Diseases, pathogens and parasites of Undaria pinnatifida

hosts Coenomyces sp. and Olpidium rostiferum (Raghukumar 1986b, 1987a, 2002; Hyde et al.
1998).
Pontisma lagenidioides causes the “browning disease” in Chaetomorpha antennina
(Raghukumar 1987a; Raghukumar & Chandramohan 1988). Thraustochytrium proliferum,
Rhizophydium littoreum, R. globosum and Phlyctochytrium sp. are pathogens of Bryopsis
plumosa (Sparrow 1936; Kazama 1972; Amon 1984; Hyde et al. 1998) and the former also
infects Codium sp. (Amon 1984). Olpidiopsis andreii infects filamentous green algae, e.g.
Acrosiphonia sp. and Spongomorpha sp. (Aleem 1952a; Porter & Farnham 1986a; West et al.
2006).
The ascomycetes Guignardia alaskana and G. prasiolae have been reported from Prasiola
borealis and Prasiola tesselata, respectively. The former is also parasitised by Laestadia
alaskana. Both algae furthermore host Turgidosculum complicatulum, while the related
species T. ulvae occurs in Blidingia minima and B. minima var. vexata (Saccardo 1882b; Reed
1902; Kohlmeyer & Kohlmeyer 1972, 1973; Kohlmeyer 1979) and Ulva californica (Reed
1902). In France, the ascomycete Chadefaudia corallinarum infests Flabellia petiolata and
Halimeda tuna (Kohlmeyer 1963b). In Russia’s Sea of Japan, Ulva fenestrata is endophytised
by Ulocladium littoreum (Pivkin & Zvereva 2000).
Ostreobium queketti, an endolithic alga growing in corals from French-Polynesia, is
parasitised by an aspergillus-like fungus, causing a black banding pattern on the coral host
(Priess et al. 2000). In Sweden, an unspecified fungus has been reported to parasitise
Elasticha fucicola (Aleem 1952a).
A unidentified heterokont biflagellate parasite lives inside Codium fragile from the North
American Atlantic coast, consuming the plastids of its host (Lee & Kugrens 2003).
Other algae
Members of the genus Achrochaete occur as endophytes in Ulva rigida and Codium fragile.
Another endophyte, Entocladia viridis has been found in Bryopsis duplex and Chaetomorpha
linum from Italy and Denmark, respectively (O’Kelly 1981; Nielsen 1979; del Campo et al.
1998). Another green seaweed, Chlorochytrium dermatocolax, has been reported as a parasite
of a green host, Bryopsis plumosa (Sparrow 1936).
There is a single record of a red seaweed (Schmitziella endophloea) as an endophyte in
Cladophora pellucida (Kylin 1956).
3.6.2. Occurrence of known pathogens in New Zealand
The labyrinthulid Thraustochytrium proliferum has been isolated from Bryopsis plumosa and
Cladophora sp. from Dunedin (Karling 1968).
3.7. XANTHOPHYCEAE
3.7.1. Known pathogens worldwide
Viruses
No virus infections have been reported for the Xanthophyceae.
Bacteria
No bacterial infections have been reported for the Xanthophyceae.
28 • Diseases, pathogens and parasites of Undaria pinnatifida MAF Biosecurity New Zealand