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Ecoscenario: Everglades National Park 4/16/03 3:15 PM Courtesy of National Park Service President Harry Truman dedicates Everglades National Park, December 6, 1947. Art Explosion The Everglades ecosystem contains sloughs, saw-grass prairies, and wet marshes. Vast stretches of saw grass hide this slow-moving river. The desire to drain the swamps persisted, however, and in 1948 Congress authorized the Central and South Florida Project. Roads, canals, and levees were built throughout southern Florida, surrounding the park. The water was diverted to cities and agricultural fields. This organized effort severely changed the ecosystem. Up to 50% of the wetland was drained, and up to 90% of some native populations of plants and animals were lost. The Everglades ecosystem contains a variety of plant communities that are mixed together. The three most dominant are the saw-grass marshes, wet prairies, and areas of standing or slow-moving water in ponds and sloughs. You can find fish, tree frogs, bullfrogs, water snakes, and alligators here. Wading birds forage in these habitats and nest on low islands that dot the landscape. Courtesy of Phil Stokoe Art Explosion An alligator suns itself on a log. The anhinga spreads its wings to dry in the sun. file:///Ecoscenario/everglades/content.html Page 3 of 17
Ecoscenario: Everglades National Park 4/16/03 3:15 PM ABIOTIC DATA The weather in the Everglades is warm year-round, with distinct wet and dry seasons. However, even the dry seasons have some rainfall. All this precipitation enters a watershed that flows through Everglades National Park. The watershed starts with the Kissimmee River, then drains into Lake Okeechobee. When Lake Okeechobee is full, water flows south into the Everglades. This usually happens in the wet season between May and October. The Everglades receive 100–165 centimeters (40–65 inches) per year of precipitation. Almost 70% of this falls as rain during the wet season, which begins with thunderstorms in May and ends in October. Illustration by Leigh Anne McConnaughey Historical flow of water from Lake Okeechobee across southern Florida file:///Ecoscenario/everglades/content.html Page 4 of 17
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