Phragmites field guide: distinguishing native and exotic forms of ...

Contents
Page
Title page……………………………………………………. 1
Preface…………………………………….………………… 3
Contents……………………………………………….…….. 4
Introduction…………………………………………….……. 5
What is Phragmites australis?.................................... 5
Cultural Importance and Uses…………….....……… 5
History of Introduction……………………..……….. 6
Ecological Threat…………………………………...... 6
Distribution of North American lineages…………… 6
Habitat……………………………………………… 7
Growth and Spread………………………………….. 8
Telling Native from Exotic……….…………………….…… 9
Morphological Characteristics……………………… 9
Vegetative Characters………………………………. 10
Floral Characters…………………………..……….. 11
Overview of Native Phragmites…………….….….. 13
Overview of Introduced Phragmites………………….. 14
Summary of Morphological Characters Used to distinguish
Native and Introduced Phragmites…………………….. 15
Key to the Lineages of North America Phragmites
australis……………………………………………... 20
References………………………………………….…….…. 21
Image Credits………………………………….……….…… 22
Information Sources…………………………………...…….. 23
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