2007 - Alabama Department of Public Health

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ureau of communicable disease Ascertaining the occurrence of diseases in 2007 differed in several respects from previous years because of the effectiveness of the system, electronic laboratory results reporting, and capacity building. Timely reporting has aided greatly with determining disease outbreaks. The Alabama National Electronic Disease Surveillance Base System is an operational secure Web-based electronic reporting system in accordance with CDC recommended security requirements for Public Health Information Network applications. The division has completed configuration of the Alabama system to allow for the electronic exchange of information between county health departments and the state health department, using secure Web browser-based access. The National Electronic Disease Surveillance System became the sole source for Alabama’s annual disease reporting in 2007. The department continued expanding electronic exchange of laboratory surveillance data from large national laboratories as messages and translators became available through collaboration with CDC partners. Zoonotic Disease Branch The Zoonotic Disease Program is charged with monitoring, controlling, and preventing diseases 6 table of selected communicable disease incidence by public health area Disease 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Campylobacter 253 15 76 16 21 20 15 6 20 18 17 29 Cryptosporidium 124 0 11 15 16 9 4 4 20 9 14 22 E. coli O157:H7 65 4 28 2 10 10 1 3 2 2 1 2 Eastern Equine Encephalitis 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Ehrlichia 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haemophilus Influenzae, invasive 29 2 1 0 9 3 2 0 6 1 3 2 Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome* 6 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Hepatitis A, acute 23 1 11 1 3 3 0 0 1 0 3 0 Hepatitis B, acute 124 6 20 7 29 12 8 2 23 6 5 6 Hepatitis C, acute 9 0 2 0 4 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 Histoplasmosis 25 0 21 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 Legionnaires’ disease 11 3 1 0 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 Listeria 8 0 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 Lyme disease 14 0 3 1 2 2 4 1 1 0 0 0 Malaria 7 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 Meningococcal disease 9 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 5 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Salmonella* 958 37 82 76 107 61 80 18 137 117 136 106 Shigella 714 2 32 98 126 13 13 16 58 40 114 202 Typhoid fever 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Vibrio 10 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 3 1 2 West Nile Encephalitis 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 0 0 West Nile fever 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yersinia 17 0 3 1 7 0 1 0 1 3 0 1 *Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome = 1 missing PHA; Salmonella = 1 missing PHA ±Table reflects provisional numbers for 2007
ureau of communicable disease number of quick tests for seasonal influenza 2006 to 2007 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 mmwr week Total Performed Percent Positive transmitted from animals to humans. The following is a summary of the 2007 results of that monitoring: • The number of cumulative cases of animal rabies in 2007 was 80, down from 85 in 2006. Just as in previous years, positive rabies tests were most frequent in wildlife species, particularly raccoons. Raccoons accounted for 47 of the positive rabies cases compared to 57 in 2006. Alabama had 20 positive bats, three more than in 2006. Foxes accounted for 11 of the positive rabies tests this year, three more than last year. There was one positive opossum. • Dogs represented the only domestic species testing positive for rabies this year in Alabama. There was one positive dog in 2007. In 2006, there were two positive cats and no dogs testing positive for rabies. Domestic animals represent only 1.25 percent of positive rabies submissions, which is a testament to the effectiveness of the statewide rabies vaccination program. • The Zoonotic Disease Program cooperated in a national effort to halt the northwesterly migration of the raccoon variant of rabies across Alabama. Approximately one million doses of oral rabies vaccine were distributed in portions of 11 counties throughout Alabama in 2007. • This was the eighth consecutive year Alabama collaborated with the CDC along with 15 cooperators across Alabama in a West Nile virus surveillance project. No horses tested positive for West Nile virus; down from the 2006 total of seven horses that tested positive for WNV. In 2007, there were 24 confirmed or probable human cases in 10 different counties. During 2007, seven horses in three counties tested positive for EEE virus. This is up from five in five different counties in 2006. In 2007, six sentinel chickens tested positive, compared to three in 2006. There was one human case of EEE which resulted in a fatality. Toxicology Branch The primary task of this branch is to conduct and coordinate activities in and around hazardous waste sites. The two overriding objectives are to 1) identify pathways of exposure to hazardous substances and potentially hazardous industrial releases, and 2) identify, implement, and coordinate public health interventions to reduce exposures. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) combined list more than 9,600 contaminated sites in Alabama, 12 of which are on the National Priority List (NPL), a list of the worst contaminated sites in the nation. Due to its 16-year history of assessing the public health implications of contamination, the Toxicology Branch receives and responds to approximately 50 additional environmental health concerns and/or site-specific requests each year from citizens, attorneys, or other agencies. Collaboration with EPA and ADEM contributes to resolution of health 7
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2007 - Alabama Department of Public Health

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