Phragmites field guide: distinguishing native and exotic forms of ...

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*Ligule Length Native Introduced > 1 mm (1.0 - 1.7 mm) < 1mm (0.4 - 0.9 mm) Measurements of ligule length should include the hairy fringe of the ligule membrane. Measure at the center and on either side, and then take an average. Longer hairs break off easily and are not diagnostic. *Glume Length Upper glume Lower glume Introduced Lower glume: 2.5-5.0 mm (most 6.0 mm) Note: Measure from the base of the glume to its tip. Take measurements for at least 5 glumes (upper or lower) and then average. All photos by K. Saltonstall. 16
*Leaf Sheath Persistence Photos by R.E. Meadows. Native: Most leaf sheaths are missing or very loosely attached to over-wintering culms. Introduced: Most leaf sheaths are present and tightly adhering to culms. 17
Page 1: TECHNICAL NOTE USDA - Natural Resou
Page 4 and 5: Contents Page Title page………
Page 6 and 7: History of Introduction European fo
Page 8 and 9: Growth and Spread Spread of Phragmi
Page 10 and 11: Vegetative Characters Leaf blade an
Page 12 and 13: A Note of Caution The following pag
Page 14 and 15: Overview of Introduced Phragmites G
Page 18 and 19: Culm Color The red-purple coloratio
Page 20 and 21: Key to Lineages of Phragmites austr
Page 22 and 23: Image Credits Bernd Blossey Cornell

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