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iv CONTENTS 4.2 Beyond usability in the design and evaluation of video games . . . . . . 29 4.3 Differences between productivity software and video games . . . . . . . 30 4.4 Playability and gameplay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4.5 Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 4.6 Immersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4.7 Player experiences in games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.8 Methods for the evaluation of video games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.8.1 Usability testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.8.2 Playtesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.8.3 Consumer Playtest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.8.4 Heuristic evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.8.5 Physiological measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 5 Pre-study 43 5.1 Initial idea generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 5.2 Result of the idea generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 5.3 Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 5.4 Result of the questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 5.5 Brainstorming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 5.6 Result of the brainstorming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 5.7 Focus groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5.8 Result of the focus groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 6 Result of the pre-study 51 6.1 Overview of the working design document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 6.1.1 Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6.1.2 Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6.1.3 Family and family members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6.1.4 Armies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6.1.5 Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6.1.6 Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 6.1.7 Diplomacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 6.1.8 Battles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 6.2 Examples of dropped ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 7 Implementation of the functional prototype 57 7.1 Scope of the prototype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 7.2 Development environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 7.3 System architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
CONTENTS v 8 Result of the implementation 63 8.1 Overview of the prototype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 8.1.1 The game interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 8.1.2 Family members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 8.1.3 Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 8.1.4 Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 8.1.5 Messaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 8.1.6 Resource reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 8.1.7 Manpower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 8.1.8 Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 8.1.9 The map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 8.1.10 Resource stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 8.1.11 Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 8.1.12 Armies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 8.1.13 Warfare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 8.2 Errors and limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 9 Evaluation 77 9.1 Heuristic evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 9.2 Result of the heuristic evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 9.3 Focus group evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 9.4 Result of the focus group evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 10 Resulting design document 83 10.1 Basic concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 10.2 The world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 10.3 Constructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 10.4 Timescale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 10.5 Seeing & Fog of War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 10.6 Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 10.7 Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 10.8 Encounters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 10.9 Goals & endings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 10.10Highscore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 10.11Manpower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 10.12Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 10.12.1 Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 10.12.2 Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 10.12.3 Influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 10.13Races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 10.13.1 Race attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 10.13.2 Race exclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Page 1: Designing a persistent online strat
Page 5: Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Defin
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS vii Appendix C Manus till
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 Introduction The purpose
Page 13 and 14: 1.3. Goals 3 of the gameplay and on
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 2 Methods This chapter expl
Page 17 and 18: 2.3. Focus groups 7 questionnaires
Page 19 and 20: 2.6. Evaluation 9 observe users int
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 3 Requirements engineering
Page 23 and 24: 3.3. The Non-Functional Requirement
Page 33 and 34: 3.4. Eliciting requirements 23 - Fo
Page 35 and 36: 3.4. Eliciting requirements 25 unst
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 4 Models & methods for eval
Page 39 and 40: 4.2. Beyond usability in the design
Page 41 and 42: 4.4. Playability and gameplay 31 is
Page 43 and 44: 4.5. Flow 33 difficulty of the task
Page 45 and 46: 4.5. Flow 35 Figure 4.3: The optima
Page 47 and 48: 4.7. Player experiences in games 37
Page 49 and 50: 4.8. Methods for the evaluation of
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Page 53 and 54: Chapter 5 Pre-study This chapter pr
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5.8. Result of the focus groups 47
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5.8. Result of the focus groups 49
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Chapter 6 Result of the pre-study S
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6.2. Examples of dropped ideas 53 n
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6.2. Examples of dropped ideas 55 -
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Chapter 7 Implementation of the fun
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7.3. System architecture 59 7.3 Sys
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7.3. System architecture 61 Figure
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Chapter 8 Result of the implementat
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8.1. Overview of the prototype 65 A
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8.1. Overview of the prototype 67 F
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8.1. Overview of the prototype 69 w
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8.1. Overview of the prototype 71 8
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8.1. Overview of the prototype 73 W
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8.1. Overview of the prototype 75 F
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Chapter 9 Evaluation This chapter d
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9.3. Focus group evaluation 79 Anot
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9.4. Result of the focus group eval
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Chapter 10 Resulting design documen
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10.4. Timescale 85 - Forts. Forts a
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10.8. Encounters 87 10.8 Encounters
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10.12. Cities 89 10.12.1 Buildings
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10.14. Resources 91 10.13.1 Race at
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10.15. Family and family members 93
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10.17. Conquest and expansion 95 10
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10.18. Battles 97 captured. The pla
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10.21. Diplomacy 99 is of course al
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10.24. Issues that needs to be reso
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Chapter 11 Discussion & Conclusion
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11.2. Future work 105 A forum was l
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Chapter 12 Acknowledgements We woul
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References [1] Arsenault, D. DARK W
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REFERENCES 111 [28] Johnson, B., an
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Appendices 113
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116 Chapter A. Pre-prototype game s
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130 Chapter B. Enkät Vad/vilka del
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132 Chapter C. Manus till brainstor
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134 Chapter D. Resultat - brainstor
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136 Chapter D. Resultat - brainstor
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138 Chapter E. Resultat - brainstor
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140 Chapter E. Resultat - brainstor
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142 Chapter F. Manus för diskussio
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144 Chapter G. Frågor som måste b
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146 Chapter G. Frågor som måste b
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148 Chapter H. Annoterade idéer ti
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166 Chapter I. Heuristiker för utv
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168 Chapter J. Found issues in heur
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178 Chapter K. Utvärderingsmanus f
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180 Chapter K. Utvärderingsmanus f
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182 Chapter L. Resultat av utvärde
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188 Chapter M. Resultat av utvärde
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196 Chapter N. Resultat av utvärde
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198 Chapter N. Resultat av utvärde
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