Innovations: Nursing Science, Education, Practice - University of ...

PENN NURSING
A P U B L I C A T I O N O F T H E
U N I V E R S I T Y O F P E N N S Y L V A N I A S C H O O L O F N U R S I N G
F A L L 1 9 9 9 . V O L U M E 3 . N U M B E R 1
INNOVATIONS:
Nursing Science,
Education, Practice

The mission of the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing,
as part of a major research university, is to develop,
disseminate, and utilize nursing knowledge. Education
and clinical practice are essential to the utilization of
nursing knowledge and generation of questions that
give focus and meaning to the research enterprise.
Research, education, and clinical practice at the School
of Nursing are integrated to create a unique academic
milieu in which faculty, clinicians, and students engage
in a culture of discovery.
The School’s baccalaureate, graduate, and
professional development programs derive excellence
and strength from the unusually fertile environment
for research that exists at this University. Research
guides education and shapes practice that emphasizes
identification of, response to, and leadership for the
health-care needs of a multicultural world.
2 P e n n N u r s i n gPENN

PENN NURSING
A P U B L I C A T I O N O F T H E
U N I V E R S I T Y O F P E N N S Y L V A N I A S C H O O L O F N U R S I N G
F A L L 1 9 9 9 . V O L U M E 3 . N U M B E R 1
Table of Contents
2 Message from the Dean
3 Penn Nursing Notes
6 Bridging Two Cultures
6
12 Charting the Future of Nursing Education
18 Media Highlights
20 Alumni Perspectives
22 Corporate Partnerships
23 PhD Graduates
24 Faculty Honors
26 Faculty Research
31 Faculty Publications
12
Editor
Kate Judge
Communication Consultants
Steege/Thomson Communications
Susan C. Greenbaum
18
Editorial Board
Norma M. Lang, PhD, FAAN, FRCN, RN
Linda H. Aiken, PhD, FAAN, FRCN, RN
Jane H. Barnsteiner, PhD, FAAN, RN
Susan Gennaro, DSN, FAAN, RN
Neville E. Strumpf, PhD, FAAN, RN
F a l l 1 9 9 9 1

Message from the Dean
Nursing is synonymous
with innovation.
Nurses have a
g reater opport u n i t y
to employ more innovations
more quickly than
v i rtually any other pro f e s-
sional. Every day nurses
come into contact with
people suffering from
p roblems, and every day
they solve them by asking
themselves “why,” “what,”
and “how.”
At Penn, the tradition of innovation began in 1740,
when the greatest innovator in early American hist
o ry, Benjamin Franklin, founded the School. It’s a
way of life here to think about the questions that
face society and to address them through nursing
re s e a rch and nursing practice.
How does a nursing school close the circle of
knowledge? I was vividly reminded recently at the
Penn Macy Institute to Advance Academic Nursing
Practice. Living the tripartite mission as innovators
a re professors of nursing who teach, re s e a rch, and
practice. Sarah Kagan, PhD, RN, and Arlene
Houldin, PhD, RN, (Nu’72, GNu’76) are superb
examples. Kagan generates, applies, and teaches
knowledge about geriatric care in the hospital, nursing
home, and community. And Houldin’s scholarship,
practice, and teaching provide insight into the
psychosocial needs of cancer patients.
These professors know re s e a rch is not an end in
itself. Each spends significant time in clinical practice
and working with students to put innovations
into practice, benefiting patients, and passing
knowledge to a new generation.
How does a nursing school reach those outside its
traditional borders or boundaries? For several years,
students in rural Pennsylvania have absorbed Penn
N u r s i n g ’s expertise through an innovative distance
l e a rning program. With a camera on students in one
location and another on teachers in Philadelphia,
technology creates a virtual classroom complete
with the electricity that ideas and knowledge generate.
Beginning in the fall of 1999, this innovation
also is benefiting master’s degree students gathere d
at St. Jude Childre n ’s Research Hospital in
Memphis, Tennessee.
How can we pre p a re the most influential practitioners?
Students in Penn’s new innovative
nursing/business program for undergraduates will
leave the University ready to balance quality health
c a re with the bottom line to lead in the next century.
Others in the Nursing School’s new master’s leadership
program will gain the insight and skills to
influence the policies that affect us all.
What can academic nursing do to develop and test
new models of care delivery? A year ago Penn
became the first university to establish a congre s-
sionally authorized PACE program directed by
nurses. The innovative program offers elderly
patients the opportunity to stay in their homes and
receive primary and specialty care, social serv i c e s ,
and support at a center.
P rogram directors Karen Buhler- Wilkerson, PhD,
RN, FAAN, and Mary Naylor, PhD, FAAN, RN,
(GNu’73, PhD’82) with a team of re s e a rchers and
students, will study the quality and costs of the program,
testing innovative models of clinical decision
making and service delivery. Their re s e a rch will
i n c rease the understanding of the needs and conc
e rns of frail elders and caregivers.
As we move into the next century, as the Baby
Boom generation grows old, the need for innovations
in health care will only increase. Nursing, with
its emphasis on re s e a rch and problem solving, will
meet the challenge.
NO R M A M. LA N G, PHD, FAAN, FRCN, RN
M a rg a ret Bond Simon Dean of Nursing
2 P e n n N u r s i n g

Penn Nursing Notes
Nurse Scholars
Join Fa c u lt y
In the last academic year, six nursing
scholars joined the School’s standing
faculty. Their appointments complement
the strength of the School’s
p rograms and extend the range of our
initiatives in re s e a rch, education, and
practice.
Joan E. Burritt, DNSc, RN,
(GNu’80, PhD’88) is chief nursing
officer and associate hospital administrator
at the Hospital of the
University of Pennsylvania. She came
to Penn from Yale New Haven
Hospital, where she was director of
medical nursing and interim dire c t o r
of ambulatory nursing.
Nancy C. Tkacs, PhD, RN,
(GNu’77) an assistant pro f e s s o r,
belongs to a small cadre of nurse
physiologists engaged in basic science
re s e a rch. She specializes in discovering
how the brain integrates responses to
illness; she is now focusing on hypoglycemia
unawareness in diabetic
p a t i e n t s .
Ann E. Rogers, PhD, RN, an associate
professor of nursing, is a leader
in the field of sleep re s e a rch, part i c u-
larly narc o l e p s y. With a $1.4 million
grant from the National Institutes of
Health, she is re s e a rching ways to
counter excessive daytime sleepiness
in narcolepsy patients. Rogers has
p reviously taught at the University of
Michigan.
Deborah B. McGuire, PhD, FA A N ,
RN, (Nu’74) an associate pro f e s s o r, is
u
recognized as one of the nation’s leading
oncology nurse re s e a rchers and
e x p e rts in pain management. She will
d i rect the School’s oncology nursing
graduate program. McGuire has
taught at the Johns Hopkins School of
Nursing and at Emory University.
Barbara S. Levine, PhD, RN, an
assistant pro f e s s o r, serves as dire c t o r
of gerontologic nursing practice in the
University of Pennsylvania Health
System. As a re s e a rcher and clinician,
Levine has examined questions re l a t e d
to the quality of family care - g i v i n g
and the problems of elderly patients
with cardiac disease.
K a ren L. Schumacher, PhD, RN,
assistant professor of community
health nursing, has conducted landmark
re s e a rch on family-based care to
people receiving chemotherapy for
c a n c e r. ■
Penn Nursing’s
SNAP Re c e i v e s
Chapter of
E xcellence Aw a r d
The Student Nurses Association of
Pennsylvania awarded Penn’s
chapter its first Chapter of Excellence
Aw a rd, saying the organization exemplifies
student leadership at the state
and national levels.
As part of its mission, Student
Nurses at Penn helps student nurses
develop pro f e s s i o n a l l y, explores professional
issues, and supports pro f e s-
sional and legislative issues related to
nursing and health care. SNAP also
s e rves as an undergraduate advisory
b o a rd and addresses concerns of
nursing students.
SNAP organizes activities such as
student-faculty dinners and community
service projects and serves as a
liaison among students, faculty, and
the School and University administrations.
■
New Chairs
Reward Expert i s e
Endowed chairs allow Penn
Nursing to recognize and support
the work of the finest re s e a rchers and
scholars in their fields. In the past two
years, the School has filled three new
chairs. Mary Naylor, PhD, RN,
FAAN, (GNu’73, PhD’82) form e r
associate dean, became the first to hold
the Ralston House Endowed Te rm
Chair in Gerontologic Nursing. The
appointment recognizes Naylor’s
g ro u n d - b reaking work with the elderl
y. Linda Aiken, PhD, FAAN, FRCN,
RN, began her appointment to the
C l a i re M. Fagin Leadership Chair in
Nursing. As a leading national and
Left: Mary Naylor,
bottom left: Linda
Aiken, and bottom
right: Ellen Fung
i n t e rnational re s e a rcher and consultant,
Aiken serves as director of Penn
N u r s i n g ’s Center for Health
Outcomes and Policy Research. Her
c u rrent re s e a rch focuses on health-care
re f o rm throughout the world.
Teaching and re s e a rch in childre n ’s
nutrition earned Ellen Fung, PhD,
RD, the Helen M. Shearer Endowed
Te rm Chair in Nutrition. Fung focuses
on the nutritional needs of childre n
with chronic diseases, part i c u l a r l y
c e rebral palsy, sickle cell disease, and
cystic fibrosis. ■
F a l l 1 9 9 9 3

Penn Nursing
Launches Virt ua l
Open Houses
They came from as far away as
England, but they didn’t spend a
penny to get to Philadelphia. Some
asked about practical matters such as
financial aid and course selection; others
wanted to know about Penn’s
social life and intramural sports.
T h rough the power of the Intern e t ,
p rospective Penn Nursing students
visited the campus without leaving
their homes during a series of “virt u a l
open houses” in the past year.
Designed to supplement actual visits,
the virtual open houses employed
technology to link prospective students
around the globe who wanted
to ask questions of the people who
know Penn Nursing best — undergraduate
and graduate students, facult
y, and administrators.
T h ree virtual events were held in
1999, attracting nearly 100 visitors.
Invitations were sent to pro s p e c t i v e
students who had inquired about the
School of Nursing, although no re s e r-
vation was necessary. With the pointing
of a Web browser and the click of
a mouse, visitors “arrived” on Penn’s
campus from 4 P M until 9 P M. Tw e n t y
volunteers, with the help of an on-line
m o d e r a t o r, fielded inquiries via computers
in the admissions offices.
In addition to hosting the virt u a l
open houses, Penn Nursing accepts
applications online.
For more information about the
School of Nursing, direct your We b
b rowser to www.nursing.upenn.edu ■
New Le a d e r s h i p
Te a m
When the School’s two associate
deans announced plans to pursue
new opportunities last spring, a
t h o rough search found the most
qualified replacements already within
Penn Nursing’s ranks.
Linda P. Brown, PhD, FAAN, RN,
(GNu’78, PhD’85) now directs undergraduate
studies as an associate dean,
and Joyce E. Thompson, DrPH,
CNM, FAAN, RN, is associate dean
Linda P. Brown, and Joyce Thompson
and director of graduate studies and
p rofessional development.
B rown embodies the School’s mission
by melding re s e a rch, practice,
and teaching. She is best known for
her commitment to mentoring tomorro
w ’s nurses, her extensive re s e a rc h
on breastfeeding, and her models of
health care for vulnerable women and
c h i l d re n .
Thompson brings to her job extensive
experience in bioethics, public
health, and midwifery. Since 1979, she
has served as director of the School’s
Nurse Midwifery Graduate Pro g r a m .
She also is director of the School’s
World Health Org a n i z a t i o n
Collaborating Center in Nursing and
M i d w i f e ry Leadership. As a national
4 P e n n N u r s i n g

and international advocate for
advanced practice nursing, the pro f e s-
sion of midwifery, and health care for
all women, Thompson has contributed
to the physical, emotional,
and spiritual well-being of families
worldwide.
M a ry D. Naylor, PhD, FAAN, RN,
f o rmerly associate dean and dire c t o r
of undergraduate studies, has become
the first holder of the Ralston House
Endowed Te rm Chair in
G e rontologic Nursing. Marla E.
Salmon, ScD, FAAN, RN, form e r l y
associate dean and director of graduate
studies, left to become the dean of
the School of Nursing at Emory
U n i v e r s i t y. ■
Judge Re n d e l l
B e c o m e s
Overseers’ Chair
U
.S. Circuit Judge Marjorie Rendell
(CW’69), a Penn trustee and
longtime leader in the University
c o m m u n i t y, has been named chair of
the School of Nursing’s Board of
Overseers. The appointment unders
c o res the conc
e rn and commitment
to
nursing she has
e x p ressed for
years thro u g h
her work with
the Vi s i t i n g
N u r s e
Association of Greater Philadelphia,
which she served as a board member
and vice chair.
Judge Rendell, wife of Philadelphia
Mayor Edward G. Rendell, Jr. (C’68),
has served on the Third U.S. Circ u i t
C o u rt of Appeals since 1997; she
spent the previous three years on the
U.S. District Court in Philadelphia.
Judge Rendell’s knowledge of the
School and University, the nursing
p rofession, and city, state, and federal
g o v e rnments will be a valuable
re s o u rce to the School.
“In 10 years, there may not be stock
b rokers or bankers, but there will be
nurses. Penn will play a major role in
the evolution of nursing,” Judge
Rendell said. ■
Penn Macy Institute:
Advancing Academic Nursing Practice
Re p resentatives from 10 nursing schools across the
c o u n t ry gathered on the Penn campus for eight
days in July to discuss the challenges of faculty involvement,
re s e a rch integration, and practice sustainability.
The conference was the first of two by the Penn Macy
Institute to Advance Academic Nursing Practice, a joint
p roject between Penn and the Josiah Macy, Jr.
F o u n d a t i o n .
The schools were selected from a broad pool of applicants
because of their potential to develop practices that
integrate education and re s e a rch. Ten additional schools
will be selected for the summer 2000 confere n c e .
The presentations included a detailed outline by Mary
N a y l o r, PhD, FAAN, RN, (GNu’73, PhD’82) of the
re s e a rch agenda at the core of the LIFE program, Penn’s
academic nursing practice for the frail elderly.
“In nursing, too, the triad of education, re s e a rch,
and practice must be vitally bound if we are to pre p a re
nurses for clinical practice in the 21st century,’ said
Lois Evans, DNSc, FAAN, RN.
P a rticipants came from New York University, Te m p l e
U n i v e r s i t y, University of California at Los Angeles,
University of Colorado at Denver, University of
K e n t u c k y, University of Rochester, University of Te x a s
at Houston, University of Vi rginia, Washington State
U n i v e r s i t y, and University of Wisconsin.
Top (l-r): Lois Evans, dire c t o r
of academic nursing practices;
Penn Nursing Dean Norm a
Lang; President of the
Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation,
June Osborn; President of
Independence Foundation,
Susan Sherman.
Bottom: Nursing scholars fro m
a c ross the country explore the
field of advancing academic
nursing practice.
“ We were impressed by the expertise of re s e a rch and
clinical nursing scholars and their ability to build an
i n c redible, scholarly, and service-oriented bridge
between the traditional ‘islands’ of nursing academe
and practice,” said Linda Baumann of the University
of Wisconsin. ■
F a l l 1 9 9 9 5

Bridging Two Cultures for a
Top: Breaking new ground in
health-care education are
junior Sarah Scott, junior Ben
Katz, junior Michelle Segel,
sophomore Kathleen Magee,
and junior Thomas Kisimbi.
Bottom: Thomas Kisimbi will
spend a semester at Penn’s
program at Oxford-Brooks
University and gain experience
in research at the Center for
Health Outcomes and Policy
Research before graduating in
2001 with bachelor’s degrees
in nursing and economics.
Far right: Mary Naylor
speaking with students in the
joint degree program.
6 P e n n N u r s i n g

Benjamin Katz leads a double life.
■ As an undergraduate in the top-ranked University of Pennsylvania
Nursing School, Katz is a semester or two from learning the basics of
delivering a baby, and he knows he can count on his classmates to help if
his grades start to slip. ■ A c ross campus, at the equally pre s t i g i o u s
W h a rton School, he’s a budding entre p re n e u r, learning about health-care
management from the financier’s viewpoint, and he knows competition is
the key to not falling behind. ■ Katz, of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, is one of
four students entering their junior year as the inaugural class in a joint
u n d e rgraduate program with the two schools. If all goes according to
plan, they will emerge from Penn armed with one of the most powerf u l
u n d e rgraduate health-care educations in the country. ■
Unique Education
A new joint
degree from Pe n n
Nursing and
Wharton gives
students
specialized skills
for tomorrow’s
w o r l d .
Innovation fulfills needs
The undergraduate program was developed to
p roduce a new generation of health-care leaders.
A c c o rding to Mary Naylor, PhD, FAAN, R N ,
a rchitect of the joint-degree programs at Penn
Nursing, “The mandates of managed care joined
with advances in re s e a rch and technology and ethical
issues re q u i re a new kind of thinking to meet the
challenges of a changing health-care system.”
Examining health care from a business viewpoint
d rew Katz into the program.
“The idea of looking at health-care economics is
philosophically interesting, because it touches a lot
of people,” he said. “And balancing life-and-death
needs with economics is challenging.”
F a l l 1 9 9 9 7

“The m a n d a t e sof managed care joined with advances in research a n d
t e c h n o l o g yand ethical issues require a new kind of thinking
to meet the challenges of a changing health-care system.” —Mary Naylor
Joint-degree student Sarah Scott and clinician Wendy Hobbie talk about health and growth with Tim Ogle.
8 P e n n N u r s i n g

Program challenges students
About 30 to 35 incoming fre s h m e n
have applied for the program during
each of its three years of existence, and
only a handful have been accepted.
Getting into the program is only the
beginning. Where the typical Penn
u n d e rgraduate takes four or five classes
a semester, those enrolled in the
j o i n t - d e g ree program take six.
For Sarah Scott, a junior fro m
Kansas City, Kansas, the punishing
schedule includes work-study
employment in the School of
N u r s i n g ’s admissions office. In the fall
s e m e s t e r, she will be in class 32 hours
a week with clinical labs of four to six
hours each.
She worries about her grade point
average, currently hovering at 3.3.
“I’m used to getting straight A’s , ”
she said. “I probably have one of the
lower GPAs out of the four of us, but
I don’t feel threatened at all by that. I
work at my own pace.”
S c o t t ’s father is a financial advisor
and pushed for Wharton. With a
mother who is a re g i s t e red nurse, she
seemed almost destined to enroll in
the joint-degree pro g r a m .
Like Katz, she finds that each
school has a radically diff e rent culture .
Competition coexists with compassion
W h a rton is “very, very aggre s s i v e ,
v e ry competitive,” Scott said. “The
Nursing School is much more caring
and wants to join forces with you
m o re . ”
She is unsure what she will do after
graduation, but she doesn’t seem worried
about her prospects. Employers
a l ready have shown interest by off e r-
ing each student numerous summer
i n t e rnship opportunities.
“ I t ’s clear there are going to be so
many opportunities available to us,”
she said.
R i c h a rd Herring, underg r a d u a t e
vice dean of Wharton and a pro f e s s o r
of finance, said graduates will find
M a ry Naylor, PhD, FAAN, RN,
(GNu’73, PhD’82):
I n n o vator, Researcher, Le a d e r
Innovation is the product of vision, expertise, and hard work. This trio of
attributes is regularly ascribed to Mary Naylor, PhD, FAAN, RN, (GNu’73,
PhD’82) by colleagues, students, and funders.
Naylor is the architect of several innovative joint-degree programs and
minors that provide Penn Nursing students with knowledge and skills in business
(see accompanying story), communication, law, and technology unavailable
at other universities. She led the University-wide initiative to make
re s e a rch experiences available to undergraduates. And, anticipating the many
changes to come in health care, she expanded the School’s focus on community-based
nursing, health promotion, and disease pre v e n t i o n .
In just more than a decade as associate dean and director of underg r a d u a t e
studies, Naylor helped Penn’s School of Nursing earn a national reputation for
excellence with her passion, foresight, and acumen. Shortly after stepping
down in December 1998, she accepted the first appointment to the Ralston
House Endowed Te rm Chair in Gerontological Nursing. The appointment re c o g-
nizes Naylor’s gro u n d - b reaking re s e a rch in the care of vulnerable elders.
N a y l o r ’s emphasis on integrating re s e a rch and education led to the cre a t i o n
of 12 funded undergraduate re s e a rch fellowships in which students work with
faculty scholars. In several cases, these students have published articles and
p resented papers at national and international meetings.
Leading by example, Naylor has guided the development of many underg r a d-
uate, master’s, and doctoral students. At the same time, she co-founded the
S c h o o l ’s largest academic practice, LIFE, or Living Independently For Elders, and
s e rved as the director of the Hillman Scholars Program (see Page 20).
“If nurses are to have a major and lasting influence on health care, scholars
must use practice to inform re s e a rch, and the knowledge generated fro m
re s e a rch must be used to influence the preparation of the next generation of
h e a l t h - c a re providers. I have been fortunate to be surrounded by colleagues
f rom many disciplines at Penn and throughout the country who do just that,”
says Naylor. ■
M a ry Naylor and her re s e a rch team review the national
p ress coverage of their study of transitional care .
F a l l 1 9 9 9 9

“C l e a r l y there will be bidding for these kinds of graduates.”
— Richard H e r r i n g, undergraduate vice dean of W h a r t o n
n u m e rous opportunities inside and
outside of health care.
People able to analyze health care
with a pro v i d e r’s perspective will find
ample opportunities in investment
banks, he said. Health-care financing,
p a rticularly underwriting new initiatives,
also will welcome the graduates,
H e rring added.
“Clearly there will be bidding for
these kinds of graduates,” he said.
C o re classes at Wharton include
two semesters of accounting, two of
finance, two of statistics, and introd
u c t o ry programs in management,
marketing, operations, and inform a-
tion management, Herring said.
“ I t ’s a very broad but very rigoro u s
business core,” he said.
Because Wharton has about 500
u n d e rgraduates — compared with 80
to 90 in the School of Nursing —
j o i n t - p rogram students do run into
s t rong competition in their business
classes, he said.
“If they’re interested in being in
the business world, it’s something
t h e y ’ re going to have to deal with,”
H e rring said.
Scott said she has learned an
i m p o rtant lesson by experiencing each
e n v i ronment: competition and compassion
are not mutually exclusive.
Unique Grant Recognizes Penn’s
O u tcomes Research Expert i s e
A
$1.6 million, five-year grant from the National Institutes of Health is helping position the School at the cutting
edge of outcomes re s e a rch. The new program for pre- and post-doctoral fellows is the first NIH-supported
initiative of its kind in the United States.
“Its intent is to train a new cadre of nurse scientists at the doctoral and post-doctoral levels in the design and
methods of outcomes re s e a rch,” said Julie Sochalski, PhD, FAAN, RN, associate director of the Center for Health
Outcomes and Policy Research. “As nurses increasingly ask ‘what works,’ which is the mission of outcomes re s e a rc h ,
we will begin to understand how care, caring, and health promotion, not just
c u re and efficiency, contribute to better health outcomes.”
The pro g r a m ’s first students began work this fall. Sochalski said the pro g r a m
draws on Penn’s entire academic community, particularly its statistical and
social science re s e a rch expertise, to promote a rigorous and broad-based
p rogram of study.
Nurses traditionally are trained in clinical re s e a rch. The program seeks to
b reak ground by offering participants the chance to also study social and
behavioral science. Fellows will be able to take advantage of the Center, which
budgets more than $1 million annually for re s e a rch.
By using advanced statistical tools applied to social re s e a rch and the full
a rray of secondary data sources available for large-scale studies, the pro g r a m
“will enable nurses to pursue a wider range of timely questions about our
h e a l t h - c a re system,” Sochalski said. The answers ultimately will be influential
in policy making, reflecting a key goal of the program: to educate people who
will change the way health care is organized and financed. ■
10 P e n n N u r s i n g

Students develop tight bonds
It helps that Scott, Katz, and the other
two students from the first year —
Michelle Segal and Thomas Kisimbi
— are close enough to bounce ideas,
f rustrations, and philosophies off
each other.
Scott and Katz are the closest of the
f o u r. Like Scott, Katz is a
M i d w e s t e rner who grew up in a
house permeated by business and
medicine. His father is a surgeon who
helped set up a clinic in Eau Claire to
allow doctors to share re s o u rces such
as MRIs. His mother has a nursing
d e g ree and an MBA.
He said the prestige of both schools
appealed to him.
“ T h e y ’ re both pretty much topnotch
in their own right,” he said.
When the four do compete, they
still cooperate. Katz and Segal both
made the list of four finalists for a
summer internship in Switzerland
with Medtronic, a Minneapolis-based
company that manufactures pacemakers.
They practiced for their interviews
together, and, when Katz ultimately
won the job, their friendship
stayed intact.
“ We all go through the same stuff ,
to be honest. There are a lot of classes
that most people in Wharton will
never have to take. … I think there ’s
just a common bond from that.”
Though Katz has not yet decided
on a specific career path, he appears
confident about his future .
“I know what actually works fro m
an organizational standpoint. I think I
will be able to communicate better
with health-care providers of all
s o rts,” he said. “I’m certainly unique.
T h e re are n ’t a lot of nurses who know
a good deal about finance and can do
a c c o u n t i n g . ’ ■
N
ursing,
Penn Recruits
R i s k - ta k e r s
traditionally a practical profession based
on sound science, is an unlikely choice for creative
risk-takers at most universities. Not at Penn.
The Advanced Practice Program in Leadership,
which started this fall, gives students great latitude in
developing their own curriculum to pre p a re for roles in
g o v e rnment, health systems, and health policy.
Sue Ogle, (GNu’86, GNc’99) the School’s associate
d i rector of admissions and student affairs, described
the ideal candidate as “self-directed, creative, willing
to take risks, and interested in a leadership position
within the nursing profession.”
Traditional master’s programs dictate the course
load with only slight flexibility; students in the new
p rogram may choose to take courses thro u g h o u t
Penn, ranging from bioethics to communications,
business, epidemiology, and engineering.
Ogle says the idea is to offer people a way to connect
with nursing when they are not interested in the
m o re traditional ro l e s .
The program offers a master’s of science in nursing
and may be taken full or part time. The director is
Joyce E. Thompson, DrPH, CNM, FAAN, RN, an internationally
recognized expert on midwifery, ethics, and
public health. Thompson also is associate dean for
graduate studies and professional development. ■
F a l l 1 9 9 9 11

Charting the Future of
Nursing Education
AS W E M O V E I N T O T H E N E X T C E N T U RY, D E M A N D F O R N U R S I N G
E X P E RT I S EA N D T H E N AT U R EO F N U R S I N G P R A C T I C EW I L L C H A N G E
DRAMATICALLY. IN JULY, DEAN NORMA LANG INVITED THE
SC H O O L O F NU R S I N G’S T H R E E A S S O C I AT ED E A N S T O D I S C U S S T H E
C H A L L E N G E S N U R S I N G W I L L E N C O U N T E R I N T H E C O M I N G Y E A R S.
P A R T I C I P A N T S
Norma M. Lang, PhD, FAAN,
FRCN, RN
M a rg a ret Bond Simon
Dean of Nursing.
Linda P. Brown, PhD, FAAN, RN
Associate dean, director of
u n d e rgraduate studies,
and Miriam Stirl Professor
in Nutrition.
Joyce E. Thompson, DrPH,
CNM, FAAN, RN
Associate dean, director of
graduate studies and
p rofessional development,
and director of the
WHO Collaborating Center
in Nursing and Midwifery
L e a d e r s h i p .
Maureen P. McCausland, DNSc,
FAAN, RN
Associate dean for nursing
practice, professor of nursing
administration at the
School of Nursing, and chief
nursing executive of the
University of Pennsylvania
Health System.
12 P e n n N u r s i n g

Maureen McCausland: The foremost
challenge we face in nursing education
is keeping our commitment to
an intimate, caring nurse-patient relationship.
We must teach students to
cherish this relationship in the face of
tremendous pressure to move
patients through the health-care system
in a responsible way.
We also face a challenge in recruiting
the next generation of clinical
nurses. Women have countless choices
for their careers. Many now look
askance at nursing because the public
focus is on hospital layoffs and closings.
We need to tell students the
positive reasons to enter the field,
Norma Lang: Continuing to recruit
the brain power into nursing is
absolutely a top priority. We must
continue to make nursing a vibrant
option for the best and the brightest
coming through high schools. We
also need to help students find financial
support for their education; this
is becoming a bigger and bigger issue
for students in all fields.
When should we make children
aware of options in nursing?
Literally as soon as they start watching
Sesame Street. Children see so
many choices now, and they begin
thinking about their own options.
We have another challenge as educators.
The health-care field is so
complicated today. And we have students
for such a short time to prepare
them for the myriad options they
will face. Structuring the educational
experience requires a considerable
amount of innovation to encompass
“Structuring the
educational ex p e r i e n c e
requires a considerable
amount of innovation
to encompass all of
today’s realities.”
— NO R M A LA N G
Norma Lang,
PhD, FAAN, FRCN, RN
and we need to reach them when
they’re young, before they choose
another path. Talking with students
in high school is clearly too late.
When do you show young people
the rewards of nursing? How do you
craft a program that will capture
their interests and their parents’
interest?
all of today’s realities: nurses deliver
care everywhere from home to the
work place, at levels ranging from
extended care to institutional care to
primary care and the incredibly complex
hospital care. Nursing educators
need to give students from the BSN
to the PhD the critical decision-making
and leadership skills and clinical
expertise to both begin and continue
their journey.
Joyce Thompson: When I think of the
challenges of nursing, I think of the
Chinese sign for childbearing, which
is a combination of “danger” and
“opportunity.” As nursing educators,
we must emphasize opportunities
and turn the potential dangers, or
challenges, into opportunities.
But I believe “image” plays a major
role. To move nursing forw a rd, we
need to present ourselves as part n e r s
with people from the beginning of
their lives until the end and help them
understand that together we will
i m p rove their quality of life along the
w a y. This attitude will help us re p resent
the patients’ best interests as the
health systems and illness systems are
readjusting. This means far more than
possessing the skills to treat health
p roblems; it also means learning the
a rt of politics and understanding policy
to get into a position of power to
F a l l 1 9 9 9 13

“ Two of the greatest
challenges facing all
health professions are to
educate professionals to
provide culturally sensitive
care and to enhance
the representation of
m i n o r i t i e s .”
— LI N D A BR O W N
Maureen McCausland: As an employer,
several issues present serious concern
to me. One is the decrease in bacc
a l a u reate enrollment and the alarming
growth of associate degrees. If you
look at it simply from a salary and
wage perspective, the two levels
receive essentially the same compensation,
but the levels of knowledge are
quite diff e rent. The need for baccalaureate
nurses is becoming more critical
e v e ry day. The shortage we are facing
is diff e rent from any of the others in
the past. Tr a d i t i o n a l l y, we have met
s h o rtages by re c ruiting more people
into nursing for a basic education program.
But that answer won’t work
this time. We will have an enorm o u s
number of people, the Baby Boom
generation, retiring soon. This will
leave many openings in nursing, and,
as the Baby Boomers grow older and
re q u i re more care, the need for nurses
will explode. The next generations just
d o n ’t have numbers large enough to
workforce earlier and for a longer
period of time. Also important is to
support doctoral students to enable
full-time study.
Joyce Thompson: The content of doctoral
study also needs to change. PhD
p rograms are n ’t necessarily pre p a r i n g
students to take a faculty role. Nursing
schools need to assume a dual commitment
to the re s e a rch and teaching
components of doctoral pro g r a m s .
U ntil now, many people operated
under the assumption that having a
PhD meant a person could teach. Penn
is leading the way with a new doctoral
c u rriculum that recognizes nursing
schools need experienced faculty who
also are very astute and exquisite
scholars. Students receive opport u n i-
ties to expand skills they need to pursue
the directions they choose.
Norma Lang: Another issue rarely discussed
involves public policy and the
Linda Brown,
PhD, FAAN, RN
extend access to health care — q u a l i t y
health care — to everyone.
Linda Brown: It is well known that
the face of America is changing in
many significant ways, particularly as
it relates to ethnicity. Two of the
greatest challenges facing all health
professions are to educate professionals
to provide culturally sensitive
care and to enhance the representation
of minorities, including men, in
nursing. This representation needs to
take place at all levels of the professions,
from novice to seasoned practitioner/leader.
meet the need, and basic education
w o n ’t be enough. This is a frightening
and very serious situation, and I agre e
with Joyce Thompson: it comes back
to imaging and marketing.
Another question: who is going to
teach this next generation? The
retirements also will leave nursing
faculties depleted. How quickly can
we get people through the PhD program
to replenish the faculty?
Norma Lang: I suggest that students
need to enter and graduate from doctoral
programs at a much younger
age. This will add to the faculty
finances for the important work
nurses undertake. In the past, our
health system has placed much more
emphasis on funding biomedical
interventions, which produce highly
visible and dramatic results. The
benefits of health promotion might
not become clear for 20 years; promotion
just doesn’t get the same
public priority, the same financial
support as biomedical interventions.
We need to educate students about
that. They need to lobby to focus
national attention on health promotion,
and they need to understand
what society will finance to keep
14 P e n n N u r s i n g

them from becoming frustrated.
The same situation exists in caring
for vulnerable populations. We teach
— very well — the skills needed, but
the graduates soon discover few systems
exist to pay for the care.
Both situations boil down to one
fact: nurses most often are invisible
in the medical payment system and
public policy. The public talks about
“the” hospital, “the” home-care program,
“the” nursing home, and “the”
physician. These are understood to
be fiscal units in care. Nurses are part
of these units, not recognized for
Maureen McCausland: I am also conc
e rned about not talking in any major
way about training tomorro w ’s clinical
managers and nurse executives.
For a long time, conventional wisdom
identified the MBA as the degre e
managers and executives needed. We
now know graduates need more .
Graduates need a skill set and knowledge
base to lead a professional discipline
that they might not learn in an
operations re s e a rch course examining
an industrial model. While re s e a rc h-
ing the education of nurse executives,
I recently interviewed a well-known
Norma Lang: The auto industry found
itself in a similar situation. For a long
time business and marketing people
received top priority in hiring and
everyone suddenly forgot that engineers
design the cars, that cars are a
piece of transportation, that the engineering
discipline makes substantive
additions. At the end of the day we
need both, and our profession now
knows this. A conference the
University of Pennsylvania School of
Nursing and the Health System
sponsored in June attracted 150 nurse
executives — 50 percent more than we
expected. Nurse leaders are hungry
for presentations on evidence-based
nursing, not only in clinical practice
but in nursing management practice.
Joyce Thompson: We need to change
our teaching methods in other ways
Maureen McCausland,
DNSc, FAAN, RN
their unique contribution to health.
If our work were understood better
by the policy makers and the physicians,
if they grasped the separate but
equally important roles we play, public
policy would be better informed
and collaboration would follow.
Joyce Thompson: Part of our educational
program has to be an understanding
of federal, state, and local
policy decisions that affect the socially
vulnerable and health care in general.
This means what happens on the
overt level in Washington as well as
lobbying efforts by groups such as
AARP, groups that exert tremendous
power. Our doctoral programs need
to give students the leadership skills
to serve in the House and Senate to
help shape our nation’s health-care
policies. This is essential to nursing,
as essential as being at the bedside.
That is the leadership focus for Penn
Nursing.
CEO who leads a large health maintenance
organization. “Now
M a u reen,” he said, “what we don’t
need is one more bean counter. Send
me a clinical leader who understands
e p i d e m i o l o g y, who understands what
patients and systems need.”
Just as the country needs nurse faculty
preparation, it also needs nursing
doctorates for executive practice
in health policy at the national level
in academic health systems. To meet
this need, nursing schools may need
to provide a series of well-orchestrated
experiences that complement the
classroom, instead of traditional
course work.
“The need for baccalaureate
nurses is becoming
more critical every day.
The shortage we are
facing is different from
any of the others in
the past.”
— MA U R E E N MCCA U S L A N D
F a l l 1 9 9 9 15

“ To move nursing
f o rward, we need to
present ourselves
as partners with
people from the
beginning of their
lives until the end.”
— JOYC E TH O M P S O N
envelope to get out of traditional ruts
and modes of teaching is vital.
Linda Brown: I believe our universities
should be a place where students are
able to push the boundaries of their
abilities. At times, educators may
take a minimalist approach to what
students “should learn.” As nurse
educators, we have a responsibility to
guide students to the edge of their
boundaries and beyond. Naturally,
this boundary will be different for
each student, and, consequently,
courses and programs need to plan
creatively for this individuality. In an
undergraduate program, the opportunity
for faculty to provide outstanding
learning opportunities is enormous
by virtue of the length of time
a student is in course work. Students
should be able to come away with a
generalist foundation but have several
opportunities to obtain depth in
disciplines to give students valuable
skills unattainable in just one area.
Graduates of the joint program
between Wharton and Nursing will
leave with a knowledge of clinical
practice and the management of
health care. The graduates of the
Nursing/Engineering program will
bring technology and health care
together. And moving to our new
program with the Annenberg School
of Communication, we know that
mass communication has the greatest
possibility — whether it is television
or newspaper or the Internet — for
teaching people about health by sharing
information and decision-making
with the public. The synergy in these
joint programs will enhance the other
disciplines as well as nursing.
It is very exciting to talk about
nursing to potential students, to tell
them the profession will allow them
to combine several careers, from
Joyce E. Thompson,
DrPH, CNM, FAAN, RN
as well. I look at my own nieces and
grandsons and their facility with the
Web and technology and I see how
dramatically different are the ways
people learn. I’m not advocating as
an educator that we move to the 45-
second sound bite, but I do believe
the concept of adult education needs
to permeate everything we do.
Instead of the traditional lecture,
many students today are saying, “Tell
me what I can learn with my hands;
tell me what pieces of the puzzle this
particular course fills.” We also need
to clearly define where faculty members
need to interact with students to
give form to the facts. Pushing the
specific areas of interest. For students
to have the opportunity to work,
travel, publish, and speak with faculty
while developing these specific
areas of interest is essential and perhaps
the most important role that
faculty can play for students.
Norma Lang: That’s one of the advantages
of having the environment that
we do at Penn, where all kinds of
disciplines exist and the students
have the opportunity to learn and
live with students from other disciplines.
Our new joint-degree curricula
integrate nursing with other
highly intensive care in an academic
center to marketing the newest pharmaceuticals
or running their own
home-care companies. There’s such
potential out there and much for us
in academic leadership to do to
ensure that potential is reached. ■
16 P e n n N u r s i n g

Using Outcomes Research in
Executive Health–Care Management:
Penn Conference Att racts
150 Nurse Le a d e r s
e need new and substantive
“Weducation programs for nurse
executives,” said Maureen McCausland,
DNSc, FAAN, RN. “Health-care leadership
must come from the core of our profession —
real knowledge about what makes the
difference in healthy outcomes.”
McCausland served on the executive panel
of Penn’s inaugural Invitational Conference for
Nurse Executives. The conference, June 9
through June 11, was sponsored by the
School of Nursing and the University of
Pennsylvania Health System. For three days,
Philadelphia’s Ritz-Carlton Hotel served as
home for 150 participants.
Linda Aiken, PhD, FAAN, FRCN, RN, director
of the Center for Health Outcomes and Policy
Research, presented her outcomes research
on patient morbidity/mortality and nursing
staffing models.
“Opinion surveys show the public trust in
hospitals is eroding,” Aiken said in a summary
of her research. “Likewise, surveys of nurses
consistently show widespread concerns
among caregivers that patients’ safety and
well-being are at risk, and nurses are concerned
that quality of inpatient hospital care
is eroding.”
To combat the problem, Aiken recommends
that more hospitals apply for magnet status
by the American Nurses’ Credentialing Center
as a way to better inform the public about differences
in nurse staffing and practice across
hospitals. Her study showed that the first
seven ANCC magnet hospitals had a higher
level of satisfaction among nurses, and the
hospitals’ environments were more conducive
to good patient outcomes.
“With more information, consumers can be
effective advocates for high-quality care,”
Aiken concluded.
The conference drew attendees from as far
away as Norway, Iceland, and Argentina.
“Partnerships in health-care services are
built on the foundations laid by this 1999 conference,”
said participant Katherine K. Kinsey,
(Nu’80, GNu’81, PhD’92). “I look forward to
the 2000 conference to further expand collaboration
and interdisciplinary expertise in nursing
education, practice, and research.”
Dates for 2000 already have been set: June
7 through June 9. For more information, call
215-898-4522. ■
15 0 Nurse Le a d e r s
F a l l 1 9 9 9 17

MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The innovations and research
at Penn’s School of Nursing
often lead to stories in the
media. Here is a sampling of
stories, followed by the media
outlets and dates:
When it comes to AIDS education, teaching
condom use is more effective than
telling children to “just say no,” according
to a community-based study of innercity
Philadelphia adolescents conducted
by L o retta Sweet Jemmott, PhD, FA A N ,
RN, (GNu’82, PhD’87) a Penn Nursing
School pro f e s s o r.
The study of 659 sixth- and seventhgraders
randomly divided the youth into
t h ree groups, with each getting eight
hours of health education. One gro u p
focused on abstinence, one on “safer
sex,” or condom use, and the third, a cont
rol group, learned about avoiding nonsexual
diseases.
T h ree months later the abstinence
g roup was less likely to re p o rt having had
sex recently compared with the contro l
g roup, but there were no diff e re n c e s
between these two groups six months or
12 months after the program. The safer
An Ounce of Prevention
sex group re p o rted more frequent condom
use than did the control gro u p
t h roughout the follow-up period.
“If the goal is reduction of unpro t e c t e d
sexual intercourse, the safer-sex strategy
may hold the more promise, part i c u l a r l y
with those adolescents who are alre a d y
sexually experienced,” the re s e a rc h e r s
w rote in the Journal of the American
Medical Association.
Another statistic raised by the study
dramatically demonstrates the need for
such education: Although the childre n ’s
average age was just 12, at least a quart e r
of them said they were no longer virgins.“It
shows that young people are sexually
active, and if we ignore the data,
then we’re going to be in trouble,” said
J e m m o t t .
— CNN, The Associated Press, the
Philadelphia Daily News, The Chicago
Tribune, and The Philadelphia Inquire r.
R e p o rts began May 20, 1999.
WANTED: NURSES WITH ADVANCED DEGREES
The displacement of nurses by hospital cutbacks in the past
decade is expected to lead to a shortage of skilled nurses in
the future, according to a study by the American
Association of Colleges of Nursing.
Nationwide, enrollments in baccalaureate nursing programs
are down 5.5 percent, while post-graduate enro l l-
ments are down 2.1 percent, the study re p o rts.
“I have heard from prospective students and their parents
... that managed care is pushing patients out of the
hospital more quickly and there will be less need for nurses,
but the fact is there will be even a greater need for expert
nurses,” said Marian Matez (CW’57), assistant dean for
u n d e rgraduate admissions at Penn Nursing.
I n years past, re c ruitment drives filled nursing schools
with students unable to find jobs when hospital cutbacks
began. However, managed care has contributed to a gre a t e r
need for nurses with post-graduate education who can off e r
specialized care to patients with complex conditions.
“All the studies you can find indicate the demand for
nursing at the baccalaureate, master’s, doctoral, and postdoctoral
levels over the next decade is going to be tre m e n-
dous,” said Dean Norma Lang, PhD, FAAN, FRCN, RN.
— Philadelphia Business Journal, May 10, 1999.
18 P e n n N u r s i n g

NURSES SEEK MORE FREEDOM IN PRESCRIBING MEDICAT I O N S
If all goes according to M e l i n d a
J e n k i n s’ plan, advanced practice nurses
in Pennsylvania will end a 20-year- o l d
dispute by winning the freedom to
p rescribe medicine without a doctor’s
a p p roval.
Jenkins, PhD, RN, CS, (PhD’93) an
assistant professor at the School of
Nursing, is coordinating a lobbying
e ff o rt by the Alliance of Advanced
Practice Nurses with Sister Te re s i t a
Hinnegan, lecturer in the Nurse-
M i d w i f e ry Pro g r a m .
“ We need more providers out
t h e re,” Jenkins said. “It’s not a question
of being qualified to do bone marrow
transplants. We ’ re at the front end
of the health-care system,” she said.
The advanced practice nurses want
P e n n s y l v a n i a ’s General Assembly to
place them under the exclusive contro l
of the state Board of Nursing, which
now shares re g u l a t o ry supervision for
nurse practitioners with the physiciandominated
state Board of Medicine. If
the eff o rt succeeds, it will affect more
A year ago last July,
C l i ff o rd Lynd, Sr., was hospitalized
with congestive
h e a rt failure. When he
re t u rned to the hospital in
S e p t e m b e r, so much fluid
had filled his lungs he
panted for breath. To d a y
he refinishes tables, fixes
lawn chairs, visits his re l a-
tives, and feels healthy.
Lynd credits his turna
round to a new study
conducted by M a ry
N a y l o r, PhD, FAAN, RN, at
the School of Nursing. The
p roject pairs seniors with
nurse practitioners who
monitor the patients’ care
during hospitalization,
then follow them home for
visits to monitor their
medicine, diet, exerc i s e ,
and general health. The
goal is to determine if
c a reful management of
the transition back to
home can help patients
recover better and pre v e n t
readmissions. Pre l i m i n a ry
results show it can.
A c c o rding to a re p o rt in
the Journal of the
American Medical Association,
the program has
helped many of the 363
patients treated so far
regain control of their lives
and avoid hospital re a d-
missions, and has saved
taxpayers $600,000 in
M e d i c a re costs.
“ M o re and more elders
a re being discharged fro m
the hospital with unresolved
health pro b l e m s ,
f o rcing the home-care end
to pick up more and more
acutely ill people,” Naylor
said.
than 6,000 advanced practice nurses in
the state. Nurse midwives have voted
to remain under the Board of
M e d i c i n e ’s jurisdiction for now.
Many nurse practitioners work in
a reas where doctors are sparse, fro m
rural counties to inner-city public
housing communities. Pennsylvania is
one of only four states that pro h i b i t
advanced practice nurses from writing
p re s c r i p t i o n s .
The Pennsylvania Medical Society
has opposed the bill, saying major diseases
could be misdiagnosed by nurse
practitioners.
“I question who would fight
expanding access to care,” Jenkins said.
“ T h e y ’ re creating fear and making it
seem dangerous that advanced practice
nurses are out there trying to do stuff
t h e y ’ re not qualified to do. Well, I
think it’s dangerous if we’re not out
t h e re, if you don’t have access to care
at that level.”
— The Associated Press, May 3, 1999.
Penn Program Helps Elders Stay Healthier
Christine Cassel, chairwoman
and professor of
geriatric medicine at the
Mount Sinai School of
Medicine in New York City,
said Naylor’s study illustrates
the importance of
transitional care.
“Older people have so
many complex issues.
They have multiple diseases.
They are on multiple
medications. It can be
h a rd for them to understand
what they are supposed
to do. Because they
a re going home sooner,
the family or situation at
home becomes almost an
extension of the hospital,”
Cassel said.
— The Washington Post,
The Philadelphia Inquire r.
R e p o rts began Febru a ry
17, 1999.
Baby’s Crying Makes
You Mad? It’s OK
Does little Johnny or Jennifer cry
for hours on end? Do you feel
guilty about resenting the baby’s
shrieks? Don’t worry, your feelings
are normal, according to
Barbara Medoff - C o o p e r, PhD,
C R N P, FAAN, RN, director of nursing
re s e a rch at Penn.
“ You might feel that for every o n e
else it looks easy and for you it’s
h a rd work,” she said. “That’s OK,
but now you have to find ways to
move forw a rd and have a positive
relationship with this child.”
The average baby cries about 90
minutes a day. Problem childre n
can cry up to eight hours a day,
maddening for even the most
devoted parents.
Two general reasons for the crying
exist: just plain crankiness and
colic, an unexplained affliction that
appears for hours in the evening
and then vanishes at about 4
months.
“The bottom line is you re a l l y
c a n ’t decrease the crying of colic,”
M e d o ff-Cooper said. “And you
really don’t make fussy kids get
s w e e t e r. It’s a matter of teaching
p a rents how to cope.”
Doctors really don’t know what
causes colic, but a theory gaining
acceptance blames the crying on
overstimulation. Parents often try
to calm babies by rocking them,
swinging them, and even taking
them for a car ride. The eff o rts work
on some babies but will only make
an overstimulated child cry hard e r.
“What many parents are afraid
to do, but may actually work, is to
put the baby in the crib, turn out
the lights, and leave for ten minutes,”
said Michael Sonenblum,
MD, at Westside Pediatrics in Boca
Raton, Florida.
If all else fails, Medoff - C o o p e r
said, parents must find ways to get
away briefly to stay sane. “It’s a
matter of learning to live with that
child and to understand him,”
she said.
— Houston Chronicle, The Dallas
M o rning News, Orlando Sentinel,
The San Diego Union-Tribune,
and the Sun-Sentinel in Fort
L a u d e rdale, Florida. Reports began
F e b ru a ry 7, 1999.
F a l l 1 9 9 9 19

Alumni Pe r s p e c t i v e s
P h i l a n t h r o py
at Wo r k
Ten years ago, a chance encounter
between Rita Hillman and Penn
faculty member Ellen Baer, PhD,
FAAN, RN, (HNu’95) opened a
new era in nursing that has touched
the lives of scores of nurses and
thousands of patients.
The conversation with Baer, then an
associate pro f e s s o r, centered on the
need to improve nursing in New Yo r k
City and led to an innovative financial
aid and nursing leadership program at
Penn. In the process, Mrs. Hillman
and the Alex Hillman Family
Foundation set a re c o rd for financial
s u p p o rt for nursing education, cre a t e d
an active alumni network, and
i n s p i red a generation of nurses.
Many ideas were discussed before
the Hillman/Penn Scholars Pro g r a m
was born. Claire Fagin, PhD, FA A N ,
RN, then dean of the School, Baer,
and the foundation considered cre a t-
ing a special pre-nursing pro g r a m ,
countering the inaccurate and discouraging
media images of nurses, building
the endowment, and providing scholarships.
The foundation chose to provide
financial aid to students willing to
work in New York after graduating.
The Hillman/Penn Program began
with eight undergraduates in their
junior and senior years and grew into
a program that re c ruits freshman and
extends to master’s students. During
the 1999-2000 school year, the program
is helping 15 freshmen, 13
s o p h o m o res, 10 juniors, 12 seniors,
and five master’s students pursue their
nursing educations.
Hillman/Penn Scholars are selected
based on merit, need, and the willingness
to work in New York. Under the
leadership of Mary Naylor, PhD,
FAAN, RN, who holds the Ralston
House Endowed Te rm Chair in
G e rontologic Nursing, underg r a d u a t e
students complete their senior clinical
experience in New York at New Yo r k
P resbyterian Hospital or New Yo r k
University Medical Center, and graduate
students complete their clinicals
in various New York settings.
During a formal evaluation in 1998,
Penn discovered unanticipated
benefits from the Hillman/Penn
P rogram, particularly in light of challenges
the dramatic changes in health
c a re created during the past decade.
A c c o rding to the surv e y, Hillman
p rogram graduates were more likely
than their peers to pursue furt h e r
education soon after graduation and
Top: Ellen Baer and
Rita Hillman celebrate
their selection as
honorary Penn nurses
with Penn/Hillman
alumni.
Bottom: Mary Naylor,
Mrs. Hillman, and
Claire Fagin at the
annual Penn/Hillman
reception.
to feel satisfied with their first nursing
jobs. The vast majority — 85
p e rcent — said they influenced the
quality of bedside nursing while in
New York, citing initiatives that
included designing patient teaching
and assessment tools, improving
documentation, and advocating for
patients and their families.
The 125 alumni will have completed
106 work years in New York by the
end of 2000. Many built on the skills
they developed at Penn with post-
20 P e n n N u r s i n g

graduate work in their first six years
after graduation. Of the baccalaure a t e
alumni, 60 percent earned a master’s
d e g ree or were working toward it.
Almost a third of the master’s students
were enrolled or had completed
f u rther postgraduate education.
Even after completing their twoyear
commitment, 59 percent of the
graduates remained in New Yo r k .
Nearly twice as many of Hillman
b a c c a l a u reate alumni than nurses in
general re p o rted being very satisfied
Exemplary
bedside nursing
is the heart of
the Penn/Hillman
Program.
Thanking
Mrs. Hillman in
New York, the
Class of 1999
“ R I TA H I L L M A N ,
Y O U H AV E W R I T T E N
A N E W C H A P T E R
I N N U R S I N G H I S T O R Y. ”
– Beverly Malone,
p resident of the
American Nurses Association
with their initial jobs, 62 percent comp
a red with 36 percent, an unexpected
outcome of the unique part n e r s h i p
p rovided by Dr. Marg a ret McClure
and her colleagues at NYU Medical
Center and Doris Glick and her staff
at New York Presbyterian Hospital.
The Hillman/Penn Program has
influenced the career goals of its graduates,
with one saying it “re i n f o rced a
s t a n d a rd of excellence that led to high
expectations of myself and my fellow
employees” and another saying it
“helped me see beyond the narro w
focus of a new graduate.”
The program will extend until at
least 2004. As Beverly Mallone, the
p resident of the American Nurses
Association, said at a reception in
1998, “Rita Hillman, you have written
a new chapter in nursing history. ”■
At graduation, the Class of 1998
F a l l 1 9 9 9 21

Corporate Partnerships
Genesis Health Ventures and Penn Nursing:
A Unique Ve n t u re
A heath-care network
and Penn Nursing have
f o rmed a unique part n e r s h i p
that goes far beyond the
traditional corporate/academic
partnerships.
Penn Nursing’s association with
Genesis Health Ve n t u res started in
1993 when the organization began
u n d e rwriting Penn scholarships for
g r a d u a t e - d e g ree nurse practitioners. It
g rew last year when Genesis Health
Ve n t u res financed the development of
a shared re s e a rch agenda with the
Center for Gerontologic Nursing
Science. A joint $450,000 grant fro m
The Robert Wood Johnson
Foundation to develop and evaluate a
p rogram of palliative care in nursing
homes underscored its import a n c e
later in the year.
“This is an exciting model of partnership
between a publicly traded
corporation and a highly re s p e c t e d
academic institution,” said Ira Byock,
MD, director of Pro m o t i n g
Excellence in End-of-Life Care ,
Howard Tuch and Neville Strumpf are creating
new ground for collaboration.
a national program supported by
RWJ. “This forw a rd-thinking pro j e c t
holds the potential to change the
quality of health care for patients and
for all of long-term care.”
Genesis Health Ve n t u res, the
n a t i o n ’s third - l a rgest long-term care
p ro v i d e r, develops and manages
h e a l t h - c a re networks for the elderly
in the eastern United States. Genesis’
E l d e r C a re network offers a continuum
of care to meet the changing
needs of aging patients through
health centers, home-care programs,
outpatient clinics, and managed life
c a re communities.
Promoting excellence in
elderly care
The grant from the RWJ Foundation
to study palliative care came as part of
its $9.1 million program Pro m o t i n g
Excellence in End-of-Life Care ,
which was designed to foster longt
e rm changes in health-care institutions.
Only 21 projects from 678
submitted won funding, and Penn was
the only nursing school selected.
Neville Strumpf, PhD, FAAN, RN,
p rofessor of nursing and
d i rector of Penn’s Adult-
G e rontological Nurse
Practitioner Program and
the Center for
G e rontologic Nursing
Science, will oversee the
study at Penn. The cod
i rector on the project is
H o w a rd Tuch, MD, dire c-
tor of palliative care services
at Genesis ElderCare.
“Nearly 20 percent of
American deaths occur in
nursing homes, and we
know very little about
“ Penn’s nurse
practitioners are
the best thing
that ever
happened to us.”
PA U L T. CA S S, MD,
Genesis Health Ve n t u re s .
these deaths,” Strumpf said. “The goal
of the Penn-Genesis project is to further
our understanding of how people
die in nursing homes, to improve the
c u l t u re of care for the dying, and to
evaluate the benefit of intro d u c i n g
palliative care programs for nursing
home residents and their families.”
“The study will help the nursing
home industry develop a compre h e n-
sive approach to understanding and
managing the needs of the dying,”
Tuch said. “Our program addre s s e s
the needs of health professionals as
well as patients. There is very little ritual
surrounding the death and dying
p rocess in our centers. Ritual is necess
a ry to acknowledge and assist the
grieving process of the care g i v e r. It
not only demonstrates the import a n c e
of the deceased, but also re i n f o rces the
value of the caregiver and the quality
of care that they provide.”
Advancing evidence-based
nursing home care
Genesis decided last year to invest
in re s e a rch through Penn. With a
grant to the School’s Center for
22 P e n n N u r s i n g

PhD Graduates 8 / 9 8 - 8 / 9 9
G e rontologic Nursing Science,
Genesis is supporting studies
involving clinical issues import a n t
to gerontologic nursing. Elizabeth
Capezuti, PhD, RN, (PhD’95)
began re s e a rching impro v e m e n t s
for nighttime care of nursing home
residents. The grant also is supporting
the re s e a rch program of student
Shan Wei Ko, who is developing a
p roject to look at pain in cognitively
impaired older adults.
Investing in nursing education
and practice
Genesis first turned to Penn in
1993, when the network start e d
developing subacute care units to
meet the more complex medical
and rehabilitative needs of elders
d i s c h a rged from hospitals while
needing further intensive medical
and nursing therapies before
re t u rning to the community.
Sandra Crandall, (Nu’71, GNu’75)
a consultant on nursing workforc e
issues, encouraged Genesis
P resident Richard R. Howard to
re c ruit gerontological nurse practitioners
from Penn.
Working with Strumpf, Howard
established the Genesis Scholars
P rogram. The program has supp
o rted the education of up to two
students each year enrolled in the
g e rontology or gero p s y c h i a t r i c
m a s t e r’s programs. In re t u rn, the
scholars commit to work for
Genesis for two years. Eleven
students have participated in the
p rogram.
“ P e n n ’s nurse practitioners are
the best thing that ever happened
to us,” said Paul T. Cass, MD, of
Genesis. ■
Penn Nursing’s PhD program prep
a res students to comprehend the
t h e o retical foundations of nursing science;
apply the techniques and tools
of scholarly investigation; become
intellectually expert in a specialty and
understand how that knowledge
applies to all of nursing; and take the
lead in political, social, and ethical
issues in health care .
The strong re s e a rc h - f o c u s e d
a p p roach of the PhD program is supp
o rted by a broad, rich base of faculty
e x p e rtise. The depth of the knowledge
generated through collaborative re l a-
tionships between faculty and doctoral
students is reflected in the scholarly
i n t e rests of the individuals who
received doctoral degrees during the
1998-1999 academic year.
August 1998
Patricia Bradley (GNu’86)
Attributions, Worry, and Decision to Seek
Treatment: Pychosocial Adjustment of
African American Women to Breast Cancer
Committee Chair: Barbara Lowery,
EdD, FAAN, RN
Kathleen Brown (GNu’79)
Battered Women: The Process of
Leaving Abusive Relationships
Committee Chair: Ann Burgess,
DNSc, FAAN, RN
Mary Cooley (GNu’86, GNC’99)
Patterns of Symptoms Distress in Adults
Receiving Treatment for Lung Cancer
Committee Chair: Ruth McCorkle,
PhD, FAAN, RN
Mary Kathryn Knobf
Carrying On: A Substantive Theory About
Premature Menopause in Women with
Early Stage Breast Cancer
Committee Chair: Ruth McCorkle,
PhD, FAAN, RN
December 1998
Linda Echols (Nu’74, GNu’79, GNc’87)
Factors Related to the Recruitment and
Retention of Minority Students in Higher
Education: A Meta-Analysis
Committee Chair: Rosalyn Watts,
EdD, FAAN, RN
Cathy Hutto Rosenthal
Toddlers Responses to Parental Presence in
the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Committee Chair: Barbara Medoff-Cooper,
PhD, CRNP, FAAN, RN
Charlotte Thomas-Hawkins (GNu’85)
Correlates of Changes in Functional Status
in Chronic In-Center Hemodialysis
Patients
Committee Chair: Jacqueline Fawcett,
PhD, FAAN, RN
M ay 1999
Jacqueline McGrath (GNu’98)
The Relationship Between Behavioral
State and Sucking Indicators During
Nutritive Sucking
Committee Chair: Barbara Medoff-Cooper,
PhD, CRNP, FAAN, RN
August 1999
Deborah Bruner
Determination of Preferences and Utilities
for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Committee Chair: Ruth McCorkle,
PhD, FAAN, RN
Nancy Hodgson (GNu’88)
An Explanatory Model of Variables
Influencing the Quality of Life in Older
Adults with Cancer
Committee Chair: Neville Strumpf,
PhD, FAAN, RN
Anne Krouse (GNu’92)
The Family Management of Breastfeeding
Low Birth-Weight Infants
Committee Chair: Janet Deatrick,
PhD, FAAN, RN
Andrea Henriette Laizner
Family Functioning and Family Goals
when Mother has Breast Cancer
Committee Chair: Janet Deatrick,
PhD, FAAN, RN
Caroline MacMoran
Womens’ Experiences of Psychotherapy
with a Feminist-Oriented Female Therapist:
A Phenomenology
Committee Chair: Carol Germain,
EdD, FAAN, RN
F a l l 1 9 9 9 23

Faculty Honors 1 9 9 8 – 1 9 9 9
For their outstanding contributions
to nursing and health care and for
their leadership in nursing re s e a rc h ,
education, and practice, School of
Nursing faculty were honored by
their peers, their students, the healthc
a re community, their pro f e s s i o n a l
o rganizations, and academic institutions
across the nation. The following
is a selection of awards and honors
received by Penn Nursing faculty
this year.
Faculty Honors
Linda Aiken, PhD, FAAN, FRCN, RN,
Claire M. Fagin Leadership Professor of
Nursing and Sociology — Robert Wood
Johnson Foundation Investigator Award in
Health Policy Research; The Sigma Theta
Tau Award for Clinical Scholarship; Fellow
in the Royal College of Nursing;
Georgetown University Honorary
Doctorate; Member of the American
Academy of Sciences
Ann Burgess, DNSc, FAAN, RN, van
Ameringen Professor of Psychiatric
Nursing — 1999 Sigma Theta Tau Episteme
Award
Margaret Cotroneo, PhD, RN, Associate
Professor — Fulbright Fellowship; Fellow
in the American Family Therapy Academy;
University of Pennsylvania Community
Service Award
Janet Deatrick, PhD, FAAN, RN,
Associate Professor — University of Illinois
Alumni Association Achievement Award;
School of Nursing Doctoral Student Award;
Sigma Theta Tau International’s 2000-2001
Distinguished Lecturer
As a young nurse more than 30
years ago, Claire Fagin, PhD, FA A N ,
RN, set the tenor of her career with a
doctoral dissertation that led hospitals
t h roughout the country to change their
p ro c e d u res to benefit children and their
p a rents.
The joy of helping nurses serve our
n a t i o n ’s veterans guided Ve rnice D.
F e rguson, MA, FAAN, FRCN, RN,
(HNu’98) through her care e r, and
millions of men and women benefited
f rom her insight.
In recognition of the achievements
and advances to nursing made by
Fagin and Ferguson, the American
Academy of Nursing honored them as
“Living Legends.”
As the first child psychiatric nurse to
hold a doctorate degree, Fagin pro v e d
that hospitalized children gre a t l y
benefit by having their parents spend
the night with them.
Her influence on nursing and the
c o u n t ry ’s health care climbed when she
became dean of Penn Nursing in 1977,
t u rning the School into a top-ranking
re s e a rch center that now attracts the
highest level of federal re s e a rch dollars.
At Penn, she developed the Center
for Nursing Research and five of the
S c h o o l ’s seven re s e a rch centers. The
size of the School’s first-year class
tripled under Fagin’s leadership, and
the nursing graduate school trained
A m e r i can Aca d e m y
of Nursing Honors
“Living Le g e n d s ”
Claire Fagin, PhD, FAAN, RN and
Vernice D. Ferguson, MA,
FAAN, FRCN, RN, (HNu’98)
m o re master’s students than any other
in the nation. A doctor of philosophy
p rogram, an important goal of Fagin’s ,
was established in 1982.
Fagin, who re t i red as dean in 1991,
has received 10 honorary doctoral
d e g rees and numerous alumni, civic,
and professional awards. She has published
eight books and monographs
and more than 75 art i c l e s .
B e f o re retiring in 1992, Ferg u s o n
oversaw 60,000 nurses as assistant chief
medical director of nursing programs at
the Department of Veterans Affairs.
She also served as the chief nurse at
the re s e a rch-oriented Veterans Aff a i r s
Medical Center in Madison, Wi s c o n s i n ,
and led the prestigious Clinical Center
at the National Institutes of Health. She
s e rved as president of Sigma Theta Ta u
I n t e rnational and the Intern a t i o n a l
Society of Nurses in Cancer Care .
Her academic career included thre e
fellowships, one in physics at the
University of Maryland and another in
alcohol studies at Yale University, and
she was a scholar in residence at the
Catholic University of America.
The year after leaving govern m e n t
s e rvice, Ferguson joined Penn Nursing
as senior fellow holding the Fagin
Family Chair in Cultural Diversity. She
spent four years helping the faculty and
students to further their knowledge,
s e n s i t i v i t y, and leadership in cultural
d i v e r s i t y. She also advised the School
on its goals of re c ruiting and re t a i n i n g
minority students and faculty.
F e rguson spent nine weeks in South
Africa during 1995 as a visiting associate
professor in nursing science at the
University of the North West.
F e rguson has received seven hono
r a ry degrees and numerous pro f e s-
sional awards. In Britain, she became
only the second American ever named
a fellow of the Royal College of
Nursing. She also was the first nurse to
receive the Catholic University of
A m e r i c a ’s citation for community service
and education.
24 P e n n N u r s i n g

Julie Fairman, PhD, FAAN, RN, Assistant
Professor — University of Virginia School
of Nursing Center for Historical Inquiry
Research Fellowship; American Association
of History of Nursing Lavinia Dock
Award; Fellow in the American Academy
of Nursing
Jacqueline Fawcett, PhD, FAAN, RN,
Emeritus Professor — School of Nursing
Doctoral Student Organization Award
Carol Germain, EdD, FAAN, RN,
Associate Professor — School of Nursing
Doctoral Student Organization Award
Loretta Sweet Jemmott, PhD, FAAN,
RN, Associate Professor — Eastern Medical
Society of Pennsylvania Community
Service Award
Melinda Jenkins, PhD, RN, Assistant
Professor — Pennsylvania State
Nurses Association Mary Ann Arty
Legislative Award
Mary Ann Lafferty Della-Valle, Adjunct
Professor of Nursing — Career Award for
Excellence in Science Teaching, School of
Nursing
Terri Lipman, PhD, CRNP, RN, Assistant
Professor — Temple University College of
Allied Health Professions Alumni Award
Joan Lynaugh, PhD, FAAN, RN, Term
Professor of Nursing and Health Care
History, Emeritus Professor — American
Association of History of Nursing Lavinia
Dock Award
Zoriana Malseed, PhD, Associate Professor
— Who’s Who Among America’s
Teachers, 1998
Kathleen McCauley, PhD, FAAN, RN,
Associate Professor — Fellow in the
Council on Cardiovascular Nursing,
American Heart Association
Maureen McCausland, DNSc, FAAN,
RN, Professor — Appointment to the
national University Health Systems
Consortium CNO Steering Committee
Ruth McCorkle, PhD, FAAN, RN,
Emeritus Professor — School of Nursing
Doctoral Student Organization Award
Eileen Sullivan Marx, PhD, CRNP,
FAAN, RN — Springer Publishing
Company Research Award
Wanda Mohr, PhD, FAAN, RN, Assistant
P rofessor — University of Te x a s
Distinguished Alumna Aw a rd; Association
of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nurses
Advocacy and Service Aw a rd; Intern a t i o n a l
Society of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurses
P re s i d e n t ’s Leadership Aw a rd; Fellow in the
American Academy of Nursing
Ann O’Sullivan, PhD, FAAN, RN,
Associate Professor — Robert Wood
Johnson Executive Nurse Fellow; National
Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates
and Practitioners Distinguished Member
Award; American Nurses Association
Practice Award
Freida Outlaw, DNSc, RN, CS, Assistant
Professor — Board of the Pennsylvania
State Nurses Association
Julie Sochalski, PhD, FAAN, RN,
Assistant Professor — Fellow in the
American Academy of Nursing; The Sigma
Theta Tau Award for Clinical Scholarship
Diane Spatz, PhD, RN, Assistant Professor
— Phi Sigma Sigma Foundation Trustee;
School of Nursing Undergraduate Advisors
Award; Sigma Theta Tau Distinguished
Lecturer, Phi Sigma Sigma Outstanding
Alumnae Advisor Award, Phi Sigma Sigma
Outstanding Alumnae Archon (President)
Award
Joyce Thompson, DrPH, CNM, FAAN,
RN, Professor — Director of the
International Confederation of Midwives
Antonia Villarruel, PhD, FAAN, RN,
Assistant Professor — School of Nursing
Faculty Teaching Award; MANA de
Michigan Adelitas Award; State of Michigan
Governors Commendation; City Council of
Detroit Spirit of Detroit Award; National
Association of Hispanic Nurses Ildaura
Murillo-Rohde Award for Educational
Excellence
Ruth York, PhD, FAAN, RN, Associate
Professor — Lady Davis Visiting
Professorship
In addition, the School of Nursingwas rec -
ognized with a variety of awards including:
School of Nursing: Primary Care Family
Nurse Practitioner Program; National
Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties
1999 Outstanding Faculty Practice Award;
Sigma Theta Tau International, Honor
Society of Nursing Region 6 Media Award;
Penn Nursing Network 1998 Health Care
Heroes Award Runner-up; AACN/Hartford
Institute for Geriatric Nursing Award for
Exceptional Curriculum in Gerontologic
Nursing Honorable Mention; SmithKline
Beecham IMPACT Award for the CARE
Program; and UPHS received the Sigma
Theta Tau Region 6 Research Utilization
Award ■
F a l l 1 9 9 9 25

Faculty Research 1 9 9 8 - 1 9 9 9
At the School of Nursing, education,
re s e a rch, and clinical practice
a re fully integrated to advance nursing
and health-care knowledge. With public
and private funding, Penn Nursing
faculty and students are involved in
leading-edge studies focusing on clinical
services, health services, community
and urban health-care delivery,
patient outcomes, health policy, nursing
education, history, and health care .
The accompanying list of re s e a rc h
p rojects illustrates the range of scholarly
inquiries conducted by Penn
Nursing standing faculty, individually
and in collaboration with nurses and
m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a ry investigators here at
Penn and at other institutions
t h roughout the country. While listings
a re limited to funded projects involving
standing faculty members as principal
or coinvestigators, an equally
i m p ressive list exists of re s e a rch projects
currently being conducted by
other members of the Penn Nursing
faculty and graduate and underg r a d u-
ate students. ■
Foundational Sciences and
Health Systems
Advanced training in nursing outcomes
research
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1999-2004)
Principal investigator: Linda Aiken;
coinvestigators: Loretta Sweet Jemmott,
Julie Sochalski
Alzheimer's disease patients and their care -
givers: a pilot study
Frank Morgan Jones Fund (1997-1999)
Principal investigator: Mary Naylor
An analysis of injuries and their outcomes in
the elderly population in the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania
Frank Morgan Jones Fund (1999)
Principal investigator: Therese Richmond
Nursing Research Central to
Penn’s New AIDS Center
urses are an extremely important integrating force in AIDS re s e a rc h
“N and care,” Linda Aiken, PhD, FAAN, FRCN, RN, said. “They have a
b road span of interest and expertise in the study of AIDS prevention and care.”
It follows that the School of Nursing is leading the Behavioral and Social
S e rvices Program of Penn’s new Center for AIDS Research, which the National
Institutes of Health recently funded with a $1.5 million grant. The primary
focus of the Center is to advance understanding of AIDS prevention.
P e n n ’s five-year NIH grant will finance re s e a rch across multiple scientific
disciplines at the University to “build infrastru c t u re that enables us to extend
Penn Nursing’s leading AIDS researchers,
Linda Aiken and Loretta Sweet Jemmott
the science that we alre a d y
have under way on AIDS care
and prevention,” said Aiken,
d i rector of the program in the
behavioral and social scie
n c e s .
“ We are organizing the
immense scientific capacity
of this University in the
behavioral and social sciences
and targeting it toward
existing and new grant initiatives
to improve the science
of AIDS prevention and
c a re,” Aiken said.
The Center for AIDS Research is the only one in the country to include nursing
as a central component. Research includes the design and evaluation of
behavioral HIV/AIDS risk-reduction programs, studies of the effectiveness of
the organization of services for people with AIDS, and the evaluation of clinical
intervention to enhance symptom control and delay disease pro g re s s i o n
t h rough better drug use compliance. ■
Barriers to advanced practice nursing
Pew Charitable Trusts (1995-1998)
Principal investigator: Linda Aiken;
coinvestigator: Julie Sochalski
Center for AIDS Research
National Institutes of Health (1999-2004)
Principal investigator: James Hoxie;
coinvestigator: Linda Aiken
Central mechanisms of defective
glucoregulation after hypoglycemia
University of Pennsylvania Research
Foundation (1998-1999)
Principal investigator: Nancy Tkacs
Daytime sleepiness and function on continuous
positive airway pressure therapy for apnea.
Special Center of Research for
Cardiopulmonary Disorder of Sleep —
Project 06 (Allan I. Pack, PI)
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
(1996-2000)
Principal investigator: David F. Dinges;
coinvestigator: Terri Weaver
Defective glucoregulation after hypoglycemia
Bonan Family Ltd Partnership
Principal investigator: Nancy Tkacs
Development of an academic corporate
research partnership
Genesis Health Ventures (1998-1999)
Principal investigator: Neville Strumpf;
coinvestigators: Lois Evans, Mary Naylor
Epidemiology of early central nervous system
injury and psychopathology at 13
National Institute of Mental Health
(1999-2004)
Principal investigator: Agnes Whitaker;
coinvestigator: Jennifer Pinto-Martin
Establishing a research agenda for the
LIFE Program
The Presbyterian Foundation for
Philadelphia (1998 and 1999)
Principal investigator: Mary Naylor;
coinvestigator: Karen Buhler-Wilkerson
26 P e n n N u r s i n g

An exploratory study of the prevalence and risk
factors for depressive symptoms in older poor
urban African American users of
community-based health care
University of Pennsylvania Research
Foundation (1999)
Principal investigator: Lenore Kurlowicz;
coinvestigator: Freida Outlaw
Fellowship in clinical qualitative gero-oncology
nursing research
Oncology Nursing Foundation/
Hoechst-Marion Roussel (1996-1999)
Principal investigator: Sarah Kagan;
coinvestigators: Lois Evans, Mary Naylor
Gender differences in patterns of chronic
anginal pain
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1997-2002)
Principal investigator: Deborah McGuire
Health related quality of life for frail elders
Presbyterian Foundation for Philadelphia
(1999-2000)
Principal investigator: Mary Naylor;
coinvestigator: Kathy Bowles
Health workforce policy research
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
(1998-2000)
Principal investigator: Linda Aiken
Home follow-up of elderly patients with
heart failure
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1996-2000)
Principal investigator: Mary Naylor;
coinvestigators: Kathleen McCauley,
Barbara Jacobsen
Hospital restructuring's impact on outcomes
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1996-1999)
Principal investigator: Margaret Sovie;
coinvestigators: Linda Aiken, Louanne
Stratton
Hospital restructuring: implications for patient
outcomes and workforce policy
Robert Wood Johnson Investigator Award
in Health Policy Research
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
(1999-2001)
Principal investigator: Linda Aiken;
coinvestigator: Julie Sochalski
Impact of geriatric rehabilitation for frail elders
National Institute on Aging (1999-2000)
Principal Investigator: Julie Sochalski
Improving family care outcomes
Southeastern Pennsylvania Chapter of the
American Association of Critical Care
Nurses (1997-1999)
Principal investigator: Kathleen McCauley;
coinvestigators: Louanne Stratton, Audrey
Gift, Joan Burritt
Integrating Neuman systems model-based
research
Xi Chapter, Sigma Theta Tau, University of
Pennsylvania (1995-1999)
Principal investigator: Jacqueline Fawcett
Maintaining restraint reduction in nursing
homes
National Institute on Aging (1994-1999)
Principal investigator: Neville Strumpf;
coinvestigator: Lois Evans
Management of excessive daytime sleepiness in
narcolepsy
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1997-2002)
Principal investigator: Ann Rogers
Medical professionals as advocates program to
reduce firearm injuries in small and medium
sized cities
Joyce Foundation (1998-2001);
American Trauma Society (1998-1999);
Payne Foundation (1999-2002)
Principal investigator: C. William Schwab;
coinvestigator: Therese Richmond
The movement towards clinically-focused nurs -
ing education: the Dorothy Smith papers
Claire M. Fagin Leadership Chair
Fellowship (1998-1999)
Principal investigator: Julie Fairman
Multidimensional objective pain assessment in
hospice
Oncology Nursing Foundation (1999)
Principal investigator: Deborah McGuire
Multisite study of the outcomes of CPAP use
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
(1996-2000); DeVilbiss Health Care, Inc.
(1996-2000); Healthydyne Technologies;
Nellcor Puritan Bennett, Inc.;
Respironics, Inc.
Principal investigator: Terri Weaver
Neonatal brain injury and school performance
National Institutes of Health (1993-1998)
Principal investigator: Jennifer Pinto-
Martin
North American growth in cerebral palsy
project
Genentech Foundation (1997-1999)
Principal investigator: Richard Stevenson;
coinvestigator: Ellen Fung
Nurse practice functions, patient problems, and
outcomes
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1994-1999)
Principal investigator: Dorothy Brooten;
coinvestigators: Mary Naylor, Janet
Deatrick, Ruth York
Nursing interventions for acute oral pain and
mucositis
Oncology Nursing Foundation (1996-1999)
Principal investigator: Deborah McGuire;
coinvestigator: Arlene Houldin
Nursing research training: psychosocial
oncology
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1997-2002)
Principal investigator: Neville Strumpf;
coinvestigators: Loretta Sweet Jemmott,
Anne Keane, Deborah McGuire
Outcomes associated with treatment for
sleep apnea
American Sleep Disorders Association
(1998- 2001)
Principal investigator: Terri Weaver
Outcomes of hospital dedicated AIDS units
Agency for Health Care Policy and
Research (1995-1998)
Principal investigator: Linda Aiken;
coinvestigator: Douglas Sloane
Outcomes of hospital restructuring in Alberta,
Canada
Alberta Heritage Foundation for
Medical Research (1997-2000)
Principal investigator: Phyllis Giovannetti;
coinvestigators: Linda Aiken,
Julie Sochalski
Outcomes of hospital restructuring in British
Columbia, Canada
British Columbia Health Research
Foundation (1999-2000)
Principal investigator: Arminee Kazanjian;
coinvestigators: Linda Aiken, Julie
S o c h a l s k i
Outcomes of hospital restructuring in England
Nuffield Hospital Trust (1997-2001)
Principal investigator: Anne Marie
Rafferty; coinvestigators: Linda Aiken,
Julie Sochalski
Outcomes of hospital staffing
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1997-2001)
Principal investigator: Linda Aiken;
coprincipal investigator: Julie Sochalski;
coinvestigator: Douglas Sloane
Outcomes of hospital staffing: German part of
a cross national study
German Federal Ministry of Education,
Science, Research, and Technology (1998-
1999)
Principal investigator: Reinhard Busse;
coinvestigators: Linda Aiken, Julie
Sochalski
Outcomes of inpatient AIDS care
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1996-1999)
Principal investigator: Linda Aiken;
coinvestigators: Douglas Sloane,
Julie Sochalski
Outcomes of a nurse-managed geriatric day
hospital
National Institute for Nursing Research
(1996-2000)
Principal investigator: Julie Sochalski
F a l l 1 9 9 9 27

Faculty Research 1 9 9 8 - 1 9 9 9
Patient outcomes of hospital restructuring
initiatives
The Baxter Foundation (1995-1998)
Principal investigator: Linda Aiken
Palliative care in nursing homes
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
(1998-2001)
Principal investigator: Neville Strumpf
Playing together nicely? Nurse-physician rela -
tionships from the vantage point of the nurse
practitioner movement, 1960-1980
University of Virginia School of Nursing –
Center for Nursing History (1999)
Principal investigator: Julie Fairman
Post-injury disability in elderly trauma patients
University Research Foundation (1999)
Principal investigator: Therese Richmond
Pressure ulcers in elderly emergency
department patients
National Institute on Aging (1998-2001)
Principal investigator: Mona Baumgarten;
coinvestigator: Sarah Kagan
Preventing falls and disability in inner-city
elderly
National Institute on Aging (1999-2002)
Principal investigator: Jeanne Anne Grisso;
coinvestigator: Neville Strumpf
Psychosocial interventions for fire survivors
Dean's Research Award (1997-1998)
Principal investigator: Anne Keane;
coinvestigator: Arlene Houldin
Risk factors for long-term post-injury disability
Delaware Valley Trauma Nurse Consortium
(1997-1999)
Principal investigator: Therese Richmond
The role of efficacy in the prediction of CPAP
adherence: special center for research for
SCOR in neurobiology of sleep and sleep apnea
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
(1993-1998)
Principal investigator: Terri Weaver
Structure and correlates of depression in a frail
nursing home population
Frank Morgan Jones Fund (1998-1999)
Principal Investigator: Lenore Kurlowicz;
coinvestigators: Lois Evans, Neville
Strumpf
Support for international conference on hospital
outcomes research
Commonwealth Fund, Agency for Health
Care Policy and Research (1998)
Principal investigator: Linda Aiken
Support to generate the proposal: response to
optimal versus sub-optimal CPAP treatment in
mild obstructive sleep apnea: a placebo-con -
trolled randomized clinical trial
Sleep Medicine Education and Research
Foundation (1999-2000)
Principal investigator: Terri Weaver
Special center of research for cardiopulmonary
disorders of sleep. Project 06: daytime sleepiness
and function on CPAP therapy for apnea
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
(1993-1998)
Principal investigator: David Dinges;
coinvestigator: Terri Weaver
Telephone support and education for adapta -
tion to breast cancer
American Cancer Society (1998-2000)
Principal investigator: Nelda Samarel;
coinvestigator: Lorraine Tulman
Theoretical interrelationships among gender,
age, and aesthetics in reconstructive surgery for
head and neck cancer
Frank Morgan Jones Fund (1998-1999)
Principal Investigator: Ara A. Chalian;
coinvestigator: Sarah Kagan
TRH and the prevention of chronic
lung disease
National Institutes of Health (1995-1998)
Principal investigator: Roberta Ballard;
coinvestigator: Jennifer Pinto-Martin
Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in
the elderly
National Institute on Aging (1999-2004)
Principal investigator: Allan Pack;
coinvestigator: Terri Weaver
Wandering: background and proximal factors
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1999-2004)
Principal investigator: Donna Algase;
coinvestigator: Ann Rogers
Health Promotion Across the Life Span
Abstinence v. safer sex: HIV risk reduction
strategies
National Institute of Mental Health (1999)
Principal investigator: John Jemmott, III;
coinvestigator: Loretta Sweet Jemmott
Administrative supplement to the breastfeeding
services grant
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1998-1999)
Principal investigator: Linda Brown
Africans helping Africans
The Rockefeller Foundation (1995-1998)
Principal investigator: Joyce Thompson;
coinvestigator: Rose Kershbaumer
A multicenter study to evaluate growth
monitoring in primary care practices
Genentech Foundation for Growth and
Development (1998-2001)
Principal investigator: Terri Lipman
Assessment of growth and endocrinology func -
tion in children who are HIV-infected or
exposed
Pediatric Endocrinology Nursing Society
(1999-2001)
Principal investigator: Terri Lipman;
coinvestigator: Janet Deatrick
A women's point of view: a self-help program
for women's cardiovascular health
Focus on Women's Health Research,
Aetna/U.S. Healthcare (1998-1999)
Principal investigators: Margaret
Cotroneo, Ruth York
Breastfeeding services for low birthweight
infants: outcomes and costs
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1995-2000)
Principal investigator: Linda Brown;
coinvestigators: Diane Spatz,
Lorraine Tulman
Breastfeeding services for low birthweight
infants: outcomes and costs
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1996-2000)
Principal investigator: Linda Brown;
coinvestigators: Janet Deatrick, Diane Spatz
Collaborative assessment and rehabilitation for
elders program: An innovative approach to
geriatric care
Pew Charitable Trusts (1997-2000)
Principal investigator: Lois Evans
Depression in African American users of
community-based health care services
University Research Foundation
(1999-2002)
Principal investigator: Freida Outlaw;
coinvestigator: Lenore Kurlowicz
Depression in female African American users of
primary care nursing services
P30 Grant (1999)
Principal investigator: Lenore Kurlowicz;
coinvestigators: Margaret Cotroneo,
Freida Outlaw
Designing HIV risk reduction interventions for
Latino youth
University of Pennsylvania Diversity
Research Grant (1998-1999)
Principal investigators: Antonia Villarruel,
Loretta Sweet Jemmott
Effect of APN intervention —- family
health-care use and cost
National Institute of Nursing Research
(2000-2005)
Principal investigator: Ruth York;
coinvestigators: Janet Deatrick, Lorraine
Tulman, Marilyn Stringer
The effect of birth weight on blood pressure in
late childhood
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
(1999-2001)
Principal investigator: Bonita Falkner;
coinvestigator: Barbara Medoff-Cooper
28 P e n n N u r s i n g

The effect of hypoglycemia on development in
children with congenital hyperinsulinism
Pediatric Endocrinology Nursing Society
(1999-2001)
Principal investigator: Linda Steinkrauss;
coinvestigator: Terri Lipman
Endless obligation: home care in America,
1880-1930
National Institutes of Health/National
Library of Medicine (1997-1998)
Principal investigator: Karen Buhler-
Wilkerson
Evidence-based practice models: shaping clinical
nursing education in the twenty-first century
Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation (1998-2001)
Principal investigator: Lois Evans
Factor structure of the Cornell depression scale
in a nursing home
Frank Morgan Jones Fund (1998)
Principal investigator: Lenore Kurlowicz
Family caregiving skill: measurement and
evaluation
National Institute for Nursing Research
(1999-2001)
Principal investigator: Karen Schumacher;
coinvestigator: Sarah Kagan
Feeding device for newborn infants
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
(1996-1999)
Principal investigator: Barbara Medoff-
Cooper
The generalizability of HIV risk reduction
strategies
National Institutes of Child Health and
Development (1999-2002)
Principal investigator: John Jemmott, III;
coinvestigators: Loretta Sweet
Jemmott, Antonia Villarruel
Geriatric education center
Department of Health and Human Services,
Health Resources and Services
Administration, Bureau of Public Health
Principal investigator:Risa Lavizzo-
Mourey; coinvestigator: Lois Evans
Grandmother-grandson HIV risk reduction
interventions
National Institute of Mental Health
Minority Supplement (1998-1999)
Principal investigator: Loretta Sweet
Jemmott; coinvestigator: Freida Outlaw
Health of mothers and infants
Focus on Women's Health Research
(1997-1999)
Principal investigator: Susan Gennaro
Home care for the elderly: remembering the
past while anticipating the future
Frank Morgan Jones Fund (1997-1998)
Principal investigator: Karen Buhler-
Wilkerson
S t u dy Goes to Heart of
Children’s Healt h
With a $260,000 grant from the Genentech Foundation for Growth
and Development, an assistant professor at the Nursing School will
i m p rove measurements of the most important indication of a child’s
health — growth.
R e s e a rch indicates that linear growth measurements in primary care
practices often are obtained by untrained observers using inaccurate technique
with faulty equipment.
Te rri Lipman, PhD, CRNP, RN, (GNu’83, DNSc’91) assistant pro f e s s o r
of nursing of children and a nurse practitioner in endocrinology at the
C h i l d re n ’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and her co-principal investigator, Kare n
Hench, RN, MS, a doctoral student at Johns Hopkins University, designed
a study to assess measurement practices in eight areas of the country and
Putting research into
practice and education,
Terri Lipman works with
Jason Baker to measure
a young patient.
then provided training programs and measuring
equipm e n t .
Each geographic area is supervised by a
site coordinator who is a nurse from the
Pediatric Endocrinology Nursing Society.
“When children are measured incorre c t-
l y, health-care workers often can’t spot
g rowth problems,” Lipman said. “This
means a growth disorder goes untre a t e d
or nurses and doctors fail to spot a symptom
of a serious chronic illness.”
In Phase I, which already is completed,
Lipman obtained data on measure m e n t
techniques through a mail survey to a randomly
selected group of 1,300 primary care
practices. Phase II, which is under way,
involves the development of a two-hour
training session about growth. In Phase III,
120 providers who perf o rm growth meas
u rement will receive assessment of their
m e a s u rement technique and equipment instruction. Follow-up visits will
occur at three and six months of the training.
With the program, Lipman wants to improve growth assessment techniques,
raise awareness, and ensure prompt re f e rral of children with
g rowth disorders.
The principal investigator on more than 15 clinical studies on pediatric
diabetes and pediatric growth assessment, Lipman received the Society of
Pediatric Nurses’ Excellence in Clinical Practice Aw a rd in 1993. She was
h o n o red by her alma mater, Temple University College of Allied Health
P rofessions, with the 1999 Certificate of Honor for her dedication to the
health issues facing urban childre n. ■
F a l l 1 9 9 9 29

Faculty Research 1 9 9 8 - 1 9 9 9
The influence of church-based religious
teachings on what and how single mothers
teach their sons about sex
University of Pennsylvania Research
Foundation (1998)
Principal investigators: Freida Outlaw,
Emma Brown
The influence of church/mosque based teaching
about sex on adolescents of African descent
sexual behavior
University of Pennsylvania Research
Foundation (1998)
Principal Investigators: Freida Outlaw,
Emma Brown
Jamaica—Penn project: working together to
reduce HIV risk behaviors among Jamaican
adolescents
University of Pennsylvania Diversity
Research grant (1998-1999)
Principal investigator: Loretta Sweet
Jemmott
Latino mother-son HIV risk reduction
interventions
National Institute of Mental Health
(1998-1999)
Principal investigator: L o retta Sweet
J e m m o t t; coinvestigator: Antonia Vi l l a rru e l
Mom and me do BSE: mothers and daughters
together for breast health promotion
The Breast Health Institute in collaboration
with Pennsylvania Hospital (1998-1999)
Principal investigator: Diane Spatz
Mother-son HIV risk reduction interventions
National Institute of Mental Health
(1995-2000)
Principal investigator: Loretta Sweet
Jemmott; coinvestigator: Freida Outlaw
National Hispanic leadership initiative on cancer
National Cancer Institute, National
Institutes of Health (1994-1999)
Principal investigator: Antonia Villarruel
No place like home: caring for the sick,
1 8 8 0 - 1 9 6 5
University of Pennsylvania Research
Foundation (1999)
Principal investigator: Karen Buhler-
Wilkerson
Nurse practitioner survey of relative work
values for evaluation and management services
University of Pennsylvania Research
Foundation (1996-1999)
Principal investigator: Eileen Sullivan-Marx
Nursing center success: clinical information
management
Independence Foundation (1997-1999)
Principal investigator: Lois Evans;
coinvestigators: Melinda Jenkins,
Norma Lang
Nursing center's success: clinical information
systems
Independence Foundation (1999-2000)
Principal investigator: Lois Evans;
coinvestigator: Norma Lang
Nutritive sucking: physiologic and behavioral
correlates
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1994-1999)
Principal investigator: Barbara Medoff-
Cooper; coinvestigator: Susan Gennaro
Nutritive sucking: behavioral and physiologic
correlates —an Israel extension
Provost International Programs Fund
(1997-1998)
Principal investigator: Barbara Medoff-
Cooper
Pain perceptions and responses of critically ill
children undergoing procedures
American Association of Critical Care
Nurses (1996-1998)
Principal investigator: Teresa DiMaggio;
coinvestigator: Jane Barnsteiner
Payment issues promoting utilization of
advanced practice nurses
American Nurses Foundation (1996-1999)
Principal investigator: Eileen Sullivan-Marx
Penn-Malawi women for women's health:
maintenance grant
The Rockefeller Foundation (1995-2000)
Principal investigator: Joyce Thompson;
coinvestigator: Rose Kershbaumer
Penn's rural nurse-midwifery project
Division of Nursing, Nurse
Practitioner/Nurse-Midwifery, Health
Resources and Services Administration,
Health and Human Services (1997-2000)
Principal investigator: Joyce Thompson;
coinvestigator: Teresita Hinnegan
Phase IV trial of HIV prevention interventions
National Institute of Mental Health
(1997-2002)
Principal investigator: John Jemmott, III;
coinvestigator: Loretta Sweet Jemmott
Physical restraint use among hospitalized older
adults in hip fracture
Frank Morgan Jones Fund and Sigma Theta
Tau-Xi Chapter, University of Pennsylvania
(1997-2000)
Principal investigator: Eileen Sullivan-Marx
Prenatal care attendance: outcomes and cost
Sigma Theta Tau-Xi chapter, University of
Pennsylvania Research Foundation
(1989-2000)
Principal investigator: Marilyn Stringer
Reducing HIV risk among Latino youth
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1999-2002)
Principal investigator: Antonia Villarruel;
coinvestigator: Loretta Sweet Jemmott
Research on vulnerable women, children,
and families
National Institute of Nursing Research
(1998-2004)
Principal investigator: Susan Gennaro;
coinvestigators: Linda Brown,
Janet Deatrick
Second stage labor nursing care with epidural
anesthesia
Office of Women's Health (1998-2000)
Principal investigator: Linda Mayberry;
coinvestigator: Susan Gennaro
Strengthening nursing and midwifery in Latin
America
Division of Nursing, Health Resources and
Services Administration, Health and
Human Services (1997-1998)
Principal investigator: Joyce Thompson
Women teaching women: an evaluation of an
educational intervention in Uganda
University of Pennsylvania Research
Foundation (1999-2000)
Principal investigator: Susan Gennaro;
coinvestigator: Rose Kershbaumer
30 P e n n N u r s i n g

Faculty Publications 1 9 9 8 - 1 9 9 9
Penn Nursing faculty
a re intern a t i o n a l l y
known for their scholarly
achievements and are active
in sharing their knowledge
with an extended scientific
community of colleagues in
nursing, health care, policy
development, and academia
t h rough invited pre s e n t a-
tions before national and
i n t e rnational audiences and
memberships on major
g o v e rnment and privatesector
committees. Ye t
another important measure
of re s e a rch is the dissemination
of findings thro u g h
publications. The following
is a list of selected art i c l e s ,
chapters, and books published
by standing faculty
during 1998-1999. ■
Linda H. Aiken
Aiken, L.H. (1998). How the
o rganization and staffing of
hospitals affect patient outcomes.
I n t e rnational Medical Foru m ,1 0 3,
7 9 - 8 5 .
Aiken, L.H., & Sloane, D.M.
(1998). Advances in hospital outcomes
re s e a rch. J o u rnal of Health
S e rvices Research and Policy, 3( 4 ) ,
2 4 9 - 2 5 0 .
Aiken, L.H., Sloane, D.M., &
Sochalski, J. (1998). Hospital
o rganization and outcomes.
Quality in Health Care , 7(4), 222-
2 2 6 .
McKee, M., Aiken, L.H., Raff e rt y,
A.M., & Sochalski, J. (1998).
O rganizational change and quality
of health care: An evolving international
agenda. Quality in
Health Care, 7(1), 37-41.
Sochalski, J., Aiken, L.H.,
R a ff e rt y, A.M., Shamian, J.,
M u l l e r-Mundt, G., Hunt, J.,
Giovannetti, P., & Clarke, H.
(1998). Building multinational
re s e a rch. R e f l e c t i o n s, 2 4(3),
20-23, 45.
Aiken, L.H., Sloane D.M., Lake,
E . T., Sochalski, J. & We b e r, A.L.
(1999). Organization and outcomes
of inpatient AIDS care .
Medical Care, 3 7(7), 1-13.
Havens, D.S., & Aiken, L.H.
(1999). Shaping systems to promote
desired outcomes: The magnet
hospital model. J o u rnal of
Nursing Administration, 29( 2 ) ,
1 4 - 2 0 .
Scott, J.G., Sochalski, J., & Aiken,
L.H. (1999). Review of magnet
hospital re s e a rch: Established
findings and implications for professional
nursing practice. J o u rn a l
of Nursing Administration, 29( 1 ) ,
9 - 1 9 .
Sochalski, J., & Aiken, L.H.
(1999). Accounting for variation
in hospital outcomes: A cro s s -
national study. Health Aff a i r s ,
1 8(3), 256-259.
Jane H. Barnsteiner
B a rn s t e i n e r, J. (1998). The online
j o u rnal of knowledge synthesis
for nursing. In J. Fitzpatrick
(Ed.), Encyclopedia of Nursing
R e s e a rch. New York: Springer
Publishing Company.
B a rn s t e i n e r, J. (1999). Evidence
Based Practice. In J. Fitzpatrick
( E d . ) , Encyclopedia of Nursing
R e s e a rch. New York: Springer
Publishing Company.
B a rn s t e i n e r, J. (1999). The Online
J o u rnal of Knowledge Synthesis
for Nursing Update. R e f l e c t i o n s ,
Winter 1999.
Linda P. Brown
B rooten, D., Brown, L., &
Miovech, S. (1998). Politics of
Nursing Research. In Mason, D.,
Talbott, S. and Leavitt, J. (Eds.),
Policy and Politics for Nurses.
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
B rown, L., Bair, A., Meier, P. ,
Pugh, L., Spatz, D., Borucki, L.,
& Morin, K. (1998). Accessing
on-line information at the
National Institutes of Health:
Highlights and practical tips.
Computers in Nursing, 1 6(4),
198-201.
Langston, M., Pugh, L., Franklin,
T., Brown, L., & Milligan, R.
(1998). Exemplary pro g r a m
development — A community
health nurse and a bre a s t f e e d i n g
peer counselor providing care to
low-income women. The Journ a l
of Perinatal Education, 7(3),
3 3 - 3 9 .
M e i e r, P., & Brown, L. (1998).
B reastfeeding the pre t e rm infant.
In J. Riordan & K.G. Auerbach
(Eds.), B reastfeeding and Human
Lactation. Boston: Jones &
B a rt l e t t .
M e i e r, P., & Brown, L. (1998).
B reastfeeding a pre t e rm infant
after NICU discharge: Reflections
on Ry a n ’s story. B re a s t f e e d i n g
A b s t r a c t s, 2-4.
Karen Buhler-W i l k e r s o n
B u h l e r- Wilkerson, K., Naylor, N.,
Holt, S., & Rinke, L. (1998). An
alliance for academic home care :
Integrating re s e a rch, education
and practice. Nursing Outlook,
4 6 , 77-80.
Evans, L., Jenkins, M., & Buhler-
Wilkerson, K. (1999). Academic
nursing practice: Power nursing
for the 21st Century. In M.
Mezey and D. McGiven (Eds.),
Nurses, Nurse Practitioners:
Evolution to Advanced Practice.
New York: Springer Publishing
C o m p a n y.
N a y l o r, M., & Buhler- Wi l k e r s o n ,
K. (1999). Creating Community-
Based Care for the New
Millennium. Nursing Outlook,
4 7(3), 120-127.
Ann W. Burgess
B u rgess, A.W. (1998). Abuse: can
you tell? Testimony on sex abuse
victims challenged. F o rensic Echo,
2(7), 6-7.
B u rgess, A.W. (1998). Which
m a rried males get violent?
F o rensic Echo, 2(8), 22-23.
Von, J.M., Kilpatrick, D.G.,
B u rgess, A.W., & Hartman, C.R.
(1998). Rape and sexual assault.
In R. Wallace (Ed.), Public Health
& Preventive Medicine (pp. 1238-
1241). Stamford, CT: Appleton &
L a n g e .
B u rgess, A.W. (1999). Was she
too sensitive to touch? Character
s p a red, victim’s past abuse admissible.
F o rensic Echo, 3(4), 9-11.
B u rgess, A.W., & Anderson R.D.
(1999). Prosecuting a sexual
sadistic murder after 20 years.
Sexual Assault Report, 2( 1 ) .
B u rgess, A.W., Bro o k o v e r, T. A . ,
Eagan, O.P., & Rosenberg e r, M.J.
(1999). Abuse instead of re s p i r a-
tion therapy, aggravated by hospitals’
failure s . Sexual Assault
R e p o rt, 2( 2 ) .
B u rgess, A.W., & Dowdell, E.B.
(1999). Forensic nursing and violent
school boys. N u r s i n g
S p e c t ru m , 3(2), 10-12.
B u rgess, A.W., & Harn e r, H.M.
(1999). Forensic evaluation for
m a t e rnal reunification. N u r s i n g
S p e c t ru m ,3 7(3), 23-27.
B u rgess, A.W., & Marks, D.T.
(1999). The Dorothy System:
Tracking nursing home staff who
abuse patients. Sexual Assault
R e p o rt, 1( 6 ) .
B u rgess, A.W., & Pre n t k y, R.A.
(1999). Physician Sexual
Misconduct. Sexual Assault
R e p o rt , 2 ( 3 ) .
B u rgess, A.W., & Wilkens, J.
(1999). Gang rape and duty to
p ro t e c t. Sexual Assault Report ,
2( 5 ) .
Margaret M. Cotroneo
C o t roneo, M. (1998). Das
v e r l o rene Kind (The lost child).
Berliner Zeitung Magazin.
Summer 165, 18/19 Juli 1998,
pp. III.
C o t roneo, M. (1998). Mein
Leben nach der Fulbright
P rofessur in Deutschland (My life
after the Fulbright Pro f e s s o r s h i p
in Germany) H o c h s c h u l f o ru m
Pflege 2(1), 27-29.
C o t roneo, M. (1999). Seeing the
world as others see it. Wo r k i n g
Together — The Newsletter of the
Collaborative Family HealthCare
Coalition, 4(1), 1-3.
C o t roneo, M. (1999). Why public
health in the collaborative family
healthcare model? Wo r k i n g
Together — The Newsletter of the
Collaborative Family HealthCare
Coalition, 4(2), 7.
C o t roneo, M., Zimmer, M., &
Zegelin-Abt, A. (1999).
Vorschlage fur das
Gesundheitssystem der Zukunft:
F a m i l i e n o r i e n t i e rte Primary
Health Care (Planning for the
health care system of the future :
family oriented primary health
c a re). P f l e g e, issue 3.
McHugh, M., & Cotroneo, M.
(1999). WHO. Review of the lite
r a t u re on family nursing (Unit
document pre p a red by the
authors). World Health
O rganization, Regional Office for
E u rope, Copenhagen.
F a l l 1 9 9 9 31

Faculty Publications 1 9 9 8 - 1 9 9 9
The Miracle of the ICN
Swan, B.A., & Cotroneo, M.
(1999). Financing strategies for a
community nursing center.
Nursing Economics. 17(1), 44-48.
One hundred years ago in London, women’s rights, social pro g ressivism, and nursing
intersected, giving birth to the International Council of Nurses. The handful of
radical nurses who formed this group were committed to the idea that their pro f e s s i o n
p roved women were capable of responsible, professional work, making suffrage only
natural and f a i r.
“The power of the idea is impressive,” said Joan E. Lynaugh, PhD, RN, FAAN, RN.
“These women thought that if they could create a worldwide professional women’s
o rganization run by women, it would set a new example for what women could do.”
Ethel Beford
Fe n w i c k , a founder
of ICN
The creativeness, the inventiveness of these women was capt
u red by Lynaugh when, at the ICN’s request, she directed the
re s e a rch and writing of Nurses of All Nations, A History of the
I n t e rnational Council of Nurses 1899-1999 (Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins, 1999). To tackle such a daunting assignment, she assembled
a team of five other historians: Barbara L. Brush, (GNu’82,
PhD’94) now at Boston College, Nancy J. Tomes of the State
University of New York at Stony Brook, Anne Marie Raff e rty of
the London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, Mery n
S t u a rt of the University of Ottawa, and Geertje Boschma of the
University of Calgary.
The ICN opened its international archives in Geneva to the
historians, who also searched libraries at Columbia
and Boston Universities. The six contacted historians
t h roughout the world and read correspondence dating
back a century.
“The enthusiasm these nurses had for each other
and their endurance over all this time was extraord i-
n a ry,” Lynaugh said. “They were constantly being
pulled apart by world events, but they continued to
come together at great personal financial expense.
They shared and loved the idea of nursing.”
To d a y, the ICN serves as the forum for debating and
establishing nursing standards throughout the world.
The re s e a rch for Nurses of All Nations, her fourt h
h e a l t h - c a re history book, allowed Lynaugh to fully
a p p reciate the ICN’s influence.
“ Without the ICN, another group might have filled the vacuum after World War I,” she
said. “It probably would have been the International Red Cross, and it would have been
a very diff e rent story for nursing.
“The Red Cross was about solving immediate post-war problems, not setting nursing
s t a n d a rds or improving education. ICN can take the credit for encouraging the movement
of nursing out of a subjugated state in 1900 to a fairly autonomous state today. ”
F o rmer ICN Executive Director Constance A. Holleran, MSN, FAAN, RN, served on
P e n n ’s faculty from 1996-1999. ■
Janet A. Deatrick
Deatrick, J., Angst, D., &
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s e l f - c a re with adolescents.
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32 P e n n N u r s i n g

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36 P e n n N u r s i n g

On the Cover
Sarah Scott and Thomas Kisimbi,
members of the first class of students
earning joint degrees from the
Nursing School and Wharton School
at the University of Pennsylvania,
with advisor Julie Sochalski.
The University of Pennsylvania
School of Nursing
420 Guardian Drive
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096
Tel: 215-898-8281
WWW address: http://www.nursing.upenn.edu
F a l l 1 9 9 97 37

The University of Pennsylvania
School of Nursing
420 Guardian Drive
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096
www.nursing.upenn.edu
Non-Profit Org.
U.S. Postage
P A I D
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Phila., PA