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AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS CHALLENGES VALUE CHAIN - COMBUSTION BIOMASS TORREFACTION COSTS ESTIMATES FOR 6 T/H PLANT PORTABLE TYPE TORREFACTION - app $50/T (CHEAPER TO PELLETIZE AFTER TORREFICATION) RAW MATERIAL ROTARY DRUM DRYER $1.45 TORREFIER $20.00 COOLER RAW MATERIAL IN-FEED $0.30 HAMMERMILL $0.85 SCREENER $0.03 RESIDUE CLASSIFIER (METAL DETECTOR) PELLETIZER $2.50 COOLER $0.80 STORAGE/HANDLING $2.00 OTHER EQUIPMENT $ 5.00 LAND AND BUILDINGS $ 0.40 LABOR $ 15.39 Source: Southern Biomass/Terradyne NOTES; Hammermill is cheaper by almost half since the carbonized product is more friable Pelletizing is cheaper because the material is torrified so is in smaller more malleable format Cooling is greater because there is greater need to control pellets from spontaneously combusting Storage and handling is less than pelletizing because there is about one third less volume Land and buildings costs are lower a pelleting plant. A portable torrefeying plant has higher equipment costs than a stationary. Excluded from costs Rotary Drum Dryer is typically heated from off-gases from the Torrefier with minor supplemental external energy during start-up
AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS CHALLENGES VALUE CHAIN - COMBUSTION COMPARATIVE PHYSICAL PROPERTY CHANGES IN WOOD WOOD CHIPS, WOOD PELLETS, TORREFIED WOOD PELLETS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES WOOD CHIPS WOOD PELLETS TORREFIED WOOD PELLETS Moisture Content (%) 35 6 ~10 1 - 5 Calorific Value (MJ/kg) 10.5 16 21 Bulk Density (KG/m3) 300 - 500 600 - 620 750-800 (lbs/cf) 18 - 31 37 - 39 47 - 50 Energy Bulk Density 5.8 9 16.7 Hygroscopic Nature Wets Wets Hydrophobic Behaviour in Storage Gets mouldy, dry matter loss Deteriorates and gets mouldy Stable Dust explosibility High Very high ? Self heating Extremely high Extremely high ? Off gassing Extremely high Extremely high ? Source: Mitchell, P. et al, (2007), “Torrefied Biomass: A Foresighting Study Into the Business Case for Torrefied Biomass as a New Solid Fuel”, All Energy, May 24, 2007
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LITERATURE REVIEW AND STUDY ENERGY
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AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS - COMBUSTION V
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INTRODUCTION The study was intended
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (1) WHILE T
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (3) THERE I
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RECOMMENDATIONS (2) • INDUSTRIAL
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AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS POWER CHALLENG
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AGRICULTURE BIOMASS POWER CHALLENGE
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Source EIA AGRICULTURE BIOMASS POWE
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Page 49 and 50: AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS COMBUSTION VAL
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Page 81 and 82: Fermentation LOW HIGH AGRICULTURAL
Page 83 and 84: AGRICULTURAL BIO-REFINERY CONCEPT L
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Page 89 and 90: RURAL BIO-REFINERY CONCEPT GROW LOC
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Page 93 and 94: RURAL BIO-REFINERY CONCEPT ANAEROBI
Page 95 and 96: RURAL BIO-REFINERY CONCEPT BIOGAS A
Page 105 and 106: RURAL BIOREFINERY CONCEPT BIOGAS AN
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RURAL BIO-REFINERY CONCEPT RURAL EC
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AGRICULTURAL BIO-REFINERY CHALLENGE
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BIOMASS BIO-REFINERY CHALLENGES POL
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Baxter, Larry, and Jaap Kopperjan.
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Cushion, Elizabeth, Gerhard Dieterl
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Grubert, E, and S Kitasei. "How Ene
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Kurtz, B, "Bloom Energy to Offer El
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NOVA (Northern Ontario Value Added
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Sipila, E., Vasara, P., Sipil?§, K
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Wilson, T O. "Factors Affecting Woo
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