SAPEM Chapter 2 - Sanral

Condition
South African Pavement Engineering Manual
Chapter 2: Pavement Composition and Behaviour
Very good
Good
Good
Reseal
Good
Reconstruction
Fair
Rehabilitation
Fair
Poor
Poor
Very poor
Very poor
Very poor
Very poor
Traffic and Ageing
Figure 36. Impact of Timeous Maintenance on Life Cycle Costs
The terminal condition is defined as the degree and extent of distress or serviceability for a given class of road at
which point it requires immediate repair or rehabilitation, both in terms of road user and asset value considerations.
The degrees and extents of distress manifestations selected as terminal conditions are dependent on the category of
pavements. For example, 10 mm rutting over 30% of the road length for Category A pavements (a freeway with
95% reliability in the design). In many cases terminal conditions are only defined in terms of minimum serviceability
levels, which represent the measured roughness resulting from a combination of a variety of distress manifestations.
These distress mechanisms are not directly used in pavement designs and are only empirically considered.
An economic analysis called Life Cycle Costing is required to determine which of the different strategies is more costeffective.
The Present Worth of Cost (PWOC) is one of the methods of economic analysis that can be used.
Section 13: Life-Cycle Strategy
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