Muscular system
Muscular system
Muscular system
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Hypobranchial musculature<br />
• Hypaxial muscles extend forward ventrally<br />
beneath pharyngeal skeleton.<br />
• Hypobranchial muscles homologous with<br />
hypaxial muscles of trunk.<br />
• Fishes: attach posteriorly to pectoral<br />
skeleton (coracoid, etc.).<br />
– Contribute to jaw and tongue movement.<br />
• Tetrapods: associated with pharyngeal<br />
arches.<br />
– Hyoid, tongue, throat, t larynx.
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