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Appendix B.1 Geodetic Datums/Reference Systems Related to World Geodetic System 1984 (Through Satellite Ties) Local Geodetic Datum Associated*Reference Code Ellipsoid Montserrat Island Astro 1958 Clarke 1880 CD M'Poraloko Clarke 1880 CD Nahrwan Clarke 1880 CD Naparima, BWI International 1924 IN North American 1927 Clarke 1866 CC North American 1983 GRS 80** RF North Sahara 1959 Clarke 1880 CD Observatorio Meteorologico International 1924 IN 1939 Old Egyptian 1907 Helmert 1906 HE Old Hawaiian Clarke 1866 CC Old Hawaiian International 1924 IN Oman Clarke 1880 CD Ordnance Survey of Great Airy 1830 AA Britain 1936 Pico de las Nieves International 1924 IN Pitcairn Astro 1967 International 1924 IN Point 58 Clarke 1880 CD Pointe Noire 1948 Clarke 1880 CD Porto Santo 1936 International 1924 IN Provisional South American International 1924 IN 1956 Provisional South Chilean International 1924 IN 1963*** Puerto Rico Clarke 1866 CC Qatar National International 1924 IN Qornoq International 1924 IN Reunion International 1924 IN Rome 1940 International 1924 IN S-42 (Pulkovo 1942) Krassovsky 1940 KA Santo (DOS) 1965 International 1924 IN Sao Braz International 1924 IN Sapper Hill 1943 International 1924 IN * See Appendix A.1 for associated constants a,f. ** Geodetic Reference System 1980 *** Also known as Hito XVIII 1963 B.1-3
Appendix B.1 Geodetic Datums/Reference Systems Related to World Geodetic System 1984 (Through Satellite Ties) Local Geodetic Datum Associated*Reference Code Ellipsoid Schwarzeck Bessel 1841 BN Selvagem Grande 1938 International 1924 IN Sierra Leone 1960 Clark 1880 CD S-JTSK Bessel 1841 BR South American 1969 South American 1969 SA South American Geocentric GRS 80** RF Reference System (SIRGAS) South Asia Modified Fischer 1960 FA Timbalai 1948 Everest EB Tokyo Bessel 1841 BR Tristan Astro 1968 International 1924 IN Viti Levu 1916 Clarke 1880 CD Voirol 1960 Clarke 1880 CD Wake-Eniwetok 1960 Hough 1960 HO Wake Island Astro 1952 International 1924 IN Zanderij International 1924 IN * See Appendix A.1 for associated constants a,f. ** Geodetic Reference System 1980 B.1-4
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AMENDMENT 1 3 January 2000 DEPARTME
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PAGE B.7-6 The South American Geoce
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NIMA DEFINITION On 1 October 1996 t
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The National Imager
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National Imagery and Mapping Agency
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PREFACE This technical report defin
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The global geocen
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For Ocean Areas - Local Sounding Da
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AMENDMENT 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
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6.2.1 Formulas ....................
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1. INTRODUCTION The National Imager
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2. WGS 84 COORDINATE SYSTEM 2.1 Def
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Edition and Second Edition) between
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Table 2.2 Differences between WGS 8
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2.2.2.2 Tidal Effects Tidal phenome
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This page is intentionally blank 2-
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3.2 Defining Parameters 3.2.1 Semi-
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OCS orbit estimation process. Most
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Table 3.2 WGS 84 Parameter Values f
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3.3.2 Physical Constants In additio
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If the MKS (Meter-Kilogram-Second)
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⎛ 2 2 ⎞ ⎜ z u + E β = arctan
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The equations listed here for the a
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Pole Z Meridian Plane Reference γh
Page 51 and 52: 5.2 Gravity Potential (W) The Earth
Page 53 and 54: E-03=X10 -3 ; E-05=X10 -5 ; etc. Ta
Page 59 and 60: Table 5.2 EGM96 Gravity Anomaly Deg
Page 61 and 62: Table 5.2 EGM96 Gravity Anomaly Deg
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Page 65 and 66: about the density of masses between
Page 67: γ = Average value of normal gravit
Page 70 and 71: 7. WGS 84 RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER
Page 72 and 73: System, through a globally distribu
Page 74 and 75: f = flattening of the local geodeti
Page 76 and 77: 8. ACCURACY OF WGS 84 COORDINATES 8
Page 78 and 79: 8.2 Summary In summary, while WGS 8
Page 80 and 81: 9. IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES 9.1 In
Page 82 and 83: 9.1.3 Cartographic Applications The
Page 84 and 85: 10. CONCLUSIONS/SUMMARY The refined
Page 86 and 87: REFERENCES 1. IERS Technical Note 2
Page 88 and 89: 24. Ries, J.C., Eanes, R.J., Shum,
Page 90 and 91: APPENDIX A LIST OF REFERENCE ELLIPS
Page 92 and 93: REFERENCE ELLIPSOIDS FOR LOCAL GEOD
Page 94 and 95: Appendix A.1 Reference Ellipsoid Na
Page 96 and 97: APPENDIX B DATUM TRANSFORMATIONS DE
Page 98 and 99: DATUM TRANSFORMATION CONSTANTS GEOD
Page 100 and 101: Appendix B.1 Geodetic Datums/Refere
Page 104 and 105: Appendix B.2 Transformation Paramet
Page 140 and 141: Appendix B.10 Transformation Parame
Page 146 and 147: APPENDIX C DATUM TRANSFORMATIONS DE
Page 148 and 149: DATUM TRANSFORMATION CONSTANTS LOCA
Page 150 and 151: Appendix C.1 Local Geodetic Datums
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Appendix C.2 Non-Satellite Derived
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APPENDIX D MULTIPLE REGRESSION EQUA
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MULTIPLE REGRESSION EQUATIONS 1. GE
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Multiple Regression Equations (MREs
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APPENDIX E WGS 72 TO WGS 84 TRANSFO
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WGS 72 to WGS 84 TRANSFORMATION 1.
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APPENDIX F ACRONYMS F-1
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APPENDIX F ACRONYMS AGD 66 = Austra
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US = United States USNO = United St
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