Status of Soybean Rust in the Midsouthern United States - Plant ...
Status of Soybean Rust in the Midsouthern United States - Plant ...
Status of Soybean Rust in the Midsouthern United States - Plant ...
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<strong>Status</strong> <strong>of</strong> soybean rust <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
midsou<strong>the</strong>rn U.S.<br />
ALLEN, T.W., Hollier, C.A., Monfort, S.,<br />
Padgett, G.B., and Coker, C.<br />
2009 <strong>Soybean</strong> <strong>Rust</strong> Symposium<br />
New Orleans, LA<br />
December 9, 2009
Acknowledgements<br />
• USDA; AR, LA, MS soybean producers; USB,<br />
NCSRP; BASF (Alv<strong>in</strong> Rhodes); IPM-pipe;<br />
Sou<strong>the</strong>rn IPM Center; MS <strong>Soybean</strong> Promotion<br />
Board; NCERA 208<br />
• AR: Terry Kirkpatrick, Rick Cartwright, John Rupe, Jeremy Ross, Amanda<br />
Greer, Amy Carroll, Michael Emerson, Jason Fortner, Sherrie Smith, Kim<br />
Rowe, Julie Rob<strong>in</strong>son, hourly employees (11), county agents (37)<br />
• LA: Patricia Bollich, Myra Purvis<br />
• MS: Andy Mill<strong>in</strong>g, Billy Moore, Jack Bridgers, Malcolm Broome, Trey Koger,<br />
Alan Bla<strong>in</strong>e, Alan Henn, Brian Ward, Mitt Wardlaw, Ben Sp<strong>in</strong>ks, Cliff Bice
Midsouth soybeans<br />
Acres per county/parish<br />
0-985<br />
988-5,187<br />
5,188-10,128<br />
10,131-24,708<br />
24,710-49,418<br />
49,420-74,870<br />
74,872-100,322<br />
100,324-151,967<br />
151,969-187,799
USDA <strong>Plant</strong>s Database: kudzu<br />
• USDA estimates:<br />
– AR – 10,091<br />
– LA – 4,824<br />
– MS – 250,000<br />
http://plants.usda.gov/java/pr<strong>of</strong>ile?symbol=PUMOL
"Cotton isn't k<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> South anymore.<br />
Kudzu is k<strong>in</strong>g!"<br />
-Chann<strong>in</strong>g Cope<br />
• Kudzu acres:<br />
– AR ≈ 150,000<br />
– LA ≈ 100,000<br />
– MS ≈ 250,000
Response <strong>of</strong> kudzu to P. pachyrhizi is variable<br />
• Highlighted <strong>in</strong>:<br />
– Bonde, M. R., Nester, S. E., Moore, W. F., and<br />
Allen, T. W. 2009. Comparative susceptibility<br />
<strong>of</strong> kudzu accessions from <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>astern<br />
<strong>United</strong> <strong>States</strong> to <strong>in</strong>fection by Phakopsora<br />
pachyrhizi. <strong>Plant</strong> Dis. 93:593-598.<br />
• 51 kudzu sites <strong>in</strong> MS:<br />
– Red-brown = 33.3%<br />
– Tan = 29.4%<br />
– Mixed = 29.4%<br />
– Immune = 7.8%
Legend<br />
2009 survey <strong>of</strong> kudzu sites<br />
" negative<br />
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2009 survey <strong>of</strong> kudzu sites<br />
• Surveyed 234 kudzu sites <strong>in</strong> 26 counties<br />
Reaction<br />
Bonde et al.<br />
Number <strong>of</strong><br />
sites<br />
Percent<br />
Negative Immune 20 8.55<br />
Positive L Red-brown 50 21.37<br />
Positive L-M 22 9.40<br />
Positive M Mixed 37 15.81<br />
Positive M-H 14 5.98<br />
91.45%<br />
Positive H Tan 91 38.89<br />
234
2009 soybean crop<br />
• Midsouth statistics:<br />
– Approximately 7 million acres<br />
• 26% <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> total acres s<strong>in</strong>ce 2007<br />
• Approximately 9% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> national soybean acres<br />
• Typically MG IV and V soybeans<br />
– Double-crop soybeans follow<strong>in</strong>g wheat<br />
• AR ≈ 300,000 Acres<br />
• LA ≈ 50,000 Acres<br />
• MS ≈ 275,000 Acres<br />
– As <strong>of</strong> today, 213 <strong>of</strong> 221 positive counties/parishes<br />
• 59 kudzu, 154 soybeans<br />
• 96.4% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> counties/parishes were positive
2009 soybean rust scout<strong>in</strong>g program<br />
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2009 statistics:<br />
• 63 soybean sent<strong>in</strong>el<br />
plots<br />
• Scouted 1,658 unique<br />
locations<br />
– 816 kudzu<br />
– 835 soybean<br />
– 7 coral bean<br />
• 213 counties/parishes<br />
conta<strong>in</strong>ed soybean rust<br />
<strong>in</strong>fected plant material<br />
2009 Midsouth SBR scout<strong>in</strong>g<br />
# kudzu<br />
XW<br />
^<br />
coral bean<br />
soybean sent<strong>in</strong>el plots<br />
! production soybean fields
Number <strong>of</strong> counties<br />
600<br />
550<br />
500<br />
450<br />
6 years <strong>of</strong> soybean rust<br />
400<br />
350<br />
Nation<br />
Midsouth<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
31.6%<br />
50<br />
0<br />
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009<br />
Year
Regional telephone hotl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
(1-866-641-1847)
National Agricultural Statistics Crop Progress for Week End<strong>in</strong>g 5/03/2009<br />
This Week Previous Week 2008 5-year Avg.<br />
AR LA MS AR LA MS AR LA MS AR LA MS<br />
<strong>Plant</strong>ed 23 42 62 12 34 33 18 55 55 25 48 71<br />
Emerged 9 ….. 19 3 ….. 10 6 ….. 33 13 ….. 49<br />
National Agricultural Statistics Crop Progress for Week End<strong>in</strong>g 6/08/2009<br />
This Week Previous Week 2008 5-year Avg.<br />
AR LA MS AR LA MS AR LA MS AR LA MS<br />
<strong>Plant</strong>ed 55 90 91 45 88 83 67 92 95 82 90 98<br />
Emerged 44 79 84 34 71 70 50 84 88 69 83 97<br />
Bloom<strong>in</strong>g ….. ….. 9 ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. 21 ….. ….. 27<br />
National Agricultural Statistics Crop Progress for Week End<strong>in</strong>g 7/12/2009<br />
This Week Previous Week 2008 5-year Avg.<br />
AR LA MS AR LA MS AR LA MS AR LA MS<br />
<strong>Plant</strong>ed 100 ….. ….. 97 ….. ….. 98 ….. ….. 99 ….. …..<br />
Emerged 97 ….. 100 93 ….. 99 93 ….. 100 97 ….. 100<br />
Bloom<strong>in</strong>g 36 77 85 26 70 74 25 69 90 47 78 92<br />
Pod-set 11 65 56 3 57 42 9 46 59 21 57 69
Macon, MS (east side <strong>of</strong> state)<br />
Ra<strong>in</strong>fall <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>ches<br />
Average maximum temperature<br />
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009<br />
April<br />
May<br />
June<br />
July<br />
August<br />
September<br />
74.9 81.2 73.8 75.4 74.2<br />
6.5 2.3 1.7 3.5 2.5<br />
81.7 83.6 85.7 82.4 80.5<br />
4.9 3.8 1.1 4.3 6.9<br />
88.1 92.1 93.1 90.7 91.2<br />
5.1 0.9 1.1 2.9 2.1<br />
89.8 95.4 89.8 92.9 88.6<br />
9.0 4.5 3.6 4.3 5.7<br />
93.1 95.7 99.9 88.4 87.5<br />
2.3 2.1 0.5 9.2 3.4<br />
89.1 86.7 89.1 84.5 85.4<br />
2.4 1.3 3.5 2.1 6.8
Stoneville, MS (west side <strong>of</strong> state)<br />
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009<br />
April<br />
May<br />
June<br />
July<br />
August<br />
September<br />
76.1 80.5 73.2 74.3 74.9<br />
4.5 7.4 3.4 8.0 3.0<br />
83.7 84.3 85.7 82.1 80.3<br />
2.1 2.9 1.3 6.9 13.5<br />
89.7 91.0 91.3 91.4 92.6<br />
0.7 1.8 3.9 0.4 0.3<br />
91.0 93.1 88.5 94.8 89.6<br />
4.2 1.8 7.6 1.6 8.0<br />
95.2 95.9 98.1 89.1 90.4<br />
5.0 1.6 3.4 6.0 1.4<br />
91.3 86.7 87.9 84.3 87.2<br />
7.0 2.7 4.7 12.2 5.9
Yield bu/a<br />
LA Yield Results for Treated vs. Untreated Commercial<br />
Fields for SBR<br />
31.9% 7.3% 6.8% 22.1% 17.9%<br />
Year
© Tom Allen
© Tom Allen
© Tom Allen
4 oz strobilur<strong>in</strong> @ R4<br />
≈ 60 bu/A<br />
NO FUNGICIDE<br />
= 45 bu/A<br />
© Tom Allen
Julian Day<br />
LA Date <strong>of</strong> First Observation <strong>of</strong> SBR by Host<br />
Year
What does <strong>the</strong> future hold?<br />
• Longevity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> network?<br />
• Commodity outlook<br />
– If cotton prices stay low and bean prices stay<br />
high……<br />
• Impact to soybean production<br />
– midsouth producers feel <strong>the</strong>y are better manag<strong>in</strong>g<br />
soybeans because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disease as a whole
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