Wilderness Skills - Olympia Mountaineers

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effects of the ground, the lower the temperature.......but mountains are ground too -- while sunlight warms peaks just as it warms valleys, mountains are surrounded by brisk, breezy, high-altitude air, which keeps them refrigerated. All things being equal, the summit of Mount Everest ought to be an invigorating 104 degrees cooler than sea level. • Storms generally start occurring in October, and persistent snow begins in November in the mountains. Precipitation increases in December, reaching maximum intensity in January. Expect snowstorms in the mountains through April, and snow presence through June. Beaufort Wind Scale Developed in 1805 by Sir Francis Beaufort of England Force 0 Wind (Knots) Less than 1 WMO Classification On the Water Appearance of Wind Effects Wilderness Skills Module Page 64 of 73 Olympia Mountaineers - Hiking, Alpine Scrambling and Basic Climbing On Land Calm Sea surface smooth and mirror-like Calm, smoke rises vertically 1 1-3 Light Air Scaly ripples, no foam crests 2 4-6 Light Breeze 3 7-10 Gentle Breeze 4 11-16 Moderate Breeze 5 17-21 Fresh Breeze 6 22-27 Strong Breeze 7 28-33 Near Gale 8 34-40 Gale 9 41-47 Strong Gale 10 48-55 Storm 11 56-63 Violent Storm 12 64+ Hurricane Small wavelets, crests glassy, no breaking Large wavelets, crests begin to break, scattered whitecaps Small waves 1-4 ft. becoming longer, numerous whitecaps Moderate waves 4-8 ft taking longer form, many whitecaps, some spray Larger waves 8-13 ft, whitecaps common, more spray Sea heaps up, waves 13-20 ft, white foam streaks off breakers Moderately high (13-20 ft) waves of greater length, edges of crests begin to break into spindrift, foam blown in streaks High waves (20 ft), sea begins to roll, dense streaks of foam, spray may reduce visibility Very high waves (20-30 ft) with overhanging crests, sea white with densely blown foam, heavy rolling, lowered visibility Exceptionally high (30-45 ft) waves, foam patches cover sea, visibility more reduced Air filled with foam, waves over 45 ft, sea completely white with driving spray, Smoke drift indicates wind direction, still wind vanes Wind felt on face, leaves rustle, vanes begin to move Leaves and small twigs constantly moving, light flags extended Dust, leaves, and loose paper lifted, small tree branches move Small trees in leaf begin to sway Larger tree branches moving, whistling in wires Whole trees moving, resistance felt walking against wind Whole trees in motion, resistance felt walking against wind Slight structural damage occurs, slate blows off roofs Seldom experienced on land, trees broken or uprooted, "considerable structural damage"
visibility greatly reduced Most of these books and films are available through the Olympia Mountaineers Library or the Timberland Library. Links to much of the information below are available at our branch website http://www.olympiamountaineers.org/ Weather • "Mountain Weather", Jeff Renner This is a good reference for those of us who aren't weather scientists. • Washington State Dept. of Transportation o • NOAA o o o o o Mountain Pass Report You've got to be able to drive there, right? http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/traffic/passes/ Mt. Rainier forecast The 3-day forecast for the West side & summit: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/view/validProds.php?prod=REC&node=KSEW Western Region http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/ River Forecast Centers http://www.weather.gov/ahps/rfc/rfc.php RSS Interested in RSS feeds of current weather information? http://www.weather.gov/rss/ Beaufort Wind Scale http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/beaufort.html • Other local forecasts & webcams o o o • Avalanches o Cascade Volcano WebCams This is a good series of links to local webcams. http://www.skimountaineer.com/CascadeSki/CascadeWebCams.php Mt. Rainier: Paradise http://mms.nps.gov/mora/cam/paradise.jpg Smith Rock http://www.smithrock.com/ Northwest Weather and Avalanche Center If you're heading out in the snow you should definitely check out these avalanche predictions http://www.nwac.us/ o Facebook Group: Avalanche - Decision Making Before and During Backcountry Travel • Surf Forecasts WaveWatch http://www.wavewatch.com/Surf-Forecast-Region.php?RegionID=1 Magic Seaweed http://magicseaweed.com/ Hazards • Adventure Experience Paradigm o My explanation of this theory is very basic. You'll find more complete details in these works. Martin, P., & Priest, S. (1986). Understanding the Adventure Experience, Journal of Adventure Education, 3, 18-21. Priest, S. (1990). The Adventure Experience Paradigm, Adventure Education, 157-162 • Fauna o "Don't Get Eaten: The Dangers of Animals that Charge or Attack", Dave Smith o "Don't Get Bitten: The Dangers of Things That Bite or Sting", Buck Tilton, M.S. Wilderness Skills Module Page 65 of 73 Olympia Mountaineers - Hiking, Alpine Scrambling and Basic Climbing
Page 1 and 2:
Olympia Branch of The Mountaineers
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents Introduction ....
Page 5 and 6:
Club members have access to a broad
Page 7 and 8:
Course Procedures in Review Travel
Page 9 and 10:
How to read and use the GO Guide Th
Page 11 and 12:
Wilderness Skills Course Content Co
Page 13 and 14: Student Manual and Course Text The
Page 15 and 16: A USGS or comparably detailed topog
Page 17 and 18: Food and Water - Nutritious, lots o
Page 19 and 20: Backpacker Magazine published as ar
Page 21 and 22: Understanding and applying a few el
Page 23 and 24: Better clothing takes advantage of
Page 25 and 26: processed again and woven into yarn
Page 27 and 28: Home water and weatherproofing trea
Page 29 and 30: Optional Equipment Camera, binocula
Page 31 and 32: Equipment Checklist: Best Quality a
Page 33 and 34: The downside? Organizing and locati
Page 35 and 36: • Waistbelt pockets: Handy for ke
Page 37 and 38: Equipment - Where To Get It? New Eq
Page 39 and 40: Minimum Impact Skills - Leave No Tr
Page 41 and 42: Minimum Impact Minimum Impact (Leav
Page 43 and 44: Mountain Health & Safety - hypother
Page 45 and 46: B Silverstein: Physical Conditionin
Page 47 and 48: Wilderness Skills Module Page 47 of
Page 49 and 50: Wilderness Skills Module Page 49 of
Page 51 and 52: Barbara Silverstein: Physical Condi
Page 53 and 54: Eat to Win Know why, when, and how
Page 55 and 56: Legal Aid ( as opposed to illegal s
Page 57 and 58: TRAINING: Warm your beverage and us
Page 59 and 60: 5.Check for Other Injuries Once the
Page 61 and 62: Emergencies Accidents Accidents on
Page 63: • White-out. Do not travel. Wait
Page 67 and 68: Navigation Fundamentals Navigation
Page 69 and 70: Interpretation of topographic maps
Page 71 and 72: The principle / cardinal directions
Page 73: APPLICATION FOR GRADUATION Olympia
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Wilderness Skills - Olympia Mountaineers

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