Diseases, pathogens and parasites of Undaria pinnatifida

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hosts Coenomyces sp. and Olpidium rostiferum (Raghukumar 1986b, 1987a, 2002; Hyde et al. 1998). Pontisma lagenidioides causes the “browning disease” in Chaetomorpha antennina (Raghukumar 1987a; Raghukumar & Chandramohan 1988). Thraustochytrium proliferum, Rhizophydium littoreum, R. globosum and Phlyctochytrium sp. are pathogens of Bryopsis plumosa (Sparrow 1936; Kazama 1972; Amon 1984; Hyde et al. 1998) and the former also infects Codium sp. (Amon 1984). Olpidiopsis andreii infects filamentous green algae, e.g. Acrosiphonia sp. and Spongomorpha sp. (Aleem 1952a; Porter & Farnham 1986a; West et al. 2006). The ascomycetes Guignardia alaskana and G. prasiolae have been reported from Prasiola borealis and Prasiola tesselata, respectively. The former is also parasitised by Laestadia alaskana. Both algae furthermore host Turgidosculum complicatulum, while the related species T. ulvae occurs in Blidingia minima and B. minima var. vexata (Saccardo 1882b; Reed 1902; Kohlmeyer & Kohlmeyer 1972, 1973; Kohlmeyer 1979) and Ulva californica (Reed 1902). In France, the ascomycete Chadefaudia corallinarum infests Flabellia petiolata and Halimeda tuna (Kohlmeyer 1963b). In Russia’s Sea of Japan, Ulva fenestrata is endophytised by Ulocladium littoreum (Pivkin & Zvereva 2000). Ostreobium queketti, an endolithic alga growing in corals from French-Polynesia, is parasitised by an aspergillus-like fungus, causing a black banding pattern on the coral host (Priess et al. 2000). In Sweden, an unspecified fungus has been reported to parasitise Elasticha fucicola (Aleem 1952a). A unidentified heterokont biflagellate parasite lives inside Codium fragile from the North American Atlantic coast, consuming the plastids of its host (Lee & Kugrens 2003). Other algae Members of the genus Achrochaete occur as endophytes in Ulva rigida and Codium fragile. Another endophyte, Entocladia viridis has been found in Bryopsis duplex and Chaetomorpha linum from Italy and Denmark, respectively (O’Kelly 1981; Nielsen 1979; del Campo et al. 1998). Another green seaweed, Chlorochytrium dermatocolax, has been reported as a parasite of a green host, Bryopsis plumosa (Sparrow 1936). There is a single record of a red seaweed (Schmitziella endophloea) as an endophyte in Cladophora pellucida (Kylin 1956). 3.6.2. Occurrence of known pathogens in New Zealand The labyrinthulid Thraustochytrium proliferum has been isolated from Bryopsis plumosa and Cladophora sp. from Dunedin (Karling 1968). 3.7. XANTHOPHYCEAE 3.7.1. Known pathogens worldwide Viruses No virus infections have been reported for the Xanthophyceae. Bacteria No bacterial infections have been reported for the Xanthophyceae. 28 • Diseases, pathogens and parasites of Undaria pinnatifida MAF Biosecurity New Zealand
Animals A rotifer was reported to cause galls in Vaucheria sp. (Apt 1988b). Fungi No fungal infections have been reported for the Xanthophyceae. Other algae No algal infections have been reported for the Xanthophyceae. 3.7.2. Occurrence of known pathogens in New Zealand No infections have been reported for the Xanthophyceae in New Zealand. MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Diseases, pathogens and parasites of Undaria pinnatifida • 29
Page 1 and 2: Diseases, pathogens and parasites o
Page 3: Contents Page Executive Summary 1 O
Page 6 and 7: document the biodiversity and distr
Page 8 and 9: Biological invasions are understood
Page 10 and 11: Especially in older literature the
Page 12 and 13: 2.4. MAPPING The tender document sp
Page 14 and 15: 10 • Diseases, pathogens and para
Page 16 and 17: 3.2.2. Known pathogens in native ra
Page 18 and 19: A mycoplasma-like organism (MLO) ca
Page 20 and 21: Gametophytes of kelps themselves co
Page 22 and 23: infect Sargassum spp. in Australia,
Page 24 and 25: Navicula endophytica is a diatom li
Page 26 and 27: y conspicuous bright orange dots as
Page 28 and 29: Choreocolacaceae have been shown to
Page 30 and 31: pacifica, Sparlingia pertusa, and W
Page 34 and 35: 4. Discussion I: ASSESSMENT OF INFO
Page 36 and 37: al. 2003; Hubbard et al. 2004). One
Page 38 and 39: 7. References Abbott, I.A., Hollenb
Page 40 and 41: Anonymous, 1989. Culture of kelp (L
Page 42 and 43: Bouarab, K., Kloareg, B., Potin, P.
Page 44 and 45: Chesnoy, L., Jonsson, S., 1989. Hal
Page 46 and 47: Dangeard, P.A., 1931a. Observations
Page 48 and 49: Ezura, Y., Yamamoto, H., Kimura, T.
Page 50 and 51: Gerung, G.S., Yamamoto, H., 2002. T
Page 52 and 53: Hay, C.H., Luckens, P.A., 1987. The
Page 54 and 55: Kapp, M., Knippers, R., Müller, D.
Page 56 and 57: Kraft, G.T., 2003. The morphology o
Page 58 and 59: Lee, A.M., Ivey, R.G., Henry, E.C.,
Page 60 and 61: Moe, R.L.,Silva, P.C., 1989. Desmar
Page 62 and 63: Nielsen, J.E., Yu, S., Bojko, M., M
Page 64 and 65: Penot, M., Hourmant, A., Penot, M.,
Page 66 and 67: Raghukumar, C., 1987b. Fungal paras
Page 68 and 69: Sasaki, M., Sato, S., 1969. Composi
Page 70 and 71: Sotka, E.E., Hay, M.E., Thomas, J.D
Page 72 and 73: Tokida, J., 1960. Marine algae epip
Page 74 and 75: Verges, A., Izquierdo, C., Verlaque
Page 76 and 77: Wynne, M.J., 1970. Marine algae of
Page 78 and 79: Appendix 4. Map of known pathogens
Page 80 and 81: APPENDIX 1: Hierarchical Classifica
Page 82 and 83:
Superclass 2. Monadofilosa Class 1.
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Class 2. Gregarinea [e.g. Monocysti
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Infraphylum 2. Gnathostomata Subkin
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Class 1. Labyrinthulea [e.g. Labyri
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Chlorophyta Bryopsidophyceae Bryops
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Heterokontophyta Phaeophyceae Ectoc
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Heterokontophyta Phaeophyceae Ectoc
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Rhodophyta Bangiophyceae Bangiales
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Rhodophyta Florideophyceae Ceramial
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parasite on Rhodophyllis CHR364774:
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galls on Chaetangium "pycnidia - un
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100 • Diseases, pathogens and par
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Page 108:
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Diseases, pathogens and parasites of Undaria pinnatifida

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