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Ecoscenario: El Yunque Caribbean National Forest 4/16/03 3:14 PM Courtesy of J. M.Meyers, National Biological Service, U.S. GeologicalSurvey Puerto Rican parrots El Yunque as an example of past forest destruction Clearing a tropical forest impacts the plants and animals that live there. The Puerto Rican parrot, which lives in the El Yunque Caribbean National Forest, is an excellent example. At the time of Spanish conquest, tropical forest covered much of Putero Rico. The parrots lived in all habitats on the island and surrounding islands. The population is estimated to have been 100,000–1,000,000 birds. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, agriculture and urban development destroyed 90% of the forested land on the island. This habitat destruction, along with hunting, contributed to the decline of the Puerto Rican parrot. In 1937 the parrot population was estimated to be about 2000 birds. The birds were found only in the forests of the Serria de Luquillo. In the late 1940s hunting Puerto Rican parrots was banned. file:///Ecoscenario/elyunque/content.html Page 11 of 16
Ecoscenario: El Yunque Caribbean National Forest 4/16/03 3:14 PM Courtesyof Father Alejandro Sánchez As the human population in Puerto Rico grows, large sections of the forest are cut to make way for residential development, such as this one near Caguas. The Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program started in 1968. This program is run by the U.S. Forest Service, the Puerto Rican Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the World Wildlife Federation. The program is trying to increase the parrot population so it will no longer be in danger of extinction. In the 1970s the population reached a low of only 14 parrots. Nest sites of the parrot are guarded, monitored, and maintained. By 1989 the population had increased to 47. Before Hurricane Georges in 1998, over 140 Puerto Rican parrots existed, two-thirds in captivity. After the hurricane only 6 breeding pairs remained. There are currently about 25–26 parrots in the forest and 56 in captivity. On June 27, 2000, 10 Puerto Rican parrots were released, and on June 2, 2001, another 16 were released into the wild from the captive breeding program. file:///Ecoscenario/elyunque/content.html Page 12 of 16
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