literature review and study energy market alternatives for - Ontario ...

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RECOMMENDATIONS (1) A MULTI-MARKET BIO-REFINERY APPROACH IS NEEDED THAT BOTH ENCOURAGES AND SAFEGUARDS THE BIOMASS VALUE CHAIN - PRODUCERS, AGGREGATORS, AND BUYERS IN THE EVENT THAT THE OPG BIOMASS OPPORTUNITY DOES NOT MATERIALIZE - FOR WHATEVER REASON - PRODUCERS MUST HAVE BIOMASS MARKET OPTIONS. THESE INCLUDE SMALLER SCALE, RURAL COMMUNITY BASED - DISTRIBUTED ENERGY BIOMASS PROJECTS - COMMUNITY BASED BIO-REFINERIES THAT MIGHT ACT AS DEVELOPMENT NODES TO PRODUCE: • METHANE/SYNGAS PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OR GASIFICATION • POTENTIAL TO SELL BIOGAS OR UPGRADED BIOGAS AS BOTH A PIPELINE OR NON-PIPELINE BASED INDUSTRIAL AND TRANSPORT FUEL. BIOGAS CAN ACT AS A FLEXIBLE “LAST-MILE” ENERGY SOURCE • BIOGAS TO BE UPGRADED FOR INJECTION INTO NATURAL GAS PIPELINES FOR CONVERSION INTO “BIO-ELECTRICITY OR GREEN ELECTRICITY”, OR USED AS A TRANSPORT FUEL UNDER A MODIFIED RENEWABLE FUELS MANDATE
RECOMMENDATIONS (2) • INDUSTRIAL AND COMMUNITY HEATING AND COOLING BASED ON CHP SYSTEMS • DISTRIBUTED ENERGY OPTIONS THAT MIGHT INCLUDE - BIOGAS, AND BIO-LIQUIDS TO PRODUCE AMMONIA FERTILIZERS, OR BIO-OILS FOR POLYMERS AND OTHER USES • BIOMASS FOR NON-ENERGY APPLICATIONS, SUCH AS FIBER FOR SLUSH MOULDING • DIFFERENT BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK SOURCES THAT JOINTLY UTILIZE - INDUSTRIAL, MUNICIPAL AND AGRICULTURAL WASTE, BROWNFIELD RESOURCES AND OTHER RURAL RESOURCES SUCH AS RIGHT-OF-WAYS, DUGOUTS, POWER POLES • DEVELOP NEW FUNDING AND PAYMENT PROGRAMS SUCH AS “COMMUNITY FEED-IN- TARIFFS,” GREEN BONDS, GREEN RRSP’S ETC., THAT CAN INCENTIVIZE, HOT WATER, STEAM, METHANE, CO 2 AND OTHER DISTRIBUTED ENERGY CO-PRODUCTS. THE NEED IS TO GO BEYOND RELIANCE ON ELECTRICAL FEED-IN-TARIFFS POTENTIALLY “GREENER,” LOWER COST, AND EASIER TO IMPLEMENT BIOMASS USE OPTIONS EXIST, AND MUST BE EXPLORED, SINCE THE AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS CO-FIRE OPTION FOR OPG NANTICOKE APPEARS DIFFICULT FOR TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC REASONS
Page 1 and 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND STUDY ENERGY
Page 3 and 4: AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS - COMBUSTION V
Page 5 and 6: INTRODUCTION The study was intended
Page 7 and 8: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (1) WHILE T
Page 9: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (3) THERE I
Page 13 and 14: AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS POWER CHALLENG
Page 19 and 20: AGRICULTURE BIOMASS POWER CHALLENGE
Page 21 and 22: Source EIA AGRICULTURE BIOMASS POWE
Page 33 and 34: AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK DEVE
Page 47 and 48: BIOMASS CROP VARIETY DEVELOPMENT FE
Page 49 and 50: AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS COMBUSTION VAL
Page 51 and 52: AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS CHALLENGES VAL
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AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS CHALLENGES VAL
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Fermentation LOW HIGH AGRICULTURAL
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AGRICULTURAL BIO-REFINERY CONCEPT L
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AGRICULTURAL BIO-REFINERY CONCEPT B
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AGRICULTURAL BIO-REFINERY CONCEPT B
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RURAL BIO-REFINERY CONCEPT GROW LOC
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RURAL BIO-REFINERY CONCEPT POTENTIA
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RURAL BIO-REFINERY CONCEPT ANAEROBI
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RURAL BIO-REFINERY CONCEPT BIOGAS A
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RURAL BIOREFINERY CONCEPT BIOGAS AN
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RURAL BIO-REFINERY CONCEPT RURAL EC
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AGRICULTURAL BIO-REFINERY CHALLENGE
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BIOMASS BIO-REFINERY CHALLENGES POL
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Baxter, Larry, and Jaap Kopperjan.
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Cushion, Elizabeth, Gerhard Dieterl
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Grubert, E, and S Kitasei. "How Ene
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Kurtz, B, "Bloom Energy to Offer El
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NOVA (Northern Ontario Value Added
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Sipila, E., Vasara, P., Sipil?§, K
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Wilson, T O. "Factors Affecting Woo
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