● Microsoft Windows 2000 (Service Pack 4 or higher), XP, Vista, Windows 7, or Windows 8; MacOSX 

10.4 (Tiger) or higher; Linux kernel version 2.6.18 or higher; 

● Pentium-compatible PC (Pentium III, Athlon or more-recent system recommended); Intel or 

PowerPC processor; 

● 256 Mb RAM (512 Mb RAM recommended); 

● Up to 1.5 Gb available hard disk space; 

● 1024x768 resolution (higher resolution recommended), with at least 256 colors. 

10. Similar products 

Microsoft Office, Open Office 

11. Strenghts 

● Free support and documentation from large community of users, contributors and developers 

● Multilingual (Libre Office has more than 30 languages and Open Office almost 100) 




● Replace proprietary software for a free alternative 

● Open development to new ideas 

● Software is tested and used daily by a large user community 


Not identified

Annex v – Progress report 503RAF5000 

Suggested applications for weekly monitoring of radios 

Analysis according to Information Quality Criteria and SWOT 

This document analyses two alternatives for the weekly monitoring of radio stations participating in the 

project “Empowering Local Radios with ICTs”. The first one, Frontline SMS:Radio, is a system to manage 

SMS communication between radio stations and audiences. The other is Freedom Fone, a system to 

create interactive audio voice menus and record audio inputs from the audience. The analysis was done 

considering Information Quality criteria according to Eppler’s Framework 1 and a SWOT (Strengths, 

Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats). It aims to build knowledge about why and how these ICTs can 

be used, and evaluate features and risks from each one. 

1 EPPLER, Martin J. Managing Information Quality: Increasing the Value of Information in Knowledge-Intensive 

Products and Processes. Springer, 2003.

2 

Frontline SMS: Radio 

FrontlineSMS:Radio is a software to assist community radio stations 

to interact dynamically with audiences by SMS text messaging. It is a 

customised version of the Frontline SMS software optimised for radio 

presenters and station managers. FrontlineSMS Version 2 create and 

manage common SMS activities such as: 

● 

Making announcements: sending SMS to groups of cellphones 

● Conducting polls: The polls activity visualizes incoming data, allowing to quickly 

understand the results. 

● 

Automatically replying to incoming SMS. 

● Managing SMS with a flexible filing system, featuring folders and an archive 

capability; as well as an inbox, outbox, and the ability to monitor pending messages. 

Important messages can be starred for later, and a search allows locating messages 

based on name, location, date, activity, group and folder. It is possible to export 

messages limited by date range or from any search result, collection of messages or 

group of contacts. 

Main advantages on the use of Frontline:SMS for weekly monitoring is the feature of managing 

SMS messages as emails, keeping trace of messages and historical progress. Main risk is the 

accessibility to SMS (literacy and cost), what can bias or preclude the audience to participate.

3 

Quality of information analysis of Frontline SMS: Radio 

Criterion Description Sample indicators Tradeoff with 

Comprehensivene 

ss 

Accuracy 

Clarity 

Applicability 

Consistency 

Currency 

Correctness 

Convenience 

Timeliness 

Traceability 

Interactivity 

Accessibility 

Security 

Is the scope of information 

adequate (not too much nor too 

little)? 

Is the information precise enough 

and close enough to reality? Is the 

SMS asking what is essential to 

know? 

Is the information 

understandable or 

comprehensible to the target 

group? 

Can the information surveyed be 

directly applied? Is it useful for 

planning programmes and 

evaluating the radio programme 

quality? 

Is the information free 

of contradictions or convention 

breaks? Are the SMS messages 

following a logical sequence and are 

complementary? 

Is the information up-to-date and not 

obsolete? 

Is the information free of distortion, 

bias, or error? Are the reports and 

graphics being correctly 

interpreted? 

Does the information provision 

correspond to the user’s needs and 

habits? 

Is the information processed and 

delivered rapidly without delays? 

Is the background of the information 

(number of cellphone, date, etc) 

visible and accessible by the radio 

staff? 

Can the information process 

be adapted by the information 

consumer? 

Is there a continuous and 

unobstructed way to get to the 

information? What are the obstacles 

for sending and receiving SMS? 

Is the information protected 

against loss or unauthorized 

access? 

Content Quality 

Number of SMS received, number 

of questions about the monitoring 

Level of engagement with 

community 

User feedback, number of 

questions about the monitoring 

Usage of SMS replies on radio 

station programming and 

management 

Logical follow up of messages to 

assess the progress 

Completion of surveys before 

deadlines 

Reports showing the correct 

information 

Media Quality 

Number of SMS received 

compared with average access to 

SMS in the local radio coverage 

area 

Reasonable timeframe involving 

planning, survey and result 

reporting 

Database of SMS with 

complementary information 

Number of SMS received 

Assessment of obstacles to 

approach audience (cost of SMS, 

literacy, etc?) 

Level of data encryption, number 

of required passwords, backup of 

surveys 

Clarity 

Conciseness 

Timeliness 

Maintainability 

Clarity 

Conciseness 

Timeliness 

Accuracy 

Comprehensiveness 

Timeliness 

Timeliness 

Security 


Accuracy 

Consistency 

Correctness 

Security 

Convenience 

Accessibility 


Can all of the information be 

organized and updated on an ongoing 

basis? 

Number of helpdesk contacts, 

number of required technicians 


Speed 

Can the infrastructure match the 

user’s working pace? 

Time frame between sending 

SMS and receiving replies 

Security

4 

SWOT Analysis of Frontline SMS:Radio 

Strengths 

● Does not need Internet to work (send text messages via phone, GSM modem) 

● Manage SMS as email messages 

● Automate common activities 

● Monitor SMS communications over time 

● Easy to install and use 

● Able to visualize data 

● Ongoing research and development focused in African radios 

Weaknesses 

● Limited number of SMS can be sent at one time e.g. modem can only send 8-12 per 

minute. (Mitigated by using online aggregators) 

● Requires a dedicated computer 

Opportunities 

● Audience with access to SMS (regarding cost, literacy and technological literacy) 

● Communities and radio stations without constant access to Internet 

● Stores data on local computer, so it can be accessed without Intenet 

● Using online SMS aggregator will reduce costs of sending SMS 

● Create engagement and participation from the community 

Threats / Constraints 

● Cost of SMS 

● Literacy of the audience 

● Data Integrity might be a concern in SMS campaigns

5 

Freedom Fone 

Freedom Fone is a priority voice-based communications platform to 

interact with offline audiences in any language. Audio files are stored 

by Freedom Fone in a content management system which is updated 

through a simple-to-use browser interface. These audio clips 

populate an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) menu which callers 

can navigate through for information. Individuals can contribute 

questions, content and feedback by leaving voice messages via the 

IVR interface. 

The Freedom Fone system lets implementers create simple voice 

menus that users can call in and navigate using their keypad. The 

voice menus can contain the news and information that the users may be interested in listening 

to, and also allow users to leave messages. There is also call-back functionality (user calls, 

hangs up, the system calls them back) for user cost reduction. The system includes SMS polling 

functionality as well but for that purpose our project is applying Frontline SMS:Radio. Freedom 

Fone can be operated as a collective, with different groups managing different channels of 

information from the same installation. 

Main advantages of Freedom Fone for weekly monitoring are: presence of the “audio” element 

and possibility to broadcast messages on air; and being more accessible for digital and 

language illiterate audience. Main risk is the cost of airtime for the audience.

6 

Quality of information analysis of Freedom Fone 

Criterion Description Sample indicators Tradeoff with 


Accuracy 

Clarity 

Applicability 

Consistency 

Currency 

Correctness 

Convenience 

Timeliness 

Traceability 

Interactivity 

Accessibility 

Security 

Is the scope of information 

adequate (not too much nor too 

little)? 

Is the information precise 

enough and close enough to 

reality? 

Is the information 

understandable or 

comprehensible to the target 

group? 

Can the information surveyed be 

directly applied? Is it useful for 

planning programmes and 

evaluating the radio programme 

quality? 

Is the information free of 

contradictions or convention 

breaks? Is the audio menu 

created following an easy logical 

sequence? 

Is the information up-to-date and 

not obsolete? 

Is the information free of 

distortion, bias, or error? Are the 

recordings being correctly 

interpreted? 

Does the information provision 

correspond to the user’s needs 

and habits? Do people feel 

comfortable in calling and 

recording their voice? 

Is the information processed and 

delivered rapidly without delays? 

Is the radio staff listening to the 

recordings and putting on air the 

relevant ones? 

Is the background of the 

information (number of 

cellphone, date, etc) visible and 

accessible by the radio staff? 

Can the information process be 

adapted by the information 

consumer? 

Is there a continuous and 

unobstructed way to get to the 

information? What are the 

obstacles for calling the radio 

station? 

Is the information protected 

against loss or unauthorized 

access? 

Content Quality 

Number of correct replies, language 

of system is coherent with spoken 

languages in the community, duration 

of the audio instructions 

Level of engagement with community 

and impact on issues of local public 

concern 

Number of correct replies, user 

feedback, number of questions about 

the monitoring 

Usage of recorded replies on radio 

station programming and 

management, relevance of the issues 

approached for the community 

Logical follow up of messages to 

assess the progress, number of audio 

messages recorded successfully 

Completion of surveys before 

deadlines 

Reports showing the correct 

information gathered from audio 

messages 

Media Quality 

Number of audio messages recorded 

and variety of social groups 

Reasonable timeframe involving 

planning, creating the audio menu, 

recording and result reporting 

Database of audio recordings with 

complementary information 

Number of audio messages recorded 

correctly, number of callings to solve 

doubts about the system 

Assessment of obstacles to approach 

audience (cost of airtime, language, 

literacy, etc?) 

Level of data encryption, number of 

required passwords, backup of audio 

messages 

Clarity 

Conciseness 

Timeliness 


Clarity 

Conciseness 

Timeliness 

Accuracy 


Timeliness 

Timeliness 

Security 


Accuracy 

Consistency 

Correctness 

Security 

Convenience 

Accessibility 


Speed 

Can all of the information be 

organized and updated on an 

on-going basis? 

Can the infrastructure match the 

user’s working pace? 

Number of helpdesk contacts, number 

of required technicians to solve 

problems with the system 

Time frame between creating the 

voice menu, advertising the survey 

and receiving replies 


Security

7 

SWOT Analysis of Freedom Fone 

Strengths 

● Adaptable to different languages and cultures. It can be used and deployed in all 

countries where there is mobile network coverage, and content can be recorded in any 

language - even multiple languages, simultaneously. 

● Simple to install. Freedom Fone provides an installer that automates much of the setup, 

empowering a non-technical user to independently set up a sophisticated telephony 

server in under 30mins. 

● Simple to use. Once you're set up, an easy graphical user interface lets you control 

through a simple 'dashboard'." 

Weaknesses 

● Requires dedicated computer 

Opportunities 

● Use in small to medium sized radio stations for agricultural development, education or 

health programmes, elections monitoring or emergency relief operations. 

● Engaging older audiences, not used to texting, or internet chatting 

● Illiterate audiences 

● Audiences without access to SMS (either by financial reasons or technology literacy) 

● Audiences without internet 

● Audiences that speak multiple languages 

● Share audio information with audience; Audio information can take different forms as 

voice menu (press 1, press 2, etc.), educational dramas, short news items, or songs 

● Organise a poll to enable the audience to vote on an issue using their phone 

● Collect SMSs from the audience: these might be updates about specific news events, 

alerts or similar time critical information 

● Get the audience to leave audio messages to share their opinion on a particular topic or 

make reports in their own language 

● In addition to ordinary mobile phones, your callers can use landlines and internet-based 

phones to access the service. This means that Freedom Fone can receive and deliver 

crucial information via mobile phones or landlines in situations facing power constraints 

or where the Internet access is limited or interrupted 

Threats/Constraints 

● To run the platform independent of the Internet, the computer must be connected to 

mobile phone networks via one or more GSM devices 

● Cost of airtime for the audience

Annex vi – Annual progress report 503RAF5000 

Partners for the implementation of activities 

In 2012, the following local, national and regional organizations carried out trainings, surveys and other 

activities from the project 503RAF5000 under UNESCO supervision. Local organizations were chosen to 

create sustainable results, thus becoming secondary beneficiaries of the project. 


Target Agency, Université de Kinshasa, Institut Facultaire des Sciences de l’information et de la 

communication 

Kenya 

Kenya Community Network, Kenya Telecentres, College of Science and Technology from Meru 

University 

Lesotho 

Media Training Centre, Biz concepts, National University of Lesotho, Media Institute of Southern 

Africa (South Africa), Lesotho Communication Commission 

Namibia 

Namibia National Institute of Statistics, Namibia Polytechnic Media Studies Department, Vision 

Africa Research, Media Institute of Southern Africa (Namibia) 

South Africa 

Media Training Centre, Media Monitoring Africa, Media Institute of Southern Africa (South Africa), 

National Community Radio Forum, Media Development and Diversity Agency 

Tanzania 

Gender and Media Southern Africa, Union of Tanzanian Press Clubs, Ecom Research group, 

Community Media Network of Tanzania (COMNETA), Media Institute of Southern Africa 

(MISATAN), Airtel 

Zambia 

Chipata Radio Services, Zambia Institute for Mass Communication, Zambia’s Centre for Policy 

Dialogue, Panos Institute of Southern Africa, Zambia’s Open University

Annex vii – Annual progress report 503RAF5000 

TABLE: Monitoring of radio programmes 

Listeners’ Assessment 

Radios’ Self-Assessment 

OF Radio programmes, the relevant indicators Radio programmes, all indicators 

WITH 

Listeners’, particularly poor women and 

girls. Other radios. 

Radio stations, including local 


ON 

a1) General 

* Quality of news coverage 

* News started or contributed to by correspondents 

* Editorial work 

* Use of monitoring methods and tools 

a2) Gender 

* Balanced presence of women and men 

* Stereotypes and multidimensional portrayal 

a3) ICTs 


* Broadcasting and delivery 

* Communication and interaction 

Three issues of local concern (generic 

indicators for issues, measuring knowledge, attitude 

and behavior after listening to related radio content) 

* Health issue 

* Agriculture issue 

* X issue 

Listening habits 

* Frequency of listening 

* Why they listen 

* What they listen to most 

* Examples of information received 

a1) General 

* Quality of news coverage 

* News started or contributed to by correspondents 


* Scheduling air time allocation 

* Use of monitoring methods and tools 

a2) Gender 

* Balanced presence of women and men 

* Stereotypes and multidimensional portrayal 

a3) ICTs, including problems experienced 

with the software “this month” 

* Transversal issues 

* Programming and editorial work 

* Broadcasting and delivery 

* Communication and interaction 

* Financial planning and management 

Three issues of local concern (generic 

indicators for all issues, related to a1) General, 

e.g. quantity of people phoned in, 10 sources 

Internet, social voices in X local issue, etc.) 

* Health issue 

* Agriculture issue 

* X issue 

Indicators for Results II and III 

19 

THRU Contractor’s external evaluation Radios’ self-assessment, plus 

contractor’s external evaluation 

WHEN One field evaluated per week All fields evaluated every 3 months 

HOW 

Automated (using ICTs: e.g. calls-in, SMS 

polls, quizzes). Aggregatable 

Automated (e.g. check-lists filled in by 

radios). Aggregatable 

Report 

Every 6 months = twice a year 

Contractor sends it to ACI, with an analysis. 

ACI rectifies or ratifies analysis and uploads 

it on the platform 

Every 3 months = 4 times a year 

Contractor sends radios’ and his/her 

assessment to ACI, with an analysis. ACI 

rectifies or ratifies analysis and uploads it 

on the platform

Annex viii - Annual progress report 503RAF5000 

Country 

Name of the radio 

Radio station 

frequency 

Telephone of the radio 

Address of the radio 

Contact person at the radio and 

contact details 

Democratic 

Republic of the 

Congo 

Radio Télé Déo Gratias FM 87.5 (00243) 997 019 571 

124, Lubumbahi Avenue, 

Kasumbalesa, Katang 

Province, DRC 

Solange Tshiloz Kamin (00243) 997 

019 571 

Democratic 


Congo 

Kimvuka na Lutondo FM 105 (00243) 815 193 974 

Kenge I, 

District of Kwango, Province of 

Bandundu, DRC 

B.P. 10.175 Kinshasa I RDC, 

info_rkl@yahoo.fr 

Godéfroid Pindi Zanga, 

Director 

(00243) 815 193 974, (00243) 998 

010 712 

gode_pindi@yahoo.fr 

Democratic 


Congo 

Radio Communautaire de 

Muanda 

FM 99 

(00243) 819 023 568, (00243) 

855 045 696, (00243) 899 207 

688 

Avenue de la Radio n° 3, 

Boimanu 

Muanda Cité, Bas Congo, 

DRC 

Jean Ndombasi 

(00243) 819 023 568 

atlantiquercm@yahoo.fr 

Democratic 


Congo 

Radio Bangu FM 106.4 (00243) 815 003 234 

Parking Hopital General de 

Reference IME, Kimpese, 

Songololo, Bas Congo, DRC 

Rigobert Malalako 

(00243) 815 003 234, (00243) 898 

366 238, (00243) 998 949 240, 

rigomalko@yahoo.fr 

Kenya Radio Maendeleo FM 98.1 (00254) 721 295 403 

P. O. Box 3947-40100 

Kisumu, Kenya 

Frederic Ochieng Mariwa, Chief 

Executive Officer 

(00254) 721 295 403 

fredricksmariwa@yahoo.com 

Kenya Mwanedu Fm FM 96.1 

(00254) 722 694 545, (00254) 

432 031 600 

Mwanedu Communications, 

Wess Apartments, Catholic 

Church Road, 

Voi, Taita Taveta County, 

Kenya 

P.O. Box 750-80300 

George Mwamodo, 

(00254) 722 694 545 

mwamodo@yahoo.com


Country 


Radio station 

frequency 





Kenya Radio Mang'elete FM 89.1 

(00254) 718 572 082, (00254) 

202 648 436 

P.O. Box 304 Mtito Andei, 

Kenya. 

(Nthongoni Market, 14Km 

West of Mtito Andei town in 

Makueni County) 

Meshack Nyamai 

Station Manager, (00254) 718 572 

082, (00254) 202 648 436 

mangeleteradio@gmail.com, 

nyamaimeshack@gmail.com 

Kenya Mug'ambo Jwetu Radio FM 102.3 (00254) 722 870 879 

P.O. Box 129-60602 Kianjai, 

Kenya 

Reuben Mukindia, Project Manager 

(00254) 734 881 925, (00254) 722 

870 879 

mukindiar@yahoo.com 

Lesotho Mafeteng Community Radio FM 107.7 

(0026) 628 701 322, (0026) 628 

322 368 

Mafeteng Multi-media Centre, 

P.O. Box 1384, Mafeteng, 

900, Lesotho 

Tieho Rankhone, 

Programme Coordinator 

(Communication and information), 

Lesotho National Commission for 

UNESCO, (0026) 658 973 772, 

(0026) 662 773 772, (0026) 622 315 

932 

rankhone@yahoo.co.uk 

South Africa Valley FM FM 88.8 (0027) 233 477 096 

Sohnge Building, 38 Grey 

Street, Worcester, 6850, 

South Africa 

Francois Marais, Station Manager 

(0027) 233 477 096 

(0027) 233 420 610 (fax) 

info@valleyfm.co.za 

South Africa Radio Riverside FM 98.2 (0027) 543 321 775 

3 Robinson Street, Upington, 

8800, South Africa 

Thabang Pusoyabone, Station 

Manager 

(0027) 543 321 775, 

(0027) 543 321 772, (0027) 543 323 

244 (fax) 

manager@radioriverside.co.za


Country 


Radio station 

frequency 





South Africa Radio Atlantis FM 107.9 (0027) 215 724 320 

Fernando Building, Mark 

Street, Atlantis, 7349, South 

Africa 

Rachel Watson, Station Manager 

(0027) 215 724 320, 

(0027) 866 124 832 (fax) 

rafmwatson@yahoo.com 

South Africa Jozi FM FM 105.8 (0027) 119 824 134 / 6686 

Ekhaya Centre Building, 1st 

Floor, Room 10. 

2212, Mahalefele Drive, Dube, 

1800, Soweto, South Africa 

Mpho Hector Mhlogo, Station 

Manager 

(0027) 119 824 134 / 6686 

(0027) 119 827 003 (fax) 

nkosir@jozifm.co.za 

South Africa Bush Radio FM 89.5 (0027) 214 485 450 

330 Victoria Road, Salt River, 

Cape Town, 7925, South 

Africa 

Brenda Leonard, Station Manager 

(0027) 214 485 450, 

(0027) 214 485 451 (fax) 

brenda@bushradio.co.za 

Tanzania Pambazuko FM FM 90.7 (00255) 716490619 

P.O. Box 475, Ifakara, 

Morogoro, Ruzinga Area, 

Tanzania 

Theresia Makungu 

Tanzania Kahama FM FM 90.8 (00255) 762 675 500 

P. O . Box 1065, 

Kahama, Shinyanga, 

Tanzania 

Mipawa Ng'wanangolelwa, Radio 

Manager 

(00255) 754 436 922 

marcomipawa@gmail.com 

Tanzania Mtegani FM FM 91.9 (00255) 777 853 157 

Mtegani, Makunduchi, 

Zanzibar, Tanzania 

Bilali Jihad Ramadhan, 

(00255) 777 853 157, (00255) 777 

455 893 

mteganifm@yahoo.com 

Saumu Ali Haji (00255) 772 103 157


Country 


Radio station 

frequency 





Tanzania Micheweni FM 97.4 (00255) 777 609 737 

P.O. Box 154, Micheweni, 

Pemba 

Zanzibar, Tanzania 

Khatib Juma Mjaja, Coordinator 

mjaja_70@yahoo.com 

Mohammed Shapandu Mwinyi, Radio 

Manager 

(00255) 777 463 543 

Tanzania FADECO Community Radio FM 100.8 

(00255) 754 605 682, (255) 688 

710 449 

Kagera Street, Kayanga 

Town, Ruzinga Area, P.O.Box 

223, Karagwe, Kagera 

Region, Tanzania. 

fadeco@satconet.net 

Joseph Sekiku (Chairperson), Lukas 

Kariongi, (00255) 787 870 126, 

lukaskariongi@gmail.com, 

ormame@omasi.org, 

Tanzania Kyela FM 96.0 

(00255) 759 307 280, 

(00255) 783 758 381 

Plot NO FF 129-130 

Kalumbulu, P.O. Box 600 

Kyela, Mbeya, Tanzania 

Abbas A. Mwakalinga, 

aambwene@hotmail.com, 

manager@kyelafm.org, 

info@kyelafm.org 

Tanzania Pangani FM 107.7 (00255) 272 630 033 P.O. Box 1 Pangani, Tanzania 

Vera Pieroth, Executive Director, 

(00255) 272 630 303, (00255) 272 

630 203 mamaveratz@gmail.com, 

Ismail Mwishashi 

Tanzania Okonorei FM 94.4 

(00255) 787402865, (00255) 

255787870126, (00255) 

785944945 

P.O. Box 12785, Arusha, 

Tanzania 

Lukas Kariongi, (00255) 787 87 01 

26, lukaskariongi@gmail.com, 

ormame@omasi.org, Khadija 

Abdallah, khadijajigge@yahoo.com


Country 


Radio station 

frequency 





Tanzania Sengerema FM 98.8 

(00255) 282 590 146, (00255) 

784 799 630, (00255)282 590 

146 (fax), 

P.O. Box. 399 Sengerema, 

Mwanza, Tanzania, radio. 

sengerema@yahoo.com, 

sengerematelecentre@yahoo. 

com 

Felicien Ncheye, Deputy Chairperson, 

ncheye@gmail.com 

Namibia Live FM (Rehoboth) FM 90.3 

(00264) 62 523 831, (00264) 62 

523 821 (fax) 

P.O. Box 3363, Rehoboth, 

Namibia 

Pieter Olivier, infinityfm8@gmail.com 

Namibia Ohangwena Community Radio FM 94.1 

(00264) 65 264 309, (00264) 65 

264 300, (00264) 65 263 033 

(fax) 

P.O. Box 13185, Eenhana, 

Namibia 

Walde Nataangwe Ndevashiya 

ndevashiyaw@eenhanatc.org.na 

Namibia Base FM FM 106.2 (00264) 61 263 726 

Clemens Kapuuo Street, 

Katutura, 9513, Windhoek, 

Namibia 

Mufaro Nesongano, admin@basefm. 

com.na 

Namibia !ah Radio FM 103.5 (00264) 67244120 

Tsumkwe settlement, San 

community, Tsumkwe, 

Namibia 

Ms. Theresia Mieze, Regional Head, 

+264 6744120, theresia.l. 

mieze@gmail.com 

Zambia Breeze FM FM 89.3 

(00260) 216 221 175, (00260) 

216 221 823 (fax) 

P.O. Box 511178, 866 

Parirenyatwa Road, Chipata, 

Zambia 

Michael Daka, Founder/Director, 

Skype ID: Mike.Daka


Country 


Radio station 

frequency 





Zambia Zambezi FM FM 107.7 (00260) 977 771 518 

P.O. Box 60587, Livingstone, 

Zambia, P.O. Box 33847, 

Lusaka, Zambia 

Swithin Haangala, 

swithinhaangala@yahoo.com, 

(00260) 977 771 518 

Zambia Radio Lyambai FM 101.3 (00260) 976 875 949 

P.O. Box 910240, Mongu, 

Zambia 

Mukeya Liwena, Station Manager, 

mliwena@yahoo.co.uk 

Zambia Mkushi FM 92.7 

(00260) 215 362 122, (00260) 

979 134 562 

P.O. Box 840228, Mkushi, 

Zambia 

Boniface Susa, mkushiradio@gmail. 

com 

Zambia Iso-Community Radio FM 93.7 

(00260) 977 432 913, (00260) 

979 120 485, (00260) 214 560 

134 

P.O. Box 440110, Isoka, 

Zambia 

Josphart Kaluba and Annie 

Nachilongo isofmcommunity@yahoo. 

com

Annex ix – Annual progress report 503RAF5000 

UNESCO Offices implementing the project 503RAF5000 

UNESCO Headquarters, Paris 

Mirta Lourenço 

Project Officer - Chief Media and Society 

m.lourenco@unesco.org 

Tel: +33 1 45 68 42 28 

South Africa, Lesotho, Namibia 

Lydia Gachungi 

l.gachungi@unesco.org 

Tel: +264 61 291 7210 

Dem. Rep. of the Congo 

Michel Kenmoe 

me.kenmoe@unesco.org 

Tel: +241 01762879 

United Republic of Tanzania 

Al-Amin Yusuph 

a.yusuph@unesco.org 

Tel: +255 22 2666623 

Joseph Poto Poto 

j.poto-poto@unesco.org 

Tel: + 243 99 9922917 

Zambia 

Hezekiel Dlamini 

h.dlamini@unesco.org 

Kenya 

Tel: +254 20 7622346 

Jaco Du Toit 

j.dutoit@unesco.org 

Tel: +2542076222346

Annex x – Annual progress report 503RAF5000 1 

ICTs in use 

Names and purposes 

Name of ICT 

Purpose 

Software 

Audacity 

Freedom Fone 

Frontline SMS 

Libre Office 

Mobile Partner SMS 

MyoB 

Open Doc Man 

Zara Radio 

Internet-based applications 

Blogs 

Dropbox 

Facebook 

Firefox (FOSS Browser) 

Mailing list 

Online streaming 

Podcast 

Skype 

Twitter 

Whatsapp 

Audio editing, Broadcasting 

Interaction, Monitoring, Engagement with audience 


Editorial work, Radio station's management, Financial management 


Financial management 

Editorial work, Radio station's management, Financial management 

Audio editing, Broadcasting 

Engagement with audience, Reaching out to broader audiences 

Sharing of radio programmes, Backup of programmes and radio 

station's management files 


Internet browsing 

Interaction, networking, exchange of good practices 

Broadcasting, Reaching out to broader audiences 

Broadcasting, Reaching out to broader audiences 

Editorial work (Interviewing) 

Interaction, Engagement with audience 

Interaction, Engagement with audience

Annex x – Annual progress report 503RAF5000 2 

Name of ICT 

Purpose 

Devices 

Audio recorder 

Computer 

External hard disc 

GPS 

Mobile Phones 

Tablet 

Editorial work, Interviewing 

Editorial work, Broadcasting, Management, Financial management, 

Using software, Internet 

Backup of programmes and radio station's management and financial 

files 

Identify geographic locations of audience (Orkonerei Radio, TZA) 

Reporting to radio station, interaction, sending and receiving SMS, 

Flash voting, Engagement with audience, Internet 

Editorial work, Interviewing, Internet

Annex xi - Annual progress report 503RAF5000 Progress towards output objectives 1 

DEMOCRATIC 

REPUBLIC OF THE 

CONGO 

Internet access 

Monitoring reports 

FOSS used in radio management 

(please see table 8 for more details) 

Male correspondents 

Female 


Regularity of contact with 

stations 

Devices being used 


Software (FOSS) 

being used by 


Turnover Patterns of incentivisation Radio programmatic content 

Name of radio station Before Now Method 

ICTs/FOSS being used 

for the monitoring 

reports 

Periodicity of the 

report 

Date of first 

report received 

Number of 

reports as of 

March 15th 

Before Now Before Now Before Now Before Now 

Number of trained correspondents 

that left the radio station since the 

project commencement 

Examples of content submitted by 


Kimvuka na Lutondo No Yes 

SMS polls advertised in 

the radio programmes 

Frontline SMS Monthly 15/02/2013 1 Zara, Mobile partner 

Audacity, Frontline SMS, 

MyoB, Open Doc Man 

0 9 0 1 0 Twice a week 

Libre Office; Internet 

Mobile phone, PC 

to send and receive 

from the radio station 

email 

None 

Paid to freelance (in relation to regular 

contact with radio station); training 

opportunities. 

Reports about visit of officials, stories about 

health. 

Bangu Yes Yes 



Frontline SMS Monthly 15/02/2013 1 

Zara radio, BPM, Adobe 

Audition, WinAmp, Virtual DJ 

Audacity, Frontline SMS, 

MyoB, Open Doc Man 

0 8 0 2 0 Once a week 





email 

None 




Stories exploring problems faced by the 

community. 

Moanda Yes Yes 



Frontline SMS Monthly 15/02/2013 1 Zara radio, Mobile partner 

Frontline SMS, MyoB, 

Open Doc Man 

0 13 0 5 0 Once a week 





email 

None 



opportunities; direct access to knowledge 

about some of the correspondents' 

activities (fishing and agriculture), 

sustaining their attachment to the station. 

Stories exploring problems faced by the 

community. 

Télé Déo Gratias Yes Yes 



Frontline SMS Monthly 15/02/2013 1 Zara radio 

Frontline SMS, MyoB, 

Open Doc Man, Audacity 

0 5 0 5 0 Twice a week 





email 

None 


contact with stations); training 


Car accidents, stories about health.


KENYA 






Female 



stations 




being used by 






reports 


report 

Date of first 


Number of 

reports as of 

March 15th 







Mangelete Yes Yes 

SMS polls advertised in the 

radio programmes (everyday 

receiving and compiling call 

ins) 

Mobile phones, 

Facebook, Blog 

Expected date of first 

monitoring report: 

15/04/13 

None In the process of adoption 0 2 0 0 Once a week Once a week Mobile phones, SMS 

In the process of 

adoption 

3 

Given wages (USD 8 per correspondent per 

day) 

Local stories on political rallies and public 

activities in Kenya; issues related to the 

environment and agriculture. 

Mug'ambo Yes Yes 

SMS polls advertised in the 

radio programmes (everyday 

receiving 5 to 10 call‐ins per 

programme, 30 call‐ins 

average in a day) 


Facebook 



15/04/13 

None In the process of adoption 0 4 0 2 Daily Daily Mobile phones, SMS 


adoption 

None 

Given air‐time on programme 

Stories about agriculture; local market 

information on agricultural products and 

daily prices. 

Mwanedu Yes Yes 

Short code method 

messaging service, mobile 

phones (receiving an average 

of 20 SMS per day) 


Facebook, Twitter 



15/04/13 

None In the process of adoption 2 2 0 0 Daily Daily Mobile phones, SMS 


adoption 

None 

Trainings opportunities 

Stories from the grassroots, mainly on 

agriculture 

Expected date of first monitoring 

report: 15/04/13 

Sauti No Yes 

Frontline SMS and call‐ins 

from the radio programmes. 

Listeners club are also 

incorporated into monitoring 

reports through one‐on‐one 

feedback sessions. Frontline 

SMS is running with their 

radio programmes. Audience 

feedback is compiled under 

the Frontline SMS topic 

folders. 

As an example, a programme 

on agriculture in average 

receives 120 feedback on 

weekly basis, but at times of 

the outbreak of diseases to 

control the pest, 163 

feedback had been received 

in one day. 

Frontline SMS, mobile 

phones, Facebook 

Facebook is a recent 

medium used for 

monitoring audience 

engagement where 

each staff has their 

own page to interact 

with the audience. 

This method has 

motivated radio staff 

to familarize with this 

tool and create 

ownership to their 

programming content. 



15/04/13 

Audacity, Frontline SMS Audacity, Frontline SMS 12 13 6 10 

Once or twice a 

week 

Daily 

Mobile phones, SMS, 

Computer 


adoption 

4 correspondents (3 male, 1 female) 

left the station due to their 

inappropriate code of conduct 

Rewarding correspondents who market the 

station. Established the comission 

percentage of 8%. 

At the end of every month, a certain set of 

% from the revenue is allocated for meal 

services. Wages are paid for internal 

correspondents ranging around USD 140. 

Women empowerment, agriculture, health, 

governance and environmental 

communication on climate change. 

On environmental communication, there is 

a focus on bringing indigenous knowledge 

together to promote climate resilience. 

Programmes share knowledge acquired at 

conventions and conferences with the 

audience by applying to local context and 

using local language.


LESOTHO 






Female 



stations 




being used by 






reports 


report 

Date of first 


Number of 

reports as of 

March 15th 







Mafeteng Yes Yes 

Focus groups, radio's 

self‐assessment, SMS 

polls and monitoring 

sheets. 

Monitoring database, 

mobile phones, call in 

polls and emails. 

Weekly 

Amarc contracted 

in Nov. 2012 but 

did not delivered 

satisfactory 

reports. Contract 

cancelled and reissued 

to Media 

Monitoring Africa 

in March 2013 

Expected for 

last week of 

April 

None (only commercial 

software) 

ICTs installation ongoing; 

FOSS required basic 

Internet access structures 

which were not in place 

before project. 

6 10 9 12 

Average of four 

times a year 

Twice a week 


recorders, laptop and 

office computers. 

Internet services and 

social media tools. 

Other FOSS in the 

process of 

implementation. 

None, however all personell are 

partime except the radio station 

manager. 

Monthly stipend, allowances to cover 

travel, recharge credit and lunches, 

training opportunities, part time 

engagement, provision of necessary 

equipment and facilities. 

Weekly programmes on health care 

concerns, discussions about income 

generation activities and childbirth 

concerns.


NAMIBIA 






Female 



stations 




being used by 






reports 


report 

Date of first 


Number of 

reports as of 

March 15th 







Base FM Yes Yes 

Ground researchers, 

Frontline SMS, 

radio's selfassessment, 

SMS polls, 

mobilephones, 

Microsoft excel sheet, 

monitoring sheets, 

call in polls 

focus groups 

Weekly 12/10/2012 10 


software) 

Frontline SMS, Social 

media and Internet 

services (Facebook, 

Twitter, Skype, Whatsapp, 

Instant messaging, online 

streaming, podcasts and 

blogging) 

4 7 2 4 

At most once or 

twice a year 

Twice a week 

tablet and notes, 

digital recorders, 

mobile phones, office 

computer. 

Audicity, MS office, 

Polaris, Adobe, 

Mobile phones 

applications, emails 

None 





equipment and facilities 

New gender programme hosted by a young 

women journalist twice a week 

Ohangwena No Yes 

Focus groups Fax, email, mobile 

interviews, radio's selfassessment, 

SMS polls, Installation of Internet 

phones, SMS. 

monitoring sheets, access underway. 

Weekly 12/10/2012 10 


software) 

ICTs installation ongoing, 

still to pick up on ICTs as 

basic Internet access 

structures were not in 

place before project 

commenced 

3 6 3 6 Quarterly Twice a week 


recorders, Laptop and 

office computer. 

MS office, Adobe, 

Mobile phones 


None 






Twice a week programme on gender and 

health, specially HIV prevention, hosted by 

a young correspondent 

Live FM Yes Yes 

Focus groups, radio's 


polls, monitoring 

sheets, 


phones, Microsoft 

excel sheet, call in 

polls. 

Weekly 12/10/2012 10 


software) 





Instant messaging) 

5 7 2 4 


twice a year 

Twice a week 



office computer. 


Mobile phones 


None 






Twice a week programme addressing the 

increase of gender violence in Rehoboth 

West Coast Yes Yes 

Focus groups,radio's 



sheets, 


phones, Microsoft 

excel sheet, call in 

polls. 

Weekly 12/10/2012 10 


software) 





Instant messaging) 

2 5 1 1 


twice a year 

Twice a week 

tablet and notes, 

digital recorders, 

mobile phones, 

laptops, office 

computer. 


Mobile phones 


None 






Three times a week programmes focusing 

on unemployment challenges in 

Swakpmound, dairy farming and health 

issues


SOUTH AFRICA 






Female 



stations 

Devices being 

used by 



being used by 






reports 


report 

Date of first report 

received 

Number of reports 

as of March 15th 







Radio Riverside Yes Yes 

Focus groups, radio 

self assessment, SMS 


sheets 



phones, call in polls 

and emails 

Weekly 

Expected for last 

week of April 

None 

Freedom Fone, Social 






blogging) 

17 20 9 13 


year 

Average twice a 

month 

Tablet, digital 

recorders, mobile 

phones, radio station's 

computer 

Audicity,Polaris, 

Mobile phones 

applications 

None 






Weekly programme on HIV/Aids prevention 

and other STI infections, teenage pregnancy 

and access to health care 

Bush FM Yes Yes 




sheets 




and emails 

Weekly 



None 







blogging) 

5 6 10 13 Twice a month Twice a week 




computer 

Audicity,Polaris, 

Mobile phones 

applications 

None 






Weekly programmes on handling 

employment challenges, health issues and 

education on farming 

Atlantis Yes Yes 




sheets 




and emails 

Weekly 

Amarc contracted in 

November 2012 but did 

not deliver satisfactory 

reports. Contract cancelled 

and re‐issued to Media 

Monitoring Africa in March 

2013 



None 






streaming) 

2 6 2 5 


year 

Twice a week 



radio station's 

computer 

Internet‐based 

applications 

None 






Weekly programmes on accessibility of 

land, teenage pregnancy and health care 

Valley FM Yes Yes 




sheets 




and emails 

Weekly 



None 






streaming) 

3 7 5 7 


year 

Twice a week 



radio station's 

computer 


applications 

None 






Twice a week programme on high 

prevalence of drug and alcohol abuse 

Jozi FM Yes Yes 




sheets 




and emails 

Weekly 



None 







blogging) 

28 27 25 25 


year 

Twice a week 




computer 

Audicity, Polaris, 


applications 

1 






Weekly programme on: causes and impact 

of substance abuse; crime and youth in 

Soweto; accessibility of land


TANZANIA 






Female 



stations 

Devices being 

used by 



being used by 






reports 

Periodicity of the report 

Date of first 


Number of 

reports as of 

March 15th 







FADECO Yes Yes 

Frontline SMS polls 

advertised in the radio 

Frontline SMS, Instant 

programmes, 

message services, 

Facebook, Yahoo 

social media channels, 

messenger, blog, 

phone calls. 

Skype. Use of Freedom 

Fone underway 

Monthly 01/12/2012 4 Zara radio 

Libre Office, Audacity, MyoB, 

Dropbox, Mozilla Firefox (installed 

in laptops provided by UNESCO) , 

Email, Mailing list, Digital voice 

recorders (provided by UNESCO) 

21 21 0 7 Daily 

Paricipation on 

daily news and 

weekly on 

programmes 

Mobile phones, audio 

recorders 

Audacity, Zara Radio, 

Frontline SMS 

2 

Programmes sensitizing the community 

about "bakteri" a disease affecting banana 

Transport, airtime allowance, personal card 

crops; programmes creating awareness on 

to mobilize resources for sponsorship, 

gender based violence campaigning 16 Days 

percentage of sponsored 

of activism; programmes on constitutional 

programmes/advertisements 

review process; programmes on HIV/AIDS 

prevention. 

Kahama Yes Yes 

Facebook, emails, 

phone calls 

Phone call, Short 

codes push mobile (a 

short number for 

callers easily 

remember and call in) 

Monthly 13/12/2012 4 None 


Mozilla Firefox (installed in 

laptops provided by UNESCO) , 



2 3 0 3 Daily Daily 

Mobile phones, audio, 

radio station's laptops 

Frontline SMS 1 Airtime allowance, transport 

Programmes on health‐sanitation, cholera, 

HIV/AIDS, malaria, reproductive health; 

Programmes on good governance; 

Programmes about environment issues; 

Programmes on agriculture, creating 

awareness on good farming, different types 

of diseases affecting tobacco and promoting 

crops resistant to drought. 

Kyela No Yes 

Digital questionnaire 

(text editor) after 

every programme. 

Also audience 

feedback from Email, 

Frontline SMS, and 

phone calls. 

Text editor, Frontline 

SMS, mobile phone, 

recorders 

Twice a week through 

assessment done 

manually in meetings. 

Once it starts in May, 

monitoring periodicity will 

be once a week. 

Expected for May 

None 

Libre Office, Adobe Audacity, 

MyoB, Dropbox, Mozilla Firefox 

(installed in laptops provided by 

UNESCO) , Email, Mailing list, 

Digital voice recorders (provided 

by UNESCO) 

4 8 1 3 Once a week 

4 times per 

correspondent 

daily 

Audio recorders, 

mobile phones 


Frontline SMS 

None 

Transport allowance 

Programmes on quality seeds; Programmes 

on health. 

Micheweni Yes Yes 

Phone calls, Frontline 

SMS 

Phone calls Once a week Expected for May 

None 




Excel,Email, Mailing list, Digital 

voice recorders (provided by 

UNESCO) 

4 4 2 3 Once a week 

daily news and 

weekly on 

programmes 

Analogue recorders, 

mobile phones 

Audacity 1 Allowance depending on income 

Weekly programmes about girls' education; 

weekly programmes on fishing and 

seaweed; Programmes on gender. 

Mtegani No Yes 

Phone calls, live 

broadcast through 

advert 

Email, SMS, Phone 

Calls, Digital Voice 

Recorders 






recorders (provided by UNESCO), 

New 300 Watts transmitter. 

5 6 6 7 None Daily 


mobile phones, radio 

station's laptops 

Audacity 

None 

Allowance of USD 31 per month, training 

opportunities 

Programmes on: reproductive health, 

childcare; fishing, different types of 

diseases affecting banana crops; proper use 

of fertilizers; mobilizing and sensitizing the 

community in promoting peace and 

security; income generation; and addressing 

gender discrimination. 

Orkonerei Yes Yes 

Phone calls, Frontline 

SMS, Facebook 

Recorder, GPS to 

Monthly, and also after 

identify geographic 

trainings to assess impact. 

locations of audience 

01/10/2012 4 None 








mobile phones 

Audacity, Zara Radio 1 

Allowance of USD 31 per month, training, 

airtime. 

Programmes on land rights; constitutional 

review process; reproductive health, gender 

and female genital mutilation; and land 

conservation and livestock. 

Pambazuko No Yes Call‐in, Frontline SMS 

external hard disc and 

back up computer 

Monthly 

Expected for May 

None 






5 5 1 1 

according to 

assignment 

according to 

assignment 

Mobile phones, radio 


Audacity 

None 

Dicussion on possible financial allowance 

to correspondents, airtime, training 

Programmes about sanitation, HIV/AIDS, 

alternative medicine, diseases; Programmes 

about seeds for better crops and fertilizers. 

Pangani Yes Yes 

Call‐in, Frontline SMS, 


phones 

external hard disc and 

back up computer 










mobile phones, audio 

Frontline SMS 


None 

Incentive strategy will follow completion of 

business plan as part of the fund 

mobilization strategy. 

Programmes on gender equality, 

environmental conservation, HIV and AIDS, 

reproductive health, family planning, 

entrepreneurship and promotion of copra 

production (derived from coconut) 

Sengerema Yes Yes 

Frontline SMS, Phone 

calls 

Mobile phone, 

recorders 








Mobile phones, audio 

recorders, radio 



Frontline SMS 

1 

Allowance of USD 6 per month, mobile 

phones, 10% of sponsored programme, 

training opportunities, USD 6 bundle 

smartphone underway 

Programmes mobilizing the community on 

food production and entrepreneurship. 

Programmes sensitizing the community on 

health related issues e.g. malaria, HIV/AIDS, 

reproductive health, cholera; Programmes 

on gender related issues (16 days of 

activism), gender based violence etc.


ZAMBIA 






Female 



stations 




being used by 




ICTs/FOSS being used for the 

monitoring reports 


report 

Date of first 


Number of 

reports as of 

March 15th 







Breeze FM Yes Yes 



Frontline SMS, Mobile 

Partner SMS and flash Voting. 

Flash voting uses two 

separate cellphone numbers, 

one for YES and the other for 

NO. Listeners call the number 

according to their vote to a 

simple poll question. The calls 

are not answered so that the 

caller does not pay airtime, 

then the missed calls are 

counted ( technique 

introduced by the project 

workshops) 

Monthly 10/04/2012 

3 written 

reports and a 

phone interview 

once a month 

Frontline SMS Frontline SMS 4 4 1 0 Once a week 3 times a week 

Mobile phone 

(including Internet on 

mobile phone) and 

audio recorders 

Use of Internet‐based 

applications, in the 

process of adopting 

FOSS 

1 Producer's fee 

Live news reports from public events and 

places (e.g. markets, etc); a live coverage of 

a local by‐lelection; weekly documentary 

interviews on gender‐based violence 

Iso No Yes SMS and Flash voting 

Ordinary SMS counting and 

flash Voting 

Monthly 22/10/12 

3 written 

reports and a 


once a month 

None 

In the process of adopting 

FOSS 


Mobile phone and 



adopting FOSS 

None 

Transport and lunch allowances and 

producer's fee 

Live news reports from public places (e.g. 

community meetings); weekly documentary 

interviews on HIV/AIDS initiatives for the 

series “Gender and You” 

Mkushi No Yes SMS and Flash voting 

Ordinary SMS counting and 

flash Voting 

Monthly 20/10/2012 

3 written 

reports and a 


once a month 

None 


FOSS 


Mobile phone and 



adopting FOSS 

None 




markets, community and cooperative 

meetings); Weekly documentary interviews 

for the series “Imikalile yaba mayo” (e.g: 

addressing access to water) 

Lyambai No Yes SMS and Flash voting 

Ordinary counting SMS and 

flash Voting 

Monthly 10/08/2012 

3 written 

reports and a 


once a month 

None 


FOSS 


Mobile phone 


mobile phone) and 



adopting FOSS 

None 




markets, community meetings); weekly 

documentary interviews for the series on 

“Women’s magazine” on teen pregnancy 

Zambezi Yes Yes 



Frontline SMS and flash 

Voting 

Monthly 31/10/12 

3 written 

reports and a 


once a month 

None Frontline SMS 4 4 1 1 Once a week 3 times a week 

Mobile phone 


mobile phone), 

computer and audio 

recorders 

Use of Internet‐based 

applications, in the 

process of adopting 

FOSS 

None 

Producer's fee 

Live news reports from public places and 

events; weekly documentary interviews for 

the series on “Winning women” 

addressing tourism and the environment, 

prostitution, etc.

Annex xii – Annual progress report 503RAF5000 

Detailed information per country and radio station 

1. Results noted among beneficiaries in radio stations by country .......................................... 2 

2. Primary results on gender equality issues and on the role of radio stations as social service 

providers .................................................................................................................................... 9 

3. How the activities are benefiting poor women and girls ......................................................15 

4. How the weekly monitoring is being used and its benefits ..................................................20 

5. How ICTs are being used at each and every station, the advances after project start, main 

problems and future plans for each radio station .......................................................................25 

6. Changes in radio stations ...................................................................................................34

2 

1. Results noted among beneficiaries in radio stations by 

country 


Bangu 

• Increased airtime for programs on health, agriculture and the environment as follows: 

• 7% of airtime to programs on health, compared to 3% before the implementation 

of the project; 

• 31% of airtime to programs on agriculture, compared to 28% before the 

implementation of the project; 

• 31% of airtime to programs on the environment, compared to 2% before the 

implementation of the project. 

• Bangu FM has now 20 trained members compared to 5 before the implementation of the 

project. 

• From January to March 2013, there were 30 reports from local correspondents at Radio 

Bangu compared to none before the implantation of the project. 

• The training in management and financial management enabled the radio staff to 

acquire the basic tools of personnel management and financial management. This 

included codes of conduct for journalists, rules applicable to staff and correspondents, 

better accounting plans and budgeting. 

Deogratias 

• Increased the airtime for programs on health, agriculture and the environment as follows: 

• 31% of airtime to programs on health, compared to 20% before the 




• 38% of airtime to programs on education, compared to 20% before the 


• The radio has now 20 trained members compared to 3 before the implementation of the 

project. 

• From January to March 2013, there were 28 reports from local correspondents, while 

there were no reports before the implantation of the project. 

• The training in management and financial management enabled the radio to acquire the 

basic tools of personnel management and financial management. These include codes 

of conduct for journalists, rules applicable to staff and correspondents, better accounting 

plan and budget. 

• Subsequent training, including income generation, will put radios in line with services 

available by ICTs. 

Kimvuka 

• Increased airtime for programs on health, agriculture and the environment as follows: 

• 8% of airtime to programs on health, compared to 2% before the implementation 

of the project; 




implementation of the project.

3 

• The radio has now 16 trained staff members compared to 2 before the implementation of 

the project. 

• From January to March 2013, there were 15 reports from local correspondents 

compared to none before the implantation of the project at radio Kimvuka na Lutondo. 

Moanda 

• Increased the airtime for programs on health, agriculture and the environment as the 

following: 

• 12% of airtime to programs on health, compared to 5% before the 






• The radio has now 20 trained members compared to 3 before the implementation 

of the project. 

• From January to March 2013, there were 42 correspondents’ reports and 8 

interviews at Community Radio of Moanda compared to none before the 

implantation of the project. 

Kenya 1 

Sauti FM 

• After the I.1.5 activity “Editorial, programming and monitoring including radio formats and 

gender“, the monitoring indicated that a high number of men found the program to be 

useful (M82%, F76%). Both men and women identified the program to be educative and 

informative and recognized the importance of the programme to be beneficial in their 

community. 

• Following the workshop to raise the capacities to produce radio programmes, more 

environmental programmes were created, using indigenous knowledge to bridge climate 

change and adaptation with agriculture. In the programmes, issues of sustainable 

farming methods, degradation of soil, deforestation and pollution were also discussed by 

translating knowledge obtained at conventions and conferences into the local language 

and context to explain the benefit and consequences. 

Mangelete 

• Agriculture programmes now include content related to drought management which 

gave advice to farmers on how to be successful farmers. They also alert farmers on 

seasons and right seeds to plant. 

• The training programmes related to civic education yielded new radio programmes on 

conflict resolution and sensitized people through announcements on radio on the need 

for peaceful relationships and harmony among the various communities. 

Mwanedu 

• Mwanedu radio station contributed to a higher level of assertiveness in the community 

with more people visiting government offices to demand services. 

• The quality of agriculture programmes increased due to better collaboration with local 

government authorities. Agriculture officers from the municipality provide technical 

1 Project implementation in Kenya only started in August 2012.

4 

information and NGO staffs are invited to the radio station to engage with the farmers at 

the grassroots level by answering to the questions received through call-ins and thus 

using ICTs in radio programming and diffusion. 

• A programme on female genital mutilation was also broadcasted within the general 

health programming schedule increasing the role of correspondents to feed local news 

and collecting testimonies. 

Mugambo Jweto 

• Following the workshop on editorial, programming and monitoring matters (Activity I.1.5) 

the radio programmes on agriculture are providing more beneficial information for the 

local community with reports on local markets and agricultural products; providing 

essential information for local men and women in doing business. 

Lesotho 

Mafeteng 

• In the Mafeteng Community, there is an increased number of educational programmes 

and involvement of communities in programs - evidenced by UNESCO Natcom Report 

on Mafeteng Radio programming during the World Radio Day, indicating high increase 

and interest in community member’s involvement in the programming. 

• Immediate follow-up to the training on management, editorial and programming triggered 

the creation and implementation of a policy document in December 2012 to guide 

administrative, management and editorial policies. 

Namibia 

Live FM 

• Following the project’s interventions, a new weekly programme schedule was put in 

place addressing smoking, drugs, alcohol, domestic violence, food prices and promotion 

of agriculture. 

• Structures that support community involvement such as having a board elected by the 

community have been gradually put in place. 

• The radio station recruited more correspondents/volunteers gathering information and 

reporting on the areas of public concern. 

Base FM 

• Poverty alleviation skills, unemployment, land and food supply content has been 

included in the weekly programming schedule of Base FM. 

• Weekly Listeners assessment reveal there is now high percentage of local news and 

relevant to the community and programmes focusing on the three issues of their 

concerns. 

West Coast FM 

• Data collected through the weekly monitoring period between November 2012 and 

February 2013 from West Coast FM showed that 97% of the respondents said education 

is of high relevance, as well as community day to day issues (94%), followed by health 

(67%). These programmes had addressed two issues of public concerned as revealed 

by the assessment, namely “lack of health care education” and “unemployment due to 

lack of sufficient education”.

5 

Ohangwena 

• The programme schedule was reviewed in March 2013 and there was an increase of 

local content. 

• The newly trained group of volunteers and one staff member have notably improved the 

number of educational and community relevant programmes. 

South Africa 

• There are more programmes focusing on issues of public concern in each radio station. 

Evidence is through the programmes shared through online mentoring programme being 

carried out by the Media Training Centre (MTC) for all the five radio stations, which 

commenced after the training on November 2012. 

• Investigative journalism being carried out by the radio stations leading to quality 

production of programmes. Evidence is the programmes shared through the MTC online 

mentoring programme. 

• Skills acquired through the training on editorial and programming are evidenced through 

the feedback received from the radios self-assessment as radio producers in these 

participating stations now have a clear focus on issues of concern as well as to 

determine the information needs of each community they serve. Evidence collected from 

staff during the national forum meeting held in February 2013 

Radio Atlantis 

• The radio station has now included issues of public local concern (health, teenage 

pregnancy and agriculture) in their programming. 

• Applying the skills developed in the training sessions, the radio staff now involves the 

community in producing programmes. 

Valley FM 

• There is now more focus on specific issues under health, especially drug abuse and 

alcohol and agriculture specifically land issues and access to farming seeds. 

• Crime, which had been cited as a major concern in this vicinity, is now being addressed 

through the weekly programming at Valley FM before the project’s activities. 

Jozi FM 

• Previously, it was suggested by the regulator entity the risk of withdrawing the 

community licence due to focusing too much on financial gains than programming that is 

community oriented. To avoid that, project activities have been assisting the station in 

refocusing and retaining its public service alignment. 

• The station has been most enthusiastic in increasing the quality of programming by 

focusing on community involvement and programming that addresses the issues of 

public concern of their target audience. 


• Regarded as the best community service radio station in SA, the intervention through the 

skills imparted on the staff, and the assessment outcome on the issues of the public 

concern within the signal reach have further increased the educational and development 

oriented programmes in this station, making it even more community oriented. 

• Radio Riverside increased its role of mentoring the other South Africa, Namibia and 

Lesotho stations under this project through sharing of ideas in workshops and allowing 

visits to their studios from other stations.

6 

Bush FM 

• Bush FM, the mother of community radio stations in SA has been the most active in 

implementing the assessment outcomes through reprogramming to refocus on areas of 

public concern such as unemployment, lack of education and access to health care. 

• Bush FM has intensified their efforts to recruit new correspondents, training and request 

for capacity building from the project. 

Tanzania 

Across the nine radio stations engaged in Tanzania, significant results have been observed in 

the following core areas: 

1. Correspondents Network: its evolution through the project has resulted in changes in 

the professional and technical practices, content development, and significantly, in the 

mindsets of practitioners, most of whom come from modest backgrounds in other 

vocations, which have now begun to identify and take pride in themselves as reporters. 

Through the use of ICTs (email, blogs, Facebook, mobiles, etc.) correspondents 

enhanced both the dissemination of information, and the strategies of information 

gathering across and within the networks. 

2. Organizational management: The recognition among community managers and 

practitioners of the need for accountability and transparency in station management has 

notably increased. The result has been changes in leadership practices through 

participatory processes, which are evolving away from the prior tendency of 

concentrating decision-making power and authority at the top. 

3. Involvement of Community Radio Boards: Members have developed a clearer 

conception of their roles, for example, that their participation follow-up is required in day 

to day operations and through accountability mechanisms SMS, not just “rubber 

stamping”. 

4. Financial Management: For the first time ever, accountants of community radios have 

been engaged by the project to give them a better understanding of the needs and value 

of their contributions to the sustainability of their stations. Evidence has shown that some 

of the accountants have improved results applying techniques introduced in the training, 

including the use of computers with financial software packages, and training in 

entrepreneurship that developed capacities for resource mobilization. 

Specific demonstrations of these results per radio are highlighted in the following: 

Fadeco 

• Business plan development underway, ongoing training and monitoring provided; ontrack 

for target 2 completion by December 2013. 

• Radio programming sponsorships and grants solicited from government ministries, 

Community-Based Organizations, Non-Governmental Organizations, and 

communication companies on community radio-related issues, e.g. Fadeco partnership 

with GoT Constitutional Desk to mobilize and facilitate community participation in the 

Constitutional review process (programming, focus groups, etc.). 

2 Corresponds to the target for each community radio to have a business plans by December 2013.

7 

Kahama 

• Resource mobilization strategy formulated and launched using workshop techniques. 


for target completion by December 2013. 

• 35.6% increase achieved in income following the workshop on entrepreneurship and 

income generation (held on February 2013). Reports from radio accountant attribute 

success to the application of workshop techniques. 

Kyela 



Micheweni 




Mtegani 






communication companies on community radio-related issues, e.g. strategic partnership 

formed with Zantel (telecommunications company) for programme sponsorship 

Orkonerei 



Pambazuko 

• Resource mobilization strategy formulated and launched using workshop techniques 



Pangani 



Sengerema 

• Resource mobilization strategy formulated and launched using workshop techniques 

• Business plan development underway, ongoing training and monitoring provided; Ontrack 




communication companies on community radio-related issues, e.g. Sengerema 

sponsorship from SIDO (Small Industries Development Organization) to do programmes 

to promote small enterprise development and improve their productivity, focused on 

agriculture and livestock (part of the “MUVI” Programme).

8 

Zambia 

Breeze FM 

• There is an increase of live reports using mobile phone from the 2 correspondents that 

were trained by the project, including the coverage of a local election. 

• There is systematic contracting of correspondents in place. 

• News editors acquired new skills in developing editorial policies, monitoring gender 

stereotyping in radio content and conducting audience surveys. 

• Correspondents opened Facebook, Twitter and Skype accounts for the first time and 

acquired skills for using social media to interact with their audience online. 

Iso FM 

• Iso FM reported increased diversity of interviews by their trained correspondents. 

• It has started the contracting of correspondents. 

• As a result of trainings, Iso FM news editors acquired new skills to develop editorial 

policies, monitor gender stereotyping in radio content and how to conduct audience 

surveys. 

• Two trained correspondents opened Facebook, Twitter and Skype accounts for the first 

time and acquired skills for using social media to interacting with audience. 

• Interviews were carried out with officials in Lusaka and Zambians in South Africa through 

Skype for the first time. 

Radio Lyambai 

• There has been an increase in the news reports and documentaries produced by their 

trained correspondents. 

• It has defined and put in practice the process of contracting correspondents. 

• Two Radio Lyambai news editors built capacities on developing editorial policies, 

monitoring gender stereotyping in radio content and conducting audience surveys. 

• Correspondents opened Facebook, Twitter and Skype accounts for the first time and 

acquired skills for using social media to interacting with audience. 

Mkushi FM 

• There has been an increase in news reports from the radio’s trained correspondents. 

• The contracting of correspondents has been started. 

• New skills were developed by two news editors of radio Mkushi in developing editorial 

policies, monitoring gender stereotyping in radio content and conducting audience 

surveys. 

• Two correspondents participated in trainings and opened Facebook, Twitter and Skype 

accounts for the first time, besides acquiring skills for using social media to interact with 

audience. 

Zambezi FM 

• There has been increased local news reporting supported with actualities and follow-up 

of developing stories. 

• There is systematic contracting of correspondents. 

• Two news editors learned how to develop editorial policies, monitor gender stereotyping 

in radio content and how to conduct audience surveys.

9 

2. Primary results on gender equality issues and on the 

role of radio stations as social service providers 


Radio Bangu 

• Introduction of radio programmes promoting and encouraging women to discuss 

women’s issues of concern. 

• Administrative Staff: 80% of men and 20% of women compared to 100% of men before 

the implementation of the project. 

• Journalistic Team: 89% of men and 11% of women compared to 100% of men before 


• Radio broadcasts facilitators: 84% of men and 16% of women compared to 90% of men 

and 10% of women before the implementation of the project. 

• Guests to participate to the programs: 68% of men and 32% of women compared 

to 90% of men and 10% of women before the implementation of the project. 

• Reactions (mobile participations): 70% of men and 30% of women compared to 80% of 

men and 20% of women before the implementation of the project. 

Deogratias 

• Addition of programs on gender in order to encourage the participation of women in 

programmes. 

• Administrative Staff: 33% of men and 67% of women compared to 50% of men and 50% 

of women before the implementation of the project. 

• Journalistic Team: 80% of men and 20% of women compared to 90% of men and 10% 




• Presenters: 72% of men and 28% of women compared to 90% of men and 10% of 

women before the implementation of the project. 

• Guests to participate to the programs: 65% of men and 35% of women compared to 

95% of men and 5% of women before the implementation of the project. 

• Reactions(mobile participations): 63% of men and 37% of women compared to 85% of 


Kimvuka 


emissions. 

• Administrative Staff: 63% of men and 37% of women compared to 90% of men and 10% 


• Journalistic Team: 90% of men and 10% of women compared to 100% of men before 


• Radio broadcasts facilitators: 70% of men and 30% of women compared to 100% of 

men before the implementation of the project. 

• Presenters: 90% of men and 10% of women compared to 100% of men before the 



100% of men before the implementation of the project.

10 


men before the implementation of the project. 

Radio Moanda 


emissions. 

• Administrative Staff: 33% of men and 67% of women compared to 100% of men before 


• Journalistic Team: 82% of men and 18% of women compared to 90% of men and 10% 




• Presenters: 81% of men and 19% of women compared to 90% of men and 10% of 

women before the implementation of the project. 


95% of men and 5% of women before the implementation of the project. 



• 

Kenya 

Sauti FM 

Sauti FM organized training on gender sensitive reporting (Activity 1.1.5). The workshop 

touched on formulating gender sensitive story idea and programming formats. Stories were 

developed targeting specific audiences incorporating the findings from the SIDA funded 

baseline survey. Interviewing techniques and method were discussed from the ethical and 

geographical (locality) viewpoints contributing towards more local news from an increased 

geographical scope. Practical interviewing basics using recorders, mobile phones were 

demonstrated as well as conducting telephone interviews. 

In Kenya, the project started in August 2013. As activity 1.1.5 and weekly monitoring has not 

been conducted yet in Mangelete, Mwanedu and Mugambo Jweto, the results cannot be 

assessed for the moment. 

Lesotho 

Mafeteng Community Radio 

During the assessment carried out in 2012, 31% of the male respondents were found to be 

more likely to participate on the radio programmes than women at 23% including their 

involvement as volunteers at the radio station. Currently the ratio is 50:50 an improvement of 

women interest and participation in the community radio station. 

Namibia 

Base FM 

• The station has now 4 women presenters and reporters and 7 men. This is an 

improvement from the initial number of 2 women and increase from 4 men.

11 

• A programme aired twice a week addressing gender issues was included in the 

schedule and there is noticeable participation of public as reported in the radio selfassessment 

and weekly monitoring. 

• A weekly listener’s survey indicates more demand for programs specifically for women 

on topics such as health, hygiene, pregnancy, family planning, financial advice, and 

abuse/violence against women, especially addressing passion killing, a rampant issue in 

Namibia, especially in urban areas. 

Ohangwena 

• Gender focus monitoring carried out in January 2013 assessed the gender focus on 

programming at Ohangwena radio (OCR). The cycle evaluated the percentage of 

stories and/or issues on women, gender equality, occupation of female listeners, 

stereotypes and promotion of multi-dimensional portrayal and balanced presence of 

women and men in media coverage. OCR data shows that there is now equality in the 

number of voices heard as well as on diversity of backgrounds from the participants. The 

imbalance is at the expertise level where OCR shows male experts (79%) and female 

(78%). This reveals still a gender imbalance of voices heard in the programme but 

already with some improvement. 

Live FM 

• Live FM has maintained a gender imbalance over the years of its existence. Total 

number of staff is 5, composed by 4 male presenters/producers and 1 female 

administrative officer. The station manager, who is male, also works as a 

presenter/producer. This mix is changing with the training of 5 new correspondents and 

provision of transport allowance and reporting facilities for the 5 correspondents, 3 

female and 2 male. 

West Coast 

• West Coast has maintained a lean staff, majority being male, including the owner of the 

station. Only one woman works as a staff. Efforts to intervene in training more 

correspondents with a focus on having more female on board have not been fruitful due 

to lack of participation in training activities citing shortage of staff and volunteers to 

participate. Please see further details about West Coast’s participation in the project in 

topic number 5. 

South Africa 

In South African radio stations there is now close to equal number of women and men that radio 

station managers propose for trainings. Gender equality by station managers is currently being 

taken more seriously. This also includes young women selected as correspondents for training 

and establishing the network. Most focus groups now are comprised of women whose issues of 

concern contribute to the content development for radio programmes. 

The top three community issues noted, and being addressed through the radio, are: crime, drug 

abuse and unemployment. It is interesting to note that this trend has turned to be the highest 

number of programmes across all radio stations regarding community issues after the training 

held in November 2012. There is clear evidence that the radios are now focusing on issues of 

public concern.

12 

Jozi FM 

As a result of the audience survey, 38% of the known female participants said crime is an 

important community issue, as opposed to 18% male respondents. Based on that, Jozi FM 

created a regular programme addressing crime from a female perspective, tackling gender 

issues besides increasing crime rates. 

Bush FM 

Community members’ engagement, especially focus groups discussions, now reflects close to 

50% representation by women. This station has been the keenest in ensuring their 

programming addresses issues identified in the assessment and audience survey and has a 

weekly programming focusing on women related challenges. The female station manager 

ensures the production of women’s issues weekly programmes and gender balance in the radio 

schedule. Participants proposed for training have been in equal ratio of men and women. Bush 

FM continues to focus on programming that has community participation and addressing issues 

of local concern despite its current financial challenges. 


The station manager at Atlantis is a woman who ensures that the radio programmes advocate 

women’s issues. A weekly programme addressing teenage pregnancy and its consequences is 

aired, since this was the topic of local concern identified by the project’s survey. More female 

volunteers have been recruited to the radio station, evidenced by the number of female radio 

volunteers selected and present in various trainings. 


Radio Riverside has excelled not only in community involvement in its activities but also 

focusing on broadcasting of gender focused programmes. There was also a 20% increase of 

the female staff at the radio station, and at least two weekly programmes addressing young 

women issues of concern. The SIDA funded training has enabled the radio staff to package and 

present programmes that are gender balanced. This station is now a study-case in regional 

programming, where community needs are driving financially stable radio stations. 

Valley FM 

Valley FM has rescheduled its programming to incorporate the recommendations emanating 

from the assessment and surveys by ensuring gender balanced programming and inclusion of 

new programmes. The impact and outcome of this will revealed by the weekly monitoring report 

due end of April 2013. 

Tanzania 

For the nine participating radios, enhanced contributions have been observed in station 

contributions to local social services, through the improved delivery of critical information and 

news on issues of local concern. 

In the management and operations of the nine radios, recognition of the importance of gender 

equality has been enhanced through workshops and training. In several radios, practitioners 

have responded through the development of specialized gender programming and increasing 

representation of women, for example, Fadeco’s launch of a campaign against gender-based 

violence, Kahama’s initiation of a programme for and by women, and Pangani’s scaling-up of 

gender programming. Results from Pangani included the contributions of an exceptional female 

correspondent, awarded by the BBC for Best Radio Programming and Best Scripts on Gender,

13 

and sent for a two week journalism learning exchange in the UK. Improvements have also been 

noted in operations, for example, the female management in Sengerema. 

Results per radio can be found in the following: 

Fadeco 

• Increased sensitization on the topic of gender-based violence against women and 

children, particularly through women practitioners, promoting debate among the 

community. Next steps are focused on community radio campaign on the subject to 

raise awareness. A workshop is the next projection. 

• Increase in representation of women (more women correspondents recruited, new 

female station manager). 

• Gender-based violence programming launched and strengthened. 

Kahama 

• The programmes on good governance have had an impact in one village known as 

Gamboshi. Since independence, no government leaders or parliamentarians were seen 

in the village. During elections, residents rarely exercised their right to vote because of 

the lack of access to information. Government officials/parliamentarians fear to go there 

because of the spreading myth and misconception of witchcraft in the village. Kahama 

FM helped to sensitize the community after reaching out to the village, making people in 

the surrounding area more aware that Gamboshi is a safe place. 

• Kahama FM is also implementing an OXFAM Project using the UNESCO methodology 

since November 2012. The station was awarded the first place among five radio stations 

in the project for best programmes on governance. 

• New recruitment included a female news reader. 

• A new radio programme for women was launched. 

Kyela 

• Programmes on good governance cultivated debate in the community to make leaders 

accountable. The debates called the attention of the local government leader who invited 

the community radio station representatives for discussion. 

Micheweni 

• The radio station manager staff are currently revisiting editorial and gender policy. 

• Initiated new radio programmes focused on gender equality. 

Mtegani 

• The station is credible in mobilizing and sensitizing the community on their issues to 

promote peace and security, despite being a newly launched community radio station 

with little resources and capacity. 

• Currently revisiting editorial and gender policy. 


Orkonerei 

• The radio station has succeeded in mobilizing the Maasai pastoralists to advocate for 

their land rights. 

• Editorial and Gender Policy revisited. 


• Female monitoring and evaluation manager recruited.

14 

Pambazuko 

• Through radio programmes, the radio station successfully mobilized the community on 

health issues and crop production (rice). 

• Revisiting editorial and gender policy. 

Pangani 

• Pangani radio has an impact on good governance and HIV and AIDS education. 


• Gender sensitive programmes strengthened. 

• Female correspondent, who had participated in the project’s trainings, received 

sponsorship from BBC for exchanging programmes for best script and quality 

programmes on gender. 

Sengerema 

• The project has increased the stations credibility in terms of quality and diversity of 

programmes. 


• New female news editor. 

Zambia 

Breeze FM 

• Breeze FM introduced two weekly series on “gender-based violence” and “women back 

to school” based on documentaries produced from investigative reports from the local 

population. 

Iso FM 

• Iso FM has a weekly 1 hour series entitled “gender and you” produced from local reports 

and experts’ interviews. 

Radio Lyambai 

• Radio Lyambai has a 30 minute series on week days on “women’s magazine” based on 

local issues. 

Mkushi FM 

• Mkushi has a weekly documentary series called “imikalile yaba mayo” dealing with 

issues of women and girls in the local communities. 

Zambezi FM 

• Zambezi FM has weekly documentary series entitled “winning women” and “my story” 

which carry women voices and address gender issues in the local population.

15 

3. How the activities are benefiting poor women and girls 


With regard to gender equality, two important initiatives have been taken by the radio: 

establishment of gender focused programmes in Bangu radio; and introduction of programmes 

promoting and encouraging the participation of women in emissions within the radio Kimvuka, 

Deogratias and Moanda. 

• As of February 2013, it was an improved gender balance among radio staff (details on 

previous topic). 

• The radio presenters’ gender composition was analyzed during the 4 weeks of 

monitoring within three radio stations, and there was 13% increase of women 

representation (4% before the project and 17% after the activities). 

• As for the radio shows’ guests, there was a 18% increase in women participation (11% 

before the project commencement compared to 29%). 

• Regarding reactions to radio programs, 375 people had responded to the issues, 

including 251 men (67%) and 124 women (33%) compared to 17% before the project 

started. 

Kenya 

Sauti FM 

Initially, the programs on gender issues were limited to male content providers and testimonies. 

After the introduction of gender-focused radio programs following the training (Activity I.1.5), it 

started considering both genders. Women previously never had a space in Sauti FM for airing 

their grievances and voicing themselves. When the programme was first aired, the station 

received complaints from men. The new approach was then taken to involve men in the 

programme, encouraging other men to empower women in highlighting the importance of 

developing together, as community. Women and men are participating in the new programme 

bringing new perspectives. Forced wife inheritance is a serious issue in the communities, where 

men act as a head of family in taking all decisions (such as selling of inherited property of the 

deceased). This attitude has been changing over time. Now widows are also taking part in the 

programme development and taking action in reaching out to women and young girls to protest 

against forced wife inheritance. 

Mangelete 

The training of Mangelete FM on gender (Activity I.1.5) will take place in May 2013. The radio 

station is a project of Mangelete Community Integrated Development Programme (MCIDP), a 

community based organization that brings together 33 poor rural women groups. For that 

reason, gender issues already figure on the agenda of the radio station. Programmes have 

been tailored for some women’s groups and highlights women’s endurance of inequitable 

domestic work roles and domestic violence. 

Mwanedo 

The training of Mwanedo FM on gender (Activity I.1.5) will take place in June 2013. Currently 

there are two programmes dedicated to gender namely “Women and empowerment” and “Know 

your rights”. Both programmes target behavioral change among men and women with on-air 

discussions exchanging opinions.

16 

Mugambo Jweto 

The training of Mugambo Jweto on gender (Activity I.1.5) took place on the last week of March 

2013, and specific results from the training are being currently assessed. It was reported that 

there are more women and young girls participating in debates, especially on a Friday morning 

programme that gathers elderly women inside station to talk to young girls and advise them. 

The radio programmes that are currently broadcasted include health programmes that highlight 

female genital mutilation practices. A partnership with the Ministry of Health was established to 

provide expert opinion in the programme, as well as with NGOs for providing consultation 

services. 

Namibia 

Base FM 

The radio station has introduced a new bi-weekly programme focusing on issues affecting 

women that is hosted by a young female presenter. 

Live FM 

Live FM was initially being managed by one man with no inclusion of the community in its 

activities. Through this project intervention the radio station has now formed a board 

representing different segments of the society, including women and youth to have a say in its 

programming. 

Ohangwena 

Ohangwena community radio has ensured that more women and girls from the community are 

trained and now are working at the radio stations as reporters and producers, thus empowering 

them and having more female voices in the airwaves, articulating women’s issues of concern 

West Coast 

West Coast Radio has not participated in the trainings citing shortage of staff and relocation of 

the radio station. The radio station has been more concerned in programming that attracts 

funding more than focusing on programming that covers the different segments of the 

community such as women and girls. This focuses on income generating activities, resulting in 

the volunteer withdrawal of the radio station from the various trainings under the SIDA funded 

project hence participation in the project. More information can be found on question number 6. 

Lesotho 

Mafeteng 

Half of the participants attending the capacity building activities are women and girls aged 18- 

25, many of whom have been absorbed at the radio station as volunteers or correspondents 

thus building a potential career in radio broadcasting. There is also more weekly programmes 

focusing on women issues such as gender based violence concerns and prevention of 

HIV/Aids. 

South Africa 

Atlantis and Bush FM 

In Atlantis and Bush FM, there are more female than male staff working, especially young 

women who have benefited from the training that had been carried out. Thus, there is more

17 

women taking up and managing the stations at senior levels, as well as new young presenters 

and producers. The predominance of gender-based violence and teenage pregnancy is being 

addressed through weekly educational programmes, benefitting teenagers and vulnerable 

women. 

Jozi 

Jozi FM audiences are mostly from the Soweto village of Johannesburg, where there is an 

increasing rate of orphaned children, teenage pregnancy and drug abuse. Many of these 

challenges emanating from dysfunctional families have found a platform to be addressed 

through Jozi FM weekly programmes about these three issues. Women from Soweto and young 

girls have been the key beneficiaries as the programmes have been providing them with 

information to prevent report and handle these issues. 


The station prides of having many young and talented women producing and broadcasting 

programmes. Many of the women who participated in the trainings decided to start a career in 

broadcasting when Radio Riverside created openings for work and correspondents. 

Tanzania 

The main benefits for women and girls through the programme has been derived from: 1) 

increasing their access to news and information of interest to women listeners for making 

informed decisions about their issues of concern; 2) participation and involvement in programme 

making, including through increasing representation of women in operations and management, 

and through the radios’ adoption of a bottom-up approach to issue raising, through forums for 

speaking out. 

The project enhanced opportunities for women (mostly from disadvantaged socio-economic 

backgrounds) working in the station for income and professional developments, with results 

observed including increased confidence of women correspondents in radio programming and 

carrying out interviews. They are equipped with knowledge, leading to create strategies and 

following standards of ethics. They are also actively programming (editing, script writing, etc.), 

and building technical capacities to access and use ICTs. Reports and observations have also 

noted changes in mindset and use of ICTs to extend the boundaries of broadcasting beyond the 

communities. 

Fadeco 

• Female participants sent reports to mainstream media and were published in Magira 

Wanachi and Deutsche Welle. 

• Programmes creating awareness on gender based violence campaigning 16 Days of 

activism. 

Kahama 

• Programmes on reproductive health and prevention of diseases. 

Kyela 

• Programmes on women’s health.

18 

Micheweni 

• Female participant sent reports to mainstream media and was published in Zanzibar 

Leo. 

• Weekly programmes about girls' education. 

• Programmes on gender. 

Mtegani 

• Programmes on reproductive health. 

• Programmes on childcare. 

• Programmes for mobilizing and sensitizing the community in promoting peace and 

security; income generation; and addressing gender discrimination. 

Orkonerei 

• Programmes on reproductive health 

• Programmes on gender and female genital mutilation. 

Pambazuko 

• Programmes about sanitation, HIV/AIDS prevention and alternative medicine. 

Pangani 

• Programmes on gender equality, HIV and AIDS prevention, reproductive health, family 

planning, entrepreneurship. 

Sengerema 

• Programmes sensitizing the community on health related issues e.g. malaria, HIV/AIDS, 

reproductive health, cholera; 

• Programmes on gender-related issues (16 days of activism) and gender-based violence. 

Zambia 

Breeze FM 

Breeze FM is reporting on issues such as environmental conservation, agriculture, HIV/AIDS 

and livelihoods, governance and accountability, education, water and sanitation. The station 

depends of its interaction with its audience to know what issues of local concern they need to 

cover. The station uses SMS, phone-in and face to face interviews to obtain feedback from its 

listeners. For instance, the issue of teen pregnancies is very topical in Eastern Zambia and the 

radio has led campaign addressing this issue. 

Iso FM 

Iso FM is reporting issues of local concern in the areas of good governance, gender, politics, 

health and HIV/AIDS. These issues of local concern are suggested by the local communities 

through the interaction with the radio station staff or sometimes through their comments during 

the live phone in programmes. Traditionally, women in Zambian communities relegate 

discussions on community development to men; Iso FM continues to address the need for 

women’s active participation in community initiatives. 

Radio Lyambai 

Radio Lyambai is reporting issues ranging from cultural promotion to topical issues of concern 

such as gender based violence, HIV/AIDS and governance and politics. In all these topics the

19 

radio interviews women and girls as well as experts to educate the community about 

stereotypes, women participation in decision making, etc. 

Mkushi FM 

Mkushi Radio is reporting issues ranging from good governance, agriculture and HIV/AIDS and 

health matters. The station arrives at these issues through interviews and community 

suggestions. The radio programmes carry women voices. For example, in agriculture 

programmes, women are encouraged to create cooperatives on poultry farming and sell chicken 

and eggs as large groups. 

Zambezi FM 

Zambezi FM is reporting issues of sanitation, HIV/AIDS, tourism, politics and good governance 

and religion. These issues are suggested by their audience through a suggestion box for 

programme content, live phone-ins, website interaction, Facebook and news stories content 

analysis. Livingstone is a prominent tourism town in Zambia and this comes with positive and 

negative impacts on the local communities. One of the challenges faced by communities around 

Livingstone is the high prevalence of sex workers among young girls and Zambezi FM has been 

driving campaigns concerning this matter.

20 

4. How the weekly monitoring is being used and its 

benefits 


The monitoring is conducted so that each week, a number of the indicators are subject to data 

collection. Radios are required to evaluate their programs in accordance to guidelines and 

questionnaires/checklists by UNESCO. Weekly data collection from the audience relies on ICTs 

(e.g. SMS voting, SMS quiz or SMS polling). The chosen techniques being used are 

questionnaire/checklist and opinion poll SMS. 

However, given the difficulties reported and related to the use of the management system of 

automatic SMS opinion poll in some radios, namely Moanda Community Radio and Kimvuka, 

only technique questionnaire/checklist is in sight for the moment. 

The monitoring allowed collecting and analyzing qualitative and quantitative data related to the 

designed indicators, hence developing internal capacity in monitoring the evolution of 

programming in each radio and its impact on the audience. 

Kenya 

Weekly monitoring was carried out at Sauti FM and Mangelete Community radio. For Sauti FM 

preliminary research and background reading on local radio programming in Kenya were carried 

out. These were followed by multiple interviews with key stakeholders on the basis of 

questionnaires that were developed using a participatory approach for incorporating feedback 

from all community radios to promote ownership of the monitoring process. The monitoring was 

carried out in following cycle: general radio programming, followed by gender and finally on 

ICT/mobile phone usage. 

The weekly monitoring of radio programmes benefitted Sauti FM not only capturing the progress 

the radio station is making against the set benchmarks, but gave an opportunity for radio 

volunteers to be trained in monitoring radio programmes. For Mangelete FM a combined 

methodology was used in interviewing key people (station staff, including radio manager and 

heads of departments, already existing volunteers and radio correspondents), interviewing key 

groups (community groups, business entities, local artists among other stakeholders who have 

regular interaction with the radio) and conducting focus group discussions. 

Weekly monitoring did not take place for Mugambo Jweto and Mwanedu FM yet, as a suitable 

local institution is in process to be identified to carry out the tasks. 

Following these experiences, self-administered questionnaires were developed in the following 

4 categories: 

1. Radio programming contents, formats, feedback and sources 

• Diversifying programme content formats and sources. 

• Allocating appropriate air-time for radio programming. 

• Improving governance structures and practices. 

• Diversified income sources. 

• News item relevant to young people (education, creativity, youth culture, jobs, 

relationships, parental authorities).

21 

2. Issues of local public concerns 

• Developing suitable programs to address local issues. 

• Training editors and reporters on significant local issues. 

• Expanding capacity for local news coverage. 

• Increasing percentage of news information relevant to local community. 

• Increasing representativeness of community voices in the radio programmes and 

community engagement with stations. 

• Improving the lives of the community through radio programming. 

3. Issues of local public concerns 

• Elimination of stereotypes and promotion of multi-dimensional portrayal. 

• Gender equality at decision-making level. 

• Balanced presence of women and men in media coverage. 

• Gender equality at work. 

• Increasing representativeness of community voices in radio programming. 

• Community engagement with stations. 

4. ICTs 

• Availability of the necessary equipment for production and broadcasting. 

• Improving Internet connections and integrating ICTs in radio programming. 

• Increasing interactive listenership through ICT platforms to establish network of 

listener’s participation. 

• Developing functional audience research systems (database) to monitor 

relevance and perceptions of programmes. 

• Monitoring and assessing regularly on quality of radio programmes and means of 

feedback. 

Lesotho 

Weekly monitoring in Lesotho results from a content analysis of data collected from radio selfassessments 

and weekly monitoring of fixed and randomly selected programmes, as well as 

data collected from focus groups. The content analysis is done separately for the radio selfassessment 

and listeners’ preferences. Findings regarding the quality of radios’ performance, 

outputs and impact are compiled in a weekly report. In addition, every 3 months, a progress 

report is prepared to UNESCO with findings from the weekly reports. 

The main benefit of weekly monitoring is that it helps determine the quality of the programming 

of Mafeteng radio station and if progress is being achieved since the commencement of the 

project interventions. The set of qualitative and quantitative methods had continuously brought 

out key areas that require intervention within the framework of this project activities ensuring 

that the impact of the various intervention is tracked. 

The initial proposed methodology for Lesotho (and South Africa) was complex and turned out to 

be a hard activity to be carried out by the lowest bidders. Therefore, a larger organization, 

namely, AMARC, was selected to carry out the activity. Despite various interventions from the 

UNESCO field office in Windhoek, the organization could not deliver satisfactory results. This 

meant the cancellation of the contract and re-opening of the process. Media Monitoring Africa 

was then selected and contracted in March 2013.

22 

Namibia 

Weekly monitoring in Namibia results from a content analysis of data collected from radio selfassessments 

and weekly monitoring of fixed and randomly selected programmes, as well as 

data collected from focus groups. The content analysis is done separately for the radio selfassessment 

and listeners’ preferences. It assesses the following: 

• Level of attention given to delivering a gender focus in the operations of the local radios. 

• Establishment of the extent to which ICTs are integrated in the daily operations of the 

radio stations. 

• How far issues of local concern are being tackled. 

• Listening assessment investigates how broadcasts are being received. 

• Level of contribution of radio correspondents. 

• Improvements on financial management of the radio stations. 

Apart from data collected from the field, a one-week random monitoring and analysis of selected 

programmes in English is carried out, such as those on prime time broadcasting. The purpose 

of this latter analysis is to compare data collected by the field researchers and external 

evaluators in order to assess the limitations of the tools selected for the weekly monitoring of 

radio stations. This information then creates the basis for discussing with the radio stations on 

the areas that require interventions and how to improve the quality of programming. 

Such monitoring has been benefitting radio stations in determining the quality of the 

programming of each radio station and the progress being made since the commencement of 

the project interventions. Monthly progress reports have continuously brought out key areas 

that require interventions within the framework of this project activities ensuring that the impact 

of the various intervention is tracked. 

The monitoring brings out some challenges faced by radio stations that could be hindering the 

improvement of their quality of programming. These findings are then addressed within the 

framework of the project. 

The weekly monitoring activity, especially the designed methodology that was initially proposed 

proved to be difficult to implement. This was due to the cost involved to gather, track and 

analyse all the data that is expected. The process of selecting the contractors was delayed to 

select the best contractor within the project affordance and achieving meaningful results. Senior 

lecturers from Namibia Polytechnic were contracted to carry out the activity. The monitoring 

tools were adjusted to take into account cultural beliefs on gender and gender roles in Namibia, 

and created a way to assess indicators with different starting points, for example regarding ICT 

literacy. 

South Africa 

Weekly monitoring in South Africa helps radio stations to determine the quality of the 

programming of each radio station and the progress being made since the start of project’s 

activities. Weekly monitoring reports result from content analysis of data through quantitative 

and qualitative methods, and bring out key areas that require intervention within the framework 

of these project activities, ensuring that the impact of the various interventions is tracked. This 

includes for example the progress of each radio station in terms of improved quality of 

programming especially improvement in community participation during the process of 

packaging and broadcasting, when and how the issues of public concerns are included in the

23 

scheduling of daily and weekly programs, which and how the relevant ICTs are being integrated 

into broadcasting as well as assessing the impact and responses from the target audience. 

The monitoring brings out the challenges the radio stations are continuously having that could 

be hindering the improvement of their quality of programming. It is therefore addressed within 

the framework of the project. This exercise identifies where the radio stations are, regarding 

quality of programming at the beginning and at the current stage of the project, indicating where 

they will likely be at the end of the project. 

The initial methodology proposed for South Africa (and Lesotho) was complex and turned out to 

be a hard activity for the lowest bidders. AMARC Africa, a larger organization with field 

experience was then chosen. However, despite various interventions from UNESCO field office 

in Windhoek, the organization could not develop and deliver satisfactory results. Some radio 

stations (Valley FM, Jozi FM) pointed out to UNESCO that the proposed methodology was hard 

to carry out independently. Promptly, UNESCO re-opened the process of identifying again an 

organization to carry out the activity. Media Monitoring Africa was identified in March 2013 and 

has been redesigning the weekly monitoring methodology in a way that it achieves the desired 

objectives while it is feasible and useful for radio stations to carry out by themselves after the 

project life-spam. 

Tanzania 

The launch of weekly monitoring in full was deferred due to issues with the baseline study, 

whereby the consultant engaged has been required to return to the field to collect and refine 

additional data. However, steps forward in the meantime have been made on the basis of 

aggregated data from initial survey drafts, feedback from radios, and reporting and observations 

from field training. Trends and changes have thus been observed indicating concrete results of 

project implementation. The following uses of benefits of monitoring are: 

• Assessment of programmes and topics for relevance and quality. 

• Feedback from listeners. 

• Improving quality of programmes and delivery. 

• Measures for tracking and representing listenership. 

Zambia 

The weekly monitoring in Zambia is based in developed questionnaires that are sent to the radio 

stations and to the Radio Listening Clubs (RLC), who represent the listeners on radio content 

and listening patterns. Data is gathered analyzing the programming schedule and individual 

programmes. Two times a month, the radio stations and RLCs submit reports with raw data, 

suggestions and findings. The reports are mostly sent by email, but two radios had once 

submitted by fax. In Zambezi FM, listeners are spread across Southern Zambia, Western 

Zimbabwe, Eastern Botswana and Northern Namibia, since the radio is located where these 

four countries share borders. Therefore, to obtain audience feedback, it was combined SMS 

and Internet tools instead of Radio Listening Clubs. Such monitoring is helping the station to 

tailor programs according to population segments, including the preferred languages for certain 

programs. 

The monitoring activity in Zambia has benefitted radio stations in measuring quality of the radio 

programmes, increase of audience participation, impact measurement of the programmes and

24 

identifying listening patterns to target programmes for specific segments of the local population. 

This activity also identifies peak times according to the audience and its interests, what can be 

used for financial sustainability purposes. For example, Breeze FM is using monitoring feedback 

findings as a marketing tool to obtain sponsorships for radio programs 

Previously, the radio stations used to carry out monitoring only once in 2 or 3 months for specific 

purposes, such as when required by programs’ sponsors or for improving radio content. It was 

then identified that radio stations have the challenge of managing staff time and budget for 

monitoring, as it is an additional task being introduced to the radio daily practices.

25 

5. How ICTs are being used at each and every station, the 

advances after project start, main problems and future 

plans for each radio station 


For the first time, radio staff was trained in the use of ICTs and the use of the Internet applied to 

the particular radio and the media in general. Each radio has a trained agent who is in charge of 

monitoring work. In order to overcome the reported difficulties below, UNESCO will recruit 

technical specialist consultants who will be sent on the ground. The next training on the use of 

software applied to radios will be crucial to optimize their use in the radio stations. 

Radio Bangu 

• Optimal use of their mobile phone applications by local correspondents. 

• Creation of e-mail addresses by agents of the radio. 

• Successfully use of software provided by the project, particularly for storage on the 

external hard drive with a capacity of 1T provided by UNESCO all radio productions 

broadcast live or delayed goods and other data. 

• Zara radio migration to Adobe audition for production work and editing in process. 

• The main challenge reported is for working with the accounting software. 

• Future plans include more training in accounting software besides configuring and 

additional training in Frontline SMS. 

Radio Kimvuka na Lutondo 

• There is optimal use of mobile phone applications by local correspondents. 

• Difficulties in configuring Frontline SMS. 

• The use of accounting software is not well controlled. 

• UNESCO plans include the implementation of an internal local area network and 

implementation of internal LAN. 

Radio Deogratias 

• Optimal use of their mobile phone applications by local correspondents. 

• Creation of e-mail addresses by agents of the radio. 

• Successful using software provided by the project. 

• Practice of backup and storage on the external hard drive (1 Terabyte, provided by 

UNESCO) of all radio productions. 

• There are still problems with Frontline SMS configuration that will be addressed in 

further training. 

• After the implementation of internal LAN, there is still lack of knowledge on 

troubleshooting connection to internal network; 

• The use of accounting software is not well controlled. 

Radio Moanda 

• Optimal use of their mobile phone applications by local correspondents 

• Creation of e-mail addresses by agents of the radio 

• Practice of backup and storage on the external hard drive (1 Terabyte, provided by 

UNESCO) of all radio productions

26 

• After the implementation of internal LAN, there is still lack of knowledge on 

troubleshooting connection to internal network. This will be addressed by technical 

specialists recruited. 

• There are plans of implementing an internal local area network and internal LAN. 

Kenya 

Sauti FM 

• The station has access to the Internet, although with intermittent connectivity (3G 

modem). 

• The Internet is used to download software, videos and pictures – for editorial work – the 

station also uses voice over Internet (Skype) to update AMARC on projects progress. 

• Internet is on a pre–paid data plan and thus relatively affordable and manageable for the 

station. However, sometimes the station staff has to travel over 5kms to nearest 

cybercafés to access Internet. 

• Sauti radio station is using Audacity and Frontline SMS, and is trained for using 

Freedom Fone. 

• The station uses the manager’s email address for official communication but the station 

doesn’t have a website. 

• The station has one mobile phone used for multiple uses, such as interacting with 

listeners and receiving official calls. 

Mangelete 

• The radio station has access to Internet via a Safaricom broadband modem for e-mail 

access, downloading and social networking. Presenters and producers access Internet 

both from the studio and the production room. 

• Listeners are sometimes invited to comment or participate through Facebook but there 

are no regular updates of their profile. The radio station’s Facebook profile is accessed 

by radio staff on average once per month. The station’s website was closed down 

because of non-payment of hosting fees. 

• Mangelete is aware of the existence of open source software and their mobile hybrid 

equivalents, but they are not yet in use at the radio station. 

• The radio has a dedicated email address. Staff uses the email to interact with clients, 

listeners, service providers etc. 

• Radio Mangelete owns three mobile phones that are used by presenters to encourage 

listeners to respond to programmes and share their opinions through text messages, 

telephone calls and Facebook messaging. The mobile phones are owned by the station 

and are not for personal use. 

Mwanedo Radio 

• The radio station counts with a reliable access to Internet via a Safaricom router. 

• The Internet is used for e-mails, downloading audio files, Skype and social networking. 

• Mwanedu Radio is currently using Frontlines SMS. 

• Mwanedu launched its own web-site (www.mwanedu.co.ke) in November 2012. 

• The station owns three mobile phones, Nokia and Samsung bought in 2011; Samsung 

bought in 2012. The mobile phones are used by presenters to encourage listeners to 

respond to programmes and weigh in their opinions through text messages and 

telephone calls. The mobile phone is owned by the station and is not for personal use.

27 

Mugambo Jweto Radio 

• The radio station has access to Internet via router. 

• Internet is used for e-mails, downloading and social networking. Presenters and 

producers freely access the Internet both from the studio and the production room. 

• The station is currently using Wavepad and Zara Radio and is considering the use of 

Frontline SMS. 

• Staff uses the email to interact with clients, listeners, service providers etc. 

• Mugambo Jweto Radio owns one mobile phone (Nokia, 3 years old) that is used by 

presenters to encourage listeners to respond to programmes and weigh in their opinions 

through text messages and telephone calls. The mobile phone is owned by the station 

and is not for personal use. 

• Connectivity is intermittent by the geographical isolation of the station, in areas not 

covered/badly covered by the telephone network. 

Lesotho 

Mafeteng Community Radio 

• The main devices available at the radio station are for the moment the staff’s personal 

mobile phones with 3G prepaid Internet access and two computers. 

• Since basic Internet access structures were not in place prior to the project’s 

commencement, the radio station is gradually applying ICT skills. 

• A hands-on online mentoring through continuous and concentrated training planned 

under this project has been organized by WITS Radio Academy Mentoring programme, 

starting from May 2013. 

Namibia 

Base FM 

• Internet is being used for editorial work and programme production; 

• Mobile phones are being used for news gathering; SMS and communicating with their 

audiences and partners 

• Frontline SMS, Facebook and Twitter are being used for interacting with audience; 

• Listeners are active on Base FM Facebook; send SMS to the radio station, and call-in to 

participate in programmes; 

• The radio station introduced audio streaming and TuneIn Live Online; 

• The station also uses other ICTs such as Adobe digital editing, Whatsapp, Instant 

messaging (IM), Streaming, podcasts and blogging; 

• The main challenge of this station is lack of capacity in terms of trained staff, as most 

join with an elementary idea of broadcasting. There is lack of enough recorders and 

financial support to development of local content relevant to their Katutura audiences, 

whose issues and needs are as many as the concentrated population in the most 

populated and low income urban part of Namibia. 

Ohangwena 

• In the past the radio station had lacked reliable Internet access and basic IT equipment; 

• UNESCO and Telecom Namibia had partnered to provide sustainable Internet access 

and basic ICT facilities;

28 

• The staff and volunteers had acquired skills in ICTs use in broadcasting; ICTs 

installation ongoing, still to pick up on ICTs as basic Internet access structures were not 

in place before project start; 

• The turnover of station managers and staff poses a challenge on use and sustainability 

of the ICT skills being acquired. For many years, the station has always had a acting 

station manager and currently a new acting station manager has been recruited. 

Live FM 

• Live FM had been using Internet for emails, Facebook, Twitter, Skype, Whatsapp and 

instant messaging (IM); 

• Staff and volunteers use their personal mobile phones for recording interviews and SMS 

in studio; 

• Its main challenge is concerning the studio’s equipment, currently operating with only 

one computer, used for all activities. Besides human capacity building, the station 

requires much support in technical building; 

• Capacity is also being built in using FOSS such as Audacity and Frontline SMS; 

• The other main challenge has been lack of the necessary management radio structures 

to support the operations of this station. In the past it had affected the choice of 

programming, staffing and focus on community participation. This is being addressed 

through training and advice through regular interaction with the management and visits 

to the station. 

West Coast 

• The station has used the Internet mainly for emails and recently in weekly monitoring 

• Personal mobiles phones have been used for recording and also for SMS exchanges 

while in studio; 

• Other ICTs used include Frontline SMS, Facebook, Twitter, Skype, Adobe Digital Editing 

, Whatsapp and Instant messaging (IM); 

• Challenges recently facing this commercial radio station are the drive to make profits 

which has tended to outweigh the focus on having programming that focuses on 

community needs. This has in turn affected the need and availability of staff to attend 

training being carried out under the project. However the station has emphasized their 

needs in benefiting from the project through technical capacity building while insisting 

they do carry out human capacity building in house. This has eventually led to voluntary 

withdraw of the station from the training activities carried through the project. Details can 

be found on question number 6. 

South Africa 

Generally, the main challenge cutting across radio stations before this project intervention was 

lack of capacity and policies on integration of ICTs. Much of what was in place was through the 

initiatives of the staff and volunteers working in these stations. Most of them had been utilizing 

their personal mobile phones in carrying out their day to day activities for the stations. 

Bush FM 

• Bush FM is using Frontline SMS and mobile phones for recording and interacting with 

the audience. 

• Other ICTs being used currently include Adobe digital editing, Whatsapp, Instant 

messaging (IM), and other social media facilities like Twitter and Facebook.

29 

Jozi FM 

• Jozi FM uses Frontline SMS, Audacity and Adobe audition, besides the use of mobile 

phones for reporting and interacting via SMS. 

• The challenge of this radio station is to use ICTs to increase community participation and 

ensure that it does not lean more into commercial oriented programming at the expense 

of programming oriented to addressing issues of local concerns in Soweto. The current 

station manager has been making much effort by sending his top managers to UNESCO 

trainings to ensure the radio focuses on community issues than tilting towards 

commercially geared programming. 


• Use of mobile phones for recording and SMS exchanges is being frequently utilized in 

Radio Atlantis. 

• This station has Freedom Fone software and equipment installed, although it had faced 

challenges using it. 

• More training on Freedom Fone is planned for May 2013. 

• Other ICTs being used are Adobe digital editing, Whatsapp, other instant messaging 

(IM) applications, mobile phone SMS, and social media such as Twitter and Facebook. 

Valley FM 

• The station has made good use of personal mobile phones for audio recording and SMS 

exchange. 

• More training on the use of FOSS is scheduled to May 2013, what will assist the radio 

station in maximizing the use of ICTs at the station for improved programming. 

• The dedicated Freedom Fone PC is in the process of being replaced to ensure the 

continued use. 

• Other ICTs being used includes Adobe digital editing, Whatsapp, Instant messaging 

(IM), mobile phone SMS and other social media facilities (Twitter and Facebook). 


• Radio Riverside is ahead of the other radio stations in South Africa concerning the use 

of ICTs. 

• The radio station uses SMS frequently for interaction and engaging with the audience. 

• FOSS being used includes Audacity, Frontline SMS and Freedom Fone, besides 

software like Adobe Audition and Adobe digital editing. 

• It is also used Internet-based applications like Whatsapp, Instant messaging (IM), online 

streaming, podcasts, blogging and social media facilities (Twitter and Facebook). 

• The station ensured its staff and a good number of volunteers attended the UNESCO’s 

training. The last training on site had 17 participants and strong indication of the station’s 

interest to continue empowering its staff and volunteers with new skills. 

• The next training in this station is aimed at correspondents and use of ICTs, scheduled 

for May 2013, as well as training on the use of ICTs for financial management. 

Tanzania 

A network of 25 correspondents from all participating radios is exchanging ideas and 

experiences through their own mailing list (tzcommunitymedia@yahoogroups.com), in addition 

to the Wiki page http://wikieducator.org/Community_Media/UNESCO_TANZANIA, Facebook 

page: facebook.com/comneta. Moreover:

30 

• All correspondents can engage in radio production using various software: Audacity, 

Zara Radio, Frontline SMS, and Dropbox. 

• All correspondents are able to use web browsers/Internet as source of programmes and 

information/ news monitoring 

• All correspondents have web based free email accounts opened after the workshops 

Overall, evidence showing increases in enhanced investigative reporting, confidence and ability 

to collect local news have been demonstrated. Plans ahead will seek to prepare and capacitate 

journalists concerning safety practices. 

Other problems faced are: reliable electricity supply, connectivity, lack of and inadequate 

equipment (and unequal usage of scarce equipment). 

Initiatives at some stations are on the way to introduce new technologies, based on their relative 

levels of advancement (e.g. Freedom Phone at Fadeco, smartphones at Sengerema). Where 

equipment has been provided, efforts will be directed at encouraging station managers to 

promote more equal usage are sharing with correspondents. 

Future plans are aimed at advancing and consolidating knowledge to improve access and 

usage based on each station’s levels. Correspondents have called for refresher trainings to 

update/reinforce what they have learned. Stations have also sought to improve connectivity and 

restoration of computers and to access generators as a second source of power. 

Specific levels attained in relation to ICTs for each station are listed below: 

Fadeco 

• Fadeco initiated a system of providing newsfeeds to newspapers and blogs and pursued 

the diffusion of reports in the main media. Due to that, female participants’ were 

published in Magira Wanachi and Deutsche Welle. 

• The radio is using Dropbox for radio programme exchanges. 

• The radio uses SMS for interacting and engaging with the audience and Zara radio for 

audio editing and broadcasting. 

• Future plans include the capacity building and usage of Frontline SMS. 

Kahama 

• Kahama radio is currently using Adobe for mixing and editing. 

• The radio station has website and blogs for streaming radio programmes, reaching out 

to broader audiences. 

• The radio station uses Facebook for monitoring and receiving feedback on programmes, 

creating a virtuous cycle of engagement with its audience. 

Kyela 

• Kyela FM is using its website and Facebook pages to report on various news items. 

• It was initiated a system for providing newsfeeds to newspapers and blogs. 

• Using Dropbox for radio programme exchanges. 

Micheweni 

• Exchange of reports/news between community radio stations: Micheweni and Mtegani 

have set formal cooperation and programme exchange SMS.

31 

• It is foreseen a system for providing newsfeeds to newspapers and blogs. 

Mtegani 

• There is an ongoing exchange of reports/news between community radio stations 

Micheweni and Mtegani. They have set formal cooperation and programme exchange. 

• Future plans for Mtegani FM include the development of a system for providing news 

feed to newspapers and blogs. 

Orkonerei 

• The radio station is using Dropbox for dispatching programmes. 

• Orkonerei is currently using Adobe for mixing and editing. 

• The radio station has a website with streaming of radio programmes and uses Facebook 

for interaction, monitoring and feedback of programmes. 

• There is use of SMS for feedback of programmes from the audience. 

Pambazuko 

• Pambazuko interacts with the audience through the use of SMS and call-ins. 

• The radio station is currently using Adobe for mixing and editing. 

• Future plans include the installation and capacity building in FOSS. 

Pangani 

• SMS for feedback from listeners. 

• Phone calls for interviews and reporting. 

• Email for feedback and interacting. 

• Facebook and website for information sharing and source of information. 

Sengerema 

• Radio station initiated a system of providing newsfeeds to newspapers and blogs. 

• The radio’s website is used for radio streaming. 

• Facebook for interaction, monitoring and feedback of programmes. 

• Sengerema is using Adobe for mixing and editing audio programmes. 

• Future plans include the installation of FOSS in the radio station’s computers and further 

training. 

Zambia 

Breeze FM 

• Breeze FM uses the Internet for interacting with the audience, communicating with its 

donors, advertisers and sponsors. 

• After the project start more news reports have been sent by correspondents using 

mobile phones through Frontline SMS, Mobile Partner SMS and email. 

• The main problem so far is that there are only 2 data enabled phones belonging to the 

station, hence most correspondents use personal mobile phones with no recording 

facility. There is no system of backing-up and archiving. 

• It is planned to add at least 3 more data enabled mobile phones and install a 

backup/archiving system to the station. 

Iso FM 

• Iso FM uses email for communicating with donors and advertisers/sponsors.

32 


mobile phones through SMS. 

• It can be noted that a challenge is that there are no data enabled phones belonging to 

the station, and most correspondents use personal mobile phones with no recording 

facility. 

• There is no Internet link inside the station (email access is outside the station premises). 

There are 2 working computers (1 in the on-air studio) which are not enough for 

production and back office operations. 

• Future plans include the provision of at least 3 data enabled mobile phones to the 

station; installation of an Internet link; addition of at least 2 computers (pre-installed with 

Mobile Partner SMS, Frontline SMS, Audacity) and installation of a back-up/archiving 

system. 

Radio Lyambai 

• Radio Lyambai uses email for communicating with donors and advertisers/sponsors. 

After the project started, more news reports have been sent by correspondents using 


• For the moment, there are no data enabled phones belonging to the station, what 

obliges most correspondents to use personal mobile phones with no recording facility. 

• There is no Internet link in the station (email access is outside the station premises). 

• There are 3 working computers (2 in the on-air studio). There is no system of backing-up 

and archiving. 

• To overcome the listed challenges, it is in the project’s sight to provide at least 3 data 

enabled mobile phones to the station; install an Internet link; add at least 2 computers 

(pre-installed with Mobile Partner SMS, Frontline SMS, Audacity) to improve station 

operations and install a back-up/archiving system. 

Mkushi FM 



• In Mkushi FM, there is one data enabled phone belonging to the station, hence most 

correspondents use personal mobile phones. 

• There is no Internet link in the station. 

• There are 2 working computers (1 in the On-air studio). 

• There is no system of backing-up and archiving. 

• In future, the project plans to provide at least 3 data enabled mobile phones to the 

station; install an Internet link; add at least 2 computers (pre-installed with Mobile 

Partner SMS, Frontline SMS, Audacity) to improve station operations and install a backup/archiving 

system 

Zambezi FM 

• Zambezi FM uses Internet for interacting with audience and communicating with donors 

and advertisers/sponsors. 


mobile phones through Frontline SMS and email. 

• There are 3 data enabled phones belonging to the station, apart from correspondents’ 

personal mobile phones with no recording facility. There is no system of backing-up and 

archiving.

• In future the project plans to add at least 3 more data enabled mobile phones and install 

a back-up/archiving system to the station. 

33

34 

6. Changes in radio stations 

Despite having signed the Memorandum of Understanding on training and responsibilities, West 

Coast FM did not attend the training sessions in Namibia. 

On 20 February 2013, West Coast FM’s manager, Scharl Moller, indicated that they were facing 

staff challenges and would not be in a position to participate in the training activities. Mr. Moller 

stated: “I would like to thank you for the opportunity to be part of the UNESCO project. 

Unfortunately we will no longer be able to take part in your training activities. We are only five 

staff members and it would be impossible for us to send anyone at any given time for any 

training activities.” Through a follow-up discussion, West Coast pointed out that if provision of 

equipment or any other financial support was offered by UNESCO, then West Coast would 

volunteer to be part of the project again. 

Since providing financial support is not one of the project’s goals, West Coast FM will not 

participate from March 2013 onwards and a replacement for this radio station has been found. 

The UNESCO Field Officer in Windhoek carried out an assessment in Namibia, visiting four 

radio stations and interviewing audiences to find the best replacement. 

It is a pleasure to report that !AH Radio — a local station serving the Sans indigenous people — 

has replaced West Coast FM in the programme. This radio was established in 2003 in 

Tsumkwe, Otjozondjupa region, about 708 km from the capital city of Namibia, Windhoek. The 

radio station covers a radius of 80-170km. It is a local public radio which is still operating 

through analogue system and does not use any ICTs as it lacks even a single computer in the 

studio. The radio targets the three San’s community dialects, namely Ju/hoansi, Khoedam and 

!khun with news, health, educational programs and traditional stories. The target community is 

derogatively known as the Bushmen whose traditional social organization is nomadic with the 

construction of temporary shelters, usually from tree bark, palisades or grass. The Bushmen are 

considered the poorest and most marginalized community in Namibia with dire need of 

affirmative action among other things in enabling free flow of communication and information 

that addresses serious issues of local concern such as high prevalence of teenage pregnancies, 

HIV/AIDS and lack of education and basic development in the region. !ah Radio will benefit from 

participating in this project given the several challenges it faces such as dire lack of human and 

technical capacities at the radio station. The Windhoek Field Office is gathering information 

about the radio station and its audience in order to bring their participation up to speed with all 

other radio stations involved in the project.

1 Expanded version April 2013 - Unesco

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?