Benchmarking and additional environmental information in ... - ANEC

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Cut-off rules In the BRE methodology, data should be included on all materials with a mass greater than 2% of the output from the process. Information should also be provided for materials which contribute less than 2% by mass, but possibly have: • Significant effects in their extraction, their use or disposal, or • Are highly toxic, or • Classed as hazardous waste Materials with a low mass input but which contribute a significant proportion of the energy input should also be included, e.g. adhesives used in the manufacture of window frames. Allocation issues The BRE methodology recognises the desirability of avoiding allocation and therefore separate processes into sub-processes wherever possible. If this approach is not possible, then allocation by physical property is preferred and next to that by product value. The methodology details the allocation procedure for a number of situations: • Sequential processes • Two processes in parallel • Recycling into same process • Recycling into another use • Separate recycling processes • Recycling home and new scrap It follows from the rules that all materials arising from a process (also future waste) that have a financial value attract a proportion of the burdens associated with the production processes. Where repeated recycling occurs, for example for metals, the primary burden carried forward through each recycling decreases until after an infinite number of recycles it reaches zero. 2.5.2 LCA/LCI-information to be included In the BRE environmental profiles, no inventory information is presented. However, the environmental profiles present characterized and normalised environmental impacts for the following categories: • Climate change • Acid deposition • Ozone depletion • Pollution to air: Human toxicity • Pollution to air: Low level ozone depletion • Fossil fuel depletion and extraction • Pollution to water: Human toxicity • Pollution to water: Ecotoxicity • Pollution to water: Eutrophication • Minerals extraction 22
• Water extraction • Waste disposal • Transport pollution and congestion: Freight 2.5.3 Additional environmental information The BRE methodology does not include any requirements on “additional environmental information”. The LCA calculations, performed by BRE consultants using their own database and impact assessment based primarily on the CML-methods, do however include a broader range of impact categories than most other EPD-approaches, viz. human toxicity via air and water and ecotoxicity. 2.5.4 Presentation of results The BRE scheme uses a fixed two-page format. A few inventory data, addressing minerals and water extraction, waste disposal and primary energy consumption are presented in one table, together with the contribution to environmental impacts as calculated using the Dutch CML-method. In a second table, all environmental impacts are normalised by relating them to the annual impacts caused by a UK citizen. This approach is similar to that suggested in the Danish EDIP methodology and in Nissinen et al. No “additional environmental information” is presented. 2.6 The German AUB-scheme AUB (Arbeitsgemeinachaft Umweltsverträglischer Bauprodukt e.V.) is a voluntary association of German building product producers and distributors with about 30 members representing more than 100 businesses. The AUB has developed a program that established environmental product declarations according to ISO 14025. The general guidelines (AUB, 2006) presented in short in the following paragraphs are used to establish Product Category Rules for well-defined building components. 2.6.1 Life cycle approach Life cycle stages The AUB-scheme includes all life cycle stages from cradle-to-grave. It has been chosen to present the results in semi-aggregated form, i.e. by providing separate results for the production and disposal stages Consequential or attributional LCA The general guidelines for establishing Product Category Rules does not address the question of consequential or attributional LCA specifically. It is, however, evident from the guidelines and the EPD’s available that the LCA approach is attributional. Cut-off rules All inputs of material constituting more than 1% by mass or accounting for more than 1% of the total consumption of primary energy shall as a general rule be 23
Page 1: Benchmarking and additional environ
Page 4 and 5: 2.9.4 Presentation of results 32 2.
Page 7 and 8: Summary The report addresses the po
Page 9 and 10: etween eco-labelling and energy lab
Page 11 and 12: 1 Introduction 1.1 Background The p
Page 13 and 14: An EDS is thus not directly compara
Page 15 and 16: Life cycle stages The development o
Page 17 and 18: 2.3 ISO/FDIS 21930 The ISO FDIS 219
Page 19 and 20: The division between the various ca
Page 21: 2.4.3 Additional environmental info
Page 25 and 26: consumer health and the local envir
Page 27 and 28: • Global Warming Potential • Oz
Page 29 and 30: a contribution to the relevant envi
Page 31 and 32: • Multi-output processes • Mult
Page 33 and 34: 2.10.2 LCA approach The LCA approac
Page 35 and 36: 2.10.5 Cut-off rules Using the I/O-
Page 37 and 38: - as was the case for option 1) - t
Page 39 and 40: A hypothetical, but realistic examp
Page 41 and 42: Table 2. Overview of how selected e
Page 43 and 44: With respect to impact assessment,
Page 45 and 46: • There is an apparent risk of de
Page 47 and 48: 4 Development of Environmental Data
Page 49 and 50: conventional LCA approach as is the
Page 51 and 52: (Hauschild & Wenzel, 1998) and the
Page 53 and 54: such cases, additional performance
Page 55 and 56: concern level, and the detailed lif
Page 57 and 58: There are no unequivocal or science
Page 59 and 60: 4.4.2 Other approaches for testing
Page 61 and 62: The scoring and rating system based
Page 63 and 64: product groups. It thus allows the
Page 65 and 66: 5 Background information for the ED
Page 67 and 68: 300,000 km will decrease most impac
Page 69 and 70: • Cleaning and drying performance
Page 71 and 72: declarations contain information on
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Table 14. Checklist for compliance
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5.6.2 Additional environmental info
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These issues are in focus in the Ge
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o Low emissions of TVOC, TSVOC, for
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is an open question whether the sur
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a thickness of 250 mm is required,
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Table 1 Environmental specification
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of similar quality. A quick screeni
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e changed as needed or desired in o
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Eurostat (2007). Transport. Passeng
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Tukker A et al. (2005). Environment
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is communicated. It is acknowledged
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