Switch-Mode and Uninterruptible Power Supplies, Electronic Fuses ...

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Glossary Glossary/Technical appendix IU characteristic curve The IU characteristic curve is a special output characteristic curve that protects power supply units from overloads and short circuits. It offers the best performance with regards to overload and short circuit capabilities. A current limit is activated at a specific current level (for example, 110 or 120 % on the nominal rating). As the load continues to increase, the output voltage is reduced according to the current limit curve until it reaches a level approaching zero volts. Thus a pulsating mode of operations is avoided for short-term overloads. Large capacitive loads or motors are brought back up along the slope of the current-limit characteristic curve. After a short circuit or overload is fixed, the IU characteristic curve offers the advantage of immediately returning to the normal voltage control mechanism. The full output voltage is then immediately available. The IU characteristic curve is becoming the established standard for modern power supplies. Additional variants are available which pertain to the peak current capacity and the slope of the current-limit characteristic curve. U A U INominal ILimit I M Mains harmonics Mains system types Power supplies can experience harmonics caused by mains rectification on the input side. These harmonics are multiples of the mains frequencies. Existing standards define specific limit values since such harmonics can significantly lower the mains quality. This refers to the types of mains supply systems. Systems differ in their method of earthing and the implementation of the phase wire, PE wire and central-point wire. Common mains systems include the TN, IT and TT networks. The individual mains types can also differ in their voltage levels and frequencies. PRO-M PRO-M PRO-M PRO-M L N PE TN-S Mains L1 L2 L3 N PE TN-C Mains L1 L2 L3 PEN L N PE TT Mains L1 L2 L3 N L N PE IT Mains L1 L2 L3 N L N PE W MTBF (mean time between failure) The MTBF is a statistical value that specifies the probability that a product will fail. It is typically specified in hours and normally assumes a temperature of 25 °C. The probability of failure depends largely on the ambient surroundings. The key variables are the type of load and the ambient temperature. W.10 1366860000 – 2013
Glossary O Output characteristic curves Overvoltage category The output characteristic curves of power supply devices are determined by current and voltage. Unregulated devices do not have a current limit. In the case of an overload or short circuit, fuses or temperature switches are used to protect the device. Regulated devices are protected against overload and short circuits by means of various output characteristic curves. In this case, the system attempts to prevent any activation of fuses or temperature switches. The mandatory manual reset which follows an overload or short circuit can then be avoided. Common output characteristic curves include the hiccup mode, the foldback characteristic curve or the IU characteristic curve. ➝ Hiccup mode, foldback characteristic curve, IU characteristic curve Power supply units are classified into overvoltage categories according to the immunity against mains surges and transient voltages. Glossary/Technical appendix P PELV (protective extra-low voltage) PFC (power factor correction) Pollution severity Power-boost or boost Power factor This is a functional DC voltage with secure isolation according to EN 50178. As with SELV, a reinforced or double insulation is used between the primary and secondary sides. However, the secondary side is earthed. The power factor correction can be either passive or active in relation to power supply devices. The reactive power resulting from the bridge rectification puts a significant strain on the power supply network. The relatively poor power efficiency factor that results can be improved by using passive components (such as filters) or an active electronic mechanism. For switched-mode power supplies, PFC usually refers to the active variant of the power factor correction. Power factors of almost 1 can be reached when using an active PFC. Practically no reactive power is drawn from the mains supply network; therefore the strain on the mains network is relatively low. Pollution severity describes the environment and ambient conditions that a device requires in order for it to function smoothly. Significant environmental variables include condensation or air containing dust and oil. The power-boost function is the surge current handling capacity in the seconds to minutes range. This function is often required for starting up DC motors. DC motors have a high start-up current and often require several seconds before they have achieved their rated rotational speed. The power-boost function helps to optimise this start-up phase. The power factor is the ratio of reactive power to apparent power. It is an indicator of the device performance with respect to the load on the mains power network. Depending on the technology in use, the power factor for power supplies can be between 0.45 and nearly 1. W 1366860000 – 2013 W.11
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Product overview Power supplies - O
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connectPower Switch-mode power supp
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DC/DC converter Switch-mode power s
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DC/DC converter Switch-mode power s
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connectPower DC/DC converter Switch
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Switch-mode power supplies A A.58 1
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Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS
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UPS control unit Uninterruptible po
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Battery modules Uninterruptible pow
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Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS
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Fuse protection for 24 V DC circuit
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WAVEGUARD Fuse protection for 24 V
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WAVEGUARD Fuse protection for 24 V
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Page 136 and 137: Power Supplies - Overview Glossary/
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Switch-Mode and Uninterruptible Power Supplies, Electronic Fuses ...

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