Swadhyay Manobodh

ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY
(_Zmo~moYmdarb àdMZo)
d
lr Xmg~moYm§VJ©V Xe~moY
àH$meH$ …
S>m°. ^mñH$a Ho$ed àmUr,
_mYdnoR>, nmÊ`mÀ`m Q>mH$s Odi,
{_aO - 416 410
XyaÜd{Z … 0233-2220717
nwZ_w©ÐU …
{X. 3 Owb¡¡, 2012 (Jwénm¡{U©_m)
© gd© hŠH$ àH$meH$mMo ñdmYrZ.
"ñd' åh{UOo AmË_m OmUŸ& Vo R>m`t {ZË` AZwg§YmZŸ&
Vmo "ñdmÜ`m`' åhUVr gkmZŸ& kmZ{dMjU {ZOÐï>oŸ&&
(EH$ZmW ^mJdV 17-333)
_wë` - 170/- ê$.
_wÐH$ …
O. à. _hm~i
JOmZZ _wÐUmb`,
{_aO - 416 410
XyaÜd{Z … 0233-2222645
àdMZH$ma … H¡$. _m. S>m°. am. X. VWm XmXmgmho~ àmUr,
M.B.B.S. {_aO
`m J«§WmVrb boIZmMo nwZ_w©ÐU, ^mfm§Va BË`mXr H$maUm§gmR>r dmna, CVmè`m§Mm AÝ`
J«§WmV g_mdoe AmXr H$moUË`mhr H$maUmgmR>r Cn`moJ H$amd`mMm Pmë`mg S>m°. ^mñH$a
Ho$ed àmUr `m§Mr boIr nyd©nadmZJr KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho, `mMr H¥$n`m Zm|X ¿`mdr.

* àH$meH$mMo _ZmoJV *
"ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY' `m nwñVH$mMr _wb^yV g§H$ënZm Am{U _m§S>Ur
_mPo AmOmo~m H¡$. S>m°. am. X. C\©$ XmXm àmUr `m§Mr hmoVr. d¡Ú{H$` joÌmV H$m`©aV
AgyZ gwÕm g§VdmS>…_`mMm Ë`m§Mm Mm§Jbm Amä`mg hmoVm. {edm` `m {df`m§da
Vo àdMZhr H$aV hmoVo. `mM Xaå`mZ, PmbmdoXm§V àmB©O {_idbobo H¡$. h.^.n.
lr. haoam_n§V ~moS>g `m§À`m àdMZ_mbm, _¡XmZ XÎm _§{Xa, {_aO `oWo Am`moOrV
Ho$ë`m OmV AgV, gmYmaU 1960 gmbmÀ`m Xaå`mZ, àmH¥$VrH$ AñdmñÏ`m_wio
H¡$. ~moS>g `m§Zm àdMZm§_Yo AS>Wio OmUdy bmJbo. lr. ~moS>g `m§Mo Á`m {df`mda
àdMZ Mmby hmoVo, VmoM {df` H¡$. XmXm§À`mH$S>o gwnyV© H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVbm.
H¡$. XmXm§Zr Vmo {df` AË`§V gMmoQ>rZo OZ_mZgmg_moa _m§Sy>Z nwU©Ëdmbm Zobm.
{edm` Xmg~moY, kmZoídar, A_¥VmZw^d Am{U _Zmo~moY `mgma»`m AZoH$ J«§Wm§da
àdMZo Pmbr. _Zmo~moYmda àdMZ H$aVmZm, H¡$. XmXm§Zr "ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY' `m
nwñVH$mMo boIZ hmVr KoVbo.
d§XZr` H¡$. XmXm§Mo ~Ôb {bhmdo VodT>o WmoS>oM Amho. Ë`m§Mo~Ôb
h. ^. n. ~moS>g Jwê$OtZr åhQ>bo hmoVo … S>m°. àmUr ñdV… H$_© CnmgZm, kmZ,
d¡am½`-{dMma, `m {dMmam§Mo YZr AgyZht ñdV…bm "YÝ`mMm h_mb' "\w$bo Jw§\$Umam
\w$bmar' BË`m{X Z_« ê$nH$m§Mm Aml` H$ê$Z AmË_{ZdoXZ H$aVmV. nU Vo ^damoJ
~am H$aÊ`mg {Z{_Îm Pmbo Agë`mZo "{Z{_ÎmmMm YZr Ho$bm Ago àmUr' ho
ê$nH$M Ë`m§Zm eãXe… bmJy nS>Vo! ^OZ-H$sV©Z-àdMZ `m {Ì{dY gmYZmZr
Ë`m§Zr OZVoV na_mW© {df`H$ OmJ¥Vr Ho$br d Amnë`m _Yya d ^mdnyU© ^OZmZo
^ŠVrag MmI{dbm.
gd©gmYmaU ì`mdhm[aH$ OrdZnÕVr Adb§~V AgVmZm, _mojmn`ªV
Ho$bobr dmQ>Mmb Am{U Ë`m AZwf§JmZr, _Zwî`mMr {dMmaYmaUm Am{U Ë`mMo hmoUmao
XwaJm_r n[aUm_, Agm A{Ve` AdKS> {df`, _m{_©H$ Am{U gmoß`m eãXmV,
lr. g_WmªZr OZ_Zmda éOdbm Amho. Ë`mMr aMZm "ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY' `m
nwñVH$mVyZ {XgVo.
`m nwñVH$mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ, _Zwî`mMr ñdm^m{dH$d¥Îmr Am{U Am`wî`mH$S>o
~KÊ`mMm Ñï>rH$moZ, OrdZmgmR>r `mo½` H$s A`mo½` Am{U Ë`mgmR>r Amnbr
{dMmaYmam H$er Agmdr Am{U Vr VerM AI§S> dmhVr R>odÊ`mgmR>r AmÜ`mpË_H$
AmMaU H$go Agmdo, `mMr nwU© AmoiI H$ê$Z {Xbr Amho. AÜ`mË_mMm dmna
Ho$di d¡`ŠVrH$ gwImgmR>r qH$dm BÀN>mnwVugmR>r eñÌ åhUyZ Z H$aVm, _ZmMo
g_mYmZ Am{U na_oídamer OdirH$ gmYÊ`mgmR>r H$amdm, ho \$maM CËH¥$ð> nÕVrZo
gm§JrVbo Amho. "~«÷ gË`§ OJÝ_rËÏ`m' `m _hmdmŠ`mMm Iè`m AWm©Zo ì`mdhm[aH$
OrdZmV Adb§~ H$aUo Am{U Ë`m`moJo CÎm_moÎm_ {dMmam§Mr OmonmgZm H$aUo, `m
Jmoï>r ghOVoZo _m§S>ë`m Joë`m AmhoV.
`m g§H$ënZo_wio AmO AZoH$ Xmg~moY Aä`mgH$ d g_W© ào_r _§S>ir_Yo
`m J«§WmMr _mJUrhr gVV dmT>V Amho, n[aUm_r, Ë`mMr nwV©Vm H$aÊ`mgmR>r
J«§WmMo nwZ_w©ÐU H$arV AmhmoV.
AënmdYrV CËH¥$ï> J«§W N>mnÊ`mMo H$m_ lr. O`§V à. _hm~i `m§Zr
Ho$bo VgoM Ë`m H$m_mV _mPo {_Ì lr. Z§X{H$emoa X. ^Q> `m§Zr Ë`m§Zm _XV Ho$br
Ë`m§Mo Am^ma.
lr g_W© H¥$noZo ""ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moYmÀ`m'' `m nwZ_w©{ÐV Amd¥ÎmrMo
Xmg~moY Aä`mgH$ d g_W© ào_tMo H$Sy>Z ñdmJV hmodmo hr àmW©Zm !
***
S>m°. lr. ^mñH$a Ho$ed àmUr
gm¡. gm{ZH$m ^mñH$a àmUr
VrZ ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY Mma

H¡$. XmXm§Mo {ZdoXZ
lr _¡XmZ XÎm_§{Xa `m {R>H$mUr ""ñdmÜ`m` _§S>imMo dVrZ| Xa a{ddmar
àdMZmMm H$m`©H«$_ Jobr drg df} Mmby Amho. J«§W gm§JUoMm Pmbm H$s¨ Ë`mMm
Aä`mg hmoVmo hm hoVy _Zm§V Yê$Z {_aO `oWrb à{gÕ ZmJ[aH$ d _mPo {_Ì
h. ^. n. lr. haoam_n§V ~moS>g E_². E., ~r. Q>r. `m§Zr `m _§S>imMr ñWmnZm
Ho$br. EH$_oH$m§À`m ghH$m`m©Zo kmZoœar, VwH$mo~m§Mo H$mhr A^§J, ZmW ^mJdV,
Xmg~moY, n. ny. lr dmgwXodmZ§X gañdVr `m§Mo XÎm_hmËå` BË`m{X J«§W
gm§JyZ Pmbo. Ë`mZ§Va _ZmMo ûcmoH$m§da àdMZo Mmby H$amdrV Ago dmQy> bmJbo
d `m {dMmambm H$mhr {_Ìm§H$Sy>Z àmoËgmhZhr {_imbo. _ZmMo ûcmoH$m§Mo _hÎd
d Mmby n[apñWVrV Ë`m§Mr Amdí`H$Vm `m g§~§YrMm {dMma n{hë`m àmñV{dH$
àdMZm§V _r _m§S>bm Amho.
_ZmV nwîH$i `oVo, nU Vo H¥$VrV `oUo AdKS> OmVo. _ZmMo ûcmoH$m§da
lr. Xod, lr. Vwinwio, lr. AmR>ë`o, lr. AdYyV ñdm_r lr {b_`o BË`mXr
g‚mZm§Mo {bImU CnbãY Agë`m_wio Vo nm{hbo. ~hþVoH$m§Zr Amnmnë`m _VmZwgma
Ho$di ûcmoH$mW©M {Xbm Amho. åhUyZ _mJ©Xe©ZmW© lr. Xod `m§Zr {Xbobo eãXmW© d
AmYma^yV CVmao J«mø _mZyZ g§V g‚mZm§À`m {dMmamZoM ûcmoH$m§Zm gOdyZ
Ë`m§Mm {dñVma H$amdm Ago dmQ>bo. ho gm§JÊ`mVrb hoVy EdT>mM Amho, H$s ho
_Zmo~moYê$nr gyÌmV g§V g‚mZm§À`m dmL²>_`ê$n ~mJ~JrÀ`mVrb ~ar dmQ>bobr
nwîno doMyZ hr àdMZ_mbm Jw§\$Ê`mMo Ho$di \w$bmè`mMo H$m_ boIH$mZo Ho$bo
Amho. _mbm gw§Xa, CR>mdXma, gwJ§Yr Z dmQ>ë`mg Vmo Xmof \w$bmè`mMm Amho,
nwînm§Mm AJa V§VyMm Zìho.
n{hbo àdMZ {X. 28 \o$~«wdmar 1965 amoOr Pmbo d AmOn`ªV 76
ûcmoH$ gm§JyZ Pmbo. 76 ûcmoH$m§V "à^mVo _Zr am_ qMVrV Omdm' ho gXa
nyU© hmoVo. nwZ… VmoM {df` Amboë`m Aem H$mhr {R>H$mUr {ddoMZmV AWdm
ñnï>rH$aUmW© {Xboë`m AmYmam§V nwZéº$s Agë`mMr OmUrd boIH$mg Amho.
nwZéº$s hm Xmof g_Obm OmVmo. na§Vw àdMZm§V lmoË`m§Zm nyd© {df`mMo nwZ…
ñ_aU H$ê$Z Úmdo bmJVo. Am{U VÎdkmZmgmaIm {df` R>gUogmR>r nwZéº$s
H$amdr Aer g_WmªMr nÕV Amho. V¡g| ldU _ZZ Ÿ& Ho$b|{M H$amd|Ÿ &&
(Xm. 7-8-47) {ddab|{M {ddamd|Ÿ & nwÝhm {Zê$nUtŸ && (Xm. 11-5-1) åhUyZ
H$mhr {R>H$mUr àdMZmV Ambobr nwZéº$s nwñVH$mV VerM R>odbr Amho.
ñdV…Mm Aä`mg `m hoVyZoM _Zmo~moYmdarb àdMZo Mmby AmhoV. bmoH$m§Zm
kmZXmZ H$aUo BVnV boIH$mMr nmÌVm Zmhr.
_Zmo~moYmda àdMZo gwê$ H$aVmZm Vr N>mnyZ nwñVH$ ê$nmZo à{gÕ
hmoÊ`mMm `moJ `oB©b ho ñdßZrhr ZìhoV. nU {_aOoVrb AÜ`mË_ào_r ZmJ[aH$m§Mo
A§V…H$aUmV ñ\w$abobr à{gÕrH$aUmMr hr àoaUm nmhÿZ d H$mhr KSy>Z Amboë`m
KQ>Zm§dê$Z H$Vm©H$a{dVm EH$ na_mË_mM AgyZ {Z{_ÎmmMm YZr Ho$bm Ago àmUr hr
VwH$mo~m§Mr gË`dmUr _mÌ àË``mg Ambr.
Var Ý`yZ V| nwaV|Ÿ & A{YH$ V| gaV| Ÿ&&
H$ê${Z Ko`md| h| Vw_V| Ÿ& {dZ{dVw Ag| Ÿ&& (km. 1-80)
H$m{V©H$ ewŸ&& 8 eHo$ 1888
{X. 13-11-66
{_aO.
am. X. àmUr
nmM ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY ghm

d§XZr` lr. JwidUr_hmamO `m§Mm
nyduÀ`m ^mJ 1 d 2 gmR>r
Amerdm©X
Ÿ&& lr JUoeXÎmJwéä`moZ_…Ÿ &&
^mJ 1
_Zm M§XZmMo nar Ëdm§ {POmdoŸ & nar A§Var g‚mZm Zrddmdo Ÿ&&
`m g_Ï`mªÀ`m AmXoemà_mU|, OrdZ H¥$VmW© H$aUmao _mZZr` XmXmgmho~
àmUr, `m§Mm gËH$ma d Ë`m§À`m _Zmo~moYmdarb àdMZm§Mo àH$meZ, hr gËH$m`}
{_aO `oWrb {dÛËgËH$ma g{_VrH$Sy>Z KSy>Z `oV AmhoV, ho {VÀ`m Zm§dmbm
C{MV AgoM hmoV Amho. B©eH¥$noZo JwUr d JwUk `m§Mm g_Ýd` `m H$m`m©Mo
ê$nmZo KSy>Z `oV Amho, hr g_mYmZmMr Jmoï> Amho.
"gd©…H$mÝV_mË_r` ní`{V' `m dmŠ`mZo Xe©{dbobm "AmË_d§MZm'
hm _hmXmof, hmbmhb {dfmà_mUo gd©Ì ngê$Z am{hbm Amho. amï´>KmVH$ AnamY
H$ê$Zhr Ý`m`mb`mV AmnU {ZXm}fr R>abmo, åhUOo Pmbo `m d¥Îmr_wio gyº$mgyº$
dmQ>ob Ë`m Cnm`mZo Amnbo {ZXm}fËd ^mgdbo OmV Amho. `mV bmoH$d§MZm d
AmË_d§MZm Amnë`m hmVyZ KS>V Amho, BH$S>o H$moUmMo bj Zmhr. Xoh~wÕrMmM
{dH$mg A{YH$m{YH$ hmoV Amho. Aem ^`mZH$ pñWVrV _Zmo~moYgma»`m
g§Vm§À`m gd© bmoH$monH$maH$ J«§WmMm d Aem J«§WmMo {ZË` _ZZ H$aUmè`m
g‚mZm§À`m {dMmam§Mm àgma gd©Ì H$aUo, hoM Iao amï´>mMo {hV gmYUmao H$m`©
Amho. ho H$m`© H$arV AgUmè`m {dÛËgËH$ma g{_Vrg _Z…nyd©H$ YÝ`dmX !
lr. XmXmgmho~m§Zm B©eH¥$noZo {XKm©`wî` bm^yZ Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z `m nwT>ohr
g{ÛMma àgmamMo H$m`© Aì`mhV Mmby amhmo, Am{U, _Zm dmgZm dmgwXodr dgmo
Xo Ÿ& _Zm H$m_Zm H$m_g§Jr Zgmo Xo Ÿ&& _Zm H$ënZm dmD$Jr Vo Z H$sOo Ÿ& _Zm
g‚mZm g‚mZr dpñV H$sOo Ÿ&& `m lrg_WmªÀ`m na__§Jb AmXoemMo {ZË` nmbZ
g_ï>r _ZmH$Sy>Z hmoV amhmo hrM gdmªV`m©_r lrdmgwXodmOdi AI§S> àmW©Zm.
Am{œZ nm¡U©_mgr 1888
e{Zdma {X. 29-10-66
g‚mZ{dYo`
dm. X. JwidUr
lrdmgwXod {Zdmg H$d} nW, nwUo 4.
^mJ 2
lrJwamo VwPr _mZdr VZy Ÿ& h§gê${nUr {gÕ AmgZ² Ÿ&&
X§S> nmÌ H$mfm` A§~a Ÿ& A§Vat dgmo Xo {Za§Va Ÿ&&
lr_mZ² ^JdX²^{º$àdU lr. XmXmgmho~ àmUr `m§À`m _Zmo~moYmdarb
àdMZmMm n{hbm ^mJ VrZ dfm©nydu {dÛËgËH$ma g{_VrH$Sy>Z àH$m{eV
Pmbm AgyZ AmO hm Xwgam ^mJ àH$m{eV hmoV Amho. hmhr ^mJ Ë`m§À`m XoIV
àH$m{eV hmoÊ`mMm `moJ O_bm Zmht hr EH$ Ý`yZVm, ì`dhmaÑï>tZ| H$Xm{MV²
{dfmXOZH$ dmQ>br Var, Vt ê$nmnojm Zm_mMo A^§JËd Xe©dyZ am{hbr Amho,
h|hr EH$ d¡{eîR>çM KSy>Z `oV Amho, Ag| _mZÊ`mg haH$V Zmht. "{Z{_ÎmmMm
YZr Ho$bm Ago àmUr' `mà_mUo ^º$ Oar Amnë`m H¥$Vr~Ôb Cnojm XmIdrV
Agbm Var "Zwnojr H$Xm am_Xmgm{^_mZr' `mà_mU| Xmgm{^_mZr ^JdmZ²
^º$H$m`m©~Ôb Cnojm, ^º$mMr BÀN>m Agbr Var, H$YtM H$arV Zmht, h|M
{gÕ hmoV Zmhr H$m` ?
"_Zm g‚mZm amKdt dpñV H$sOo' hm g_WmªMm _Zmbm _w»` ~moY Amho.
nU "A{V H$m_ Ë`m am_ {MÎmt dgoZm' Ag|hr g_W© gm§JVmV. H$m_ hm Va
\$ma _mo>R>m Xmof Amho. ^JdV²gmjmËH$mamZ§Vahr `mbm {^D$Z "H$m_m§Zm öÚg§amoh§
^dVñVw d¥Uo da_²' Agm da lr àëhmXOtZt à^yOdi _m{JVbm Amho. VWm{n
"_wIt am_ Ë`m H$m_ ~mY§y eHo$Zm', Agm `m XmofmMm à{V~§YH$ Cnm`ht
g_WmªZr XmI{dbobm Amho. `mà_mUo à{V~§YH$ Xmof d Vmo Xya H$aÊ`mM| gmYZ
gm§JyZ amKdê$nr _ZmMr pñWaVm h| \$b _Zmo~moYm§V gm§{JVb| Amho.
"{MÎm¡H$mJ«` Vw g„ú`o g_mYmZ{_Vr[aV_²' Ag| g_mYmZmM| ñdê$n lr
e§H$amMm`©hr gm§JVmV. Am{U "namo {h `moJmo _Zg… g_m{Y…' Ago `mM| _hÎd
lr ^JdmZ² ì`º$ H$aVmV. _Zwî` OÝ_m§VM g_OUmam hm gd© {dMma `m
{ddaUm§V S>m°. àmUr `m§Zr gà_mU, _ZZnyd©H$ _m§S>bobm Amho. `mMm Aä`mg
{Okmgw gmYH$m§H$Sy>Z hmoV amhÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZ| ho àH$meZ AË`§V Cn`wº$
R>aUma| Amho `m§V g§e` Zmht.
H«$_r doi Omo VÎdqMVmZwdmX|Ÿ &
Z qbno H$Xm X§^dmXo {ddmX| Ÿ&
H$ar gyIg§dmX Omo D$J_mMm Ÿ&
OJr YÝ` Vmo Xmg gdm}Îm_mMm Ÿ&&
`m ûcmoH$m§V g_WmªZr gm§{JVë`mà_mU| dmJyZ Amnë`m OÝ_mMo gmW©H$ H$aUmao
gmV ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY AmR>

lr. XmXmgmho~ àmUr `m§Mm J«§W `m íbmoH$m§V d{U©boë`m d Ë`m§Zr g§nmXZ
Ho$boë`m gdm}Îm_Xmg bjUmMoM \$i Amho, ho bjmV AmUyZ dmMH$m§Zthr V|
g§nmXZ H$aÊ`mH$[aVm à`ËZerb amhÿZ YÝ` ìhmd|, hrM Ë`m gdm}Îm_ à^yOdi
àmW©Zm.
lrdmgwXod {Zdmg, H$d}_mJ©, nwUo 4.
gXÝVodmgr,
M¡Ì ewÜX à{VnXm, ^m¡_dma, 1892
dm. X. JwidUr
&& lram_ &&
{_aOoMo S>m°, àmUr `m§Mm ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY nyduM dmMyZ nyU© Ho$bm
hmoVm. _Zmo~moYmMm A{Ve` CËH¥$ï> AW© Ë`m§Zr {Xbm Amho. AmíM`© Ago
H$s Vmo J«§W Ë`m§Zr _mÂ`mH$S>o ~Kmd`mg nmR>{dbm Am{U _r H$mhr Ë`m§Zm
{Zamon XoÊ`mnyduM Ë`m§Zr B©hbmoH$sMm {Zamon KoVbm. _Zmo~moYmda Iyn OUm§Zr
{b{hbo Amho. S>m°. n«mUr `m§Mo {ddoMZ A{Ve` _m{_©H$ Am{U VH©$ewÜX Pmbo
Amho. _r H$m§hr XmoZ eãX Ë`m~Ôb {bhmdo Agm {Zamon Ambm, Voìhm _r
hm°pñnQ>b_Ü`o hmoVmo. AmOhr AmOmar Amho. Ë`m_wio _bm \$ma H$m§hr {b{hVm
Ambo Zmhr. Var ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moYmgmaIo J«§W g_mOmÀ`m gdmªJrU CÞ{VgmR>r
Am{U nma_m{W©H$ {dMmam§gmR>r AË`§V Amdí`H$ Ago AmhoV. øm J«§Wm~Ôb
Ë`m§Zm YÝ`dmX XoD$ {VVHo$ WmoS>oM AmhoV.
{X. 15-12-91
Amnë`m gdmªMm {dZrV,
ñdm_r _mYdZmW
&& lr nm§Sw>a§J àgÞ &&
Yw§S>m_hmamO XoJbyaH$a
n§T>anya - 413 304
XoJbya - 431 717
A{^àm`
H¡$. S>m°. XmXmgmho~ àmUr ho qMVZerb ì`{º$_Ëd hmoVo. AÜ`mpË_H$
CÜXmoY H$aÊ`mMo H$m`© Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m àdMZm§À`m Ûmao {_aOo_Ü`o {Zð>oZo Ho$bo.
lrg_WmªÀ`m _Zmo~moYmdarb Ë`m§Mo _ybJ«mhr {ddoMZ gmYH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo \$ma
CËH¥$ï> Ago Pmbo. Ë`m§Zr `m {df`mda Ho$bobr àdMZo Va bmoH${à` PmbrM
nU Vr àdMZo "ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY' `m Zm§dmZo J«§WmÛmao à{gÜX H$ê$Z Oo H$m`©
H$aÊ`mV Ambo Vo \$ma _mobmMo Pmbo. lrg_WmªMm _Zmo~moY hm _mUgmÀ`m
ì`º$s d g_mO åhUyZ hmoUmè`m XwJ©Vrda EH$ à^mdr Am¡fY Amho.
ûcmoH$mûcmoH$mVyZ WmoS>Š`mV gyÌ_` nÜXVrZo ì`{º$JV d gm_m{OH$ OrdZ
H$m`©àdU, Xj, ewÜX d {ddoH$g§nÞ H$aÊ`mMo nmR> ømVyZ XoÊ`mV Ambo
AmhoV. Ë`m§Mo qMVZ Amnë`mbm {ZË` gmdY R>odUmao Amho. Vo H$go H$amdo
Ë`mMo CÎm_ _mJ©Xe©Z H¡$. S>m°. lr. XmXmgmho~ àmUr `m§À`m "ñdmÜ`m`
_Zmo~moYm§VyZ' hmoVo.
`m J«§WmÀ`m àW_ àH$meZmMo g_`r _r CnpñWV hmoVmo. Ë`m_wio
`m J«§WmMr {ÛVr` Amd¥Îmr à{gÜX hmoV Amho d J«§W bmoH${à` hmoVmo Amho
`mMm _bm AmZ§X Pmbm. gmYH$m§Zr lr g_WmªZr XmI{dboë`m _mJm©Zo Amnë`m
_Zmbmhr gÝ_mJm©H$S>o didmdo. `m H$m`m©V lr. àmUr `m§Mm hm J«§W AË`§V
Cn`wº$ R>aob Agm _bm {dœmg Amho.
lrg_W© dmL²>_`n«o_r Á`m _§S>itZr ho àH$meZmMo H$m`© hmVr KoVbo
Ë`m§Zm YÝ`dmX d ew^oÀN>m.
lr joÌ n§T>anya.
^mÐnX ew. 11, eHo$ 1913
Yw§S>m _hmamO XoJbyaH$a
ZD$ ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY Xhm

nwîn 1 bo ""ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY'' darb
n. ny. JmoidbH$aJwê$Or, ZmJnya
`m§Mm
A{^n«m`
amï´>r` ñd`§godH$ g§K,
S>m°. hoS>Jodma ^dZ
H|$Ð ZmJnya. ZmJnya 2.
nÌ H«$. 964 {X. 20/7/67
_mÝ`da S>m°. nQ>dY©Z `m§grào_nyd©H$
gm. Z. {d. {d.
^mJ 1
{XZm§H$ 13/7 bm Amnbr _mZZr` S>m°. XmXmgmho~ àmUr
`m§Mog_doV ^oQ> Pmbr hmoVr. "_Zmo~moYm'darb Ë`m§Mo àdMZm§Mm n{hbm
^mJ, íbmoH$ 1 Vo 76 n`ªVMm AmnU _bm {Xbm hmoVm. àdmgm§V Vmo
g§nyU© dmMyZ H$mT>bm. {dñVma Q>miÊ`mñVd Pmboë`m à`ËZm§VyZ H$m§ht
{R>H$mUt WmoS>m VwQ>H$nUm Ambobm Agbm, Var EHy$U {ddoMZ ""{Od§V
d n«oaUmàX'' CVab| Amho. N>mnrb {ddoMZ _yi ^mfUm§Mo _mZmZo WmoS>|M
AgUma. V|{h BVHo$ CX²~moYH$ Amho, Voìhm§ Á`m§Zr àË`j Ë`m§À`m Vm|Sy>Z
ht àdMZ| EoH$bt Ë`m§Zm {H$Vr ñ\y${V©àX {ddoMZ EoH$Ê`mM| ^m½` bm^b|
Agob `mMr H$ënZm H$aVm§ `oVo.
g_ma§^ gmoËgmhnyU© hmodmo d `m J«§Wmbm AZoH$ dmMH$ bm^yZ g_mOmM|
H$ë`mU hmodmo, hrM `m àg§Jt à^yMaUr àmW©Zm H$arV Amho.
A{YH$ H$m` {b{hUo ? _mZZr` lr. XmXmgmho~ àmUr, _mÝ`da
lr. {dîUyOr jragmJa, Am{X gdmªZm gmXa gm. Z.
H$imdo.
_m. g. JmoidbH$a
Amnbm
S>m°. hoS>Jodma ^dZ _m. g. JmoidbH$a
ZmJnya 2.
^mJ 2
n. ny. lr. JmoidbH$a JwéOr `m§Zr {X. 2-3-70 amoOr Xwgao nwñVH$
_w{ÐV hmoÊ`mnydu nmR>{dboë`m nÌmVrb H$mhr ^mJ Imbr XoV Amho -
""_mZZr` S>m°. H¡$. XmXmgmho~ àmUr àJmT> AÜ``ZmMo d
Y_©{Zð> OrdZmMo gmaM `mVyZ àJQ> hmoB©b. AmYrM g_WmªMr AmoOñdr
dmUr, Ë`mV Am~mbd¥Õm§Zm loð> OrdZ d OrdZmMo gmW©H$ KS>dyZ
AmUÊ`mMm CnXoehr Ho$bobm. hm CnXoehr AZw^d d emñÌ{gÕ Agm
n[anyU© Am{U Ë`mda S>m°. àmUtgma»`m A{YH$mar nwéfmZo Ho$bobo ^mî`
hm gmoÝ`mbm gwJ§Y àmßV hmoÊ`mgmaIm AgmYmaU gw`moJ Amho.''
hr àdMZo N>mnyZ nwñVH$ê$nmZo Ag§»` dmMH$m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z
XoD$Z AmnU _moR>m CnH$ma Ho$bm Amho.
lr g_W© dmL²>_`mM| J§^ra AÜ``Z Ho$bob|, lr g_WmªÀ`m
CnXoemM| __© Amnë`m AmoKdVbr dmUrZo {dfX H$aÊ`m§V {gÕdmMH$
Agbobo dmMñn{V lr. {dîUyOr jragmJa `m§Mo hñVo `m nwñVH$mMm
àH$meZ g_ma§^ AmnU R>a{dbm Amho, h| AË`§V `mo½` Pmb| Amho.
AH$am ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY ~mam

&& lr am_ g_W©Ÿ&&
ewH$mgm[aIo nwU© d¡am½` Á`mM|Ÿ&
d{eð>mnar kmZ `moJoœamM|Ÿ&
H$dr dmpë_H$s gm[aIm _mÝ` EogmŸ&
Z_ñH$ma _mPm gX²Jwé am_XmgmŸ&&

&& lr XÎm àgÞŸ&&
ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY
AmO lr g_WmªÀ`m _ZmMo ûcmoH$m§darb àdMZo gwê$ H$arV AmhmoV.
{df`mMr àñVmdZm Mma {d^mJmV H$ê$`m.
(1) {df` - n[aM` (2) _hËd (3) _ZmMo ñdê$n
(4) _ZmbmM CnXoe H$m ?
(1) {df` - n[aM` :- _ZmMo ûcmoH$m§Zm "_Zmo~moY' Agohr åhUVmV,
M§Mb ~mbH$mg gw{dÚ H$aUogmR>r H$Yr amJmZo Va H$Yr ào_mZo ~mobmdo bmJVo,
H$Yr à_mZo nmR>rda hmV {\$admdm bmJVmo. Va H$Yr YnmQ>mhr Úmdm bmJVmo.
_Zmg gwg§ñH¥$V H$aUogmR>r H$Yr Ë`mbm amJmZo Va H$Yr ào_mZo {eH$dmdo bmJVo.
Ago gwg§ñH$¥V _Z ì`dhma d na_mW© `m Xmohmo§Vhr H$ë`mUH$mar hmoVo. hrM _Zmbm
{Xbobr {eH$dU `m _ZmMo ûcmoH$m§V AmT>iyZ `oVo. ñWyb _mZmZo àW_ ûcmoH$
_§JbmMaUmMm, 2 Vo 66 H$_©na, 67 Vo 135 CnmgZmna, 136 Vo 201 kmZna
AmhoV. 202 Vo 204 kmZ ÑT> hmoÊ`mMm _mJ© gm§{JVbm AgyZ, 205 \$blwVr
gm§JVmo. AmYr Vo H$amdo H$_©Ÿ& H$_©_mJ} CnmgZmŸ& CnmgH$m gmnS>o kmZoŸ&
kmZ _moj{M nmdUoŸ& Ago g_W© {eH$dUrMo gyÌ Amho. `m{edm` _w»` Xod
H$moU, gX²Jwê$H¥$nm, CnmgZoV `oUmar {dÜZo, BË`m{X {df` `m§V AmhoV.
(2) _hËd :- _ZmMo ûcmoH$ ho gyÌmË_H$ {ddoMZ Amho. ^wO§Jà`mV
ho d¥Îmhr AmH$f©H$ Ago AgyZhr \$maM WmoS>o bmoH$ `mMm Aä`mg d _ZZ
H$aVmV ho XwX£d. nwñVH$ N>moQ>o, qH$_Vhr Aën, H$mhr doim \w$H$Q>hr {_iVo.
Agm hm gd§J gm¡Xm hmoV Agbo_wio AWm©H$S>o _Z AmH${f©bo OmV Zgmdo.
A{Vn[aM`mXdkm hmoVo. H$mhr ûcmoH$ nmR> hmoVmV. H$mhr H$mZmdê$Z OmV
AgVmV, Am{U _J "_ZmMo ûcmoH$ Zm, AmhoV R>mD$H$' Aer g_OyV
hmoD$Z nwñVH$ H$moR>oVar H$moZmS>çmV nS>bobo AgVo. AWm©Mm {dMma XyaM amhVmo,
bmohmMr _m§Xyg Ho$brŸ& ZmZm aËZo gmR>{dbrŸ& A^m½`mZo Q>m{H$brŸ& bmoI§S>
_Zmo~moY 1

åhUmo{ZŸ&& (Xm. 7-1-33) g_W© H$mbmV øm íbmoH$m§Zr _hmamï´>mV \$ma _moR>m
à^md JmOdbm Amho. {daŠV {eî`m§Zr ñnï> CÀM ñdamV ho ûcmoH$ åhUmdoV,
{^jm WmoS>r ñdrH$mamdr, bmoH$m§Mo {MÎm doYmdo Am{U gXmMma dmTy>Z am_ CnmgZoMm
àgma ìhmdm, Agm hm gmYmgwYm S>moig g§àXm` hmoVm.
gXmMma hm `m S>moig g§àXm`mMm nm`mM Agë`m_wio amï´>mMr Z¡{VH$
nmVir C§MmdyZ øm ûcmoH$mYmao nyd©Om§Zr AmH«${_boë`m na_mW© _mJm©H$S>o g_mOmMo
bj doYbo Jobo. Vmo H$mb Jobm, g§àXm` jrU Pmbm, Am{U g_mOmMo Z¡{VH$ d
Ym{_©H$ AY:nVZ _mÌ PnmQ>çmZo dmTy> bmJbo. åhUyZ AmO bmoH$m§Zr H$moZmS>çm§V
Yyi ImV nS>bobo _ZmMo ûcmoH$, Camer ~miJbo nm{hOoV. gVV dmMyZ _ZZhr
Ho$bo nm{hOo d ^modVmbMo bmoH$m§dahr Ë`m§Mm g§ñH$ma Ho$bm nm{hOo. VaM H$mhr
VaUmonm`. gwg§ñH¥$V _Zm_wioM g_mO- CÜXma d A§V _moj. øm Ñï>rZo ûcmoH$ -
\$blwVr gm§JVmV. _ZmMr eVo EoH$Vm§ Xmof OmVrŸ& _Vr_§X Vo gmYZm`mo½`
hmoVrŸ& MT>o kmZ d¡am½` gm_Ï`© A§JrŸ& åhUo Xmg {dœmgVm _w{ŠV ^moJrŸ&
(_ZmMo ûcmoH$-205)
(3) _ZmMo ñdê$n :- _ZmbmM ~moY H$m Ho$bm ho g_OUogmR>r Ë`mMr
pñWVr àW_ g_Obr nm{hOo. _Z hr H$m` MrO Amho ? {Z{d©H$ën {ZË` ewÜX
gd©gmjr Aem AmË_ñdê$nr H$ënZm ^oX ZgVmZm AkmZmZo Ñí`ê$nr ^oX-g¥ï>rMm
CR>md, VoM _Z. AmËå`mÀ`m eoOmarŸ& amhmo{Z dñVw_mÌmMm g§H$ën H$arŸ& Vo{M
_Z OmU gdm©narŸ& amdUm[a OmU nmŸ& (`mo. dm. gm.) ho Ago H$go hmoV ? O¡g|
CXH$ Vir {ZíMiŸ& Ë`mÀ`mM R>mB© bhar _oiŸ& CR>r V¡gm ^oX H$„moiŸ& AmË_m
{Z_©i O¡gm V¡gmŸ&& _Z ho dm`m{M ZmdŸ& Eèhdr ho H$ënZm{M gmdodŸ&& {ZíMb
AmË_ê$nr M§Mb Û¡V H$ënZm§Mm ^mg CËnÞ H$ê$Z {Za{Zamio ^oX AmoiIÊ`mMo Oo
ñdm^m{dH$ gm_Ï`© VoM _Z. åhUyZ "B§{Ð`mUm§ _ZíMmpñ_'Ÿ ñdßZmV AmnboM
_aU d XhZ nm{hbo OmVo. Ago ho Û¡VmMo _yi AnyU© A§V[a¨{X«` Amho ho {damoYr
JwUm§Zr `wŠV Amho. ho _Z Ogo gwï> Vgo Xwï>, Ogo _{bZ Vgo {Z_©i, M§Mb Vgo
{ZíMb, eÌw Vgo {_Ì, ä`mS> Vgo YrQ>, _D$ Vgo H«y$a Amho. \w§$H$mè`mZo d•r
noQ>Vmohr, \w§$H$mè`mZo d•r {dPVmo Ago ho CnH$mar VgoM KmVH$s B§{Ð` Amho. ho
{Odmbm g§g¥VrV Jw§VdVohr d gmoS>dVohr. earamMo A§V~m©ø gd© ì`mnmam§da
`mMoM {Z`§ÌU. åhUyZ `mbm ""_ZmoXod'' åhUVmV. `mMo gm_Ï`© nmhm. Zdb
bmKdr H¡$g| _ZŸ& ewpÜX CnOdr _rnUŸ& {MÐþnm bmdyZr OrdnUŸ& gwIXw:I|
OmU ^moJdrŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 23-607) `odT>o ho gm_Ï`© d {damoYr JwU ñd^md `mMo
{R>H$mUr Ambm H$gm ? Ë`mMr CËnÎmr n§M_hm^yVm§À`m gmpËdH$ JwUm§nmgyZ
Agbo_wio. (AmB© - ~mnmMo JwUXmof _wbmV CVaVmV Vgo) n¥Ïdr - _emJV Ho$br
Va AÞ dmT> H$aVo. AmnQ>ë`mg hmS> _moS>Vo. Amn - VhmZ ^mJdVo, nU doir
~wS>dVohr. VoO - AÞ nŠd H$aVo nU doir ^mOVohr. dm`w - œgZmg _XV H$aVmo
nU dmXimZo gd© ì`dñWm CÜdñVhr H$aVmo. AmH$me - dñVrbm ñWmZ XoVo, nU
YaUrH§$nmZo gd© JS>ßnhr H$aVo. AJXr hoM nañna{damoYr JwU _Zmbmhr {MH$Q>bo.
gÎd JwUm_wio Ë`mbm XodnU, amOonU {_imbo Agm {dMma Ho$bm åhUOo _J àíZ
nS>Vmo H$s -
(4) _ZmbmM CnXoe H$m ? :- EImÚm n§M^yVm§n¡H$s ^yVmbm AnH$ma
Z hmody XoVm H$mhr {d{eï> V§ÌmZ| Ogo AmnU ñdmYrZ H$ê$Z KoVmo Vgo H$mhr {d{eï>
V§ÌmZoM _Zmbm de H$amdo bmJVo. CXm. drO, AmnU {d{eîQ> V§ÌmZoM drOobm
ñdmYrZ H$ê$Z R>odbr Amho. VgoM _Z, _Zmbm {ddoH$mMo g§ñH$ma XoD$Z CnH$mar
JwU dmT>dyZ Ë`mbm de H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmam àn§M - åhUyZM ""_Zmbm ~moY''
_Zmo~moY. _Z EH$Xm H$m de hmoD$Z {_Ì Pmbo H$s Vo ñdV: _ê$Z Vwåhm§bm A_a
H$aVo, g_W© åhUVmV _Zmg ~wÜXr gm§JU|Ÿ& OZmg H$m` gm§JU|Ÿ& EH$mZo g_WmªZm
{dMmabo, AmnU A{YH$mar AmhmV, _J bmoH$m§Zm CnXoe H$aÊ`mEodOr _Zmbm
CnXoe H$m ? Vo åhUVmV "åhUo Xmg bmoH$mg _r H$m` gm§JmoŸ& Vam`m OZr _r{M
H$mgo{g bmJmoŸ& ~ar gmjno Am¡fYo dmT>dmdrŸ& O`m bmJbm amoJ VoUo§{M ¿`mdrŸ&'
H$maU - _Z Ed _Zwî`mUm§ H$maU§ ~§Y _moj`mo:Ÿ& _r Ord _O ~§YZŸ& _O
Amho OÝ__aUŸ& `m ^mdZoZo ~ÜXVm Am{U AmnU dñVy _yi EH$Ÿ& Eogm kmZmMm
{ddoH$Ÿ& Pmbm H$s _wŠVVm, g_W© åhUVmV, "OZt _ZmdmMw{Z gyI ZmhtŸ& _Z|{M
bm^o JwO gd© H$mhrŸ& na§Vw V| ñdmYrZ hmo H$amd|Ÿ& {Zê$nUo§ _mZg Amdamdo§Ÿ&
~«øm{XH$m§ _mZg AmdaoZmŸ& ZmZm CnmB© _aVm§ _aoZmŸ& V| {ZJ©wUr nm§JwiVm§ _amd|Ÿ&
{Zê$nU| _mZg Amdamd|Ÿ&' (H$ê$Umï>Ho$)
Xwgao _hËdmMo H$maU gd© A§V~m©ø ì`mnma _ZmMo ñdmYrZ. Ë`m_wio
ñdñdê$n AmoiI hmoB©n`ªV _Zwî` _Zmer EH$ê$n hmoD$Z Vmo ZmMdob Vgo
ZmMVmo. AmnU H$go Amhmo ? _ZmgmaIo.. _Z H$gohr Agmo. _r Omo ñdV§Ì,
Ë`mZo _ZmÀ`m a§JmV H$m a§Jmdoo ? nU `mMo ^mZhr Z amhVm AmnU VÐÿn
hmoVmo. _Zmo~moYmZo ZH$iV AmnU Ë`mMonmgyZ AbJ hmoV OmVmo Am{U Amnbr
A{bßVVm ÑT> hmoV OmVo.
2 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 3

g_WmªZr amKdmMm n§W XmI{dUogmR>r Oar ho íbmoH$ {b{hbo, Var
ì`dhmambm AZwgê$Zhr dmJÊ`mMo H$m§hr {Z`_, AmMma, {dMma, CÀMma `m§Mr
EH$dmŠ`Vm, B§{Ð`X_Z d {dV§S>dmX BË`m{X {df`hr gm§{JVbo AmhoV. H$maU
àmn§{MH$ gXmMmam{edm`, na_mW© gmYZmbm nwï>r `oV Zmhr hm {gÜXmÝV Amho.
àn§Mr Omo gmdYmZŸ& Vmo{M na_mW© H$arb OmUŸ& àn§Mr Omo Aà_mUŸ& Vmo
na_mWu ImoQ>mŸ&& (Xm. 12-1-9). gmam§e, doXmMo Oo Jwø, emñÌm§Mo Oo gma Vo
AË`§V gmoß`m eãXm§V g_WmªZr gm§{JVbo Amho.
* * *
JUmYre Omo B©e gdmªJwUm§MmŸ&
_wima§^ Ama§^ Vmo {ZJw©UmMmŸ&
Z_y§ emaXm _yi MËdma dmMmŸ&
J_y§ n§W AmZ§V `m amKdmMm Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
J«§WmMm CnH«$_ d Cng§hma åhUOo Ama§^ d eodQ> nmhÿZ _w»` {df`
R>admdm bmJVmo. `m Ý`m`mZ| n{hë`m ûcmoH$mV J_y n§W AmZ§V `m amKdmMm
AZmXr amKdmMm n§W OmUy`m Agm àma§^ H$ê$Z 200 ì`m ûcmoH$mV Vmo Jo Vmo{M Jo
am_ gd©Ì nmho Ago Xwgè`mg gm§JyZ H$Xm dmoiIr _m{O XyOo {XgoZm Agm
AmË_àË`` gm§JyZ eodQ> Ho$bm Amho. `m _§JbmMaUmÀ`m ûcmoH$m§V àW_À`m VrZ
AmoirV JUoe, emaXm `m§Mo ê$n gm§JyZ Ë`m§Zm Z_Z Ho$bo Amho d amKdmMm _mJ©
OmUy`m Agm CÔoe gm§{JVbm Amho.
`oWo JUoe hm eãX B©ídadmMH$ emaXm _m`mdmMH$ d AmZ§V d amKd
ho eãX ~«÷dmMH$ AmhoV. hm íbmoH$ nwT>rb VÎd{ddoMZmMm nm`m Amho. Vmo ZrQ>
g_OyZ KoVbm nm{hOo. `mgmR>r g_WmªMo H$mhr {gÜXmÝV d H$mhr eãXm§À`m ì`m»`m
ZrQ> g_OUo Amdí`H$ Amho. ~«÷ åhUOo {Z_©i, {ZíMb, ewÜX M¡VÝ` Ë`mbm
_m`m åhUOo H$ënZm {hMm {dQ>mi Zmhr. AmË_m, A§VamË_m-AmË_mam_ = H$ënZoMr
qH$dm _m`oMr CnmYr Agbobo ~«÷M¡VÝ`. hmM B©ída, hrM OmUrdeŠVr, nwê$f.
_m`m = H$ënZoMo ñ\w$aU, hrM eãXg¥ï>r:, AmZ§V = AZ§VÎd. amKd = ewÕ ~«÷.
g_W© {gÕmÝV - Xod AÝVamË_m gJyUŸ& gJwUo nm{dOo {ZJw©UŸ&& gJwUr ^OmdoŸ&
{ZJw©Ur AZÝ` ìhmdoŸ&& ñVdZ, ^OZ, ^ŠVr^md, _m`odmMy{Z Zmhr R>mdŸ&&
ûcmoH$mW© :- fS²>JwU¡íd`©g§nÝZ ^JdmZ² B©ída hmM gd© {edJUm§Mm qH$dm
B§{Ð`JUm§Mm ñdm_r JUoe. _m`oMm ñdrH$ma H$ê$Z A§VamË_mM B©ída d JUoeê$nmZo
ZQ>Vmo. hm fS²>JwUg§nÝZ Amho. ^JdmZ² - Eoíd`©ñ` g_J«ñ` Y_©ñ` `eg:
{l`:Ÿ& kmZd¡am½``moíMo{V, fÊUm§ ^JB{V ñ_¥{V: Ÿ&& Eoíd`© åhUOo {Odmbm
Iao dmQ>Ê`mBVHo$ _m`m H$ënZoZo C^mabobo AK{Q>V KQ>ZmnQw>Ëd. Y_© - g_Ëd,
gX`Ëd - gd©gmjr. X`miy gd© {dídmÀ`m MbH$Ëdm_wio `e, lr åhUOo, _m`m,
bú_r. V¥îUmam{hË`: kmZ åhUOo ~w{ÜXd¥{ÎmàH$meH$Ëd d d¡am½` åhUOo
g¥{ï>{_Ï`Ëdm_wio A{bßVVm. Agm hm B©ída - AmË_mam_ VmoM JUoe. kmZoídam§Zr
- kmZoídarV Xodm (AmË_mê$nm) VyM JUoew Ago dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. JUmYre -
~«÷mMo n{hbo gJwU ê$n. {ZJw©Umbm gJwUËd àmßV Pmbo Vr àW_ ^y{_H$m. _wima§^
- Omo H$V©¥Ëdmg Ama§^Ÿ& _yi nwê$f _wima§^Ÿ& Omo namËna ñd`§^Ÿ& Am{X A§VrŸ&&
(Xm. 7-1-6) Ago JUoemg Z_Z H$ê$Z _J emaXog Z_Z Ho$bo Amho.
emaXm :- eãX_yi dm½XodVm _mh§_m`m {Vhr dmMm AÝVar AmboŸ& Vo
d¡I[a`m àJQ> Ho$boŸ& åhUyZ H$V¥©Ëd {OVwHo$ OmboŸ& Vo _m`m JwUoŸ&& kmZoídam§Zr
AmVm§ A{^Zd dmp½dbm{gZrŸ& Oo MmVw`m©W© H$bmH$m{_ZrŸ& Vo emaXm
{díd_mo{hZrŸ& Z_ñH$m[abr {_`m§Ÿ&& øm eãXm§V emaXmñVdZ Ho$bo. JUoe emaXoMo
ñnï> ñdê$n-{ZJw©U {ZamH$mamMo {R>H$mUr ~hþ{dY ìhmdo, AZ§V ê$nm§Zr ZQ>mdo, ho Oo
ñ\w$aU VrM _yi _m`m. ñ\w$aU åhUOo dm`w + OmUrd. dm`y = àH¥$Vr, eŠVr,
emaXm d OmUrd = nwê$f, B©ída, JUoe. C^`VmnmgyZ {ÌJwU, gËd = OmUrd,
aO = OmUrd ZoUrd d V_ = ZoUrd - åhUOoM {dîUw-~«÷m-e§H$a.
BVHo$ Z_Z H$ê$Z _J CÔoe gm§{JVbm - J_y n§W AmZ§V. `mVrb AmZ§V
hm eãX n§W d amKd `m XmoÝhrH$S>o KoVm `oB©b. AZm{X Agm na_mW© n§W - AZ§V
amKd - gË`§ kmZ§ - AZ§V§ ~«÷ Agm amKd XoeH$mb dñVw n[aÀN>oXa{hV
åhUOo _`m©Xma{hV - A_`m©X. _ZmMo ûcmoH$ 146 Vo 150 _Zm g§V AmZ§V
emoYyZ nmho Ago amKd ñdê$n gm§JVmV. AmZ§V amKd `mMm ñnï> Iwbmgm
ûcmoH$ 169 V Amho. g_WmªMo Cnmñ` X¡dV gJwU~«÷ XmeaWr am_, nU Vo
VoWoM Wm§~V ZmhrV. H$maU àH¥$Vr _Yrb XodŸ& Vmo àH¥$VrMm ñd^md Ÿ&&
am_ hm H$mbMm gwV XeaWmMm AZ§V`wJrMm AmË_mam_:Ÿ&& åhUyZ
gJwUam_ê$nmMm Aml` H$ê$Z, Ë`mMr H¥$nm g§nmXZ H$ê$Z, M§Mb XodVoÀ`m
4 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 5

AmYmao {ZíMi ~«÷ AZw^{dÊ`mMm _mJ© OmUy`m Ago Vo åhUVmV.
gmam§e - ~«÷ {dÚoMm AZm{X n§W OmUUogmR>r ho _ZmMo ûcmoH$ AmhoV.
CnmgZm åh{UOo kmZŸ& kmZ nm{dOo {Za§OZŸ& `mo{J`m§Mo g_mYmZŸ& `oUo [aVrŸ&&
(Xm. 20-4-22) EH$dMZr, EH$~mUr, EH$nËZr BË`m{X JwUY_© àH¥$VrMo. Vo
~mOyg gmê$Z Á`mda Vo JwU Zm§Xbo Vo Iao am_ê$n, am_mMo Iao ê$n _m`mVrV Amho.
_m`mVrV AZÝVmMrŸ& g§V gmo` gm§JVrŸ&& amKd n§W åhUOo H$m` ? ñd.
ñdê$nmnmgyZ ^«ï> Pmboë`m {Odmg ~«÷mkmZ hmoB©n`ªV gmV AdñWm§VyZ Omdo
bmJVo. (am_JrVm)
(1) AkmZ - AmnU ~«÷ `mMm {dga. Ord, OJV², B©ída `m§Mm
{dMmahr Zmhr.
(2) AmdaU - AkmZmÀ`m AmdaUeŠVr_wioM _yi ê$n PmH$bo OmUo.
(3) {djon - nXmW© Amho Vgm Z ^mgVm {Zamim ^mgUo. Ord H$Vm©
^moŠVm AmnUM Ago dmQ>Uo. `m VrZ AdñWm§_wio ~§Y.
(4) namoj kmZ - S>moù`mAmS> dñVyMo empãXH$ kmZ.
(5) Anamoj - àË`j AZw^d kmZ.
(6) V¥ßVr - `moJ kmZm_wio hmoUmao g_mYmZ.
(7) emoH$mnJ_ - g_mYmZmZo àmßV hmoUmar {Z^©`Vm, emoH$Zme, Xw:I
{Zd¥{Îm, {Ma§VZ gwI.
***
_Zm g‚mZm ^{ŠV n§Wo{M Omd|Ÿ&
Var lrhar nm{dOo Vmo ñd^md|Ÿ&
OZr§ {Z§Ú V| gd© gmoSy>{Z Úmd|Ÿ&
OZt d§Ú V| gd© ^md| H$amd|Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
(1) amKd n§W åhUOo ~«÷ àmßVrMm _mJ©. Vmo AmH«$_U H$aVmZm
{Odmbm gmV AdñWm§VyZ H$go Omdo bmJVo ho gm§JyZ eodQ>r Xw:I {Zd¥Îmr d
AmË`§{VH$ gwIàmßVr `mgmR>r _Zmbm CnXoe, Ago àmñVm{dH$ H$ê$Z øm
ûcmoH$mnmgyZ _Zmbm CnXoe gwê$ Ho$bm Amho. hm CnXoe, _w_wjw d gmYH$ `m§Mo
_mJ©Xe©ZmgmR>r Amho; Ago H$moUr åhUVmV. na§Vw \$blwVrÀ`m 205 ì`m
ûcmoH$mdê$Z, Vmo Ho$di Ë`m§À`mnwaVm _`m©{XV ZgyZ BVahr `m CnXoemg nmÌ
AmhoV. _mZV _mZV Ý`md| n¡brH$S>o. Aer hr {eH$dU Amho. 2) _Zmbm g‚mZ
H$m åhQ>bo,M§Mb _Zmbm JmoS> JmoS> eãXm§Zr AmidyZ, CÎmoOZ XoD$Z, ^{ŠV_mJm©H$S>o
di{dUogmR>rM hm Jm¡ad. XwO©Z àmUr g_OmdoŸ& n[aH$imo{M ZoXmd|Ÿ& g‚mZm
narg AmidmdoŸ& _hÎd XoCZrŸ&& (Xm. 19-9-23) nU _Z XwO©Z Var H$go ?
- `mMm ì`mnH$ AW© bjmV Z KoVm, Vo dmB©Q>, M§Mb g_OyZ nma_m{W©H$ gmYH$
{ha_moS> nmdVmV. gyú_ {ddoH$mZo Vo XwO©ZmMo g‚mZ R>admdo. EImXm Ka§XmO _Zwî`
XwX£dmZo Imbr Ambm, Var Ë`mÀ`m JwUmdê$Z Vmo XwO©Z R>aV Zmhr. C_Xo KmoS>o
nmJoV amhrb ? qgh àoVo CH$arb ? _Z gwI Agob VoWoM CS>r KoVo. Ë`mbm
gd©H$mb Mm§JboM AmdS>Vo. IoiH$a nmoamà_mUo Vo H$moR>ohr AmZ§X emoYVo. Ë`mMm
OÝ_ AmZ§XgmJamV. _ZmMo _yi n{hbo Ah§ñ\w$aU. bmQ> åhUOo g_wÐ-nmUrM Zm ?
_Z åhUOo ^Jd{Û^yVr Zm ? _J Vo XwO©Z H$go Agob ? ~«÷mMm A§e Omo Ord, Vmo
Amnë`m {nË`mà_mUo AmZ§XmV amhUmam eyadra Agob åhUyZ ho MmH$arg am{hbo.
nU _mbH$ Ord {df` {dfM nrV Agbobm nmhÿZ _Zhr {df`mVM AmZ§X emoYy
bmJbo. Ord ~«÷mZ§X MmIob d _Zmbmhr Vmo Pam XmI{db Va _Zhr AmZ§XmV
amhrb. Ë`mbm AmZ§X XmI{dUo ho {OdmMo H$m_. Vo {Odmbm gmoS>V Zmhr. nU
OrdM Ë`mMo _mJo YmdVmo, åhUyZ kmZmo~m `WmW©VoZo åhUVmV, "H$m `m _ZmMo EH$
{ZHo$Ÿ& Oo XoI{b`m JmoS>r R>mB© gmoHo$Ÿ& åhUy{Z AZw^dgwI{M H$m¡VwHo$Ÿ& Xm{dV
OmB©OoŸ&&' VwH$mam_ åhUVmV, "_Z H$amao àgÝZŸ& gd©{gÜXrM| H$maUŸ& _moj
AWdm ~§YZŸ& gwI g_mYmZ BÀN>mVoŸ& gmYH$ dmMH$ n§{S>VŸ& lmoVo dŠVo EoH$m-
_mVŸ& Zmht Zmht AmZ X¡dVŸ& VwH$m åhU| Xwga|Ÿ&&' (Jm. 3733)
Ago ho _Z XO©Z H$go ? g‚mZM. åhUyZ (3) _Zm g‚mZm ^{ŠV n§Wo{M
Omdo. `oWo MH$ma KmbyZ H$m` gmYbo ? (1) _m`m åh{UOo ^JdÀN>{ŠVŸ&
^JdX²^OZ| {VMr {Zd¥{ÎmŸ& AmZ Cnm` VoW| Z MbVrŸ& ^ŠV gwI| VaVr
h[a_m`mŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 2-464) amOmMo hþH$_mZoM ~oS>r nS>Vo d hþH$_mZoM ~oS>r
{ZKVo. (2) AÝ` _mJm©nojm A{YH$ gmonm _mJ©. gm Vw H$_©kmZ-
`moJoä`mo@ß`{YH$Vam \$bê$nËdmV²Ÿ& ( Zm. ^. gyÌ 26 ) B©ída n«mßVrÀ`m AÝ`
VrZ _mJm©nojm - H$_©kmZ `moJmnojm ^ŠVr loð>. BVa _mJm©V __© Z
g_Obo Va IiJo \$ma ! H$_m©Mm H$_©R>nUmV, kmZmMm A{^_mZmV d
`moJmMm X§^mV n[anmH$ nwîH$i doim {XgVmo. H$_©kmZ `moJmV A{^_mZ hmoVmo.
6 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 7

B©ídambm A{^_mZ ghZ hmoV Zmhr. _rnU H$moUmgrM Z gmhoŸ& Vmo ^Jd§Vr
H¡$go {Z gmhoŸ& åhUmo{Z _rnU gmoSy>Z amhoŸ& Vmo{M gmYyŸ& (Xm. 7-7-50)
Xodmbm XrZVm AmdS>Vo. Vr ^ŠVrV AgVo åhUyZ "^ŠË`m h_oH$`m J«mø:' Xwgar
Jmoï> åhUOo ^ŠVr \$bê${nUr Amho. Vr Ho$di gmYZ Zmhr Va gmÜ` Amho. ^ŠVr
hoM ^ŠVrMo \$i.Om|Yim noamdm - H$Urg ¿`mdo. ào_mZ| àma§^, ào_mZo àJVr, d
ào_mV eodQ>. Xodmbm ^Omdo Am{U Xod ìhmdo. `mV OmV, d`, n[apñWVr H$emMrhr
Anojm Zmhr. AÝV:H$aUnyd©H$ Xod hdmgm Pmbm H$s Vmo ^ŠVH$moQ>rV à{dï> PmbmM.
Xodmbm OmUmd`mMo Vo ^ŠVrZoM. ^ŠVr kmZmMr _mCbrŸ& H$ar H¥$noMr gmCbrŸ&
{OUo Zm_ê$nm Am{UbrŸ& ~«÷_yVu ^br AZm`mgoŸ&& åhUyZ ^{ŠV n§Wo{M Omdo.
(4) ñd^mdo - ghO, Aà`mgmZo _w{ŠV: ñ`mX à`mgoZ ^{ŠV
_mJm©Zwd{V©Zm_²Ÿ& ghO _w{ŠV qH$dm ghO Xod H$m nmdVmo ? ^{ŠVMm \$bê${nUr
ñd^md d a§Job VoWo VX²ê$n hmoÊ`mÀ`m _ZmÀ`m ñd^mdm_wioM.
(5) OZr qZÚVo - d§Ú d qZÚ åhUOo Mm§Jbo d dmB©Q>. `m~Ôb
gm_mÝ`OZmV EH$dmŠ`Vm ZgVo. EH$mbm ~ao dmQ>Umao Xwgè`mbm dmB©Q> dmQ>Vo.
åhUyZ OZr OZmX©Z AZw^{dboë`m g‚mZm§Zr, åhUOo emñÌm§Zr Oo ~ao åhQ>bo Vo
H$amdo d Oo dmB©Q> åhQ>bo Vo Ë`mJmdo. H$maU gd© g‚mZmV gV² d AgV²Mm {dMma
EH$M AgVmo. Vñ_mV² emņ̃ à_mU§ Vo H$m`m©H$m`© ì`dpñWVm¡Ÿ& H$m`m©H$m`©
{ddoH$sŸ& emñÌo{M H$amdr nmaIrŸ& AH¥$Ë` Hw$S>o Vo bmoH$sŸ& dmimdo JmŸ&& amOmMo
^oQ>rg ñdÀN>VoZo Omdo bmJVo. B©ída ^oQ>rg A§Va§J ñdÀN> Amdí`H$ AgVmo.
(6) hm g_W© CnXoe {b{hVmZm g_WmªMo _ZmV JrVoVrb X¡dr øofm
JwU_`r __ _m`m XwaË``mŸ& (^. Jr. 7-14) d Z _m§ XwñH¥${VZmo _yT>m: (^.
Jr, 7-15) ho XmoZ íbmoH$ Ambo AgmdoV. kmZoídam§Zr ømda ^mî` H$aVmZm `oW
`oH${M brbm VaboŸ& Oo gd© ^mdo _O ^OboŸ& V`m§ EobrM W{S>`o gab|
_m`mOiŸ&& (km. 7-97) d ÑîH¥$Vr - _Zwî` qZÚ H$_© H$aVmZm Vo doit
{Z`_m§Mo dñÌ ZmR>doŸ& nwT>rb AYmoJVrMr bmO ZoUdoŸ& Am{U H$[aVmV O| Z
H$amd|Ÿ& doXw åhUoŸ& (km. 7-104) Ago CX²Jma H$mT>bo AmhoV. d§Ú ñdrH$mamdo
H$m, qZÚ Q>mimdo H$m, `mMo CÎma darb ^mî`mV gmnS>Vo. åhUmo{Z Vo _mVo
MwH$boŸ& (km. 7-108) qhgm, AgË`, XwamMma BË`mXrV àd¥Îm hmoUmao nmnr
bmoH$ ^Jd{Þð> hmoD$ eH$V ZmhrV. åhUyZ OZr qZÚ Vo gd© gmoSy>{Z ÚmdoŸ&
OZr d§Ú Vo gd© ^mdo H$amdoŸ&
(7) gd© ^mdo H$amdo :- ^md hm eãX lÕm, ào_, ^ŠVr, {dídmg
Aem AZoH$ AWu dmnaVmV. `oWo ^md åhUOo lÕm. Oo d§Ú, H$aÊ`mg `mo½` Agob
Vo lÕoZo H$amdo. ho H$aÊ`mV H$ë`mUM hmoUma Agm {dídmg Agmdm. lÜXm ho
na_mWm©V _hÎdmMo ^m§S>db Amho. lÕmdmZ² b^Vo kmZ§Ÿ&& H$moUVohr H$m`© lÜXoZo
Ho$bo Va \$bÐþn hmoVo. AlÕ`m hþV§ XÎm§ VnñVn§ H¥$V§ M `V²Ÿ& Ag{XË`wÀ`Vo
nmW© Z M VV àoË` Zm BhŸ& (^. Jr. 17-18)
***
à^mV| _Zt am_ [§M§VrV OmdmŸ&
nwT>| d¡Iat am_ AmYr dXmdmŸ&
gXmMma hm Wmoa gm§Sy>§ Z`o VmoŸ&
OZt Vmo{M Vmo _mZdt YÝ` hmoVmoŸ&&3Ÿ&&
(1) ^ŠVr n§WmZoM Omdo Ag| R>aë`mZ§Va Zd{dYm ^ŠVr§n¡H$s
H$moUVo gmYZ ñdrH$mamdo ho gm§JVmV. EH$mM Ü`o`mÀ`m AZoH$ dmQ>mVrb gmonr d
OdiMr dmQ> XmI{dVmV. øm à^mdr gmYZm§da gd© g§Vm§Mr EH$dmŠ`Vm AmT>iVo.
`mbm ñWb - H$mb - _`m©Xm Zmhr. gdmªZm A{YH$ma. Vo gmYZ åhUOo Zm_. gmono
gdm©hÿZr Zm_ Vo{M VÎdŸ&& `oWo Omo àW_ MaU Amho VmoM eodQ>r R>oD$Z íbmoH$ 67
Vo 77 XmeaWr gJwUam_ê$n gm§JyZ Zm_ _hmËå` gm§{JVbo Amho. Zd»`m gmYH$mg
^Jd§VmMo AOËdo OÝ_Uo, A{H«$`Ëdo H$m`© H$aUo BË`m{X {d^y{V_Ëd VËdV: WmoS>oM
_m{hV AgVo ? åhUyZ qMVrV Omdm `mMm AW© gJwU em_gw§Xa am_ê$n AmR>dyZ
Ë`mMo Zm_ ¿`mdo. {XZH$a Jmogmdr qMVZ `mMm AW© _ZmZo Zm_ KoU| Agm H$aVmV.
Zm_ KoUoMo àH$ma Mma. ñ_aU åh{UOo Oo _wIo Zm_ CƒmamdoŸ& {M§VZ Oo {ZO
A§VarM ñ_amdoŸ& AZwg§YmZ Vo MmbVgo ñd^mdoŸ& BS>m qnJim g§`moJoŸ& Mm¡Wo
{ZOÜ`mgZ åh[UOo EH$mË_VmŸ& Zmh§ nUo ghO pñW{V ~«÷t EoŠ`VmŸ& nhmQ>o
Zm_ _ZmV ñ_amdo. Ë`mdoir gd© d¥Îmr em§V AgVmV. ~mhoahr ñVãYVm AgVo. _Z
bJoM EH$mJ« hmoVo. qMVZmZ§Va dmUrZo Zm_ Mmby R>odmdo. AmYr øm eãXm_wio
H$m§hrhr ^mfUmnydu Agm H$moUr AW© H$[aVmV. Ago Zm_ Mmby AgVm XwJw©Um§Mm
Ë`mJ d gX²JwUg§nmXZ ho Amdí` Amho. H$maU XwJw©Um_wio OoW| ì`dhma
ZmgVmo VoWo na_mW© H$gm Zm§XUma ? XwamMaUr hm em§V{MÎm, g_mYmZr amhÿ eH$V
8 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 9

Zmhr. gX²JwUmdmMyZ X¡dr g§nÎmr{dZm B©ídan«mßVr Zmhr, Ago gd© g§V EH$_wImZ|
gm§JVmV. gd©Xm {df` qMVZ H$aUmè`m _Zmbm B©ída qMVZ H$go hmoB©b ? ewÜXMaU
d Zm_ñ_aU `mZo _Zwî`mbm YÝ`Ëd àmßV hmoVo åhUyZ gXmMma hdm. AZmMmañVw
_m{bÝ`§Ÿ& AË`mMmañVw _yI©VmŸ& {dMmamMma g§`moJ:Ÿ& gXmMma: g CƒVoŸ&&
{ddoHo$ {H«$`m Amnwbr nmbQ>mdrŸ& AVr AmXao ewÜX {H«$`m Yamdr. ^«ï> Vmo
doXm§Vr ZìhoM. Vmo H$a§Q>m nmI§S>r, AJXr ~moY Pmbm Var {df`r {dga n{S>bm
{Z:eofŸ& A§Jr ~«÷ag R>gmdbm hr pñWVr àmßV hmoB©n`ªV gXmMma, ^OZ, nyOZ
gmYZ gmoS>VmM `oV Zmhr. na_mW© EH$Xoer ZH$mo. ewÜX gËdJwUmZo. gd© {H«$`oV
amhÿZ A{bßV am{hbo nm{hOo. gXmMmam{dZm brZVm Zmhr. AOw©Zm Vd dar `wŠV
gmYZŸ& Xoh|{Ð`m H$s O| X_ZŸ& Od hmVmer MT>o| AmË_aËZŸ& {ZOdñVyŸ&& ZmhrVa
Vobhr Jobo Vynhr Jobo hmVr Ambo YwnmQ>Uo åhUyZ ~mø {d^mJyŸ& H$_©o YwVbm
Mm§JyŸ& kmZo \o${S>bm ì`§Jy A§VarMmŸ&& Ago A§V~m©ø {Z_©i ìhmdo bmJVo. H$_m©Mo
àH$ma XmoZ. C{MV - Á`mZ| Ü`o` àmßVr hmoVo d AZw{MV - Ü`o` àmßVr Z hmoVm
CbQ> Anm`M hmoVmo. Oo H$_© B©ídaàmßVrbm ghm`H$ hmoVo VoM gËH$_©, VoM nwÊ`,
VoM H$aUr`, VmoM gXmMma, H$_©M¡d VXWu`§ g{XË`o dm {^Yr`VoŸ& OÝ_ nyd©
H$_© na_oída OmUo. _oë`mZ§Vahr VmoM OmUo. OÝ_mnmgyZ _aon`ªV VodT>o AmnU
OmUH$ma H$m` ? {Z{_ÎmmMm YZrŸ& Ho$bm Ago àmUrŸ& _mPo åhUwZr ì`W© JobmŸ&&
Am{b`m g§gmam gd© Ioi {dídH$Ë`m©Mm. H$aUo H$m Z H$aUo|Ÿ& ho AmKdo Vmo{M
OmUoŸ& {díd MiVgo OoUoŸ& na_mË_oZrŸ&& AÜ`mË_mMr gd© ~¡R>H$ øm {ZpíMV
~wÜXrda Amho. ~wÜXrMo AmËå`mer b½Z bmdUo hmM na_mW©. Vr ~wÜXr Hw$bdVr
ìhmdr `mgmR>r gXmMma. åhUyZ g§Vm§À`m _moj {dMmamZoM H$_© Mmbbo nm{hOo.
kmÝ`mMr H$_© ~¡R>H$ A§V:ñË`mJr ~{h:g§JrM AgVo. A§Var {Z_©i Agob Ë`mMo
Jim _mi Agmo Zgmo.
na_oídamZo ZaXoh {Xbm. åhUyZ Ë`mMo CÎmamB© hmoÊ`mgmR>r gËH$_© Ho$bo
nm{hOo. Ë`mZoM Vmo V¥ßV hmoVmo. ñdH$_©Um V_ä`À`© {gpÜX§ qdX{V _mZd:Ÿ&
(^. Jr. 18-46) V`m gdm©Ë_H$m B©ídamŸ& ñdH$_© Hw$gw_m§Mr dramŸ& nyOm Ho$br
hmo` AnmamŸ& VmofmbmJr (km. 18-917) `mZoM àn§M d¡am½`{gÜXr hmoVo. g_W©
åhUVmV, J¥hñWml_rMm `mVM Ë`mJ Amho, `mZoM d¡am½` dmT> hmoVo. gÝ_mJ© Vmo
Ordr YaUoŸ& AZ _mJmªMm Ë`mJ H$aUoŸ& g§gm[aH$m Ë`mJ `oUoŸ& àH$mao EogmŸ&
Hw$~wÜXr Ë`mJodtU H$m§hrŸ& gX²~wÜXr bmJUma ZmhrŸ& g§gm[aH$m Ë`mJ
nmhrŸ& Eogm AgoŸ&& (Xm. 5-10-2,3) åhUyZ {MÎmmda bj nm{hOo. Z H$_©Um Z
àO`m YZoZ Ë`mJoZ¡Ho$Z A_¥VËd_². {d{hV ñdrH$mamdo. OZr Vmo{M Vmo _mZdr
YÝ` hmoVmo - Aem gXmMmamZo Mmby _mZdr OrdZmbm YÝ`Ëd àmßV hmoVo. åhUOo
_Zwî` åhUdyZ KoÊ`mMr nmÌVm `oVo. ZmhrVa Vmo neyM. ZaXoh na_ nmdZŸ& nmdmo{Z
Z gmYr ~«÷kmZŸ& Vmo bm§S>m JX©^ OmUŸ& nwÀN>odrU Xwnm`rŸ&& åhUyZ OoUo àH$mao
harMr àmßVr hmoB©b Agm H$_oª©{Ð`mZo gXmMma, _wImZo Zm_moƒma d kmZ|{Ð`mZo
g{ÛMma H$ê$Z harbm AmidUo C{MV. Ë`m`moJo _mZdr OrdZ YÝ`.
_Zm dmgZm Xwï> H$m_m Z `o aoŸ&
_Zm gd©Wm nmn~wÜXr ZH$mo aoŸ&
_Zm Y_©Vm Zr{V gmoSy>§ ZH$mo hmoŸ&
_Zm A§Var gma{dMma amhmoŸ&&4Ÿ&&
ûcmoH$ g§JVr :- ~mø gXmMmam~amo~a A§Va§Jhr ewÜX nm{hOo. ZmhrVa
Vmo {_Ï`mMma hmoVmo. H$_ªo{Ð`m{U g§`å` ` AmñVo _Zgm ñ_aZ²Ÿ& B§{Ð`mWm©Z²
{d_yT>mË_m {_Ï`mMma: g CÀ`VoŸ&& (^. Jr. 3-6) åhUyZ _ZmV- A§V:H$aUmV
Xwï> dmgZm AgVm H$m_m Z`o. X¡dr g§nÎmrg nmofH$ AemM dmgZm hì`mV. dmgZoMo
ñdê$n H$m` ? Var nyd© H$_m©Mo {Z g§ñH$maoŸ& Oo Oo d¥Îmrgr nXmW© ñ\w$aoŸ& Vo Vo
OmUmdr {ZYm©aoŸ& dmgZm MVwao B`mnarŸ& Vmo{M g§ñH$ma dmgZm ê$noŸ&& (`mo. dm)
hr dmT>Vo H$er ? ñdñdê$n {dgê$Z. ""Ah§Xoh'' hm g§H$ënM dmgZm dmT> H$aUmam
Amho. ñdgwI JmoS>r _mhrV Zgë`m_wio XohgwImW© {df`- dmgZm åhUOo
g§ñH$mamZwê$n AmdS>Ë`m dñV§yMr BÀN>m hdonUm. {hÀ`m VrZ AdñWm AmhoV. Amg
- Ho$di hdrer dmQ>Uo; hì`mg - Vr Zoh_r Odi Agmdr d {H$Vrhr {_imbr
Var g§Vmof ZgUo; Ü`mg - dñVy{edm` Xwgao H$m§hr Z gwMUo. hr dmgZm A½ZrgmaIr
Amho. A½Zr_wio ñd`§nmH$ hmoD$Z AÝZ {_iVo, nU VmoM Kahr OmiVmo. dmgZoMo
XmoZ àH$ma AmhoV. _{bZ qH$dm Xwï> åhUOo {df`dmgZm d ewÜX qH$dm gwï> dmgZm.
Ë`mV nwÝhm Va - V_ ^oX AmhoV. ewÕVa - ñZmZ, g§Ü`m, XodVmM©Z BË`m{X.
ewÜXV_ - doXmÝV {dMma, _hmdmŠ` ldU, g_m{Y BË`m{X. {df`mH$S>o dmgZm
dibr H$r Xw:Imbm H$maU hmoVo d ^Jd§VmH$S>o dibr H$s gwImbm, AmZ§Xmbm
10 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 11

H$maU hmoVo. ^JdËnXm{edm` (H$maU nyU©Ëd) Vr H$moUË`mhr Cnm`mZo Zï> hmoV
Zmhr. "dmgZm' - {df`mOdi dmg ZH$mo. ñWybXoh `oWo nS>bm Var Vr gyú_
Xohm~amo~a `oVo d Xwgam OÝ_ ^moJdVo. OÝ_ KoUo bmJo dmgZoÀ`m g§JoŸ& åhUyZ
{df`mdmgZm Xwï>. hdo ZH$mo `mMm AmJ«h gwQ>bm H$s Vr _aVo, åhUyZ dmgZm nwï>
hmoD$ Z XoÊ`mg Cnm` EH$M - Var ñdê$nmMo {Z {dñ_aUoŸ& Omo g§H$ën CR>
XohnUoŸ& Vmo CR>mo ZoXmdm gmdYnUoŸ& dmgZm OoUo àm¡T> ZìhoŸ&& `mgmR>r AI§S>
am_Zm_. gd©Wm - åhUOo Ho$ìhmhr _wirM nmn~wÜXr ZH$mo. nmn - emñÌ {dê$ÜX
{Z{fÜX H$_m©H$S>o àd¥Îmr - {dnarV H$_©. nmn Ë`mMo Zmd Z {dMmar ZrVŸ& ^bVoM
CÝ_Îm H$ar gXmŸ&& nmn VrZ àH$maMo AgVo. H$m{`H$ - _mo~Xë`m{edm` dñVy
ñdrH$maUo, A^j ^jU, Ano` nmZ, naXmama{V. dm{MH$ - H$R>moa qH$dm AgË`
^mfU, Ag§~ÜX àbmn. _mZ{gH$ - Anhma-dmgZm, A{hV qMVUo, _Ëga. `m
nmn d¥ÎmrMo H$maU H$m` ? hr OrdmMr ghOàd¥Îmr Amho. doX| Z H$[aVm§ àoaUmŸ&
{df`m§dar ghO dmgZmŸ& ñd^md| gH$i OZm§Ÿ& gXm OmU gdmªgrŸ&
(Zm.^m. 5-208) AW Ho$Z à`wŠVmo@`§ nmn§ Ma{V nyê$f: (^. Jr. 3-36)
øm AOw©ZmÀ`m àýmbm lr ^JdmZ bJoM CÎma XoVmV. H$m_ Ef H«$moY Ef
aOmoJwUg_wX²^d: (^. Jr. 3-37) Var ho H$m_ H«$moYy nmhtŸ& O`mV| H¥$noMr
gmR>dU ZmhrŸ& ho H¥$Vm§VmMm§ R>m`tŸ& _m{ZOVrŸ&& (km. 3-240) ñdm^m{dH$
{df`mgŠVr, B§{Ð` {ZJ«hmMm Am^md, Ë`m_wio nmnàd¥{Îm `m gdmªg H$maU ho
_Zmo{dH$maM. aOmoJwUmË_H$ _Z "ho ^mo½` ho gwIH$a' Agm g§H$ën H$aVo. Ë`m_wio
nmnàd¥{Îm. åhUyZ _Zmbm CnXoe.
Y_m©bm AZwgê$Z Agbobm AmMma qH$dm ZrVr gmoSy> ZH$mo. ZrVr
hm eãX ì`mnH$ AWu `mo{Obm OmVmo. ZrVr eãXmMm AW© dmJÊ`mMr arV
qH$dm AmMma `odT>mM Amho. ì`dhmamZo, b¡§{JH$ AWm©Zo Vmo ~hþYm dmnabm
OmVmo. nU Y_m©bm AZwgê$Z dmJUo - Y_©ZrVr. amOH$maUmVrb AmMmaamOZrVr,
`wÜXmVrb - `wÜXZrVr. S>mdnoM - Hw${Q>b ZrVr. Agm hm ì`mnH$
AWu eãX Amho. `oWo Y_©Vm ZrVr åhUOo Y_©{Zð>oZo hmoUmam AmMma gmoSy>
ZH$mo. Ago åhQ>bo Amho. Y_m©Mma åhUOo dUm©l_{d{hV AmMma. JrVoV Vmo
ñnï> Ho$bm Amho. e_mo X_ñVn:em¡M§.... (^. Jr. 18-42) BË`m{X
~«m÷Um§Mm, em¡`©VoOmo.... (^. Jr. 18-43) B. j{Ì`m§Mm. H¥${fJmoaú`
dm{UÁ`§ ..... (^. Jr. 18-44) BË`m{X d¡í`m§Mm d n[aM`m©Ë_H$ H$_© -
eyÐm§Mm Y_© hmo`. na§Vw ì`ŠVr d g_mO XmoKm§À`mhr H$ë`mUmW© _ZyZo XebjUmË_H$
Y_© gm§{JVbm Amho Vmo ""Y_©VmZr{V'' gmoSy> ZH$mo `m CnXoembm AZwgê$Z gd©hr
H$mbr `wŠV hmò . Y¥{V:j_mX_mo@ñVò § em¡Mq_{X«` {ZJ«h:Ÿ& Yr{d©Úm gË`_H«$moYmo
XeH§$ Y_© bjU§§Ÿ& Yr = ñdY_m©V A{dMb, {ZíMb Aer ~wÜXr, {dÚm =
doX{dÚm - ~«÷{dÚm. H«$moY = Xwgè`mMo dmB©Q> H$aÊ`mMr d¥Îmr.
gd© g¥ï>r Oa ~«÷ê$n Va gma-Agma Aer {ZdS> H$m ? ^m¡{VH$ nXmWm©V
ApñV, ^m{V, {à`, Zm_ Am{U ê$n Ago nmM A§e àVrV hmoVmV. n{hbo VrZ
~«÷ê$n A§e AmhoV d eodQ>Mo XmoZ H$pënV AmhoV. ì`dhmamV emídV dñVy Bï>
dmQ>Vo. _J na_mWm©V Ver H$m ZH$mo ? dmJÊ`mV ^oX R>odUo d gd© ~«÷ åhUUo
{dnarV Zmhr H$m ? gmYo _S>Ho$gwÜXm dmOdyZ KoÊ`mMm àKmV Amho. _mVr gm§Sy>{Z
gmoZo ¿`mdoŸ& Ymo§S>o gm§Sy>{Z AÞ ¿`mdoŸ& Am{U AdKoMr gma åhUmdoŸ&
~mîH$inUoŸ&& åhUmo{Z hm {dMma H$amdmŸ& emídV gË` Vo gmaŸ&& VoM na~«÷ ho
Ü`o` JmR>md`mMo ñ_aU A§Var Agmdo.
åhUyZ {n§S>t {ZË`m{ZË` {ddoH$Ÿ& ~«÷m§S>r gmamgma AZoH$Ÿ& gH$i
emoYy{Z`m§ `oH$Ÿ& gma ¿`md|Ÿ&& (Xm. 18-5-31)
_Zm nmng§H$ën gmoSy>{Z ÚmdmŸ&
_Zm gË`g§H$ën Ordt YamdmŸ&
_Zm H$ënZm Vo ZH$mo drf`m§MrŸ&
{dH$ma| KS>o hmo OZt gd© Mr Mr Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
_mJrb íbmoH$mV Xwï>dmgZm ZH$mo, nmn~wÜXr ZH$mo, Y_©ZrVr Agmdr,
gma dñVy§Mo J«hU H$amdo, Ago gm§{JVbo. nU ho gmao g§H$ënmda Adb§~yZ
Amho. gd© àd¥ÎmtMo H$maU - H$m_ åhUOo dmgZm, Ë`m H$m_mMo H$maU
g§H$ën. g§H$ënmMm Ë`mJ åhUOo dmgZoMm Ë`mJ. Xwï> g§H$ënmnmgyZ
Xwï>dmgZm CX²^dVo. g§H$ën à^dmZ² H$m_m§ñË`ŠËdm gdmªZeofV:Ÿ& (^. Jr.
6-24) nmn~wÜXr ZH$mo Agob Va nmng§H$ën gmoSy>Z {Xbm nm{hOo. nmn g§H$ën -
AewÜX, _brZ, AkmZ, Û¡VH$ënZm, H$m hmoVmo ? AZm{X, AkmZ d
VËg§ñH$maO{ZV {df`mgŠVr `m_wioM nmng§H$ën hmoVmo. AÜ`mË_emñÌ gm§JVo
H$s, Xoh|{Ð`mMo {R>H$mUr "Ah§__Ëd' åhUOo Xoh d B§{Ð`o åhUOo _r Ago
12 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 13

dmQ>Uo - hmM nmng§H$ën hm g§H$ën ÑT> AgVmo. XohmMr d B§{Ð`m§Mr OmUrd gwfwßVrV
ZgVo. åhUyZ Ë`m AdñWoV {df` àd¥Îmr Zmhr. OmJ¥VrV XohVmXmËå` Ambo H$s
{df`mgŠVr AmbrM. åhUyZ Xoh åhUOo _r Agm g§H$ën hoM nmng§H$ënmMo bjU
hmò . ZmW åhUVmV, "_r Xoh åhUVm ~«÷hË`m H$moQ>rŸ& `oD${Z`m nmR>r WmonQ>rVrŸ&&'
"Xoh _r dmQ>o Á`m ZamŸ& Vmo OmUmdm AmË_hË`mamŸ& Xohm{^_mZ| `oaPmamŸ&
^mo{Jë`mM ^moJrŸ&&' (Xm. 5-6-15) ~mobVm§Zm _mÌ _Zwî` AmnU Xoh_ZmhÿZ
{^Þ Ago ~mobVmo, nU Kmoa AkmZm_wio Ë`mMr OmUrd ~wÜXrV `oV Zmhr. _mPm
Xoh, _mPm S>moim, _mPo _Z `m eãXm§Zr _r `m gdm©doJim Amho AgoM Vmo gy{MV
H$arV Zmhr H$m ? _mPm Xoh Eogo åhUVmoŸ& Var Xohm doJim{M VmoŸ& _Z _mPo
åhUVmoŸ& Var Vmo _Zhr ZìhoŸ&& Xoh B§{Ð`m{XH$m§Mo VmXmËå`m_wio Ago ~mobV AgyZhr
OmUV Zmhr hoM nmn. lw{V åhUVo, "AÝ`Wm g§V_mË_mZ_Ý`Wm à{VnÚVoŸ& qH$
VoZ Z H¥$V§ nmn§ MmoaoUmË_mnhm[aUmŸ&' AmË_mMm¡`© hoM Kmoa nmn ! gmam§e,
ñdê$nmMo AkmZm_wio Xoh~wÜXr, Ë`m_wio {df`mgŠVr d Ë`m_wio Aew^H$_© -
åhUOo nmn. Aer hr nmn - g§H$ënmMr àd¥Îmr Amho. åhUyZ "_Zm nmn' g§H$ën
gmoSy>Z Úmdm.' _J "gË` g§H$ën Ordr Yamdm' åhUOo gË` g§H$ënmMm
{Oìhmim R>odmdm. AÛ¡V H$ënr Vo ewÜXŸ& Û¡V H$ënr Vo AewÜXŸ&& gË`
g§H$ën åhUOo ewÜX H$ënZm OmJ¥V R>odmdr. Vr åhUOo "gmo@h§' VmoM _r
na_mË_m Agm gË`~«÷mMm g§H$ën. gmo@h§ AmË_m ñdmZ§XKZŸ& AOÝ_m Vmo
Vy{M OmUŸ& ho gmYyMo dMZŸ& gwÑT> YamdoŸ& (Xm. 8-8-33) AmË_gmjmËH$mam{dZm
CJrM _r AmË_m Amho Ago qMVZ H$ê$Z H$m` Cn`moJ Ago dmQ>ob. nU g§V
åhUVmV, H$s Vgo AÅ>mhmgmZo qMVZ H$am. Vm|S>mZo Var daModa Vgo åhUm. lr
dmgwXodmZ§X åhUVmV - "_r ~«÷ Z g§gmarŸ& ho qM{VOo A§VarŸ& ho qMVZ Z
KS>o VarŸ& dmŠ` Cƒmar ho {ZË`Ÿ&&' `m Aä`mgmZo ^«_a H$sQ>dVŸ& ~«÷^md hmo`
{ZpíMVŸ& g§e` gmoSy>Z gVVŸ& H$amdm {ZpíMV Aä`mg hmŸ&& H$maU _r Xohr
Ord hm AkmZmZo A§V:H$aUmda ~gbobm {MdQ> g§ñH$ma, gmo@h§ øm g§ñH$mamMo
_mè`m{edm` Xya hmoV Zmhr. H$ënZoZ| H$ënZm gaoŸ& Eogr OmUmdr MVwa|Ÿ& g~i
Jo{b`m Z§VaoŸ& ewÜX CabrŸ&& (Xm. 7-5-38) _r Xoh hm AgË` g§H$ën, _r
~«÷ ôçm gË` g§H$ënmZo nwgyZ Q>mH$m`Mm. ho AmË_qMVZ H$go Ho$bo OmVo ho
am_JrVoV am_ bú_Umbm gm§JVmV - "àH$meê$nmo @h_Omo @ h_Û`mo
gH¥${Û^mdmo@h_Vrd {Z_©b: Ÿ&&' `m gË` g§H$ënmZo Amnbo ñdê$n {ZpíMV hmoVo
Am{U {df` g§H$ënmV _Z Jw§Vbo Va hmb {dMmê$ ZH$m. åhUyZ _Zm H$ënZm
Vo ZH$mo drf`m§Mr - H$ënZodmMyZ àmÊ`mMr hmbMmbM Zmhr. Vmo {ZObm Var Vr
S>moŠ`mV amhVo. Ord Jobm Var dmgZmê$nmZo Vr {Od§V amhVo. gwI, Xw:I, ~§Y,
_moj `m Û¡Vmbm H$maU VrM. AmË_kmZ Pmbo åhUOo {Odm~amo~a Vr gVr OmVo.
AmMma, Cƒma, {dMma `m gdmªMo _yi H$ënZmM. {df` H$ënZm H$m ZH$mo ? H$maU
{df`mVrb A{ZË`Vm hrM Xw:Imbm H$maU Amho. dmñV{dH$ {df`m§_wio Oo gwI
Pmbogo dmQ>Vo. Vo {df`mVrb gwI ZgyZ, j{UH$ d¥{Îm pñWa Pmë`m_wio AmË_gwIM
AgVo. nU AkmZm_wio `mMr OmUrd ZgVo. {dMmamA§Vr {df` Xw:Iê$n hoM
àVrVrbm `oVo. hr Xw:Io Mma àH$maMr AmhoV. (1) n[aUm_ Xw:I -
B§{Ð`{e{WbVm. ^moJmÝVr à{V{H«$`mê$n _ZñVmn, d AZwVmn (2) Vmn Xw:I -
amoJmoËnÎmr Oam, AH$mbr _¥Ë`y. A{YH$m[a`m [aJVm§ Jm§dmoŸ& hmo` O¡gm CËgmhmoŸ&
H$m§ F$Umdar {ddmhmoŸ& {dñVm[abmŸ&& (km. 18-795) (3) g§ñH$ma Xw:I -
OgOgo {df`godZ hmoV OmVo, VgVgo g§ñH$ma {Z_m©U hmoD$Z A{YH$ {df` àd¥Îmr
hmoVo. eodQ>r V¥ßVr Zmhr Vr ZmhrM. {df` go{dVm H$moU V¥ßV PmbmŸ& B§YZo
{Z_mbm A½Zr H$moR>oŸ&& (4) JwUd¥Îmr {damoY - {df` gmpËdH$ Agob Va amOg-
Vm_g d¥ÎmrMm {damoY. `o {h g§ñne©Om ^moJm Xw:I`moZ` Ed VoŸ& AmÚÝVdÝV:
H$m¢Vo` Z Vofw a_Vo ~wY:Ÿ& (^. Jr. 5-22) åhUmo{Z {df` - ^moJt Oo gwIŸ& V|
gmÚ§V{M OmU Xw:IŸ&n[a H$m` H$[aVr _wI©Ÿ& Z go{dVm§ Z gaoŸ& (km. 5-120)
gm§Sy>{Z am_ AmZ§XKZŸ& Á`mMo _Zr {df` qMVZŸ& Ë`m{g H¡$go g_mYmZŸ&
bmob§JVmgrŸ&& (Xm. 3-10-62) {df`dmgZoZo _Z {dH$mar hmoD$Z OJmV \${OVrM
hmoVo. åhUyZ "{dH$mao KS>o hmo OJt gd© Mr Mr.' _ZmMo {dH$ma n§Mdrg AmhoV.
H$m_, H«$moY, bmo^, _X d _moh, _Ëga ho Ë`mV à^mdr AmhoV. åhUyZ øm§Zm fS²>[any
åhUVmV. Ë`m§Mo `moJo H$go AY:nVZ hmoVo ho JrVoV gm§{JVbo Amho. Ü`m`Vmo
{dfÝnyg:Ÿ& (^. Jr. 2-62,63)
ZH$mo ao _Zm H«$moY hm IoXH$marŸ&
ZH$mo ao _Zm H$m_ ZmZm{dH$marŸ&
ZH$mo ao _Xm gd©Wm A§{JH$mê$Ÿ&
ZH$mo ao _Zm _Ëgê$ X§^^mê$Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
14 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 15

_mJrb ûcmoH$mV {df`mH$S>o YmdUmao _Z {dH$mar hmoD$Z àmÊ`mMr \${OVr
qH$dm AdZVr H$er hmoVo ho gm§{JVbo. {df`mMo Ü`mZ bmJbo H$r _ZmZo Ë`mMr
g§JVr hmoVo. g§JVr_wio H$m_ CX²^dVmo. Ë`mVyZ H«$moY - _moh ñ_¥{V^«§e - ~wÜXrZme
d eodQ>r AY:nVZ Aer hr {dH$ma na§nam g§^dVo. Ë`m fS²>[an§yMoM AmVm {ddoMZ
g_WmªZr gwê$ Ho$bo Amho. àW_ nmM [any§MmM CëboI Ë`m§Zr Ho$bm Amho. H$m_mMr
nyV©Vm Oer dmT>V OmVo Vgm bmo^ dmT>Vmo. H$m_nyVu, dmgZmnyVu åhUOoM bmo^mMm
CX` Agë`m_wio H$m_mV bmo^mMm A§V^m©d hmoVmo. íbmoH$mV H«$moYmMm CëboI
àW_ Ho$bm Amho, nU H$m_mVyZM H«$moY CËnÝZ hmoV Agë`m_wio JrVoÀ`m
g§JVrà_mUo `m [any§Mm {dMma H$ê$`m.
H$m_ åhUOo dmgZm hoM gd© {dH$mam§Mo _yi. H$m_ åhUOo AmdS>Ë`m
{df`mMm A{^bmf qH$dm BÀN>m. hm jw{YVm§Mm amOm Amho. ømMr hmd Xm§S>Jr
AgVo. _Zy åhUVmo "àmUr Á`m Á`m Moï>m H$aVmo Ë`m H$m_MoîQ>mM hmoV. B§{Ð`m§Zr
KoVbobm ^moJ H$m_mMmM. eãX dmgZo_wio qH$dm ZmX dmgZo_wio EoH$Uo, ñne©
dmgZo_wio ñÌr-nwÌm{X gwImMr hmd, ê$n-dmgZo_wio nmhÊ`mMr CËgwH$Vm, ag
dmgZo_wio {Oìhmbm¡ë` d J§Y - dmgZo_wio gwdm{gH$ nXmWm©Mm ^moJ. Aem `m
n§M{df` dmgZmW© gd© n«mÊ`m§À`m Moï>m hmoVmV - ({H«$`m).
`m H$m_{dH$mamVrb _w»`Ëdo VrZ {dH$mam§_Ü`o _Zwî` OmñV Jwa\$Q>Vmo
Am{U Ë`m§À`m Vrd« dmgZm§_wio OÝ_na§nam AmoT>dyZ KoVmo. `m VrZ {dH$mam§da _mV
H$aVm Ambr, Va _Zwî`mbm _aUmMrhr ^rVr Zmhr. Vo {dH$ma åhUOo AmMm`©
åhUVmV, ""H$m§VmM {Oìhm-H$ZH§$ M Vm{Z ê$U{Õ`ñVñ` ^`§ Z _¥Ë`mo:''
H$m_ {dH$mamnmgyZ CËnÝZ Pmboë`m XohmV H$m_mMo R>mUo AgUo ñdm^m{dH$M Amho.
nwê$fmMo {R>H$mUMm JwßV H$m_ CÔr{nV H$aÊ`mMo B©ída{Z{_©V eñÌ åhUOo ñÌr.
bú_UmMo _m§S>rda grVm_mB© Pmonbr AgVm, lram_ nmonQ>ê$nmZo n«íZ {dMmaVmV.
_ZmoYmd{V gd©Ì _XmoÝ_V JO|ÐdV²Ÿ& A§Ho$ pñWVm nañÌr MoV² H$ñ`
ZmoƒbVo _Z:Ÿ&& bú_UmMo CÎma - kmZm§Hw$eo g_wËnÝZo Vñ` ZmoƒbVo
_Z:Ÿ&& ZmW åhUVmV, ""Q>ŠH$a ImUmam nwT>Mm {dMma Z H$aVm ~oJw_mZ ~ogmdY
hmoD$Z YmdVmo. VÛV² Vmê$Ê`mV OÝ_, _¥Ë`w, Oam ì`mYr `m§Mm {dMma Z H$aVm ñÌr
_mohmZo _Zwî` ~o^mZ hmoVmo. Va {Oìhmbm¡ë`m_wio _Zwî` A^j^jUm{X nmno H$aVmo.
H$ZH$ åhUOo Ðì` Ë`mMo 15 AZW© AmnU AZw^dVmoM. ñVo`§,
qhgm, AZ¥V§, X§^:, H$m_:, H«$moY:, ñ_`:, _X: BË`m{X. Agm hm Hw$_mJm©H$S>o
~bmËH$mamZo àdV©{dUmam EH$ H$m_M Amho. ì`mdhm[aH$ eÌy, gm_-Xm_-X§S>-^oX
dJ¡ao Cnm`m§Zr Zme nmdVmo. Vgm hm Nw>nm eÌy ~mø Cnm`m§Zr Zme nmdV Zmhr.
H$m_ à{VhV Pmbm åhUOo {MÎmd¥Îmr ObZmË_H$ hmoVo, øm jwãY d¥ÎmrbmM
H«$moY åhUVmV. H$m_nyVu Pmbr H$s, bmo^ d H$m_ AnyU© am{hbm, H$s H«$moY nwT>o
hmoVmo. OoW H$m_wŸ& CnObmŸ& VoW H«$moYy AmYr§{M AmbmŸ&& (km. 2-322) d¡am½`,
^ŠVr, J«§WkmZ, gmpËdH$d¥Îmr gmao H$mhr `m§À`mnwT>o bQ>Ho$ nS>VmV d Ë`m§Mm èhmg
hmoVmo. hmM eodQ>r IoX CËnÝZ H$aVmo d níMmVmnmbm H$maUr^yV hmoVmo. H«$moY hm
IoX g§nmXr OoWo VoWo MhÿH$S>oŸ& {ddoH$ nmhVm H¡$Mm ewÜXr VoWo Ago{M ZmŸ&&
AmnU H$m` H$aVmo `mMrM _wir ewÜXr CS>Vo. Aer ^yb nS>br H$s _J {ddoH$
Hw$R>bm, amJmMo ^amV Oo hmoB©b Vo hmoB©b. Xwgam gwIr nm{hb H$r S>moŠ`mV {VS>rH$
CR>Vo, A§JmMr bmhr hmoVo.
_X = CÝ_ÎmnUm, J{d©ð>nUm, Ah§H$ma. nyd© gwH¥$VmZwgma dmgZm§Mr
n[anyV©Vm hmoD$ bmJbr H$s _Zwî` _mOVmo.
B©ídamoh_h§ ^moJr{gÜXmoh§ ~bH$mÝgwIrŸ&& BË`m{X `mMoM dU©Z. `m_wioM
_Zwî` dmQ>ob Vmo AÝ`m` H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm hmoVmo. hm _Îm Agwa hmo`. åhUyZ `mMm
H$Yrhr A§JrH$ma H$ê$ Z`o.
_Ëga = Amnë`mnojm Xwgam Cƒ pñWVrV Agbobm Z nmhdUo. `mZo
ñdV:Mm \$m`Xm Z hmoVm Xwgè`m~Ôb AZmXa dmT>Vmo. Am{U _Zwî` ñdV:M _ZñVmn
AmoT>dyZ KoVmo. Xwgè`mg Oo dmB©Q> qMVmdo VoM ñdV:Mo ~moH$m§S>r ~gVo. H$moÊ`mhr
OrdmMm Z KS>mo _ËgaŸ&& _Ëgamà_mUoM X§^hr loð> eÌy Amho. X§^ = _wimV
H$mhrM ZgVmZm gË`mMm XoImdm d Vmohr CJrMM. X§^mMm dmna ñdV:Mo
à{VîR>ogmR>r. Var V`m{M Amgwam§Ÿ& Xmofm§-_mOr O`m dramŸ& dmS>nUmMm S>m§JmoamŸ&
Vmo X§^w EogmŸ&& (km. 16-217) Xm§{^H$, {deofV: AmnU \$ma Ym{_©H$ Amhmo Ago
^mgdVmo. S>m§Jmoam {nQ>Vmo. kmZmo~m åhUVmV - naVrambm nmoM{dUmar Zmd S>moŠ`mda
KoVbr Va Vr ~wS>{dVo: OJ{dUmao AÝZ Ë`mMo \$mOrb godZ Ho$ë`mg {dfmà_mUo
_maH R>aVo. Vgo BhnabmoH$ gmYyZ XoUmam Y_©, Ë`mMm Ho$di \$mOrb nwH$mam
Ho$ë`mg Vmo VmaH$ AgyZhr _maH$ R>aVmo. nmoH$i ~S>~S>rZo Ë`mMo AY_m©V ê$nm§Va
hmoVo. åhUyZ hm X§^ ZH$mo.
Ago ho fS>[any aOmoJwUmË_H$ AgyZ `m§Mo VmdS>rV gmnS>boë`m
16 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 17

moH$m§Zm nabmoH$ XyaM, BhbmoH$hr gwImdh hmoV Zmhr. AmMm`© åhUVmV-
""H$: eya: ? `mo bbZm bmoMZ ~mU¡Z© ì`{WV:Ÿ&'' JrVoVhr "{Ì{dY§ Za H$ñ`oX§
Ûma§Ÿ&&' Ago åhQ>bo Amho. nmoQ>t ~m§Ymo{Z nmfmUŸ& g_wÐt ~mht Am§JdUŸ& H$m
{O`md`m OodUŸ& H$miHy$Q>mM|Ÿ&& Bht H$m_ H«$moY-bmo^|gtŸ& H$m`© {gÜXr OmU
V¡gtŸ& åhUmo{Z R>mdmo{M nwgtŸ& ``m§Mm JmŸ&& (km. 16-436,437)
Ë`mVë`m Ë`mV H$m_ [anyadaM A{YH$ bj nm{hOo. H$maU Ë`mÀ`m
ApñVËdm_wioM BVa n§M[any {Z_m©U hmoVmV. hmM Vmo kmZrOZm§À`m kmZmbm PmH$Umam
eÌy. `mÀ`m `moJmZoM ê$nhmZr e{ŠVhmZr Ðì`hmZr namonarŸ& `m{VhmZr
Hw$ihmZr gd© hmZrM hmoVgoŸ& Îmñ_mËdq_{Ð`mÊ`mXm¡ {Z`å` ^aVf©^Ÿ&
(^. Jr. 3-41)
EH$Q>m hm [any qOH$bm H$s `mVyZM {Z_m©U hmoUmao H«$moYm{X d¡ar
ghO Zme nmdVmV. `m H$m_ZmemW© Cnm` EH$M - _Zm gË` g§H$ën Ordr
Yamdm. ñdê$n gwImnwT>o H$m_gwI {\$Ho$ nS>Vo.
_Zm loð> Ym[aï> Ordr§ YamdoŸ&
_Zm ~mobU| ZrM gmoerV Omd|Ÿ&
ñd`| gd©Xm Z_«dmM| dXmd|Ÿ&
_Zm gd© bmoH$m§{g ao Zrddmd|Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV H$m_H«$moYm{X Amgwar d¥ÎmtMm Zme H$aUog gm§{JVbo.
`m ûcmoH$mV, na_mWm©bm nmofH$ Aem H$mhr X¡dr JwUm§Mm Aml` H$aÊ`mMm _Zmg
CnXoe Amho. `m ûcmoH$mV Y¥{V, j_m d Anmê$î` åhUOo __©^oXH$ eãX Z CƒmaUo
`m X¡dr JwUm§Mm {dMma gm§JVmV.
""AmKmVr CnOo Ym[aï> Vo loð> Ym[aï>.'' AmKmV Ambo AgVm
Ë`m§Zm gwImZo PobÊ`mMr Or g_W© d¥Îmr - loð> Ym[aï>. {hå_V Zgob,
Km~aQ>nUm Agob Va àn§M ZrQ> hmoV Zmhr, ZwH$gmZrMm hmoVmo. àmn§{MH$
AmKmVm§Zm \$maM Y¡`m©Zo Vm|oS> Úmdo bmJVo.JS>~Sy>Z, Yra gmoSy>Z ^mJV Zmhr.
_¡ÌrV {dVwï> `oVo. nU nQ>V Zgob VoWo {_ÌËd amIUo, ho YmS>gmZo, ghZerbVoZo
hmoVo. dmB©Q> N>§X, {df`, Y¡`mZo amoImdo bmJVmV. àmaãYmZo OS>boë`m amoJmg
Y¡`m©Zo Vm|S> Úmdo bmJVo. {à` dñVyMm {d`moJ Pmë`mg Yra gmoSy>Z MmbV
Zmhr. A{à` dñVy àmßV Pmbr Va Vr ~mOybm hmoB©n`©V YramZo ghZ H$amdr
bmJVo. AÜ`mpË_H$, A{Y^m¡{VH$ d Am{YX¡{dH$ `m {Ì{dY Vmnm§Zm YramZo
Vm|S> Úmdo bmJVo, Q>ŠH$a Úmdr bmJVo, Eogo {MÌ jmo^mMm§ AdgarŸ& CMby{Z
Y¡`m© O| Mm§Jmd| H$arŸ& (km. 16-196) Ago Ym[aï> àn§Mmbm bmJVo. `§ hr
Z ì`W`ÝVo Vo nwê$f§ nwê$ff©^Ÿ& g_ Xw:I§ gwI§ Yra§Ÿ& (^. Jr. 2-15) _Ü`_
gmYH$mgmR>r àn§MmMm nmR>nwamdm H$aUmao g_W© åhUVmV, ""AmYtM VH$dm
([§h§_V) gm{S>bmŸ& _Ü`|M qYdgm gm§{S>bmŸ& Var g§gma hm godQ>mbmŸ& H¡$gm
nmdoŸ& (Xm. 19-10-27) Yra gm§{S>Vm H$m` hmoV|Ÿ& AdK| gmogmd| bmJV|Ÿ&''
(Xm. 19-10-30) EdrVodr gmogmdo bmJVo._J {IÝZ _ZmZo gmogÊ`mnojm,
hgV IoiV Vo H$m gmogy Z`o ? `mgmR>r Y¡`©. ""O¡gr pñWVr Amho V¡emnar
amho'' ho EH$ZmWm§Mo dmŠ` EoH$yZ g§V AmiernUm {eH$dVmV,Agm H$mhr Q>rH$mH$ma
Amamon H$aVmV. nU hm AmiernUm ZgyZ _ZmÀ`m _ohZVrZo d¥Îmr pñWa H$aÊ`mMm
`ËZ Amho. ho _mZ{gH$ `wÜX Amho. hr gmonr Jmoï> Zmhr. VwH$m åhUo Vmo{M g§VŸ&
gmoer OJmMo AmKmVŸ&& `m gd© àmn§{MH$ AmKmVm§Zm ~mOybm gmê$Z, B©ídaàmßVrMo
Ü`o` nwT>o R>odyZ Ë`mgmR>r PJS>Uo hoM loð> Ym[aï> Amho.
Y¥Ë`m ``m Yma`Vo _Z: àmU|{Ð`{H«$`m:Ÿ& `moJoZm ì`{^Mm[aÊ`mŸ&&(^.
Jr. 18-33) nar na_mË_`m MH«$dVuŸ& CJ{UVr O§d hmVtŸ& Vd bm§My Z KoVm
Y¥VrŸ& Y[aOVr {O`mŸ&& (km. 18-743)
Z {_imo Imd`m Z dmT>mo g§VmZŸ& n[a hm Zmam`U H¥$nm H$amoŸ&& Aer
{OÔ R>odUo `oamJ~mimMo H$m_ Zìho. H$moUrhr H$mhrhr dmH$S>o ~mob ~moby Xo, Vo
ghZ H$amdo, Agm H$m CnXoe Ho$bm ? EdT>çmMgmR>r H$s ~mobUmè`mbmM
níMmVmn ìhmdm. `mV EH$ d_© Amho. AmnU _mÌ A§V~m©ø ewÜX d {ZanamYr
Agbo nm{hOo. AmnU AewÜX, Xmofr AgyZ Xwgam Q>mHy$Z ~mobbobo AmnU
ghZ Ho$bo Va Vmo H$moS>JonUm, {Zb©‚mnUm hmo`. Ë`mV Amnbm H$mhrM \$m`Xm
Zmhr. nU AmnU ewÜX, {ZXm}fr AgyZ Xwgam ~mobbm, Va Vo Ë`mÀ`m
níMmÎmmnmg H$maU hmoVo. YHo$ MnoQ>o gmogmdoŸ& ZrM eãX gmhmV OmdoŸ&
àñVmdmoZ namdoŸ& Amnbo hmVrŸ&& (Xm. 15-6-22) Xwgam Q>mHy$Z ~mobbm Va Vo
ghZ H$amd| ho Iao, nU Ë`mg CÎma Úmdo H$s ñdñW ~gmdo ? g_W© åhUVmV,
"_wirM ñdñW ~gy Z`o. CÎma Úmdo' nU Vo Ago Zo_Ho${M ~mobmd|Ÿ&
VmËH$mi{M à{VdMZ Úmd|Ÿ& H$Xm{n amJmg Z `mdoŸ& j_mê$noŸ&& (Xm.
12-10-10) CX§S> {Y:H$mê${Z ~mobVrŸ& nar Mim| ZoXmdr em§VrŸ& XwO©Zmg
18 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 19

{_imoZ OmVrŸ& YÝ` Vo gmYyŸ&& (Xm. 12-10-16) AmnU Ho$gm§Zm YmaU
H$aVmo `mMr XmX Xohmbm ZgVo. Vgo H$moUVmhr AmKmV _r ghZ H$aVmo, `mMm
Ah§H$ma CËnÝZ Z ìhmdm, Aer ghOj_m Agmdr. hm CnXoe na_mW©
gmYH$mg Amho, g§gm[aH$mg Zmhr, ho bjmV R>odmdo. `m j_o_wio Ah§H$ma Zme
hmoVmo d em§Vr bm^Vo. em§Vr naVo Zmhr gyIŸ& `oa AdKo{M Xw:IŸ& åhUCZr
em§Vr YamŸ& CVamb n¡bVramŸ&&
Z_« dmMm hm EH$ _hÎdmMm JwU Amho. dmUr JmoS> Agbr Va Vmo
OJ{_Ì hmoVmoo. OJm_Y| OJ{_ÌŸ& {Oìhonmgt Amho gyÌŸ& (Xm. 19-2-19) `mMm
AW© JmoS> JmoS> Wmnm _maUo Zìho. ì`mdhm[aH$ ^mfm Agmo AJa EImXo
gË`H$WZ Agmo Vo gm¡å` eãXmVM ìhmdo. ZmZm OZm§Mo öX`oŸ& _¥XweãXo
CH$bmdoŸ& EImXo gË`H$WZ Vo Ho$di gË` Amho, åhUyZ H$R>moa dmUrZo gm§Jy
Z`o. "amOm d Ë`mMm _¥V amKy' øm Jmoï>rVrb {dZmoX gmoS>m. nU gË`H$WZ
gm¡å` eãXm§VM ìhmdo. dmUr Z_« H$m Agmdr ?
(1) ñdmZw^dmZo Ver Vr Agmdr Ago dmQ>Vo. H$maU H$R>rU eãX|
dmB©Q> dmQ>V|Ÿ& h| Vm| àË``mg `oV|Ÿ& _J dmB©Q> ~mobmd| V|Ÿ& H$m` {Z{_Î`Ÿ&&
(Xm. 12-10-23)
(2) Xwgè`mMo H$R>rU eãX Ogo AmnUm§g Pm|~VmV. VgoM Amnbohr
Ë`mbm Pm|~Vrb åhUyZ Oo Xwgè`mg Xw:I H$arŸ& Vo An{dÌ d¡IarŸ& AmnUmg
KmV H$arŸ& H$moUr EHo$ àg§JrŸ&& (Xm. 12-10-25) Xwï>dmUrZo A§V:H$aUmda
hmoUmè`m OI_m _aon`©V ~è`m hmoV ZmhrV. Ë`m_wio KamÊ`m - KamÊ`mVrb
{dVwï>, Ûof {Z_m©U Pmë`mMo B{Vhmg gm§JVmo.
(3) JmoS>dmUr ho dmL²>_` Vn Amho. AZwÛoJ H$a§ dmŠ`§ gË`§
{à`{hV§M`V² `m Mma {deofUm§V EH$hr CUo Agob Va Vo dmL²>_` Vn åhUVm
`oUma Zmhr. åhUyZ Z_« dmMo dXmdo. Xwgè`mg Amnë`m ghdmgmZo gwI hmoB©b
AgoM dmJmdo. Xwgè`mMo Xw:I| XwIdmd|Ÿ& nag§Vmof§o gwIr ìhmd|Ÿ& àm{U_mÌmg
_oidyZ ¿`mdoŸ& ~è`m eãX|Ÿ& (Xm. 12-10-7) doS>çmg doS>| åhUm| Z`oŸ& d_©
H$Xm{n ~mobm| Z`oŸ& VarM YS>o {Xp½dO`oŸ& {Zñn¥hm{gŸ&& (Xm. 13-10-26)
gdmªZm g_mZ boIyZ Ë`m§Mr A§V:H$aUo em§V H$amdr. D§$MZrM åhUmo Z`oŸ&
gH$im§Mo {Zddmdo öX`Ÿ& `m `moJmZo AmnUm§g em§Vr {_iyZ Xwgamhr gwIr
hmoB©b.
Xoh Ë`m{JVm§ H$s{V© _mJ| CamdrŸ&
_Zm g‚mZm ho{M H«$s`m YamdrŸ&
_Zm M§XZmMo nar Ëdm§ {POmd§oŸ&
nar A§Var g‚mZm Zrddmd|Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&
ûcmoH$ 7 _Ü`o bmoH$mg Zrddmdo `m ûcmoH$m§V ""g‚mZm Zrddmdo,
Xwï> dmgZm Yê$ Z`o, nmng§H$ën gmoS>mdm, gË`g§H$ën OmJdmdm, fS²>[any
amoImdo, bmoH$mg g§Vmof Úmdm'' BË`m{X nyd© íbmoH$mVrb CnXoemZ§Va BVH$m
IQ>mQ>mon H$em§gmR>r, `mMo H$maU `m íbmoH$mV gm§{JVbo Amho. _mZdr
OrdZmMo gyÌ H$moUVo `mMm {dMma `oWo Pmbm Amho. gd© `moZrV§ ZaXoh loð>,
H$maU ZaXohmMo {R>H$mUr Agbobo kmZ hmo`. _Zwî`-XohtMoqZ kmZoŸ& g{ƒXmZ§X
- nXdr KoU|Ÿ& EdT>m A{YH$ma Zmam`U|Ÿ& H¥$nmdbmoH$Z| XrYbmŸ&& (Zm. ^m.
9-330) `odT>m Oa _mZdmbm loð> A{YH$ma Amho, Va Ë`mMoH$Sy>Z H$m`©hr
loð> XOm©Mo Pmbo nm{hOo. ZmhrVa Vmo ZwgVm ZmdmMm _mZd qH$dm _mZdM
Zìho. __ dË_m©ZwdV©ÝVo _Zwî`m: nmW© gd©e: (^. Jr. 3-23) Am{U _r ~mobVmo
lrnVrŸ& H$s gd© _Zwî` _mÂ`m _mJ©o dV©VrŸ& Vo|ìhm Oo _mÂ`m gÝ_mJu dV©VrŸ&
Vo{M _Zwî`Ÿ&& (dm_Z n§{S>V `. Xr. 3 - 371) H$sVug nmÌ EH$ _mZdM
Amho. åhUyZ g_W© åhUVmV, ""Xoh Ë`m{JVm H$s{V© _mJo CamdrŸ&&''
`mgmR>r Amnbr dmJUyH$ AerM Agmdr H$s Á`m`moJo Amnbm
Zmdbm¡{H$H$ _aUmZ§Vahr _mJo amhmdm. bmoHo$fUogmR>r åhUOo bmoH$m§Zr ~ao åhUmdo
åhUyZ ~ao dmJm`Mo ZgyZ, ^m½`mZo ZaXoh àmßV Pmbm Amho, åhUyZ _mUwgH$sbm
emo^ob Ago gÝ_mJm©Zo dmJbo nm{hOo. åhUOo H$s{V© AmnmoAmn CaVoM. à`ËZmZo
H$s{V© hmoV Zmhr. {Z:ñn¥hnUo Amnbo H$V©ì` Ho$bo. åhUOo AmnmoAmn H$s{V© _mJo
bmJVo. H$s{V© H$aUo AdKS>.
_Zwî`mZo {POmdo H$go, `mgmR>r {Vgè`m MaUmV M§XZmMm Ñï>m§V
{Xbm Amho. "H$s{V© _mJo Camdr' ho g_OÊ`mg gwJ§Yr \w$bmMm Ñï>m§V `mo½`
hmoB©b. _mZdr OrdZ gwJ§Yr \w$bmgmaIo Agmdo. gwJ§Yr \y$b BVam§Zm dmg
XoVoM. nU Ë`mÀ`m `m JwUm_wio Vo XodmÀ`m nm`mda, Camda Zìho, Va S>moH$sda
OmD$Z ~gVo. {Z_m©ë` åhUyZ Ë`mbm ~mOybm Q>mH$bo, Var Xoìhmè`mV Vo
Amnbm gwJ§Y R>odyZ OmVo. Xoh hm Zída Agë`m_wio CnObm àmUr _aUmaM.
nU Amnbr AmR>dU _mJo Zm§Xob Aer H¥$Vr OrdZmV ìhmdr. {ZJªY \y$b
20 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 21

gw§Xa Agob Va Ñï>rgwI XoB©b. nU _mJo dmg amhUma Zmhr. Ambo Vgo dmiyZ
OmB©b XwJªYr \w$bmÀ`m dmè`mbmhr H$moUr C^o amhUma Zmhr. `m {~Mmè`m XmoKm§Zr
H$m` H$amdo ? na_oídamZo EH$mV dmgM R>odbm Zmhr. Xwgè`mg dmg R>odbm nU
Vmo XwJªY, nU àm{Ug¥ï>rê$nr B©ídamÀ`m ~mJoVrb _mZd \y$b _moR>o {d{MÌ
Amho. Vo gwJ§Yr hmoVo. XwJªYr hmoVo qH$dm {ZJªYhr amhVo. B©ídamZo Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr
R>odbobo _Z - {d{MÌ M§Mb. _Z Oa X¡dr d¥ÎmrV Zm§Xy bmJob Va ho \y$b
gwJ§Y ~mhoa \o$H$Vo. Amgwar d¥ÎmrV Zm§Xy bmJob Va XwJªY gmoS>Vo d Ho$di
àmn§{MH$ d¥ÎmrV am{hbo Va {ZJªY amhVo d eodQ>r dmiyZ OmVo. H$sVu H$ê$Z
Zmhr _oboŸ& Vo CJrM Ambo Am{U JoboŸ& ho _Z X¡dr d¥ÎmrVM Zm§Xmdo åhUyZ
nmn~wÜXr ZH$mo, hm CnXoe. Eogo OmUmo{Z`m§ Ord|Ÿ& `mMo gmW©H${M H$amd|Ÿ&
OZr _amoZr Cadmd|Ÿ& H$s{V©-ê$n|Ÿ&& (Xm. 3-9-44) _amo{Z H$s{V© Cadmdr Zwadmdr
AnH$s{V© VoŸ& YÝ` YÝ` åhUo bmoH$Ÿ& gpËH«$`m H$[aVm ~arŸ& (ñ\w$. à. 3-19)
H$s{V©g§~§Yr g_WmªMr H$mhr {gÜXm§V dMZo AmhoV. H$s{V© Ho$ìhm hmoVo ?
H$m§hr EH$ CËH$Q>VodrUŸ& H$s{V© H$Xm{n Zìho OmUŸ&& (Xm. 19-3-24) EImXm
CËH¥$ï> JwU A§JmV Agë`m{edm` H$s{V© hmoV Zmhr. Ý`m` XoUmao am_emñÌr, amOH$maU
- Ywa§Xa ZmZm \$S>Urg, Ü`o`mgmR>r amZmdZmV hmb gmogUmam amUm àVmn, Jmo~«m÷U
à{VnmbH$ lr N>Ìn{V Aem AZoH$ ì`ŠVtMo Zmd AÚmnhr JmOV Amho. VgoM
CËH$Q> ^ŠVr, CËH$Q> kmZ, d¡am½`, em§Vr BË`m{X JwUm§Zr _hmamï´> g§Vm§Zrhr, Amnbr
H$s{V© JmO{dbr Amho. "½`mZ~m VwH$mam_'' O` O` am_Xmg _mD$br'' dJ¡ao
KmofUm§Zr AÚmnhr _hmamï´> JOy©Z am{hbm Amho.
H$s{V© nmhVm gwI ZmhrŸ& gwI nmhVm H$s[V© ZmhrŸ&& (Xm.
19-10-25) {POë`mdm§Mw{Z H$s[V© H¢$MrŸ& _mÝ`Vm Zìho H$s¨ \w$H$mMrŸ&&
(Xm. 19-3-24) CËH¥$ï> JwU A§Jr ~mUÊ`mgmR>r H$ï> H$amdo bmJVmV.
{POmdo bmJVo. M§XZo {POVo, nU OgOgo {POVo, VgmVgm Ë`mMm gwJ§Y gd©Ì
XadiVmo. ZmhrVa BVa OimD$ bmH$S>mVM Vo O_m Pmbo AgVo. O§dar M§XZ {POoZmŸ&
V§dar gwJ§Y H$ioZmŸ& M§XZ Am{U d¥j ZmZmŸ& gJQ> hmoVrŸ&& (Xm. 12-2-17)
O§d CÎm_ JwU Z H$ioŸ& Vm| `m OZmg H$m` H$ioŸ& CÎm_ JwU XoIVmŸ& {Zdio
OJXm§VaŸ&& (Xm. 12-2-18)
M§XZmgmaIo _ZmZo {POmdo åhUOo H$m` ? XohmÀ`m gd© {H«$`m
_ZmÀ`m AYrZ Agë`m_wio, AdKoMr gwIr AgmdoŸ& Eogr dmgZmŸ& _ZmZo
R>odUo ho _ZmZo {POÊ`mVrb VËd Amho. H$m`m, dmMm, _Zo, gpËH«$`m H$ê$Z bmoH$mg
gwI Úmdo. eara namonH$mar bmdmdoŸ& ~hÿVm§À`m H$m`m©g `md|Ÿ& CU| nS>mo ZoXmd|Ÿ&
H$moUr-`oH$mM|Ÿ&& (Xm. 12-10-5)
ûcmoH$mMo eodQ>r H$m`m, dmMm, _Zo {POÊ`mVrb EH$ d_© gm§{JVbo Amho.
_Zm Vy PrO nU g‚mZm§Zm g§Vmof {Xë`m{edm` amhÿ ZH$mog. g‚mZ H$moUmg åhUmdo
`mMr ì`m»`m H$aVmZm AmVm§ d§XrZ g‚mZŸ& Oo na_mWmªM| {ZYmZŸ& O`m§MoZr
JwøkmZŸ& àH$Q>o OZtŸ& (Xm. 1-5-1) H$moUmÀ`m "AYmV Zmhr _YmV Zmhr' Vmo
g‚mZ ZgyZ, VËdkmZr g§V åhUOo g‚mZ. g§V gËH¥$Ë`mZo g§Vwï> hmoVmV. Ë`m§Zm
ì`mdam{hH$-bm¡{H$H$ H$s{V© _mÝ` ZgVo. H$maU Vr WmoS>r {Xdg {Q>H$Vo Am{U
Ë`m_wio nwZO©Ý_ Q>iV Zmhr. bmo{H$H$ ~am g§nm{XbmŸ& nar A§Var OmJm Zmht
OmbmŸ& _w»` Xodmg MwH$bmŸ& Vmo AmË_KmVH$sŸ&& (Xm. 9-10-9) gH$i
Ho$br`m§Mo gmW©H$Ÿ& Xod dmoiImdm EH$Ÿ& AmnU H$moU hm {ddoH$Ÿ& nm{hbm
nm{hOoŸ&& (Xm. 9-10-13)H$maU ømVM ZaXohmMo gmW©H$ Amho åhUyZ g_W©
~OmdVmV, H$s Vwåhr namonH$ma,_¥Xw^mfU, Xwgè`mMo g_mYmZ gd© H$amM nU _w»`Ëdo
ho bjmV R>odm. _aUmMo ñ_aU Agmd|Ÿ& h[a^ŠVrg gmXa ìhmd|Ÿ& _amoZ H$sVug
CadmdoŸ& `oU| àH$ma|Ÿ&& (Xm. 12-10-13) `mZoM g‚mZm§Zm - g§Vm§Zm - g§Vmof
hmoVmo.
Xoh Ambm Vgm OmUma. nU AmË_ñdê$nmZo Vy _mJo Camdog. åhUOo Vy
AmË_kmZ H$ê$Z ¿`mdog. ho kmZ g§VH¥$noZo hmoVo. åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm à{UnmV H$ê$Z
n[aàíZ, godm BË`m{X _mJm©Zr g§Vwï> R>odmdo. _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gd© bmoH$m§{g ao
Zrddmd| `mV "g‚mZm Zrddmdo.'
ZH$mo ao _Zm Ðì` V| nw{T>bm§M|Ÿ&
AVr§ ñdmW©~wpÜX Z ao nmn gm§M|Ÿ&
KS>o ^moJU| nmn V| H$_© ImoQ>|Ÿ&
Z hmoVm _Zmgm[aIo Xw:I _moR>oŸ&&9Ÿ&&
gd© bmoH$m§g g_mYmZ {Xë`mZo ì`dhma gwa{iV hmoVmo. g‚mZm§Zm
g_mYmZ {Xbo Va na_mW© gwImMm hmoVmo. ñdmW© d na_mW© gwa{iV
MmbUogmR>r AmUIr EH$m _Zmo{dH$mamMm Ë`mJ H$amdm bmJVmo. Vmo åhUOo
"naÐì`mnhma'. nyduÀ`m ûcmoH$mV nmM {dH$mam§Mo dU©Z Ambo Amho. bmo^m~Ôb
22 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 23

`m ûcmoH$mV {ddoMZ.
n«n§MmV Ðì`m§Mr Amdí`H$Vm KS>moKS>r Amho. Ë`m{dZm _mZdmMm {Zdm©hM
hmoV Zmhr. àn§Mr nm{hOo gwdU©Ÿ& na_mWu n§MrH$aUŸ& ñdV:gH$Q> H$moUmbmhr
Z \$g{dVm nyU© Eo{hH$ gwI àmßV H$ê$Z KoUo - àn§M gmYUo. nwê$fmW© åhUOo
àmßVì` dñVyMr BÀN>m. BÀN>m ào_m_wio, ào_ gwIm_wio, gwI {df`m_wio d {df`
Ðì`m§_wio åhUyZ Ðì` {à` d Vo àmßV H$ê$Z KoUo hm nwê$fmW©. nU Y_m©H$S>o bj Z
XoVm AW© Vmo AZW©. Ðì` àmßVrgmR>r ñdmW© amhUmaM. nU Vmo AVr ñdmW© Zgmdm.
ñdÐì`mda Iwemb {Zdm©h H$amdm nU naÐì`mda ~mOramd hmoD$ Z`o.
Xwgè`mÀ`m Ðì`mnhmamZo nmn CËnÞ hmoVo. Á`m H$_m©Zo nmn CËnÞ hmoVo Vo H$_©
ImoQ>o - dmB©Q> KmVH$s. åhUyZ Ë`mÁ`. AVr ñdmW© gmYbm Va nmn,Oa gmYbm
Zmhr Va `m OÝ_rM Xw:I ^moJmdo bmJVo. CXm. _moR>m nJma AgyZ KoVbobr bmM.
Agm hm naÐì`mnhmamMm IoiI§S>mo~m Amho.Amnbo Amnë`mbm PonV Zmhr _J
Xwgè`mMo Km|JS>| H$embm KoVmog ? _m J¥Y: H$ñ`{MÜXZ_² (B©emdm). ñdÐì` H$go
N>iVo `mMo ZmWm§Zr dU©Z Ho$bo Amho YZmJ_Zr A{VH$ï>Ÿ& YZajUr H$bh
loð>Ÿ& YZZme| hmo` öX` ñ\$moQ>Ÿ& BhbmoH$s¨ H$ï> YZbmoä`mŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 23-
176) ho g_mYmZ H$aVo, åhUyZ Ë`mbm Z {edmdo Va hmb d _aU. AÞ
~«÷mnojm YZ ~«÷ loð>, H$maU YZm[edm` AÞM {_iV Zmhr. EH$doi AmOÝ_
~«÷Mmar amhVm `oB©b nU Cnmer H$gm amhUma ? am{hbm Var H$gm OJUma ?
åhUyZ Ðì` hdo. OJmVrb gd© ì`dhma `mMo Omoamda. g_WmªZr ZH$mo ao _Zm
Ðì` Vo nw[T>bm§Mo Agm CnXoe Ho$bm Amho. nU Amnbm gd© ì`dhmaM naÐì`mda
MmbUmam. d¡ÚmMo Ðì` amo½`mH$Sy>Z, dH$sbmg A{ebmH$Sy>Z, ì`mnmamMo
{JèhmBH$mH$Sy>Z, MmH$am§Mo _mbH$mH$Sy>Z Agm nXmonXr gd© ì`dhma MmbVmo.
_J darb CnXoemer _oi H$gm ~gm`Mm ? `mgmR>r ñdÐì`-naÐì` `mMm ZrQ>
CbJS>m H$ê$Z KoD$. C{MV qH$dm `mo½` _mo~Xbm XoD$Z Oo Ðì` KoVbo OmVo.
Vo ñdÐì` d AZw{MV, Anwam _mo~Xbm XoD$Z ñdrH$mabobo Ðì` Vo naÐì`.
AmO ì`dhmamV, JwimV Ym|S>o, gmoÝ`mV Vm§~o, YmÝ`mV IS>o, nJma AgyZ bmM
ho gmao naÐì`M. Ë`m_wioM IyZ, XamoS>o, Ominmoi `m§Mm gam©g dmna. Ë`m_wio
nmng§M`. OmoS>mo{Z`m YZ CÎm_ doìhmao àm_m{UH$nUmZo ñdÐì` g§M` H$am.
{Okmgyg Aer e§H$m `oUo ñdm^m{dH$ - Omo ~oNy>Q>, ~oJw_mZ naÐì`mnhma
H$aVmo, Vmo ì`mdhm[aH$ OJmV ^a^amQ>rbm Ambobm AmT>iVmo. `mMo CÎma
Ago , H$s {XgUmar ^a^amQ> nyd© nwÊ`mB©Mr AgVo d hmoUmao nmn nwT>o ^moJmdo
bmJVo. `: emó{d{Y_wËg¥Á` dV©Vo H$m_ H$maV:Ÿ& Z g {gpÜX_dmßZmo{V Z
gwI§ Z nam§ J{V_²Ÿ& (^. Jr. 16-23)"emñÌm~mhç qH$dm AZw{MV H$_m©Zo gwQ>H$m
hmoV Zmhr,loð> JVr Zmhr d Eo{hH$ gwIhr Zmhr' hm {gÜXm§V Amho. nmnmMo \$i
Ho$ìhmVar {_iUma ho {ZpíMV. naÐì`mnhma ho _moR>o nmn Amho. naÐì` naZmarMm
A{^bmfŸ& VoWy{Z`m èhmg gd© - ^m½`mŸ& K{Q>H$m {Xdg _mg, df] bmJo
VrZŸ& ~m§Ybo nVZ JmR>moS>rgŸ& nwT>o KmV Ë`mMm amoH$S>m eHy$ZŸ& nwT>| H$ar JwU
{ZíM`ogrŸ&& VwH$m åhUo EH$m VS>VmWdS>Ÿ& H$mi bmJo ZmS> narIamŸ&& (Jm.
3436) åhUyZ g_W© CnXoe H$aVmV. naÐì` ZH$mo.
ñdÐì`mV gwI _mZyZ amhUoV \$bàmßVr H$m` ? {OVH$m n¡gm VodT>çmVM
O_ ~gdm`Mm Agm EH$Xm {ZíM` Pmbm H$s hiyhiy N>mZN>moH$sda {Z`§ÌU
`oVo.Ë`m_wio AZoH$ {df`m§Mm Ë`mJ hmoVmo. {df` OgOgo gwQy> bmJVrb, VgVgo
d¡am½` ~migoXma hmoD$ bmJVo. Vrd« d¡am½`mZo {Zñn¥hVm ~mUVo. {Zñn¥hVm ~mUbr
H$s Vmo gmYH$ ^Jd§Vmbm {à` hmoVmo d Ë`mÀ`m H¥$nmàgmXmZo na_mW© gmYVmo.
Á`mgr bú_rMr {ZanojVmŸ& Ë`mMr {ZË` dñVr _mPo _mWm§Ÿ& Ë`mhrhmo{Z
n{T>`§VmŸ& Am{UH$ gd©Wm _O ZmhrŸ&& (Zm.^m. 19-114) OoW {Zñn¥hVm g_yi
gm§JŸ& Ë`mMr Zm§d X¥T> d¡am½`Ÿ& ho na_mWm©Mo {ZO^m½`Ÿ& `oUo lra§J gmnS>oŸ&
(Zm. ^m. 25-64)
nU naÐì`mnhmamMr ~wpÜX Pmbr H$s AY:nVZ R>aboboM. H$m_, H«$moY,
bmo^mà_mUo naÐì`, naXmam d naqZXm hrhr VrZ ZaH$mMr ÛmaoM hmoV. ({Ì{dY§
ZaH$ñ`oX§) naÐì`-naXmam-aVrŸ& namndmXmMr dX§VrŸ& hr Zm§d Jm "ZmaH$s
JVr'Ÿ& OmU {ZpíMVt CÜXdmŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 20-112) åhUyZ nmnmbm d Xw:Imbm
H$maUr^yV hmoUmar naÐì`mnhma ~w{Õ {hMm Ë`mJ H$a.
gXm gd©Xm àr{V am_t YamdrŸ&
Xw:ImMr ñd`| gm§S>r Ordt H$amdrŸ&
Xoho Xw:I V| gyI _mZrV Omd|Ÿ&
{ddoH|$ gXm ñdñdê$nr ^amdoŸ&&10Ÿ&&
AmVmn`ªVÀ`m ûcmoH$m§Mm {dMma Ho$ë`mg, ^ŠVrn§WmZoM OmUoMo
Ü`o` _ZmnwT>o R>odbo. Ë`mgmR>r à^mVr am_qMVZ d doimodoir Zm_moƒma ho
24 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 25

gmYZ gm§{JVbo. `m ûcmoH$mV gJwUê$nmZo ZQ>bobm Omo lram_ A§VamË_m
Ë`mdaM ào_ H$amdo d Ë`mÀ`mer EH$ê$n hmoD$Z Omdo Ago gm§JVmV. H$maU
Amnbohr VoM ê$n Amho. nyd© gmYZo_wio _Zmbm ñdê$nmH$ma hmoÊ`mMr nmÌVm `oVo.
Xwï>g§H$ën Ë`mJ, gË`g§H$ën ñdrH$ma, bmoH$m§Mo g_mYmZ, g‚mZ godm H$ê$Z
Ë`m§Zm g§Vmof{dUo, naX«ì`mMm A{^bmf gmoS>Uoo, øm_wio d¡am½` CËnÞ hmoD$Z
AÝV:H$aU ewÜX hmoVo, gmpÎdH$ ~ZVo. AÝV:H$aU ewÜX Pmbo H$s gmYH$
Zm_ñ_aUmdê$Z hiyhiy g»` ^ŠVrÀ`m nm`arda `oVmo d nwT>o EH$ê$n hmoVmo.
Xodmet g»`Ëd H$go amImdo d AmË_mam_r H$go {_giyZ Omdo `mgmR>r hm
ûcmoH$ gm§{JVbm gJwUr ^Omd|Ÿ& {ZJw©Ur AZÝ` ìhmdoŸ& ho `m ûcmoH$mMo gma
åhUVm `oB©bŸ&
g_W© _Zmbm åhUVmV, ""~m _Zm, ào_ H$am`Mo Vo Xohmda H$ê$
ZH$mog, Va öX`ñW Omo em_gw§Xa am_à^y Ë`mModa H$a. {ZJw©Um[edm` gJwU
Iao Zmhr ho Iao nU gJwU Iao Yaë`m{edm` {ZJw©Umbm nmohMVmM `oV Zmhr.
ZmVwS>o _w»` na_mË_mŸ& åhUmo{Z H$amdr bmJo à{V_mŸ& åhUyZ öX`ñW Omo
AÝVamË_m Ë`mModa à^y am_M§ÐmMr ^mdZm H$ê$Z Ë`mModaM ào_ R>od. hm
A§VamË_m Ogm AZm_r VgmM ghòZm_r AgyZ ^mdmMm ^wHo$bm Amho. åhUyZ
ào_mZo Ë`mMo ^OZ H$a. VmoM VwPm OÝ_moOÝ_rMm gmo~Vr Amho. Ho$di ñdmWu
qH$dm ñ_emZmn`ªV `oUmam hm gmo~Vr Zìho. {Odmda ào_ H$go H$amdo ho
`mbmM g_OVo. Xod àr{V amIm| OmUoŸ& Xodmgr H$amd| gmOU|Ÿ& {OdbJo AdKr
{ngyU|Ÿ& H$m_m Z `oVrŸ&& g»` XodmM| VwQ>oZmŸ& àr{V XodmMr {dQ>oZmŸ& Xod H$Xm
nmbQ>oZmŸ& eaUmJVm§grŸ&& (Xm. 4-8-29,30) åhUyZ àrVr am_r Yamdr, hm
AmJ«h.
Xodmda ho ào_ BVHo$ OS>mdo H$s Ë`mnwT>o XohXw:ImMr AmR>dUhr hmoD$
Z`o. CXm :- gVrMo ào_. gm§Sy>Zr Am§nwbr g§gmadoWmŸ& H$arV Omdr XodmMr
qMVmŸ& {Zê$nU H$sV©Z H$Wm dmVm©Ÿ& XodmÀ`mM gm§Jmì`mŸ&& (Xm. 4-8-7)
Amnwb| AdKoMr Omd|Ÿ& nar Xodmgt g»` amhmd|Ÿ& Eogr àrVr Ord| ^mdoŸ& ^Jd§Vr
bmJmdrŸ&& (Xm. 4-8-9) Xw:ImMr AmR>dU hmoD$ Z`o, `odT>oM Zìho Va
XohXw:I ho CbQ> gwIM dmQ>bo nm{hOo. Xohmbm AmnXm Ambr H$s Xod
AmR>dVmo.AmnXoMo ho _hV² CnH$maM ZìhoV H$m` ? åhUyZ Xohmbm Xw:I Pmbo.
qH$dm g§H$Q>o Ambr Var Ë`mVM Amnbo H$ë`mU Amho Ago OmUyZ gwI
_mZmdo. àn§MmV AmnU Ago dmJVmo _J XodmgmR>r H$m Zmhr ? AmnX: g§VwZ:
eídV² hm Hw§$VrZo _m{JVbobm da gd©lwV Amho.
eodQ>À`m AmoirV {ddoH$mZo am_ê$nr åhUOoM AmË_ñdê$nr {_giV
Omdo. Ago g_W© gm§JVmV. H$maU VoM Amnbo ñdê$n AgyZ VoM na~«÷hr Amho.
AmË_m ~«÷¡d Zm na:Ÿ&& {ddoH$ hm eãX \$ma _hËdmMm. àmn§{MH$ {dMmamnmgyZ
CËnÞ hmoUmè`m d¥Îmrbm {dMma åhUVmV. AmË_mZmË_ {dMmambmM {ddoH$
Ago åhUVmV. na_mWm©V {ddoH$mbm \$ma _hËd Amho. {ddoH$m_Ü`o gmnS>oZmŸ&
Eogo Vmo H$mhrM AgoZmŸ&& `m ûcmoH$mVrb {ddoH$ eãXmMm AW©M _ZmMo íbmoH$mVrb
gd© {R>H$mUr bmJy Amho. am_ê$n ho {ddoH$mZo OmUyZ ¿`mdo. {ddoH$mZo Xw:I gmoS>mdo.
{ddoH$mZo XohXw:I gwI _mZmdo Am{U {ddoH$mZoM ñdê$nr ^amdo.
AmË_mam_mda ào_ OS>bo H$s gmh{OH$M Ë`mMr H¥$nm hmoVo d `mo½`
Vmo {ddoH$ hmoD$Z ñdê$nkmZ àmßV hmoVo. XXm{_ ~wpÜX§ `moJ§ V§ `oZ _m_wn`m§{V VoŸ&&
Ago ^JdmZ² ñdV:M gm§JVmV. ào_mZ§Va {ddoH$ H$m` H$amdm ? Vmo hm gÐÿn,
{MÐÿn Am{U VÐÿnŸ& ñdñdê$n åh{UOo Amnb| ê$nŸ& Amnb| ê$n åhUOo
Aê$nŸ& VÎd-{ZagZm CnarŸ&& (Xm. 13-3-30) VÎdm§Mo JmR>moS>o earaŸ& `mMm
nmhVm§ {dMmaŸ& `oH$ AmË_m {Za§VaŸ& AmnU ZmhtŸ&& (Xm. 6-2-33) AI§S>,
kmZKZ, öX`ñW AmË_mam_mMo Oo ñdê$n VoM _mOo ñdê$n hmo`. n§M^m¡{VH$
Xoh ~mOybm Ho$bm åhUOo Xoh {Zamg Pmbm H$s _r Agm H$moUr {XgV Zmhr.
EH$M¡VÝ` KZ AmË_ê$nM CaVo, VoM Amnbo ñdê$n. _r _r åhUyZ Omo Amnbm
Xohmh§H$ma CR>Vmo, Vmo Ë`m AmË_mam_mMo ApñVËdmdaM. _mUgmMr Xod Mmbdr
Ah§VmŸ& _rM EH$ H$Vm© åhUmo{Z`mŸ&& g§{dÝ_mÌ pñWVíMmh_Omo@pñ_ {H$_V:
na_²Ÿ&& _r `m _mÂ`m Om{UdoZo _bm gd©- H$mhr H$iyZ `oVo. XohmMo, g¥ï>rMo kmZ
hmoVo. _mÂ`mV gd© àW_ _r ho ^mZ {Z_m©U hmoD$Z `m ^mZmZoM gd© _bm
g_OVo. gwfwßVrV _r hr OmUrd brZ Pmbr AgVm, H$mhrM H$iyZ `oV Zmhr.
gdmªMo kmZ H$ê$Z XoUmao _mPo ^mZ Oa BVHo$ kmZñdê$n Amho, Va gwfwßVrV
H$moUVoM Ñí` ZgVm, Á`m _mÂ`mV Vo {daVo, Vmo _r ko`eyÝ` Ho$di kmZ_mÌ
AmZ§XKZM Amho. Agm hm {ddoH$ ^JdËàrVrZo hmoVmo. _r hr CR>Umar d¥Îmr,
gwfwárà_mUo OmJ¥V AdñWoV AmË_ñdénmV Zmhrer H$aUo, hoM ñdê$nr ^aUo
hmo`. _r ZmhrM gd© Vmo AmË_mam_ `mgmR>r gmYZ `m íbmoH$mV gm§{JVbo Amho.
n{hbo gmYZ - "àr{Vam_r Yamdr' - gJwUr ^Omdo. gJwU ^OZmV
XohmMm {dga nS>bm H$s EH$sH$S>o _r Zmhrgm hmoVmo d eodQ>r {Zê$nm{YH$
26 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 27

na_mË_ê$nM {e„H$ CaVo, VoM Amnbo ñdê$n.
Xwgao gmYZ - {ddoH$mZ| {MÎmd¥Îmr {ZamoY H$aUo. {ZJw©Ur AZÝ`
ìhmdoŸ& `mgmR>r {eî`m EH$m§Vr ~¡gmdoŸ& ñdê$nt {dlm§Vrg Omd|Ÿ& VoU| JwU| ÑT>mdoŸ&
na_mW© hmŸ&& (Xm. 5-6-58) Pmbobm {ddoH$ ÑT> H$ê$Z ñdê$nmZw^dmgmR>r
Aä`mg H$amdm - d¥Îmr{ZamoY H$amdm. OoW| Ü`mZ YmaUm gaoŸ& H$ënZm
{Z{d©H$ënt _waoŸ& Ho$di k{ßV- _mÌ CaoŸ& gyú_ ~«÷Ÿ&& (Xm.8-8-59) g§V
VwH$mam_ _hmamO `m§Mm hm A^§J nmhm. A§VatMo§ Ü`mZŸ& _w»` `m Zm§do§ nyOZŸ&
Cnm{YVo AdK| nmnŸ& JmoS> {ZagVm§ g§H$ënŸ& Amkm nmimdr hm Y_©Ÿ& OmUVo
hmo OmUm d_©Ÿ& VwH$m åhUo d¥{ÎmŸ& A{dQ> ho ghO pñWVrŸ&& (Jm. 2278)
Agm hm Aä`mg AI§S> Mmby nm{hOo. gH$mir CR>ë`mnmgyZ nwZ:
Pmonon`ªV ñdê$n VmXmË_ R>odmdo. {ZÐm`m bmoH$dmVm©`m: H$m_m XohmË_ {dñ_¥Vo:Ÿ&
H$qMÝZmd ga§ XËdm qMV`oË_mZ_mË_rZŸ&&
{ZÐm, ZgVr CR>mR>od, bmoH$qZXm, ñVwVr, AmË_{dñ_¥Vrg H$maU
hmoUmao H$moUVohr H$m_m{X {dH$ma `m§Zm dmd {_iy Z XoVm, AI§S> Ü`mZr _½Z
Agmdo. hmM _mojY_©. JrVoV, AmË_g§ñW§ _Z: H¥$Ëdm Z qH${MX{n qMV`oV²Ÿ&&
`m ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbm Amho.
g_W© - gH$i Y_mª_Ü`o Y_©Ÿ& ñdê$nr amhUo hm ñdY_©Ÿ&& `mgmR>r
EH$ jUhr Z Xd{S>Vm, `m{M OÝ_| `oUo§{M H$mioŸ& g§gmar hmoB© Oo {Zami|Ÿ&
_moj nm{dOo {ZíMi|Ÿ& ñdê$nmH$ma|Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-9-29) Ago ñnï> ~Omdbo Amho.
OZt gd©gyIr Agm H$moU Amho ?Ÿ&
{dMma| _Zm Vy§{M emoYy{Z nmhoŸ&
_Zm Ëdm§{M a| nyd©g§{MV Ho$b|Ÿ&
V`m gm[aI| ^moJU| àmßV Omb|Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mbm nyaH$ Agm hm ûcmoH$ Amho. XohXw:ImMm {dMma
H$ê$ ZH$mo. CbQ> Xw:I Vo gwI _mZrV Om Agm Omo _Zmbm CnXoe Ho$bm.
Vmo R>g{dUogmR>r, ÑT> hmoUogmR>r `m ûcmoH$mV H$_©{dMma gm§{JVbm Amho.
OJmV Xw:ImgmR>r H$moUmMrhr _mJUr Zmhr, Var àË`oH$mMo _mJo Xw:I AmhoM.
gwImgmR>r gdmªMr YS>nS> AgVmhr gwI àmßV hmoV Zmhr Ago H$m ? `mMr
XmoZ H$maUo AmhoV. gwImMo Iao ñWmZ _Zwî`mbm _mhrV Zmhr. åhUyZ gXm
ñdñdê$nr ^amdo Ago ~Omdbo. Xwgao, AmnboM H$_© AmnUmg ^modVo. åhUyZ øm
{R>H$mUr H$_©{dMma _m§{S>bm. ~m _Zm, `m OJmV gd©W¡d gwIr H$moU
Amho ? H$moUr Zmhr. dada nmhVm ~arM _mUgo gwImV dmdaV AgyZ AmnU _mÌ
Xw:ImV AmhmoV Ago dmQ>Vo. nU hm ^«_ Amho. WmoS>m {dMma d Mm¡H$gnUm
XmIdbm Va OJmV gd© ~mOyZo gwIr H$moUrM Zmhr, AgoM {Xgob. ^anya
g§nÎmr VoWo dmagm Zmhr, AR>am {dído Xm[aÐç VoWo nmoam§Mo bQ>m§~a, ^mar ^yH$
VoWo AÞmMm VwQ>dS>m, ^anya YmÝ` VoWo ^yH$M Zmhr, VrúU ~wÜXr nU {Vbm
dmd Zmhr, gd© gmoB© VoWo ~wpÜX_m§Ú, Ago gam©g nhmd`mg gmnS>Vo. Ago gd©Ì
Ag_mYmZ H$m ? (1) Amnbr d¥Îmr n[apñWVrV AS>H$bobr AgVo Am{U n[apñWVr
gmaIr ~XbV AgVo. Ë`m_wio Amnbr d¥Îmr M§Mb amhVo. gwI d¥Îmr - ñW¡`m©V
Amho. pñWa d¥Îmr hmoV Zmhr åhUyZ AgwI. (2) AmO Amho Ë`mnojm CÚm H$mhr
{Zamio Agmdo Aer Zm{dÝ`mMr AmdS>. H$nS>m ZdrZ, ImUo ZdrZ, XoImdm ZdrZ,
Aer Zm{dÝ`mMr AmdS> åhUOo AgwI. (3) gwI qH$dm g_mYmZ hm nyU©ËdmMm
ñd^md Amho. Aën OJmV na_mË_ dñVyM nyU© AgyZ VoM gwImMo ñWmZ Amho.
R>o{dë`mOmJr emoYbo Va Vr dñVy gmnS>Uma. AÝ`Ì H$moR>ohr Vr gmnS>Uma
Zmhr. Ooìhm gwIê$n na_mËå`mer EH$ê$n ìhmdo, VoìhmM AmUIr H$mhr ZH$mo
Aer AdñWm `oVo. Vo gwImMo {ZYmZ Amho. Amnë`mOdiM AJXr öX`mV, nU
Amnbm emoY Mmbbm Amho. BVaÌ ~mhç {df`mV. åhUyZ AgwI: öX`m_Ü`o _r
am_yŸ& AgVm gd© gwImMm Amam_yŸ& ^«m§Vmgr H$m_y {df`mdarŸ&& Am§Yù`mZo
gmIa g_OyZ _rR> Im„o Va Vo JmoS> H$go bmJUma ? gd© Xw:ImMo _yi H$emV
Agob Va Xoh~wÜXrV Amho. AgwI hmoÊ`mbm, _Zmbm nQ>ob Ago gmYo H$maU åhUOo
hdo Vo Z `oUo Am{U ZH$mo Vo `oUo ho Amho. hr XmoÝhr H$maUo Amnbo hmVMr
ZmhrV. Xw:I d g§H$Q>o Oa An[ahm`© Va _J qMVm H$emgmR>r ? g§{MVmZwgma
Oo hmoUma Agob Vo hmoB©b Ago OmUyZ am_ ^OZr bmJmdo. Ë`mÀ`m H¥$noZo
ñdñdê$nr ^amdo. AmVm hmoUma V| hmò o Zm H$m§Ÿ & Am{U OmUma V| Om`o Zm
H$mŸ & VwQ>br _Zm§Vrb Ame§H$mŸ & OÝ__¥Ë`mMrŸ & (Xm. 6-2-44) g_W©
åhUVmV. OZt g§{MV| qnS> {Z_m©U PmbmŸ & _Zt V|{M ^moJmd`m Ord
AmbmŸ & ew^mey^ hmoUma H$m§hr H$ioZmŸ & nwT>o àmßV ~«÷m{XH$m§hr
Q>ioZmŸ & (H$ê$Um 24 -1) gwI Xw:I ^moJdUmao Amnbo g§{MV. øm
g§{MVm{df`r A{dMma eodQ>À`m XmoZ Amoir§V AmT>iVmo. H$mbmbm AZwgê$Z
28 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 29

H$_m©Mo VrZ àH$ma AmhoV. g§{MV, {H«$`_mU d àmaãY. AZoH$ OÝ_mVrb nmn
nwÊ`m{X H$_© Oo ^moJë`mdmMyZ gmRy>Z amhVo Vo g§{MV, Vo g§ñH$maê$nmZo
AkmZmgh - Xoh~wÜXrgh gyú_ê$nmV amhVo. Mmby Agboë`m XohmH$Sy>Z hmoUmao
{ZË`, Z¡{_{ÎmH$ H$_© Vo {H«$`_mU. `m H$_m©VyZM g§{MV d àmaãY {Z_m©U
hmoVo. `m Mmby H$_m©Vrb H$mhr H$_©, ^moJÊ`mgmR>r hmoV AgVo d H$mhr H$_©,
nwT>rb àmaãY^moJ ~Z{dÊ`mgmR>r åhUOo g§{MVmgmR>r amhVo. {H«$`_mU H$_©M
g§{MV d àmaãY `mV dmQ>bo OmVo. Mmby H$_m©Mr ^a nSy>Z g§{MV gmR>V
OmVo, VgoM Ambo àmaãYhr \$b nXar nS>on`ªV ~ZV OmVo. _Zwî` Amnbo
àmaãY Amnë`mM H$_m©Zoo ~ZdVmo. åhUyZ _Zwî`mZo àmaãYmMr g~~ Z gm§JVm
g§{MVmV Mm§Jë`m H$_m©Mr ^a Q>mH$ë`mg àmaãYhr Mm§Jbo ~ZVo.
H$_© {dMmamg§~§Yr Xwgar _hËdmMr Jmoï> Aer H$s, B©ídamZo
_Zwî`mbm H$_©ñdmV§Í` {Xbo. nU \$bñdmV§Í` Amnbo hmVr R>odbo Amho.
H$moUË`m H$_m©Mo H$moUVo \$b d Vo Ho$ìhm Úmd`mMo ho B©ídamYrZ. H$_©Ê`o
dm{YH$mañVo....(^. Jr. 2-47) `mMo H$maU Ago H$s, \$b^moJ _Zwî`mMo
ñdmYrZ R>odbm Va, ñd^mdV:M Vmo ñdmWu Agë`m_wio ñdgwImW© Vmo
Xwgè`mÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mda Kmbm Kmbrb. B©ídar Xa~maMm Ý`m` g_Vmob Amho.
Oo noamdo Vo CJdmdo. Oo H$amdo Vo ^amdo. Ogo H$amdo Vgo ^amdo eãX Hw$Umda
R>oD$ Z`oŸ&& Amë`m {Xdgm gmXa ìhmdo IoX H$Xm[n H$ê$ Z`oŸ& hm g§gma {_Ï`m
`mOda {dídmg Yê$ Z`oŸ&& H$moUr Hw$UmMo Zmhr gIo JmoÌr Amnbo _mZy Z`oŸ&
AmË_mZmË_ {dMma H$ê${Z`m {ZË` Agmdo _ê$ Z`oŸ&& ~m _Zm, VwPoM H$_© Vwbm
^moJmdo bmJV Amho. Voìhm ñdH$_m©Zo B©ídamg g§Vwï> Ho$bog Va Vmo H¥$nmiy
Xod ñdê$nr Zm§Xmdo Aer ~wÜXr {ZpíMV XoB©b.
_Zm _mZgt Xw:I AmUy§ ZH$mo aoŸ&
_Zm gd©Wm emoH$ qMVm ZH$mo aoŸ&
{ddoH|$ Xoh~wpÜX gmoSy>{Z ÚmdrŸ&
{dXohrnU| _w{ŠV ^moJrV OmdrŸ&&12Ÿ&&
_ZmMo ûcmoH$ AWm©bm \$ma gmono nU AZw^{dÊ`mg JhZ Ago
AmhoV. _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo H$s ""_Zm VwPoM H$_© Vwbm ^modVo. VwÂ`m
H$_m©Zwgma gwI:Xw:I dmQ>çmbm `oVo. Vo Ho$ìhm `oUma ho B©ída R>a{dUma. _J
Or Jmoï> VwÂ`m ñdmYrZ Zmhr, Vwbm ^moJmdr bmJUmaM, Ë`m~Ôb {ZîH$maU
Xw:I, emoH$, qMVm H$ê$Z H$m` Cn`moJ ? {dMmamZo {Z_yQ>nUo Vr gmogUo hoM
ehmUnU.'' åhUyZ n{hë`m XmoZ AmoirV Xw:I AmUy ZH$mo, qMVm H$ê$ ZH$mo,
hm CnXoe.
Xw:I qH$dm emoH$ `mMo _yi H$maU - Xoh~wÜXr qH$dm Xoh Ah§H$ma.
åhUyZ {ddoH$mZo hr Xoh~wÜXr H$er Zï> H$aVm `oB©b BH$S>o bj {Xbo nm{hOo.
Xoh~wÜXr åhUOo H$m` ? Vo{M H$m`m _r AmnU ho Xoh~wÜXrMo bjUŸ&& eara
åhUOo _r hm Ah§H$ma KmVH$ Amho. `m_wioM {df` _bm åhUOo earambm
gwI XoVrb `m AmeoZo _Zwî` {df`m§_mJo YmdVmo. Vo {df` n«mßV H$ê$Z KoUogmR>r
~aodmB©Q> H$_© H$aVmo d H$_m©Zwgma ~aodmB©Q> ^moJ ^moJVmo. ^moJmgmR>r Xoh d
Xohm_wio H$_© `m H$_© H$MmQ>çmVyZ gwQ>Ê`mMm EH$M _mJ©. Vmo åhUOo - AmnU
H$moU ? Amnbo ñdê$n H$m` ? `mMo {ddoH$mZo kmZ àmßV H$ê$Z KoUo. `W¡ Ym§g
{_ÜXmo@{½Z^©ñ_gmËHw$ê$VoOw©ZŸ&& (^. Jr. 4-37) AmË_ñdê$nmÀ`m àË`j kmZmZo
g§{MV H$_© Zme nmdVo. `mM kmZm_wio Xoh~wÜXr gwQy>Z H$_m©nmgyZ Amnbr
A{bßVVm g_OVo d {H«$`_mU ~mYH$ hmoV Zmhr. àmaãY ^moJyZ g§nVo, AmË_kmZmZo
{ÌdJ© H$_© g_yh Zï> hmoVmo.
`mda EH$ Aer e§H$m `oB©b H$s, kmZmbmgwÜXm Oa àmaãY^moJ gwQ>V
Zmhr, ^moJmdmM bmJVmo Va ho àmaãY Zï> hmoVo Ago H$go åhUVm `oB©b d
^Jd§V ""kmZm{½Z: gd© H$_m©{U ^ñ_gmËHw$ê$Vo'' Ago H$go åhUVmV ? BVa
AkmZr OZm§Zm kmZr gwIXw:Im{X àmaãY ^moJ ^moJVmo Ago dmQ>Vo, nU kmZmMo
Ñï>rZo Ë`mMo ñdàmaãY Zï>M Pmbobo AgVo. H$maU gwIXw:Im{X àmaãY ^moJ
earambm AgyZ, Ë`m earamnmgyZ AmnU AJXr {Zamio Amhmo, Agm Ë`mMm
AZw^d AgVmo. (àmaãY Xohmbm-AmËå`mbm Zmhr, ho kmZr AZw^dmZo OmUV
AgVmo) åhUyZ Ë`mMo ñdV:Mo Ñï>rZ| àmaãY Zï>M Pmbobo AgVo. gmYyMm Xoh
{IVnVbmŸ & AWdm ídmZm{XH$s¨ ^{jbmŸ & ho àeñV Z dmQ>o OZmbmŸ&
_§X~wÜXrñVdŸ&& (Xm. 7-10-26) AmnU _mÌ àH¥$VrÀ`m JwUmH$Sy>Z åhUOo
XohmH$Sy>Z hmoUmar H$_©©o _r H$Vm© øm Xohmh§H$mam_wio Amnë`m Camda KoVmo, åhUyZ
àmaãYhr Amnë`m ~moH$m§S>r ~gVo. ""àH¥$Vo: {H«$`_mUmZr JwU¡: H$_m©{U gd©e:Ÿ&
Ah§‘>ma{d_yT>mË_m H$Vm©h{_{V _Ý`VoŸ& (^. Jr. 3-27) kmÝ`mMm XohmnmgyZ
A{bßV Agë`mMm AZw^d Amnë`mgma»`m AkmZr OZm§Zm Zgë`m_wio,
30 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 31

kmZr àmaãY ^moJ ^moJyZ g§n{dVmo. Ago Amnbo g_OwVrgmR>r åhQ>bo OmVo.
kmÝ`m§Mo Ñï>rZo kmZm{½Z:gd© H$_m©{U hoM ^Jd§VmMo åhUUo gmW© hmo`.
H$_©H$MmQ>çmVyZ gwQ>UoMo Agë`mg gd© Xw:I, emoH$, qMVm gmoSy>Z
kmZ àmßV Ho$bo nm{hOo. EoH$ kmZmM| bjUŸ& kmZ åhUOo AmË_kmZŸ& nhmd|
AmnUm{g AmnUŸ& `m Zm§d kmZŸ&& (Xm. 5-6-1)
_r H$moU ? {XgUmam XohM _r H$s, AÝ` H$moUr Amho ? `mMm emoY
KoVbm nm{hOo, åhUyZ g_W© eodQ>À`m XmoZ Amoir§V Ë`mMo {ddoMZ H$aVmV.
AmË_mZmË_ {ddoH$mZo, AmnU XohmhÿZ AJXr doJio AmhmoV, g{ƒXmZ§X
~«÷ê$n Amhmo, Agm AZw^d KoD$Z XohmVrV hmoD$Z amhmdo. hmM _wŠVrMm
gmohim. Xoh~wÜXr gwQ>UogmR>r AmË_mZmË_ {ddoH$ H$amdm H$gm ? g_W©
åhUVmV,""Amnw{b`m ñdmZw^d|Ÿ& AmnUmg {ZdoXmd|Ÿ& AmË_{ZdoXZ OmUmd|Ÿ&
Eog| AgoŸ&&'' (Xm. 8-8-8) _r hm AZw^d OmUrdê$n Amho. `mVM Amnbo
{ZamH$ma, A{ÛVr`, kmZmZ§Xñdê$n àH$Q> hmoVo, ho {ddoŠ`mbm g_OVo. _r
ho ^mZ Xohmbm hmoV Zmhr ho WmoS>çm {dMmam§Vr H$iob. _r ho ^mZ XohmnmgyZM
{Z_m©U hmoV Agob, Va edmV H$m {XgyZ `oV Zmhr ? edmVyZ _r ho ^mZ
Zmhrgo Pmbobo AgVo, _r `m Om{UdoZo Agbobo M¡VÝ` XohmV Agon`©V
XohMoVZm AgVo Am{U Vo Xohmbm gmoSy>Z Jobo åhUOo Xoh AMoVZ hmoD$Z
nS>Vmo. OrU© Pmbobm H$nS>m Q>mHy$Z AmnU ZdrZ dmnaVmo, Ë`m à_mUo OrU©
Xoh gmoSy>Z M¡VÝ` Zì`m XohmMm Aml` H$aVo. dmgm§{g OrUm©{Z `Wm {dhm`Ÿ&
(^. Jr. 2-22) Xoh Á`mnmgyZ Pmbm Ë`m aOaoVmbm d Ë`mnmgyZ hmoUmè`m
aŠV, _m§g, ËdMm, ApñW, Ho$g dJ¡ao dñVy§Zm H$moUr _r åhUV Zmhr. ho nXmW©
~mhoa \o$H$bo OmVmV Voìhm _r \o$H$bm Jobmo, Ago dmQ>V Zmhr. H$mVS>r
\$mQ>br AgVm _r \$mQ>bmo Ago dmQ>V Zmhr. Sw>bH$s `oD$Z XohmMo jU^a
{dñ_aU hmoVo d Xoh nS>Vmo. nU ^mZmda Ambo H$s g_OVo. `mdê$Z XohmhÿZ
_r ho AmË_r` ñ\w$aU AJXr doJio Amho ho H$iVo. Xoh hm AÝZmnmgyZ Pmbm.
nU AÝZmbm H$moUr _r åhUV Zmhr. _r AÝZ KoVmo d gmoS>Vmo Agm AZw^d
AgVmo. `m AZw^dmÀ`m AmoKmZo AÝZmnmgyZ Pmbobm Xoh _r KoVmo, _r gmoS>Vmo
Agm AZw^d AgUo gmh{OH$ Amho, åhUyZ hm Xoh-_r Zìho. _mÂ`mV d
XohmV O_rZ Añ_mZmMm \$aH$ Amho. (1) Xoh Ñí`, _r hr OmUrd AÑí`
(2) Xoh AZoH$ åhUOo gßVYm§VyZr `wŠV, _r hr OmUrd EH$M. (3) ñdßZmV
XohmMo ^mZ ZgVo. XwgamM Xoh {XgVmo. nU _r ñdßZmV AgVmoM. XohM _r
AgVmo Va _r AgyZ Ë`m XohmMo ^mZ Zï> hmoUma Zmhr. (4) ñdßZmV øm
XohmMm d OmJ¥VrV ñdßZXohmMm {dga nS>bm, Var Ë`m~amo~a _r ho ^mZ Zï>
hmoV Zmhr. (5) gwfwßVrV Va H$moUVmM Xoh Amho, Ago dmQ>V ZgyZ AmnU
(_r) {dlm§Vr KoVmo, gwIê$n AgVmo, AmZ§X AZw^{dVmo.
_J hm AmZ§X AmnUm{edm` EH$Q>mM H$gm amhÿ eHo$b ? VoWo
AmË_mhr Zmht åhUmdmŸ& Var AmZ§X H¡$gm JUmdmŸ& ~wÜXrZo VoWrb AmZ§X
OmUmdmŸ& OmJ¥VrV Ë`mM AmË_`mH$[aVmŸ& (`. Xr. 3-849)
darb gd© H$maUm§_wio _r ho ^mZ XohmhyZ AJXr {Zamio Amho, ho
ñnï> hmoVo. Xwgè`mMo Xoh _bm Ogo Ñí` AmhoV, VgmM _mPm Xoh _bm Ñí`
Amho. dñÌ nmhUmam dñÌmhÿZ doJim AgVmo. Vgm _r kmZê$n Ðï>m ko`
XohmhÿZ doJim Amho. EH$mM H$mngmMo gwVmZo ~§S>r d H$moQ> {Z_m©U hmoVmo.
AÝZmÀ`m aOaoVmÀ`m Ý`wZm{YŠ`mZo Pmbobo ñÌrnwê$f Zm__mÌ AgyZ _r
Ë`mnmgyZ {Zamim `odT>oM Iao. XohmMo nm§Kê$U dó d _mPo nm§Kê$U Xoh.
`m_wio _r XohmhÿZ doJimM Amho. _mÂ`mà_mUo BVa gd© XohmhÿZ {^ÝZ
kmZmZ§Xê$nM AmhoV. _mÂ`mgH$Q> gdmªMo ê$n EH$ na_mË_mM Amho.
Ah_`{_X§M dmgyXod:Ÿ&& g_§ gd}fw ^yVofw {Vð>ÝV§ na_oída_²Ÿ& {dZí`Ëñd-
{dZí`ÝV§ `: ní`{V g ní`{VŸ&& (^. Jr. 13-27) åhUyZ Oo Oo ^oQ>o ^yVŸ&
Vo Vo _m{ZOo ^Jd§VŸ&& AmË_mZmË_ {ddoH$ H$amdmŸ& H$ê$Z ~am {ddamdmŸ&
{ddamoZ gÑT> YamdmŸ& Ordm_Ü`|Ÿ& (Xm. 13-1-1) Xoh~wÜXrZ| ~m§YbmŸ& Vmo
{ddoH|$ _moH$im Ho$bmŸ& XohmVrV hmoVm§ nmdbmŸ& _mojnXŸ&& (Xm. 6-2-36)
_Zm gm§J nm§ amdUm§ H$m` Pmb|Ÿ&
AH$ñ_mV V| amÁ` gd] ~wS>mb|Ÿ&
åhUmoZr Hw$S>r dmgZm gm§{S> doJtŸ&
~io bmJbm H$mi hm nm{R>bmJrŸ&&13Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV - {ddoH$mZo Xoh~wÜXr gmoSy>Z {dXohrnUo _wŠV
pñWVrV amhmdo Ago gm§{JVbo. nU Xoh~wÜXr gwQ>br Zmhr Va H$m` AZW©
hmoVmo, ho amdUmMo CXmhaU KoD$Z `m ûcmoH$ma§^r gm§{JVbo Amho. OgOer
Xoh~wÜXrMr Vrd«Vm dmT>V OmVo, VgVer Amgwar d¥Îmrhr dmT>V OmVo.
AgyaàOobm ImUo - {nUo Am{U J«må` ì`dhma H$aUo øm{edm` H$mhr _mhrV
32 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 33

ZgVo. H$maU Vr àOm Xoh hmM AmË_m _mZrV AgVo. Ë`m_wio ì`{^Mmam{X
AZrVrMo ì`dhma amOamognUo Vr H$aVo, JrVoV Amgwar g§nÎmrV OÝ_
nmdboë`m _Zwî`mV Xm§{^H$nUm, _ñVr, H«$moY, {Zðw>aVm d AkmZ ho JwU
AgVmV Ago gm§JyZ Vr ~§YZmbm H$maUr^yV hmoVo, Ago ^Jd§VmZr gm§{JVbo
Amho. (^. Jr. 16-4)
g_WmªZr `oWo Oo amdUmMo CXmhaU {Xbo Amho. Vo _moR>o _m{_©H$
Amho. H$maU amdU hm Amgwar d¥ÎmrMm Agbo_wio Ë`mMo {R>H$mUr Xn© hmoVm,
A{^_mZ hmoVm. H$V©ì`mH$V©ì`mMo AkmZ hmoVo. nU Vmo Xod^ŠV hmoVm. Ë`mZo
VníM`m© Ho$br d e§H$amMo ào_ g§nmXZ Ho$bo. Vmo doXm§Zm _mZUmam hmoVm.
`OZerb hmoVm. g§Ü`m{X {ZË` H$_m©Zwð>mZ H$aUmam hmoVm, `m X¡dr
JwUm§~amo~a AkmZm_wio Vrd«ñdê$nmMr Xoh~wÜXr Ë`mMo {R>H$mUr hmoVr.
Xoh~wÜXr_wio Xohmbm Oo gwI Vo _bm gwI Ago dmQ>Vo. `m gwImW© {df`mon^moJ
d Eoíd`© `m§Mo {R>H$mUr AmgŠVr CËnÝZ hmoVo d VËàmßË`W© H$_© KS>Vo.
{df`mgŠVr_wio doXm§Mo a_Ur` AW© Iao dmQy> bmJVmV. AÝV:H$aUmV
AmË_~wÜXr CËnÝZ hmoV Zmhr. ^moJ¡íd`©àgŠVmZm§ V`mnöVMoVgm_²Ÿ& (^. Jr.
2-44) X¡d| A_¥VHw§$^ OmoS>bmŸ& Vmo nm`| hmUm|{Z Cb§{S>bmŸ& V¡gm Zm{gVr Y_©w©
{ZnObmŸ& hoVwH$nU|Ÿ& (km. 2-252) amdUmZo {ed^ŠVr Ho$br, nU H$m ?
Xodm§Zm nmbWo KmbyZ d¡^d ^moJÊ`mMo hoVyZo, hm hoVw H$m ? Xoh Ah§H$mam_wio.
åhUyZ Xoh~w{ÜX dmB©Q>. Xoh~wÜXrV Y_m©MaU Mmby Agbo Var {df`mgŠVr
amhVoM. åhUyZ g_W© åhUVmV, "_Zm! amdUmgma»`m Y{_©ð>, namH«$_r
nwê$fmMr Xoh~wÜXr_wio H$m` AdñWm Pmbr `mMm {dMma H$a.' EH$mEH$s,
Ü`mZr_Zr ZgVm nmnmMm KS>m ^aë`m~amo~a nQ>H$Z gd© amÁ` hmVmVyZ Jobo.
Ë`mMo gm_Ï`© H$m` H$_r hmoVo H$m` ? gd© Xodm§Zm ~§{XemioV S>m§~Umam, Mm¡Xm
Mm¡H$S>çmMm amOm. Ë`mMo CX²Jmahr H$go Ah§H$ma`wŠV hmoVo nmhm. _O
amdUmgm[aIm H$moU AmhoŸ& g_am§JUr H$mi ^rS>mo Z amhoŸ&& H$X©Z- H$mimgmaIm
H$mihr _Og_moa Mma hmV H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. _J BVa _mZdm§Mr H$m`
H$Wm ? Aer Ë`mMr K_|S>. nU doi Amë`m~amo~a amÁ`mgH$Q> gm\$ Pmbm.
EdT>çm gm_Ï`©g§nÝZ amOmMr hr AdñWm. _J Amnë`mgma»`m gm_mÝ`
OrdmMr H$m` emídVr ? amdUmMo CXmhaU XoÊ`mV XmoZ hoVw gmÜ` Pmbo.
Xwï>dmgZo_wio Ë`mMm Zme Pmbm. åhUyZ _Zm Xwï> dmgZm Yê$ ZH$mo hm
CnXoe d àË`oH$ dñVyda H$mbmMr gÎmm AgVo. `mo½` g_` Ambm H$s Vmo
Vr dñVy Amnë`m nmoQ>mV JS>n H$aVmo. _r _r åhUUmao Zmhrgo hmoVmV. hr
_Zmbm ^rVr.
Ñï> dmgZoMm _yi JÈ>m H$moUVm Agob Va Vmo XohdmgZm, Xoh~wÜXr,
Xohmh§H$ma hm hmo`. ^. JrVoV 16 ì`m AÜ`m`mVrb 13-14-15 ûcmoH$mV
Amgwar g§nÎmrMr bjUo {deX Ho$br AmhoV. hr Xoh~wÜXrMrM bjUo AmhoV.
A_wH$ ñÌrnmgyZ _bm gwImon^moJàmßVr hmoB©b, `m ~wÜXrVyZ grVmhaU Pmbo.
naÐì`, naZmarMo haU Pmë`mZ§Va èhmg hm R>abobmM. åhUyZ g_W© _Zmbm
gm§JVmV, naÐì` AmUrH$ H$m§Vm namdrŸ& `XWu _Zm gm§{S> Ordt H$amdrŸ&& ZH$mo
ao _Zm Ðì` Vo nwT>rbm§MoŸ&& amdUmMo CXmhaUmZo nañÌr_wio KmV H$gm hmooVmo
ho `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV. {ddoHo$ Xoho~wÜXr gmoSy>{Z Úmdr Agm _mJrb ûcmoH$mV
CnXoe H$ê$Z Vr Z gmoS>br Va amdUmgmaIr AdñWm hmoVo, ho `m ûcmoH$mV
{deX Ho$bo. hr dmgZm qH$dm Xoh~wpÜX H$m gmoS>md`mMr `mMo {ddoMZ `m
ûcmoH$mÀ`m eodQ>À`m MaUmV Ho$bo Amho.
_Zm, VwÂ`m_mJo H$mi Q>nyZ ~gbm Amho. gmdY amhm. hm Mmoa H$mi
{XgV Zmhr, `mMr nmCb| dmOV ZmhrV. nU KS>rKS>rZo Am`wî` ImV Vmo
EH$X_ _mZJwQ>r nH$S>Vmo, H$mi Od{iM C^m ZoUmŸ& Kmbt Pm§nS>r IwQ>t H$mZmŸ&&
H¡$gm hþema gmdY amhr§Ÿ& Amnwbm Vy Amnwbo R>m`tŸ&& H$mio nwa{dbr nmR>rŸ&
dê$fo Pmbr Var gmR>tŸ&& VwH$m åhUo H$mimŸ& H$_© {_iV| Vo§ OmimŸ&& (Jm.
3612) H$mi H$_m©da nmogbm OmVmo. OÝ__aUmMr YJYJ OiVr R>odVmo.
B§YZ Mmby Agon`©V A½Zr YJYJrV amhVmo. nU V| Wm§~{dbo H$s A½Zr
em§V hmoVmo. H$_m©Mm AmoK Mmby Amho Vmon`ªV H$mimMm Vmn XmhH$ amhVmo.
H$_© ^ñ_ hmoD$Z g§nbo H$s H$mbgÎmm g§nbr. ho H$_© kmZmZo åhUOo
ñdê$nmÀ`m Om{UdoZoM ^ñ_ hmoVo Am{U kmZ, {ddoHo$ Xoho~wÜXr gmoSy>{Z ÚmdrŸ&&
Aem Xoh~wÜXr gwQ>ë`mZoM hmoVo. Xoh~wÜXr gwQ>Ê`mMo H$m`© ZaXohmVM hmoVo. AÝ`
H$moUË`mhr OÝ_mV hmoV Zmhr åhUyZ ~io bmJbm H$mi hm nm{R>bmJr ho Ü`mZmV
R>odyZ ñdñdê$nr pñWa ìhmdo.
{Odm§ H$_©`moJo OZt OÝ_ OmbmŸ&
nar godQ>t H$mi_yIt {Z_mbmŸ&
_hm Wmoa Vo _¥Ë`wwn§Wo{M JoboŸ&
{H$VrEH$ Vo OÝ_bo Am{U _oboŸ&&14Ÿ&&
34 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 35

_mJrb ûcmoH$mV H$mim~Ôb Bemam {Xbm. H$mimH$S>o bj XoD$Z
dmB©Q> dmgZm - Xoh~wpÜX Ëd[aV gmoS>; {Od§V Amhog VodT>çm doimV gmoS>UoMr
YS>nS> H$a, Agm CnXoe Ho$bm. H$mim~Ôb gmdYmZ, OmJê$H$ amhUoMm
CnXoe g§V AÅ>mhmgmZo H$aVmV. VwH$mo~m åhUVmV, Zmed§V Xoh OmUma gH$iŸ&
Am`wî` ImVmo H$mi gmdYmZŸ&& Vdm Vmnbm` Vmon`ªVM ^mH$ar ^mOyZ KoUmam
ehmUm. ZaXoh Amho Vmoda AmË_{hV gmYUmam MVwa. ZmW åhUVmV, ""`m
BVwHo$ loð> MmVw`© Zmhr'' MVwam§Mo MmVw`© JhZŸ& `m Zm§d ~mo{bOo Jm AmnUŸ&
{_Ï`m Xoho H$ê${Z ^OZŸ& ~«÷ gZmVZ ñd`o hmoVrŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 29-406)
`mgmR>r g_W© `oWyZ nwT>rb 2-4 ûcmoH$mV H$mimMm à^md gm§JyZ _mZdr Xoh
{H$Vr jU^§Jwa Amho ho ñnï> H$aVmV. hoVw `odT>mM H$s _Zwî`mZo Zoh_r
_aUmMo ñ_aU R>odyZ Eo{hH$ d¡^dmg Z ^wbVm, Amnë`m h`mVrV
AmË_H$ë`mU gmYmdo. am_Xmg åhUo ñd{hV H$aUoŸ& {ZYm©ao _aUo _mJonwT>oŸ&&
(ñ\w$. à.)
{OdmMo H$_©, ho Ë`mÀ`m OÝ_mbm H$maUr^yV Amho. _Zwî` hm àH¥$Vr
namYrZ Amho. H$m`© Vo øde: H$_© gd©: àH¥${VO¡JwU¡:Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 3-5)
gËd, aO, V_ JwUm_wio H$_©dmgZm, Vo Bï>m{Zï> H$_© H$aUogmR>r eara,
earam_wio H$_© d H$_m©_wio eara Ago ho MH«$ Mmby AgVo. {H«$`m earamoX²^d
hoVwamÑVm, {à`m{à`m¡Vm¡ ^dV: gwam{JU:Ÿ&&
~ao, OÝ_mbm Amë`mZ§Va Var ñdñWVm Amho H$m` ? Zmhr. OÝ_mnmR>monmR>
_¥Ë`yMo ^` AmhoM. earamnmR>monmR> Ogo H$_© VgoM OÝ_mnmR>monmR>
_¥Ë`y. H$mbmMr {dœmda A~m{YV gÎmm Amho, ho ñnîQ> AZw^dmg `oV Zmhr.
H$m ? Ë`mÀ`m VS>mŠ`mVyZ H$moUrhr gwQy> eH$V Zmhr. Amnbr Jmoï> Va
gmoS>mM. A_¥VàmeZm_wio A_a Pmbobo Xodhr Ë`mÀ`m gÎmoVyZ gwQ>bo ZmhrV.
A_a A_¥VnmZ H$[aVrŸ& Vohr _aUmU©dt ~wS>VrŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 28-703) eara
ajmdo hm Y_© ~mobVrŸ& H$m` Ago hmVr V`m§{M`mŸ&& jU^§Jya ho Om` Z H$iVmŸ&
J«mg {Jir gÎmm Zmhr hmVrŸ&&
gm_mÝ` _Zwî` OÝ_mbm `oVmo, ImVmo, {nVmo Am{U Ambm Vgm OmVmo.
Amhma, {ZÐm, ^`, _¡WwZ `m Mma {df`mVM neyà_mUo a§JyZ OmVmo d
neyn«_mUo AkmZmVM _aVmo. g_W© dU©Z H$aVmV. {ZOob| AgVm{M _ob|Ÿ&
nwÝhm CnOVm§M {ZOoboŸ& Eogo Ambo Am{U JoboŸ& ~hÿV bmoH$Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-1-24)
ho Pmbo gm_mÝ` _Zwî`mMo. nU Á`m§Zr H$mhr bm¡{H$H$ H$V©~Jmar Ho$br, qH$dm
H$mhr namH«$_ JmOdbm, AWdm AÜ`mpË_H$ gmYZ Ho$bo Ago hr bmoH$ eodQ>r
_¥Ë`wÀ`m XmT>oV Mya hmoD$Z JoboM. gm_mÝ` Agmo H$s {deof Agmo, _¥Ë`y
H$moUmbmhr MwH$bm Zmhr. H$mbmMr g§J{V {ZË` Agë`m_wio Ho$ìhm, H$moR>o, H$m`
hmoUma H$iV Zmhr. H$_m©n«_mUo àmUr Xoer qH$dm {dXoer _aVmo. àmUr
g§gmamgr AmbmŸ& _m`m Omir JwÊS>m{ibmŸ& A§Vr EH$bm{M JobmŸ& hmV PmSw>{ZŸ&&
amOm Agmo, a§H$ Agmo, AmpñVH$ Agmo, ZmpñVH$ Agmo, H$_©R> Agmo, ^ŠV Agmo,
n§{S>V Agmo, _yI© Agmo, emñÌk Agmo, _§Ìk Agmo, {gÜX Agmo, gmYH$ Agmo,
d¡Ú Agmo n§Mmjar Agmo, ñÌr Agmo nwê$f Agmo, BÀN>m Agmo Zgmo, _¥Ë`y
H$moUmbmM Q>iV Zmhr. _¥Ë`m^oU| nimo OmVm§Ÿ& Var _¥Ë`y gmo{S>Zm gd©WmŸ& _¥Ë`mg
Z `o MwH${dVm§Ÿ& H$m§hr Ho$ë`mŸ&& (Xm. 3-9-38)
Aer hr O~aXñV H$mbgÎmm Agbr d Ë`m_wio àË`oH$ Ord
H$mbmb ^rV Agbm, Var ZaXoh hr Aer Am¡a {MO Amho, H$s {VMm `mo½`
Cn`moJ Ho$ë`mg {ddoH$mZo H$mbmdahr _mV H$aVm `oVo. Vmo {ddoH$ hm-H$mbmMr
gÎmm _`m©{XV dñVy§da AgVo. {ZË` A_`m©X dñVyda Vr ZgVo. AmË_m
A_`m©X, A_a AgyZ AmnU AmË_ñdê$n Amhmo Ago kmZ Pmbo, d
AZw^dmZo {ZYm©a Pmbm, Va _aUmMr d H$mbmMr ^rVr H$moR>o Cabr ?
AmnUmgr R>md{M ZmhtŸ& OÝ__¥Ë`y H¢$M| H$m§B©Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-2-34) KmUoaS>m
Zmed§V Xoh _r AgyM eH$V Zmhr. _J _¥Ë`w H$moUmbm ? Agm {ddoH$
H$aUmam kmZr H$mbmÀ`mhr nbrH$S>o AmË_ê$nmZo CaVmo, ~«÷ê$n hmoD$Z OmVmo.
Agmo Eogo gH$ihr JoboŸ& na§Vw `oH${M am{hboŸ& Oo ñdê$nmH$a OmboŸ& AmË_kmZrŸ&&
(Xm. 3-9-59)
VgoM Xwgar bjmV R>odUoMr Jmoï> åhUOo B©ída ^OZmV Joboë`m
doioda H$mbmMr gÎmm Zmhr. gXm H$mi JUZm H$ar Am`wî`mMrŸ& H$WoMo doioMr
Amkm ZmhrŸ&& (VwH$mam_) kmZmo~m Amnë`m harnmR>mV åhUVmV, ""{ZË`
gË`{_V harnmR> Á`mgrŸ& H$irH$mi Ë`mgr ZmViVrŸ&&'' H$mbm{dê$ÜX
Zm_ñ_aUmMr hr A_moK eŠVr Amho. AdKm{M AmH$ma J«m{g`ocm H$mioŸ& EH$ Vo
{Zamio harMo Zm_Ÿ&& H$maU Zm_ Am{U Zm_r `m§Mm A^oX AgVmo. Vo EH$M.
AZÝ` hmoD$Z Zm_On H$aUmam Zm_mÀ`m ~imZo h[aê$n-~«÷ê$n hmoD$Z "_r'
bm {dgaVmo. Zm_ On`ky Vmo na_Ÿ& ~mYy§ Z eHo$ ñZmZm{X H$_©Ÿ&& (km.
10 - 233) A_¥VmZo _¥Ë`y `oV Zmhr. _J Zm_ Va na_m_¥V. VoWo _¥Ë`y
H$moR>Mm ? VwH$m åhUo Amåhr qOH$mo{Z`m H$miŸ& ~¡gbmo {ZíMi hmoD${Z`mŸ&&
Z _o ^ŠV: àUí`{VŸ& Vofm§ Ah§ g_wÕVm© _¥Ë`w g§gma gmJamV²Ÿ&& hr Va
36 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 37

^Jd§VmMr ~«rXdmŠ`o AmhoV. harH¥$noZo H$mb qOH$bm OmVmo. {ddoH$mZo
{ZJw©Umer AZÝ` ìhmdo qH$dm ^OZmZo gJwU Iw§Q>m Yamdm. Zmhr XohmMm
^adgmŸ& H|$ìhm gaob d`gmŸ& àg§J nS>ob H¡$gmŸ& H$moU OmUoŸ&& `mH$maUo
gmdYmZ Agmd|.... (Xm. 19-6-25/26)
_Zm nmhVm§ gË` ho _¥Ë`y^y_rŸ&
{OVm ~mobVr gd©hr Ord _r _rŸ&
{Ma§Ord ho gd© hr _m{ZVm{VŸ&
AH$ñ_mV gm§Sy>{Z`m gd© OmVrŸ&&15Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV OÝ_mbm Ambobm àmUr, Wmoa Agmo gm_mÝ` Agmo
_aUmaM - hm g¥ï>rMm A~m{YV {Z`_ gm§{JVbm. Eo{hH$ d nma_m{W©H$
ÑîQ>çm H$moUVoM loð>Ëd àmßV H$ê$Z Z KoVm Oo Ho$di OÝ_mbm Ambo, Ambo
Vgo Jobo Aem gm_mÝ` bmoH$m§Mo OrdZ øm ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo Amho. gË`
ho _¥Ë`y^y_r hm A~m{YV {Z`_. `m {Z`_mH$S>o qnS> ~«÷m§S>mÀ`m AkmZm_wio
Xwbj© hmoD$Z gm_mÝ` bmoH$ {dnarV ^mdZoZo H$go Zm§XVmV ho gm§JVmV d
eodQ>À`m MaUmV AkmZmMm n[aUm_ H$m` hmoVmo, `mMo dU©Z H$[aVmV.
dmñV{dH$ hm _¥Ë`wbmoH$. `oWo CËnÝZ hmoVo Vo Zme nmdVo. j{UH$Ëd
hm g§gmamMm ñd^md Amho. ^Jd§VmZr AídËW d¥jmMo CXmhaUmZo `mMo
j{UH$Ëd _Zmda q~~dUoMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho. (^. Jr. 15-2) Var œ:
åhUOo CImŸ& Vm|d[a EH$gm[aImŸ& Zmht {Zdm©hmo ``m ê$ImŸ& àn§Mê$nmŸ&& (km.
15-111) Xwgam {Xdg COmS>o n`ªVhr hm Amho Ë`m {ñWVrV Z {Q>H$Umam
Agm àn§M d¥j Amho, _oKmMo a§J jUmojUr ~XbmdoV Vgo `mMo Amho. nU
`mM j[UH$ d¥jmbm Aì`` åhUÊ`mV `oVo. dmñV{dH$ Vmo A{ZË`, nU
^«_m_wio {ZË` dmQ>Umam åhUyZ Aì`` åhUVmV. gmJa EH$m ~mOyZo _oKm§À`m
ê$nmZo ~mhoa nS>Vmo, Am{U XwgarH$S>o ZÚm§Mo ê$nmZo ^aV AgVmo. nU hr
_oKm§Mr d ZÚm§Mr Mmbbobr H$_©o bjmV `oV ZmhrV, åhUyZ g_wÐ OgmMm
Vgm ^abobmM Amho Ago dmQ>Vo. àb`H$mir OwZr g¥ï>r CÝ_iyZ nS>Vo,
Va H$ënma§^r Zdr g¥ï>r ~ZVo. {Xdg CJdVmo - _mdiVmo - nwÝhm CJdVmo.
df© g§nbo H$s Xwgao gwê$ hmoVo. EH$ Xoh nS>bm H$s Xwgam OÝ_mbm `oVmo. Agm
hm H$ma^ma Aì`mhV AmoKmZo Mmby Agë`m_wio gd© g¥ï>r {ZË` Amho AgoM
dmQ>Vo. JaJa {\$aUmam ^modam pñWa Amho Agm ^mg hmoVmo. O¡g| dmhV| nmUr
Om` doJ|Ÿ& V¡go{M Am{UH$ {_io _mJ|Ÿ&& (km. 15-133)
Oer g¥ï>r Aì``, {ZË` Vgo AmnUhr {ZË` Ago dmQ>Vo. _mê$Vr,
{~^rfUmà_mUo AmnUhr {Ma§OrdM Ago dmQ>Vo. XohmVrb AZoH$ na_mUy KQ>V
AgVmV, ZdrZ CËnÝZ hmoVmV, Xoh {POV AgVmo. earamVrb nmbQ> àË`j {XgV
AgVmo. Oam Amnbo ê$n XmI{dV AgVo. VWm{n _Zwî`mbm dmQ>Vo H$s AmnU
AmhmoV VgoM Amhmo. åhmVmam åhQ>bo H$s amJ `oVmo. VwPrM VyO{M XoIVm§Ÿ& H$mio
{J{ibr ~më`mdñWmŸ& Vmê$Ê`mMm J«m{gbm _mWmŸ& dmY©Š`m^§dVm bmJbm
AgoŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 7-222) ^modè`mà_mUo PnmQ>çmZo OmUmè`m Am`wî`m_wio AmnU
{ñWa AmhmoV, AgoM dmQ>Vo. Ah§H$mamZo _r, _mPo `m ^«_m§V ZmMy bmJVmo d
_r åhUOo Xoh^md _aon`ªV KÅ> Yê$Z ~gVmo. qnS> d ~«÷m§S>ÑîQ>çm Ah§H$ma H$gm
CËnÝZ hmoVmo nmhÿ. nyd© H$ënmVrb Ordm§Mr ~rO^yV H$_©o d nmn - nwÊ`mË_H$
g§ñH$ma, Ë`m§Zm AZwgê$Z g¥ï>r CËnÝZ ìhmdr hm B©eg§H$ën AgVmo. gmo@H$m_`VŸ&
~hþñ`m_² àOm `o`o{VŸ& gVnmo@Vß`VŸ& gVnñVËdm BX§ gd© Ag¥OVŸ& (V¡{Var`
Cn.) EH$mo@h§ ~hþñ`m_² `m g§H$ënmVM ""Ah§'' Amho. d VmoM g¥ï>rV {Odmn`ªV
nmohmoMVmo. _mUgmMr Xod Mmbdr Ah§VmŸ& _rM EH$ H$Vmª åhUmo{Z`mŸ&& øm
""Ah§'' Mo ApñVËd B©ídambm VmnXm`H$ ZgVo. H$maU Ë`mMo {R>H$mUmMm Ah§H$ma
M¡VÝ` ñdê$nmbm AZwgê$Z AgVmo. nU Ord Xohmer VmXmËå` nmdyZ B©ídar
Ah§H$ma Ë`mMm Ë`mMo ñdmYrZ Z H$[aVm, AkmZmZo Zída Xoh åhUOoM _r
Aer Ah§Vm YaVmo åhUyZ gwI - Xw:ImÀ`m na§naoV gmnS>Vmo. _r Xoh ho AmdaUê$n
AkmZ hmM Ah§H$ma. B©e g§H$ënmV CËnÝZ Pmbobm d {Odmn`©V Ambobm Omo
Ah§^md, Vmo ñdê$nmH$ma, M¡VÝ`mH$ma Pmbm H$s, H¡$dë` d XohmH$ma Pmbm H$s
g§gma, ZmW åhUVmV, ""Ah{_{V àW_mÜ`mg|Ÿ & Ordmgr OrdËd Am^mgoŸ&
Vmo Oo Oo VËdt àdoeoŸ & V| _r Eog| åhUV{M Ÿ&& VoWo _r Xohr åhUVm§Ÿ&
VËH$mi Om` nyU©Vm...'' (Zm. ^m. 12-309,310 ) hm Xoh _`m©{XV Ah§H$ma
{Odmbm ZmMdVmo. _r XoIUm, _r Hw$ê$n , _r YZdmZ, _r Jar~, _r n§{S>V, _r
Iwim, _r OÝ_Vmo, _r _aVmo BË`m{X H$ënZm§Zr {OdmMm ZmM gwê$ hmoVmo. n§MrH¥$V
n§M^yVm§Zm XohmH$ma Ambm H$s Ah§H$ma gd© eara ì`mnVmo. {Odmbm "W¡ W¡'
ZmM{dVmo. hm Ah§H$ma dmQ>ob Ë`m dñVyda PS>n KmbVmo d ZH$mo Ë`m dñVyer
VmXmËå` nmdVmo. _mPo Ka, _mPr ñÌr, _mPo nwÌ, _mPr O_rZ Ago gd©
38 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 39

_mPo _mPo åhUV gwQ>Vmo. nU AmíM`© ho H$s,hm AmËå`mer VmXmËå` nmdV
Zmhr. H$maU Ë`mV Ë`mMo _aU Amho. Xoh hmS>m§Mr _moirŸ& _r åhUmo{Z nmoQ>mirŸ&
Vmo Ah§H$ma JmirŸ& nXmW© hmŸ&& (A_¥Vm. 7-109) hm nXmW© åhUOoM AmË_m,
_r _r åhUUmam Xoh A½ZrV qH$dm O{_ZrV JS>ßn hmoVmo d _mPo _mPo
åhQ>bobo gd© `oWoM amhVo.
_ao EH$ Ë`mMm XwOm emoH$ dmhoŸ&
AH$ñ_mV Vmohr nwT>| OmV AmhoŸ&
nwaoZm OZt bmo^ ao jmo^ Ë`mV|Ÿ&
åhUmoZr OZt _mJwVm OÝ_ KoV| Ÿ&&16Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV H$mi Am`wî` ImV Mmbbm` `mMr OmUrd Z
R>odVm AmnU OUy {Ma§Ord AmhmoV, `m g_OwVrV gd© Am`wî` OmVo Am{U
AH$ñ_mV _¥Ë`wMr PS>n nSy>Z _Zwî` _¥Ë`w_wIr nS>Vmo Ago gm§{JVbo.
ñdV:À`mM _¥Ë`yMr ñdV:g OmUrd ZgVo. nU VmoM Xwgè`mMo {R>H$mUr nmhÿZ
Var _Zwî`mZo gmdY ìhmdo H$s Zmhr ? Xwgè`mMo nmhyZhr _Zwî` ~ogmdY
amhVmo. Vmo H$m amhVmo ho `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
~m _Zm, Aao Xwgè`m {OdbJmMm _wË`y nmhÿZ Vy aS>Vmog Zm ? emoH$
H$aVmog Zm ? _J hrM nmir EHo$ {Xder AmnUmdahr `oUma ho Vwbm H$go
g_OV Zmhr ? EdT>çmZo Vy OmJm H$m hmoV Zmhrg ? CbQ> ñdV:g {Ma§OrdM
g_OVmog Am{U _¥Ë`w_wIr nS>Vomg. ho Ho$dT>o AmíM`© ! hrM _m`m. hmM
^«_. nhmVmo OZmbm {H$Vr EH$ OmVrŸ& VZy Q>m{H$Vmho nwT>o Vo nhmVrŸ& JVmÀ`m
H$Wm H$m{T>Vmo Aën H$mhtŸ& nwT>o bmoH$ Vo H$m{T>Vr Am_wÀ`mhrŸ&& Amnë`mnwT>o
_¥V Pmbobr _mUgo AmnU nmhVmo. Ë`mMog§~§Yr AmnU ~mobVmo. nU AmnUhr
_aUma d Amnë`m_mJo bmoH$ AgoM AmnUm{df`r ~mobUma, `mMr OmUrd
`oV Zmhr. _¥V eara A½Zr_wIr nS>VmZm _Zmbm MQ>H$m ~gyZ _Z {daŠV
~ZVo. nU ho ñ_emZd¡am½` Kar `oB©n`ªVM. EH$ nhmVgm§ EH$m§Mr XhZ|Ÿ& gmdY
Ë`m JwU| H$m§ ao Z ìhm ? (Jm. 3417) ""_¥Ë`wMm YJYJVm {ZImam AñVZrV
AgVm Jßn H$go ~gVm ? Xoh nS>bm Zmhr Vmoda gmdY ìhm d Xodmbm Zmd
KoD$Z hmH$m _mam Am{U Amnbo H$ë`mU gmYm. nwT>o `oUmè`m g§H$Q>mMr
AmJmD$ Mmhÿb {_iyZhr Omo gmdY hmoV Zmhr Vmo EoZdoir OiË`m KamV
gmnS>boë`m _mUgmg ñdgm_Ï`m©Zo {dhra IUVm `oV Zmhr d Vmo OiyZ
_aVmo, Vgm _¥Ë`w_wIr nS>ob''. _Zwî` ~ogmdY H$m amhVmo ho nwT>o gm§JVmV.
_Zwî`mMm {df`bmo^ BVH$m O~aXñV Amho, H$s Vmo H$_r Va hmoV
ZmhrM nU CbQ> dmT>VM OmVmo. Vmo ImXmS> Amho. {df` go{dVm H$moU V¥ßV
PmbmŸ& B§YZo {Z_mbm A½Zr Ho$drŸ&& (VwH$mam_) `m jwãY dmgZm_Ü`o Vmo BVH$m
Yw§X d Jw§J hmoVmo H$s Ë`mbm _aUmMo ñ_aUhr ahmV Zmhr d jwãY dmgZm_wioM
OÝ_ ¿`mdm bmJVmo hohr H$iV Zmhr. `m_wioM Vmo OÝ_ - _aUmMo \o$è`mV AS>H$Vmo.
H$mimMo ñ_aU Z amhVm Vmo {df`mV H$gm Jw§JyZ OmVmo øm~Ôb kmZmo~mam`
åhUVmV. ""AJm _a hm ~moby Z gmhVrŸ& Am{U _o{b`m Var aS>VrŸ& nar AgV|
OmV Z J{UVrŸ& JqhgnU|Ÿ&& XX©wa gmno J{iOVw Amho C^mŸ& H$s¨ Vmo _m{g`m
doQ>mir {O^mŸ& V¡go àm{U`o H$dUm bmo^mŸ& dmT>{dVmo V¥îUmŸ&'' (km. 9-513,
514) _ZmMo ûcmoH$ 9 _Ü`o Ðì`bmo^ ZH$mo Ago gm§{JVbo. ûcmoH$ 13 _Ü`o
nañÌrbmo^ dmB©Q> Ago åhQ>bo Am{U `m ûcmoH$mV {df`bmo^m~Ôb gm§JV AmhoV.
V¥ßVr Z hmoUo hmM Á`mMm ñd^md Vmo bmo^. `mMm OÝ_Amho aOmoJwUmnmgyZ.
""gËdmV²g§Om`Vo kmZ§ aOgmo bmo^ Ed M&& (^. Jr. 14-17) aOmo JwUmMo
àm~ë`mZo H$moUVr {MÝho {XgVmV `mMohr ^JdmZm§Zr dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. bmo^:
àd¥{Îmama§^: H$_©Um_e_: ñn¥hmŸ& aOñ`oVm{Z Om`§Vo {dd¥ÜXo ^aVf©^Ÿ&& (^.
Jr. 14-12) aOmoJwU à~b Pmbm H$s bmo^, Ë`m_wio {df`mH$S>o àd¥Îmr, Ë`màrË`W©
H$_m©bm àma§^ d Vmo àmßV hmoB©n`ªV Aem§Vr amhVo. àmßV Pmë`mg A{V V¥îUm
Aer hr na§nam Amho. H$_m©Mr Yw_mir _mOVo d Ë`m_wio ñd¡ag§Mma Mmby hmoVmo.
hm R>m`dar bmo^wŸ& H$ar ñd¡aËdmMm am~wŸ& d|Q>m{iVm§ Abm^wŸ& V| V| CaoŸ&&
(km. 14-230) bmo{^ï>nUm_wio ñd¡a dV©Z ~moH$miVo, Aàmß` VodT>oM gwQ>Vo.
Á`m aOmoJwUmnmgyZ bmo^ CËnÝZ hmoVmo, Vmo aOmoJwU-{df` V¥îUm d
{df`mgŠVr `mMo H$maU Agë`m_wio Vmo a§Job Amho. ""aOmo amJmË_H§$ {dpÜX V¥îUmg
Jg_wX²^d_²Ÿ & V{ÝZ~ÜZm{Z H$m¡ÝVò H$_©g“oZ Xo{hZ_²'' (^. Jr. 14-7) hm
{OdmË_m XohmMo {R>H$mUr H$gm ~ÜX hmoVmo nmhm. aOmoJwU {Odmbm a§Job
~Z{dVmo. Ë`m_wio {df`bmo^, H$m_dmgZm CËnÞ hmoVmV. B§ÐmMo Eoíd`© àmá
Pmbo Var V¥ár Zmhr. dmgZmàm~ë`m_wio hmVMm ^moJ g§në`mda nwT>o H$m` ?
`mMr {dd§MZm gwê$ hmoVo. ^moJ gVV ahmd`mgmR>r {OdmMm AmQ>m{nQ>m.
^moJdmgZm Zoh_rM AV¥ßV am{hë`m_wio nwZ: OÝ_ KoUoMr nmir. jU^a
40 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 41

{df` H$ënZm gmoSy>Z hm Ord ñdñW åhUOo Amnë`m ñdê$nr pñWa hmoÊ`mMm
Aä`mg H$aob Va {H$Vr _m¡O hmoB©b ! nU d¥Îmr ñW¡`m©Mr JmoS>rM Ë`mbm _mhrV
Zgbo_wio j{UH$ {df`gwIbmo^mZo nwZ: J^©dmg ñdrH$maVmo. Eogm Xoht
XohmdoJimŸ& Vo V¥îUo{M`m gmIimŸ& IQ>mQ>mony dmho Jim§Ÿ& ì`mnmamMmŸ&& ho
aOmoJwUmM| Xmê$UŸ& Xoht Xo{h`m{g ~§YZŸ& (km. 14-172-173)
_Zr _mZd ì`W© qMVm dmhmV|Ÿ&
AH$ñ_mV hmoUma hmoD${Z OmVoŸ&&
KS>o ^moJU| gd©hr H$_©`moJ|Ÿ&
_Vr_§X V| IoX _mZr {d`moJ|Ÿ&&17Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV aOmoJwUm_wio CËnÝZ hmoUmè`m bmo^m_wio OrdmË_m
dmgZmV¥ßVrgmR>r nwZ: OÝ_ KoVmo, Ago gm§{JVbo. J^m©Mo hmb gmogyZ
OÝ_mZ§Va Var ñdñWVm àmßV hmoVo H$m` ? Zmhr. OÝ_mnmgyZ _¥Ë`yn`©V qMVm
gwQ>VM Zmhr.
_Zwî`mMo jwÐËd XmI{dUogmR>r ZnwgH$qbJr à`moJ Ho$bm Amho. ì`W©
qMVm dmhVmo, Agm eãXà`moJ hdm; nU dmhmVo, hm eãXà`moJ `moObm
Amho. gd© _mZdr OrdZ {M§VoV OmVo. H$go hmoB©b ? H$m` hmoB©b ? H$go H$ê$ ?
H$m` H$ê$ ? Aer AI§S> qMVm bmJyZ amhVo. hr qMVm H$m ? `mMm {dMma
Ho$ë`mg haXmgmMr H$Wm Oer _yi nXmda `oVo, Vgo qMVoMo _yi Xoh-bmo^
~wÜXrda `oD$Z Q>oH$Vo. `m Xoh~wÜXrMr AmB© Amho dmgZm d {nVm Amho Ah§H$ma.
ho XmoKo {Odmbm _mohmV nmSy>Z qMVoV Q>mH$VmV. qMVm åhUOo OUy {MVmM,
hr hmoaniyZ H$mT>Vo. {VZo ñdJ©, _¥Ë`y, nmVmi ì`m{nbo AmhoV. nmVmimhÿ{Z
{ZåZŸ& {O`o{M`o C§{M`o gmZ| JJZŸ& O| nmhVm§ {Ì^wdZ AUwhr ZmohoŸ&& (km.
16-331) nmVmimnojmhr Imob, C§Mrbm {Obm AmH$mehr R>|JUo d {OÀ`m
{dñVmamnwT>o {Ì^wdZhr AUy `odT>o Zmhr, Aer qMVm {Ì^wdZmMoM nmR>r
bmJbr Amho. dmñV{dH$ {OdmZo qMVm dmhUo ì`W©M. g¥ï>r {OdmMr H$s
{edmMr ? AWm©V {edmMr. F$Vw_mZ, {Xdg, amÌ, CËnÎmr, pñWVr, g§hma dJ¡ao
ì`dñWm nmhUmam B©ída Amho, Ord Zmhr. \w$Q>o Vê$da CîU H$mb _mgrŸ&
OrdZ V`m{g H$moU KmbrŸ&& (VwH$mam_) åhUOo g¥ï>rMm ì`dñWmnH$ B©ída
AmnU Ord g¥ï>rVbo. _J Omo g¥ï>rMr H$miOr dmhVmo Ë`mbm Am_Mr
H$miOr Zmhr H$m` ? VoUo VwPr H$m` Zmhr Ho$br qMVmŸ& (VwH$mam_) åhUyZ
g_W© åhUVmV, gd© H$m§hr qMVm Ho$br ^Jd§VoŸ& Amnwbo qMVoZo H$m` hmoVoŸ&&
Oo KS>m`Mo VoM KS>Uma, VwÂ`m BÀN>oda H$mhr Adb§~yZ Zmhr, Oo
KS>Uma Ë`mVrb H$mhr Jmooï>r Vwbm AZwH$yb Aem hmoVrb, H$mhr à{VHy$b hmoVrb.
hm g¥ï>r-ì`dhmaM Amho. OJ ho Amnbo ZgyZ na_oídamMo Amho. H$moUmbm nwT>o
AmUm`Mo, H$moUmbm _mJo Q>mH$m`Mo, `mMr gyÌo Ë`mMo hmVr. Am_À`m H$_©JVrMo
MH«$ g¥îQ>rÀ`m H$_©MH«$mV KS>çmimà_mUo {ZJ{S>V Amho. {Odmbm g¥ï>rH«$_mZwgma
H$_©JVr AgyZ {edm` àmaãYH$_m©À`m Amgm^modVr {\$aÊ`mMr JVr Amho. g¥ï>rMm
AmoK àmaãY H$_m©bm AZwHy$b AgVmo Voìhm à`ËZ {gÜX hmoVmo. Ooìhm ZgVmo
Voìhm à`ËZ \$mob R>aVmo. AZwHy$b AmoK Agob Va nmohUmam naVrambm `mo½`
Ë`m {R>H$mUr nmohmoMVmo. na AmoK à{VHy$b Agob Va H$bm AgyZhr Vmo
^bVrH$S>o bmJVmo qH$dm ~wS>Vmo. hmZr _¥Ë`w bm^ hmoUma OmUmaŸ& gd©hr g§gma
g§{MVmMmŸ&&
Agm hm gd© Amnë`m H$_m©Mm Ioi Amho. g¥ï>rMm H«$_ R>a{dUmam
B©ídaM. H$_m©Mo \$b XoUmam B©ídaM. Vmo Amnë`m H$_m©Zwgma \$b XoVmo.
b„mQ>r {b{hbo hmoC{Z`m JoboŸ& g§{MV ^moJbo nm{hOo VoŸ&& nU Ah§H$mar d
AkmZr {Odmbm Amnë`m _Zmà_mUo Jmoï> KS>br Zmhr qH$dm EImÚm
{OdbJmÀ`m _¥Ë`w_wio {d`moJ KS>bm åhUOo IoX CËnÝZ hmoVmo d Xw:I Pmbo
åhUOo B©ídamÀ`m Zmdo AmoaS>Vmo qH$dm àmaãYmbm Xmof XoVmo. nU Amnë`m
nyd©H$_m©Mm _mÌ Ë`mbm {dga nS>Vmo. B©ída H¥$nmiy Amho, Ý`m`r Amho, hohr
Vmo {dgaVmo. `mda dmMH$ Aer e§H$m KoVrb H$s gd© gwIXw:Imon^moJ
Oa B©ídamYrZ AmhoV, Va {ZJ«h H$embm ? gH$i B©ída, _Z H$m AmdamdoŸ&&
qH$dm EImXm ""àmaãYmV Agob Va hmoB©b na_mW©'' Agm _Vb~qgYyMm
AmYma KoD$Z na_mWm©~Ôb CXmgrZ amhrb. åhUyZ H$_©{dnmH$mVrb àmaãY
à`ËZdmX ZrQ> g_OyZ KoVbm nm{hOo.
hm dmX AkmZ XeoVM amhVmo. A{Yð>mZ ~«÷mMo kmZ Pmbo H$s
àmaãY XohmMo _mWr _mê$Z kmZr _moH$im hmoVmo. åhUyZ _{V_§X IoX H$aVmo
Ago åhQ>bo Amho. AkmZ XeoVbm hm dmX AZm{XH$mbmnmgyZ Amho. aÁOyê$no
n[akmVo gn© I§S>§ Z {Vð>{VŸ& A{Yð>mZo VWm kmVo àn§M: eyÝ`Vm§ JV:Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
Xohñ`m{n àn§MËdmV² àmaãYmdpñW{V: Hw$V:Ÿ& AkmZ OZ~moYm` àmaãY§
d{ŠVd¡lw{V:Ÿ&&2Ÿ&& à`ËZdmXM Iam _mZbm Va à`ËZmZo \$b Z {Xë`m~Ôb
42 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 43

d X¡ddmXM Iam _mZbm Va {dZm à`ËZ \$b {Xë`m~Ôb B©ída njnmVr
qH$dm AÝ`m`r Amho, Ago åhUmdo bmJob. nU B©ída Vgm Zmhr, ho
nQ>{dÊ`mgmR>r hm dmX Amho. à`ËZdmXr H$m` qH$dm àmaãYdmXr H$m`,
XmoKm§Mrhr H$_©o MmbyM AgVmV. \$b {_imbo Va {_imbo, Zmhr Va Zmhr, AgoM
{XgVo. ^oX \$ŠV dmX H$aUmè`m§VM. dmñV{dH$ gd© {_ldmXrM. H$mhr doim
H$moUmÀ`m Var à`ËZmZo H$moUmMo Var Zer~ CKS>Vo. EH$mMo à`ËZmda AZoH$m§Mm
hŠH$ AgVmo. EH$mMm à`ËZ Xwgè`mg Ogm \$imbm `oVmo, VgmM Vmo
hm{ZH$maH$hr hmoVmo. ~«m÷U Xmê$ ß`mbm H$s gd© OmVrg H$mimoIr. H$mhr doim
EH$mMr hmZr, VmoM Xwgè`mMm bm^, ì`dhmamV Zoh_r `mMr CXmhaUo {XgVmV.
Am_Mr `mÌm Va Q>m§Jodmë`mMr M§Ji, JmdmV amoJ Va bmHy$S>dmbm gYZ,
àOobm _hmJmB© Va ì`mnmè`mMr I¡amV, YmÝ`mMr Q>§MmB© - H$mim~mOmadmë`m§Mr
M§Ji.
AmB©d{S>bm§Mo à`ËZmZo OÝ_ {_imbm. Ë`m§À`mM H$ï>mZo Vmê$Ê`mn`ªV
dmT>hr Pmbr. ñdà`ËZmZo H$mhr {Xdg OJVmo Z OJVmo Vmo d¥ÜXnUr nwZ:
Xwgè`mMo à`ËZmda OJUo Adb§~yZ. Ed§M Amnë`m XohmV, qH$~hþZm
{dídHw$Qw>§~mV àmaãY Am{U à`ËZ g_g_mZ Zm§XVmV. àmaãYm{edm` à`ËZ
Zmhr, à`ËZm{edm` àmaãY Zmhr. àmaãY d à`ËZ eãX XmoZ {^ÝZ Agbo
Var _mJyZ nwTy>Z H$_©M. kmZr Agmo, AkmZr Agmo, C^`Vm§À`m_mJo Vo bmJbo
Amho. kmZr ñdê$nmZwg§YmZmZo AmKmV ghZ H$aVmo Am{U _{V_§X Vo IoX
_mZr.
à`ËZmZ§VaM X¡d, Zer~ BË`m{X eãXm§Mm CÀMma hmoVmo. àmaãY hm
ew^mbm d Aew^mbm AmXiÊ`mbm EH$ Q>oHy$ Amho. ~mH$s gd© à`ËZM. _Zwî`
_mZVmo Zer~, H$aVmo à`ËZM.
~«÷mÀ`m {R>H$mUr n{hco ñ\w$aU Pmco Vmo à`ËZM, Vmo gd© àW_
åhUyZ loð>. Amho {ZamH$ma, {Z_©i, {ZíMiŸ& VoWy{Z M§Mi àoËZ PmcmŸ& n«oËZ
Pmcm AmYr åhUmo{Z`m WmoaŸ& àmaãY {dMma Eo{cH$S>oŸ&Ÿ&
_Zm amKdodrU Amem ZH$mo aoŸ&
_Zm _mZdmMr ZH$mo H$s{V© Vy§ aoŸ&
O`m d{U©Vr doX emñÌ| nwamU|Ÿ&
V`m d{U©Vm§ gd©hr ûcm¿`dmU|Ÿ&&18Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV _mZd ì`W© qMVm H$arV amhVmo. Oo KS>Uma Vo
doir KS>VoM. nU Oo KS>Vo Vo Amnë`m H$_m©Zwgma KS>Vo, åhUyZ à`ËZnyd©H$
Mm§JboM H$_© H$arV Omdo, ì`W© qMVm H$ê$ Z`o, Ago gm§{JVbo. dmñV{dH$
qMVmM H$am`Mr Va Vr XodàmßVrMr H$amdr, Ë`mgmR>r gËH$_© H$amdo. Za
XohmgmaIm Abä` bm^ Pmbm AgVm, Amnbo Or{dV g§nUonydu B©ídar
AZwJ«h Amnë`mda H$gm hmoB©b, `mMr gmaIr qMVm nm{hOo. bm¡{H$H$ qH$dm
Zída XohmMr-{df`m§Mr Amem Yê$Z H$mhr Cn`moJ Zmhr, Agm CnXoe `m
íbmoH$mV g_Wm©Zr Ho$bm Amho.
~m _Zm, AmË_mam_ amKdmMr H¥$nm n«mßV H$ê$Z KoUo{edm` Xwgar
H$gbrhr BÀN>m R>ody ZH$mog. {df` H$m_Zm dmB©Q> nU H$m_ Agmdm B©ída
^OZrŸ& H«$moY Agmdm BpÝÐ`X_ZrŸ&& fS²>[any§Mm AmoK B©ídaàmßVrgmR>r
di{dUoV H$ë`mU Amho. nwîH$i bm¡{H$H$ gmYbm, nU öX`ñW B©ídamMr
AmoiI nQ>br Zmhr Va OÝ_ ì`W©. bm¡{H$H$ ~am g§nm{XbmŸ& nar A§Var OmJm
Zmht OmbmŸ& _w»` Xodmg MwH$bmŸ& Vmo AmË_KmVH$sŸ&& (Xm. 9-10-9) amKd
hm VwPm AI§S> gmo~Vr. _mZd Xoh Agmo H$s H$sQ>H$ Agmo VmoM VwPm gmo~Vr. Xod
àrVr amIm| OmUoŸ& Xodm{g H$amd| gmOUoŸ& {OdbJ AdKr {ngyU|Ÿ& H$m_m Z
`oVrŸ&& (Xm. 4-8-29) lram_ gmoSy>Z JUJmoV, {dÚm, bú_r, gmo`aoYm`ao,
eoOmarnmOmar BË`m{XH$m§Mr Amem Yê$ ZH$mog. OZ ho gwImMo {Xë`m KoVë`mMoŸ&
~m A§VH$mitMo H$moUr ZmhrŸ&& g_W© ñdV:Mm AZw^d gm§JVmV. ""godHy$
_mZdr`m§Mo H$ï>Vr ~hÿVm§narŸ& go{dbm Xod Xodm§MmŸ& VoUo _r YÝ` OmhbmoŸ&&
ZrM ho _mZdr àmUrŸ& ZrMml` H$m_m Z `oŸ& _hËH$s{V© lram_mMrŸ& \$mdbm
_hXml`moŸ&&'' B©ída Ì¡bmoŠ`mMm CÕma H$aUog g_W©, Va _mZd ñdV:Mmhr
CÕma H$aUog Ag_W©. B©ídamMo {R>H$mUr g_Ëd Va _mZd Amn_Vb~r. B©ída
gX`. _mZd ñdmWm©gmR>r {ZX©`. _mZd H$gmhr dmJbm Var bmoH$qZXobm
nmÌ, Mm[aÍ`g§nÝZ lram_ øm bmoH$-qZXoVyZ gwQ>bo ZmhrV. _J Amnbr H$m`
H$Wm? bmoH$ \$ma dmIm A_§Ji PmbmŸ & Ë`mMm Ë`mJ Ho$bm nm§Sw>a§JmŸ &
bmoH$_mZ Xoh gwIŸ& g§n{Îm Cn^moJ AZoH$Ÿ & {dQ>§~Zm Xw:IŸ & VwPr`o
^oQ>r dmMyZŸ && (VwH$mam_) åhUyZ gd© Amemnme VmoSy>Z H$moUmMrhr ñVwVr Z
H$aVm ~m _Zm, amKdmMoM JwUJmZ H$amdo d Ë`mMrM AmgŠVr Yamdr.
ào_mMm EH$ H$m`Xm Amho. OS> dñVyda ào_ Ho$bo qH$dm Ë`mV AmgŠV
44 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 45

Pmë`mg Vr dñVy Vw_MoOdi amhV Zmhr. AZmË_ dñVyda ào_ H$ê$Z {VÀ`m
{dahmMo Xw:I Q>miVm `oV Zmhr. OS>mnmgyZM Amnë`m ào_mg gwédmV hmoVo
nU Vo VoWoM W~Hy$ Z XoVm nwT>o Om. daÀ`m ^mJmda Z Wm§~Vm Vimn`ªV
Om. åhUOo Zm_ê$nmda Z Wm§~Vm A§VñW na_mËå`mn`ªV Vo Ý`m. H$maU ewÜX
{Ma§VZ ào_ñdê$n Agm EH$ na_mË_mM Amho. VoM gd© gwImMo AmJa Amho.
ñWybmH$Sy>Z gyú_mH$S>o, gmH$mamH$Sy>Z {ZamH$mamH$S>o Agm hm AmÜ`mpË_H$
CÝZVrMm _mJ© Amho. AOw©ZnU Z KoVm§Ÿ& _r Eog| n§Sw>gwVmŸ& CR>Vgo V| VÎdVmŸ&
V`mM| ê$nŸ&& (km. 18-1315) åhUyZ _mZdr XohmMr ñVwVr H$ê$ ZH$mo. Ë`mg
Ioi{dUmè`m A§V:ñW amKdmMr ñVwVr H$a.
O`m d{U©Vr doXemóo nwamUoŸ&& doX Mma AmhoV - F$J², `Oy, gm_,
AWd©. EH$mM doXmMo ho Mma ^mJ ì`mgm§Zr Ho$bo. àË`oH$ {d^mJmMo g§{hVm
d ~«må•U Ago XmoZ ^mJ AgVmV. _§Ì gyÌm§Zm g§{hVm åhUVmV. AmaÊ`Ho$
hm doXmMmM EH$ ^mJ Amho. doX hr A_mZdr XoddmUr Amho.
Anm¡ê$fo`dmŠ`§doX:Ÿ&& OJXwËnÎmrMo doir gd©àW_ CËnÝZ Pmboë`m àOobm
Bhna gwI-gmYZmMm ~moY na_mËå`m{edm` Xwgam H$moU gm§JUma ? _mZdmbm
{Ma§VZ gwI àmßV ìhmdo `mgmR>r Ë`m§Mo à`moOZ. d¡{XH$ àmW©Zm Bhna
gwImW©M AmhoV. "na_oídam VwPo ~«÷VËd OmUUogmR>rM _r VwPr àmW©Zm
H$aVmo. {dnwb nO©Ý`, YmÝ` gwàOm, gXmMma, Aä`wX`, JmoYZ, BË`m{X gd©
VwÂ`m H¥$noZo {ZíMb d {ZXm}f Agmdo. gmam§e, gd© doX na_oída H¥$nogmR>r
Ë`mMrM ñVwVr H$aVmV. EoHo$ doXtMm VmËn`m©W©Ÿ& _w»` _r ^Omdm ^Jd§VŸ&&
doX AZ§V ~mobbmŸ& AW© BVwH$m{M gm{YbmŸ& {dR>mo~m{g eaU OmdoŸ& {ZO {Zð>o
Zm_ JmdoŸ&&
doX - 4, F¥$J², `Ow, gm_, AWd©. (àË`oH$mV g§{hVm, ~«m÷U AmaÊ`H$,
Cn{ZfX ho Mma àH$ma AgVmV. g§{hVm - XodVm-_§Ìg§J«h ê$nmZo AgVmV. `mMm
`kmV Cn`moJ. ~«m÷U - `mV gd© `k{dYrMr MMm© AgVo. H$mhr Am»`m{`H$m,
eãX ì`wËnÎmr AgVmV. AmaÊ`Ho$ Cn{ZfXo - `mV VËdkmZ CnXoe AgVmo.
ho Mma nwê$fmW© àd¥Îmr-{Zd¥Îmr, Y_©bjU, AmË_{dMma B. gm§JVmV.) emñÌo
- 6. Ý`m`, d¡eo{fH$, gm§»`, `moJ, nyd© _t_m§gm d CÎma _r_m§gm. JrVm hohr
EH$ emñÌ Amho. Á`mÀ`m {Z:ídmgrŸ& OÝ_ Ombo doX amerŸ& Vmo gË` à{Vk
n¡OogrŸ& ~mo{bbm ñd_wIoŸ&& gd© emñÌm§Mo VmËn`© gmjmV² qH$dm na§naoZo harñdê$n
{ddoMZmW©M Amho. H$moR>o gJwU H$moR>o {ZJw©U BVHo$M. ewH$Xod åhUVmV, AmbmoT>ç
gd© emñÌm{U {dMm`©M nwZ: nwZ:Ÿ& BhbmoHo$ gw{ZînÝZ§ Ü`o`mo Zmam`U: gXmŸ&&
nwamUo 18 - nwam na§nam§d{ŠV nwamU§ VV² àH$s{V©V_²Ÿ&&
nwamUmV nyd©na§nam gm§{JVbobr AgVo d JyT>doXmW© gmÜ`m ^mfoV
àH$Q> H$ê$Z bmoH$m§g ^mdr _mJm©H$S>o didUo, hm hoVw _w»`. nwamUmV EH$m
XodmMr ñVwVr, Va EH$m XodmMr qZXm, Ago dada {XgVo. nU {VMo VmËn`©
qZXm ñVwVrV ZgyZ ñVwË` Bï> XodVoÀ`m Aì`{^Mmar ^{ŠVgmR>r Amho. CS>Ë`m
nú`mà_mUo H$m_ZoZo {Za{Zamù`m Xodm_mJo YmdUo Bï> Zmhr. EH$mo Xod:
Ho$edmo dm {edmo dmŸ&& Ago Agmdo. kmZoída åhUVmV. _mPo A{Yð>mZ YatŸ&
Am{U dmodgo AmZmMo H$atŸ& {nV¥H$m`mªdgarŸ& {nVam§Mm hmo`Ÿ&& (km. 13-816)
Eogm AI§S> ^OZ H$arŸ& CJm Zgo jU^atŸ& AmKdo{Z Jm§dÕmat Ahod O¡grŸ&&
(km. 13-821) Aer ì`{^Mmar ^ŠVr Agy Z`o. EH$ ^ŠV Agmdo åhUyZ
Va, Y[a`obr gm|JoŸ& `oUo AdKr nm§Sw>a§JoŸ&&
VmËn`©,doX, emñÌo, nwamUo `m gdmªMm hoVy EH$M-~«÷à{VnmXZ. doXo
am_m`U|, emñÌo nwamUoofwM d¡ VWmŸ& AmXm¡_Ü`o VWmMm§VoŸ& h[a: gd©Ì Jr`VoŸ&&
åhUyZ g_W© åhUVmV, _mZdmMr ñVwVr H$aÊ`mnojm na_oídamMoM JwUJmZ
H$a.
_Zm gd©Wm gË` gmoSy>§ ZH$mo aoŸ&
_Zm gd©Wm {_Ï` _m§Sy> ZH$mo aoŸ&
_Zm gË` V| gË` dmMo dXmd|Ÿ&
_Zm {_Ï` Vo {_Ï` gmoSy>{Z ÚmdoŸ&&19Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV lw{VnwamUm{XH$m§Zr Á`mMr ñVwVr Ho$br, Ë`m
AmË_ñdê$n amKdmMoM qMVZ H$a, Ë`mMrM ñVwVr Jm, BVa {df`mMo qMVZ
ZH$mo, Ago _Zmbm gm§{JVbo. Ago H$m ? Ë`mMo H$maU øm ûcmoH$mV {deX
Ho$bo.
~m _Zm, amKdmMrM ñVwVr H$a, Ë`mMrM Amem Ya, Ago Vwbm
~OmdVmo. `mMo H$maU VmoM EH$ gË` Amho. BVa gd© OJ {_Ï`m Amho.
doXmVmV {_Ï`m eãX Ambm, H$s _Zwî` {~MH$Vmo. Vmo eãX Ë`mbm IQ>H$Vmo.
àË`j {XgUmar dñVy {_Ï`m H$er, Ago Ë`mbm dmQ>Vo. åhUyZ øm eãXmMm
AW© g_OyZ KoVbm nm{hOo. Á`m dñVybm ñdV§Ì qH$dm n¥WH$ ApñVËd ZgyZ,
46 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 47

H$mhr H$mb ^mgyZ Or Amnë`m H$maUmV brZ hmoVo, Zmhrer hmoVo, Vr dñVy {_Ï`m
Ago åhUVmV. CXm. KQ> - KQ>mnydu - KQ> V`ma Pmë`mda d KQ> \w$Q>ë`mda
Ho$di _mVrM; åhUyZ _mVr gË` d KQ> {_Ï`m. gË` Ho$di na_mË_ dñVyM.
Ë`m ì`{V[aº$ BVa gd© Zm_ - ê$nmË_H$ ^mg - _m`m. `oWo g_WmªZr gË` åhUOo
~«÷ d {_Ï`m åhUOo _m`m, Aem AWu eãX - `moOZm Ho$br Amho. gË`
åhUOo ñdê$n OmUŸ& AgË` _m`m h| à_mU Ÿ&& (Xm. 10-10-55)
g¥ï>rnydu {Z^©oi, {Z_©i, AmZ§Xñdê$n kmZ_mÌ H$maU ê$n ~«÷
EH$M hmoVo - na~«÷. VoWo JwU ZìhVo, g§H$ën ZìhVm, {H«$`m ZìhVr, Zm_ê$n CnmYrhr
ZìhVr, {VÝhr H$mirhr EH$ê$n AgUmè`m gË` ñdê$nmV, dV©_mZ, ^yV, ^{dî`
hr H$mbJUZmhr ZìhVr. ho g¥ï>rnyduMo ewÕ ñdê$n Pmbo. nU g¥ï>rÀ`m
H$m`©H$maUmMm g§~§Y bmdUogmR>r g¥ï>r - H$m`m©MoM Vo H$maU hmoD$Z nwT>Mm
CnH«$_ gwê$ hmoVmo. KQ> {XgVmo. _J Vmo H$gm Pmbm hm H$m`© H$maUmMm {dMma.
H$m`© ^mgVo åhUyZ H$maU gm§Jmdo bmJVo, H$pënV d§emdirMm _yi nwê$f
H$pënVM AgUma. Vgo H$m`©H$maU eyÝ` Aem ñdê$nmMo {R>H$mUr g¥ï>rMm
Ho$di Amamon R>aVmo. `m Amamo{nV H$m`©H$maU na§naobm _yi ñdê$nmMo AkmZ hoM
H$maU Amho. dm§Po{M`m boH$mŸ& H¡$Mr OÝ_ n[ÌH$mŸ& (km. 15-234) åhUyZ Vo
Amamonmnydu hmoVo Ago lw{V gm§JVo. g¥îQ>rnydu A{VJyT> Ago V_ _m`mê$nr hmoVo,
Ë`mbm Aì`ŠV åhUVmV. Ë`mVM g¥ï>r {dbrZ hmoVr. V_moê$n _m`oZo AdJw§R>rV
Oo M¡VÝ` hmoVo, Vo g§H$ën H$ê$Z nwT>o {dídê$nmZo AmH$mabo. JyT>Vm hmM øm
_m`oMm ñd^md. `m M¡VÝ`mÀ`m AmdaUmbmM _m`m AWdm àH¥$Vr åhUVmV.
gy`m©nmgyZ {Z_m©U Pmbobo T>J gw`m©bm AmÀN>m{Xë`mgmaIo dmQ>VmV. VgoM ho g§nH©$
ZgVm g§nH©$ åhUyZ _yi ñdê$nmMo AkmZM _m`oMo ê$n. `m _m gm _m`mŸ& Oo
àË`j nmhmVm AmS>ioŸ& {dMma KoVm§ Oar ZmS>ioŸ& O`oMm nma Z H$ioŸ&
~«÷m{XH$mgrŸ&& (Xm. 1-3-7) åhUyZ A{Zd©MZr`. _wimV ZgyZ ^mgUo. gy`©
CîUVo{edm` T>J {Z{_©Vr Zmhr Am{U T>Jm{edm` nmD$g Zmhr. VgoM
~«÷gÎmo{dZm _m`m Zmhr _m`o{dZm OJ CËnÞ hmoV Zmhr. _m`monmYr_wio e~b
~«÷Ëd _m`monm{YO©JÚmo{Z: gd©kËdm{XbjU: Ÿ&& hoM gd©km{X bjU`wº$ e~b
~«÷. ~hþñ`m§ àOm`o` _r ~hþ ìhmdo åhUyZ AZoH$ê$n Pmbo. na_mËå`mbm
g§H$ën Pmbm. _ZmÀ`m `m g§H$ënmZo g¥ï>r H$aÊ`mMr àd¥Îmr Pmbr. ApñV - ZmpñV
`mhÿZ {dbjU Aer hr A{Zd©MZr` _m`m Amho. _m`mM V_moê$nmŸ&& åhUyZ
~«÷kmZmZoM `m _m`oVyZ åhUOoM AkmZmVyZ gwQ>H$m hmoVo. åhUyZ g_W©
åhUVmV H$s, gË` ~«÷mMr H$mg Ya, {_Ï`m _m`oÀ`m ZmXr bmJy ZH$mog.
gd©Wm gË` åhUOo {ÌH$mbm~m{YV gË` - {Zê$nmYrH$ ~«÷. gd©Wm {_Ï`m
åhUOo _wimVM Oo Zmhr Vo. AOmVdmX bjmV KoD$Z øm XmoZ MaUm§Mr
_m§S>Ur Ho$br Agmdr d eodQ>À`m XmoZ MaUm§V Oo gË` VoM dmMo dXmdo
d {_Ï`m gmoSy>Z Úmdo Agm _Zmbm CnXoe H$aVmV.
àd¥ÎmrV gË`M gV² eãXmZo AmoiIbo OmVo - gÕ_©, gÀN>mñÌ BË`m{X.
{Zd¥ÎmrV gË`M VV² eãXmZo X{e©V Ho$bo OmVo. gË` åhUOo gË`dmUr Agm AW©
_ZmV AmUë`m{edm` "gË`' `mMm ZrQ> CbJS>m hmoUma Zmhr. gË`§dX -
åhUOo Ogo AmnUm§cm _mhrV Agoc Vgo dmUrZo ~mocUo, åhUOo gË`dmUr åhUOoM
gË`. Ho$di dmUrZo gË` ~mobUo gË` hmoUma Zmhr qH$dm dmUrZo AgË` ~mobUohr
gË` R>aob. "Ambm ~mD$' hr N>moQ>çmg KmVbobr {^Vr _aUmMo n§Wmg bmJboë`m
amo½`mg {Xbobm d¡Ú~wdm§Mm YramMm eãX. åhUyZ Ho$di eãXm§À`m CÎmmZmWm©H$S>o
bj Z XoVm, hoVyH$S>o bj XoD$Z gË`mgË`mMm {ZU©` Ho$bm nm{hOo. åhUyZ gË`§dX
Ago gm§JyZ Y_ªMa Ago åhQ>bo Amho `mgmR>r gË`. åhUOo - gÕ_m©bm YéZ
AgVo d dmUrZohr VgoM ~mobbo OmVo Vo gË`. Oo EoH$Ê`mbm JmoS>, Oo
n[aUm_r gË` d {dH$maa{hV Agob Ë`m ~mobÊ`mg gË` åhUVmV. V¡go
ldUgwI MVwaŸ& n[aU_mo{Z gmMmaŸ& ~mobU| Oo A{dH$maŸ& V| gË` `oW| Ÿ&&
(km. 16 - 124)
H$mhr àg§Jr, {ddmh - àmUg§H$Q> dJ¡ao, ImoQ>o ~mobUo Mmbob, Ago
H$U© ndm©V gm§{JVbo Amho. nU ho àg§J g§H$Q>g_`r ñdg§ajUmW© dmnaÊ`mMo
AmhoV. Xwgè`mg ~wS>{dÊ`mgmR>r Zìho. OS> d Zmed§V Xoh Jobm Var Mmbob nU
gË` gmoSy> Z`o.
Amnë`m àm_m{UH$ _Vmà_mUo dmJUo d ~mobUo hmM Y_© d VoM gË`
Ago H$mhtZm dmQ>Vo. _Zwî`mMm ñdm^m{dH$ H$b {df`gwI d Ðì` bmo^mH$S>o
Agbo_wio gXg{ÛdoH$ ~w{ÕMm H$bhr AgË`mH$S>o diVmo d AgË`M gË`
dmQy> bmJVo. åhUyZ gXg{ÛdoH$ ~wÕr hr H$mhr gË`mMr H$gmoQ>r R>aV Zmhr. gË`
åhUOo {à` AgyZ Z \$g{dUmao Am{U gË` AgyZ Z XwI{dUmao Vo gË` ^mfU.
gË`§ ~«y`mV² {à`§ ~y«`mV² Z ~y«`mV² gË`_{à`_² Ÿ&&
48 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 49

~hÿ qhnwQ>r hmoBOo _m`nmoQ>t Ÿ&
ZH$mo ao _Zm `mVZm Vo{M _moR>r Ÿ&
{ZamoY| nMo H$m|{S>b| J^©dmgt Ÿ&
AYmo_yI ao Xw:I Ë`m ~miH$mgr Ÿ&&20Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV gË` ~«÷mbm {dgê$ ZH$mog, {_Ï`m _m`oÀ`m ZmXr
bmJy ZH$mog, dmMoZo gË` VoM ~mob, ImoQ>o ~moby ZH$mog, hm {dMma _Zmbm
H$m gm§{JVbm ? _mZdr XohmV ñdñdê$nmMo kmZ Omon`ªV hmoV Zmhr, Vmon`ªV _r
åhUOo Xoh ho AkmZ Xya hmoV Zmhr. hr Xoh~wÕr, AkmZ Omon`ªV Xya hmoV
Zmhr Vmon`ªV dmgZmj` Zmhr. dmgZmj` hmoV Zmhr Vmon`ªV J^©dmgmMm
Ìmg MwH$V Zmhr. åhUyZ øm ûcmoH$mV J^©dmgmMm Ìmg H$gm AgVmo ho gm§{JVbo
Amho.
J^©`mVZoMo {H$igdmUo ñdê$n bjmV `oD$Z _Zmbm d¡am½` CËnÞ
ìhmdo `mgmR>r `m ûcmoH$mV d Vo d¡am½` {Q>H$dUogmR>r nwT>rb ûcmoH$mV CnXoe
Ho$bm Amho.
~m _Zm, AmB©À`m nmoQ>À`m J^m©Vrb dmñVì` \$ma H$ï>mMo Amho.
hmb H$aUmao Amho. {H$Vr {\$amdo bmJVo nmhm. _aUmZ§Va hm ^ybmoH$ gmoSy>Z
nO©Ý`mV dmñVì` H$amdo bmJVo, nmdgmMo Ûmam AÞmV `mdo bmJVo, AÞmVyZ
{nV¥earamV àdoe, VoWo VrZ _{hZo aoVê$nmV dmñVì` H$amdo bmJVo,
H$m_m¾rZo aoV Vá Pmbo H$s, AmB©À`m earamV àdoe. {nV¥aoV d AmB©Mo
aº$ {_iyZ ApñW, _m§g, ñZm`y, aº$ B. A_§Jb nXmWmªZr XohmMr ~m§YUr
hmoVo. AmB©Mo CîU _yÌ, CîU {dð>m, OR>am¾r BË`m{X gd© ~mOy§Zr YJYJË`m
Aem J^m©e`mV Vmo _moXH$mà_mUo CH$S>V AgVmo. dmoH$m ZaH$mMo ag {PanVrŸ&
Vo OR>am¾rñVd VmnVr Ÿ& VoUo gd©hr CH$S>Vr Ÿ& ApñW_m§g Ÿ&& (Xm. 3-1-30)
Xwgè`m _{hÝ`mV S>moHo$ V`ma hmoVo. ghmdo _{hÝ`mV ZdÛmao
CX²^dVmV. gmVì`m _{hÝ`mV MoVZm àdoe. J^m©À`m hmbMmbrMr _mVobm
OmUrd hmoVo. _mVoZo Im„obo AÞ aº$mÛmao Zmio_YyZ J^m©bm nmoMVo. Ë`m_wio
J^m©Mo nmofU d ajU hmoVo. _mVoÀ`m AmhmamMm n[aUm_ J^m©bm ^moJmdm
bmJVmo.
J^m©Mo Vm|S> ~§X Agë`m_wio d S>moHo$ OS> Agë`m_wio Vmo "Imbr
S>moHo$ da nm`' Aem pñWVrV bm|~H$iV amhVmo. da _mVoMm _yÌme` d Imbr
{dð>oZo ^abobm Zi Aem H¡$MrV J^m©Mm H$m|S>m_mam hmoV AgVmo. Eo{g`o
H$mamJ¥hr dñVrŸ& Zd_mg ~hþb`m {dnÎmr Ÿ&& (Xm. 3-1-29)
Amnë`mM H$_m©Zo OÝ_mAmYrM Agm ZaH$dmg ^moJrV AgVmZmhr
X`miy B©ída AmB©À`m ñVZmV XwYmMr CËnÎmr H$arV AgVmo. OÝ_Umè`m
{OdmÀ`m nmofUmMr VaVyX H$ê$Z R>odVmo. Ho$dT>o ho ào_! nU `mMr AmR>dUhr Z
R>odVm Ord J^©`mVZm ghZ H$aV AgVmo. Zd_mg nyU© Pmbo, H$s _J `mbm
Xod AmR>dVmo. Amnë`m nyd©H$_m©Mo ñ_aU hmoD$Z _J Vmo Xodmbm Amidm`bm
bmJVmo. Xodm H$_© Ho$bo JhZŸ& Ë`mMo ho Xw:I Xmê$UŸ& ^moJ{dbo Ëdm§ _O bmJyZŸ&
nwao {ejU AmVm hoŸ&& XwJªYrZo H§$Q>mibmoŸ& OR>am¾rZo nmoibmoŸ& øm ZaH$mV
bmoibmoŸ& {eUbmo AmVm gmoS>dr _OŸ&& {ZO H$_©o ZmZm `moZrŸ& `oWo Ambmo
^moJwZrŸ& dmQ>o _bm ZaH$mhÿZrŸ& J^©dmg hm _hmH$ï> XoŸ& AmVm gmoS>dr `oWyZŸ&
`m dar nmn Z H$arZŸ& Xodm VwPo ^OZ H$arZŸ& Vwbm {dgao Z H$YrhrŸ&& (XÎm
_. A. 11-20-23)
ZD$ _{hZo ZD$ {XdgmZ§Va Ord àgyVrdmVmZo OUy {H$S>çmgmaIm
~mhoa `oVmo. nU ~mhoa dmao Ambo H$s ñdV:Mo nyd©H$_© ^Jd§V `m§Mm {dga
nS>Vmo. gmoh§ {dgê${Z`m nmoVŸ& amho aS>V H$mo@h§ H$mo@h§Ÿ&& (25 C.) g_W©
åhUVmV. ""Xw:I danS>m hmoVm PmbmŸ& Wmoam H$ï>t ~mhoar Ambm Ÿ& gdoM H$ï>
{dgabm Ÿ& J^©dmgmMo Ÿ&&'' (Xm. 3-1-48) {dgaboë`m `mVZm§Mr AmR>dU
XoD$Z J^m©à_mUo d¡am½` àmá ìhmdo, hmM `m ûcmoH$mMm CÔoe.
~ao, J^©dmg \$º$ _mZd`moZrVM ho Var H$moU gm§JUma ? {OdmMr
OÝ_ - _aU na§nam MwH$Ê`mMm g§^d \$º$ ZaXohmVM. hm XadmOm MwH$bm
H$s A§YmÀ`m Jmoï>rgmaIr pñWVr. A§Y = AkmZr Ord. ehamMm H$moQ> =
84 bj `moZr. XadmOm = _Zwî` Xoh. JOH$U© = {df` gwI. ehamMo
H$moQ>mVyZ XadmÁ`mH$S>o MmMnS>V `oUmè`m A§Ymbm EoZ XadmÁ`mOdi JOH$U©
ImOdmdogo dmQ>Vo. VodT>çmV XadmOm MwH$Vmo d nwZ: \o$am. newXohmV Va
hmbm§Mm {dMmaM H$am`Mm Zmhr. OmVmo ~mbmo `wdm d¥Õm¡ _¥Vmo OmV: nwZñVWmŸ&&
~^«_Ë`of g§gmaoŸ& KQ>r `§Ì g_mo@de:Ÿ&& hr Xw:Ina§nam daModa AmR>dyZ
_Zmg Xw:I ìhmdo, `m Amnë`m Xw:ImMm n[ahma H$gm hmoB©b, `mMr H$miOr
CËnÞ ìhmdr åhUyZ `m ûcmoH$mÛmao _Zmg CnXoe. newXohr Zmht JVrŸ& Eog| gd©Ì
~mobVrŸ& åhUmo{Z ZaXohtM àmárŸ& nabmoH$mMrŸ&& (Xm. 1-10-21) Xoh
na_mWu bm{db|Ÿ& VarM `mM| gmW©H$ Omb|Ÿ& Zmht Var ho doW©{M Job|Ÿ& ZmZm
AmKmV| _¥Ë`y n§W|Ÿ&& (Xm. 1-10-61)
50 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 51

_Zm dmgZm MyH$dt `oaPmamŸ&
_Zm H$m_Zm gm§{S>§ ao Ðì`XmamŸ&
_Zm `mVZm Wmoa ho J^©dmgtŸ&
_Zm g‚mZm ^oQ>dt amKdmgr &&21Ÿ&&
J^m©Vrc `mVZm§Mr AmR>dU {Odmcm XoD$Z, Ë`mZo gmdY ìhmdo, ä`mdo
d d¡am½` A§JrH$mamdo, åhUyZ _mJrc ûcmoH$mV J^©dmgmMo hmc _ZmnwT>o R>odco.
ñ_emZ d¡am½`, Á`mà_mUo Kar naVco, _Z g§gmamV cmJco, H$s Zmhrgo hmoVo
; VgoM J^©Xw:ImMr _Zmcm AmR>dU {Xcr Var {df` dmgZm§À`m O§OmimV Jw§Vcoco
_Z Vr cJoM {dgaVo. dmgZm§Mr AmoT> BVH$s O~aXñV AgVo H$s, Ë`mnwT>o
OÝ__¥Ë`yÀ`m Xw:ImMr nwgQ> H$ënZmhr `oV Zmhr, Aer hr dmgZm§Mr AmoT>
O~aXñV Amho. åhUyZ dmgZm§Mm úm` H$aUoMm _Zmcm CnXoe. dmgZm MwH$dr
åhUOo dmgZoÀ`m `oaPmè`m Wm§~rd Agm _Zmbm CnXoe. dmgZmM OÝ_ - _¥Ë`ycm
H$maUr^yV Amho. dmgZoMo _yi N>o{Xë`m dmMyZŸ& Zìho `m I§S>U J^©dmgmŸ&&
dmgZm {Zd¥Îmr åhUOoM _moúm. `m dmgZm§Mm EH$m _mJyZ EH$ Agm AmoK Mmcy
AgVmo. àW_ H$ënZoMo ñ\w$aU. Vr Vrd« Pmcr H$s dmgZm. Am{U A{V Vrd«
Pmcr H$s H$m_Zm. _mZdr _ZmV H$ënZoMm AmoK gVV Mmcy AgVmo. AmMma,
Cƒma d {dMma `m gdmªMo _yi H$ënZm. EH$m H$ënZoVyZ XwgarMm OÝ_. Agm
hm earaê$nr aW, {ZÐm gmoSy>Z ~mH$sMo doir YmdV AgVmo. _Z{üÎm Vwa§Jmä`m_²
eara§ ñ`§XZm`Vo Ÿ& H$mc MH«o$U d¡`m{V nyd© H$_©M gma[WŸ && _moQ>macm
~«oH$ AgVmo. dmQ>oc VoWo Vr Wm§~Vo. _Zmcm ~«oH$ Zmhr. _mÌ H$ënZmê$nr
ŸnoQ´>moc g§nco H$s Vr Wm§~Vo. åhUm¡Z gdmªMo _yiŸ & Vo ho H$ënZm{M Ho$diŸ&
BM| H$o{c`m§ {Z_y©iŸ& ~«÷àmárŸ&& (Xm. 7-5-26) åhUyZ dmgZoÀ`m `oaPmam
MwH$d. g§gmamV AVr Vrd« dmgZm H$emMr Agoc Va Ðì` d Xmam `m XmoZ
dñVy§Mr. `m AVr Vrd« dmgZm§Zm H$m_ åhQ>co Amho. b¡§{JH$ dmgZm ñdm^m{dH$
d Ðì`m{edm` nXmonXr ZS>Vo. Xwgè`m MaUmVrc H$m_Zm eãXhr _m{_©H$nUo
`mo{Ocm Amho. ñÌr {da{hV EImXm ~«÷Mmar amhÿ eHo$c. nU nmoQ> ^aÊ`mgmR>r
Ðì` hdoM. àn§Mr nm{hOo gwdU©. àn§M gm§Sy>Z na_mW© Ho$cmŸ & Var AÞ
{_ioZm Im`mcm Ÿ& _J V`m H$a§Q>çmcmŸ & na_mW© H$¡Mm Ÿ&& ( Xm. 12-1-3)
åhUyZ Ðì`mMr dmgZm hdr. nU ~m _Zm, Ë`m~Ôc Amgº$s ZH$mo. àmaãY
^moJmZwgma Oo {_ioc Ë`mV g_mYmZ Agmdo. `ÑÀN>mcm^g§Vwï>mo Agmdo.
H$m{`H$ H$_© ho ~§YZH$maH$ ZgyZ, H$_m©~ÔcMr dmgZmË_H$~wÕrM
~§YZH$maH$ Amho.
`m dmgZo_wio J^©dmg. J^©dmgmMo hmc _mJo dU©Z Ho$co AmhoVM.
_J àý Agm H$s, J^©dmgmMo H$maU Aer hr dmgZm gwQ>mdr H$er ? AZoH$
gmYZm§Zr Vr Zï> hmoV Zmhr. åhUyZ _Zm ^oQ>dr amKdmgr hm CnXoe. ~m
g‚mZ _Zm, Vy amKdmMr ^oQ> KS>dyZ AmU. AmOn`ªV gwImgmR>r AZoH$ ñWio
{\$acmg, nU {ñWa gwImMo ñWmZ Vwcm H$moR>oM {_imco Zmhr. `mgmR>r AmË_mam_mMr
^oQ> H$ard.
`m amKdmMm Zm_mZo emoY Ko. gmYm _mUgm§Mm nÎmm {dMmanyg
H$ê$Z AmnU emoYVmo. amKdmZo Amncm nÎmm OJOmhra Ho$cm Amho. AmnU
{VH$S>o cúmM XoV Zmhr, ^oQ>rMr BÀN>mM ZgVo. JaO nS>cr H$s YmdmYmd
gwê$. `ofm§ö{XñWmo ^JdmZ² _§Jcm` - VZ§ h[a:Ÿ&& Zm_KmofmV V„rZ hmoD$Z Vy
A§V:H$aUmH$S>o Ymd Ko. H$mZ H$mhr EoH$ åhUoc, S>moio H$mhr nmhm åhUVrc,
agZm H$mhr MmI åhUoc, nU Xwc©úm H$ê$Z Zm_mgagm Vy öX`mV Kyg. Zm_m
g[agmM harŸ& [aKo öX`m_mPmatŸ& VoUo§ YmHo$§ Aä`§VarŸ& hmo cmJo nwar öX`ewÕrŸ&&
Voìhm àn§M gm§S>moZr "dmgZm"Ÿ& OS>mo{Z R>mHo$ OZmX©ZmŸ& "Ah§' H$mê$ gm§S>mo{Z
Ah§nUmŸ& "gmo@h§ gXZm_mOt [aKoŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 2 - 776, 777) _J Ë`m
dmgZocm Xwgao ñWmZM Zmhr. Am{UH$ Xwgao Z`o _mPo _ZmŸ& am{hcr dmgZm
VyPo nm`rŸ&& (VwH$mam_)
gmam§e, Ah§ Oo ho _mohmZo, __ËdmZo OJmV Jw§Vco Amho, Vo
AmË_mZwg§YmZmZo, AmË_ñdê$nr a§Jco nm{hOo. Ah§H$ma Á`mÀ`m ApñVËdmda
Zm§XVmo VmoM amKd. gdmªÀ`m öÔoerŸ& _r A_yH$m EoerŸ& ~w{Õ ñ\w$ao Ah{Z©erŸ&
Vo dñVyJm_rŸ&& ñdê$n {dñ_aUm_wio Ah§ Xoh hm g§H$ënM àW_ dmgZm§Mr
dmT> H$aUog _yi Amho. Var ñdñdê$nmMo{Z {dñ_aUoŸ& Omo g§H$ën CR>r XohnUoŸ&
Vmo CR>mo Zo Xmdm gmdYnUoŸ& dmgZm OoUo n«m¡T> ZìhoŸ& (a§J. `mo. dm. 891)
nU hm {MÎmd¥Îmr{ZamoYmMm `moJ_mJ© gm_mÝ`OZm§À`m AmdmŠ`m~mhoa åhUyZ
g_WmªZr ^º$s_mJ©M gm§{JVcm Amho.
_Zm g‚mZm hrV _mP| H$amd|Ÿ&
aKyZm`H$m ÑT> {MÎmt Yamd|Ÿ&
_hmamO Vmo ñdm{_ dm`ygwVmMmŸ&
OZm CÕar ZmW cmoH$Ì`mMm &&22Ÿ&&
52 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 53

AZoH$ dmgZm, Ðì`Xmam{XH$ H$m_Zm `m§Mo _mJo cmJyZ J^©dmgmÀ`m
`mVZm gmogÊ`mnoúmm amKdmMr ^oQ> H$ard, Ago _Zmcm Amidco. `m
amKdmMr ^oQ> H$emgmR>r ¿`m`Mr, Ë`mZo H$m` gmYVo ho `m ûcmoH$mV g_WmªZr
gm§{JVco Amho.
~m g‚mZ _Zm, `m OÝ_mV _mPo H$ë`mU ìhmdo, {hV ìhmdo, Ago Oa
Vwcm dmQ>V Agoc, Va Vy BVa dmgZm§Zm Z {MH$Q>Vm, AmË_mam_ amKdmcm KÅ>
{MH$Qy>Z amhm. Ë`mMoM qMVZ R>od. EH$M qMVZ R>od. EH$mM {df`mMo qMVZ Ooìhm
_Z Mmcy R>odVo Voìhm VoM {MÎm hmoVo. {MÎmMVwîQ`M_ËH$maŸ& _Z ~w{Õ {MÎm
Ah§H$maŸ& ht EH${M nar {^Þ àH$maŸ& O¡gm ì`mnma V¡g| Zm§dŸ&& (Zm. ^m.
22-351) åhUyZ _Zmcm CnXoe H$s amKd hmM VwÂ`m qMVZmMm {df` Agy
Xo. Ë`mVM _mZdr OrdZmMo {hV Amho. Á`mcm Á`m {df`mMr AmdS> Ë`m
{df`mV Vmo Jw§JyZ OmVmo d Ë`mVM {hV _mZVmo. AmdS>rMo àH$ma AZoH$ åhUyZ
{hVmÀ`m H$ënZmhr AZoH$. WmoS>o Wm§~yZ H$ë`mU H$emV Amho, ho nmhUog _Zwî`
V`ma Zmhr, {dMma Va XyaM. VwH$mo~m åhUVmV. dmQ>o `m OZmMo Wmoa ~m Amü`©Ÿ&
Z H$[aVr {dMma H$m {hVmMmŸ&& àË`úm na_oída nwT>o C^m am{hcm d da _mJ
åhUmcm Va ""J^©dmg MwH$sd, _cm _wº$ H$a'' Ago Vmo åhUoc H$m` ? Zmhr. YZ,
YmÝ`, newd¥Õr AgoM Vmo _mJUma. gd© {hV `mVM hrM ^mdZm. H$moUVr
Jmoï> {hVmMr d H$moUVr AZ{hVmMr ho VrZ H$gmoQ>çm cmD$Z nhmdo cmJVo.
(A) AmË_à{MVr :- ImUo, {nUo, {ZÐm KoUo, àOmoËnmXZ, _aUmcm
{^Uo ho gd© `moZrV ñnï> {XgVo. AmnU gd© ~wÕrZo loð> Amhmo, hm AZw^d
_Zwî`mcm Amho. AZoH$ `moZr§ qhSy>Z ZaXohmV Amë`mda AZoH$ {df` ^moJyZ
AZw^d H$m` `oVmo ? Xw:ImMo S>m|Ja cmJVr gmogmdoŸ& Vo gd© R>mdo gH$im{gŸ&&
Agm AZw^d AgyZhr {dMmaOmJ¥{V Zmhr. åhUyZ Pmcoco g§V gX²Jwê$ H$m`
CnXoe H$aVmV Vo nmhÿ.
(~) Jwê$à{MVr :- darc Jmoï>r cúmmV KoD$Z Jwê$ Agm {ddoH$
gm§JVmV. nídm{X`moZtÀ`m R>m`tŸ& {df`m§dmMmoZr AmZ ZmhtŸ& Vmo{M {df`mo
ZaX|hr§ dmT>{dë`m H$m` {hV Pmc|Ÿ& (Zm. ^m. 9-346) Ordm Oo Oo `moZt
OÝ_JVrŸ& VoW VoW {df`mgº$sŸ& Vo{M _Zwî`Xoht {df` - {ñWVrŸ& V¢ na_mW©àmár
H$modUo XohtŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 17-532) VwH$m åhUo {hV hmo` Vmo ì`mnmaŸ& H$am
\$ma H$m` {eH$dmdoŸ&&
^m§S>dcmda Z\$m cm^cm Va ì`mnma cm^cm åhUm`Mo. ^m§S>dcmV
VyQ> Amë`mg VmoQ>m. ^m§S>dc H$m`_ am{hë`mg Z\$m VmoQ>m H$mhr Zmhr. ZaXoh
ho ^m§S>dc. ZamMm Zmam`U hm \$m`ÚmMm ì`mnma. VgoM ZamMm ney, H$sQ>H$
Pmë`mg VmoQ>çmMm ì`mnma. nwZ: ZaXoh {_imcm, ^m§S>dc H$m`_ g_Omdo.
{hV Vo H$amdo XodmMo qMVZŸ& H$ê${Z`m _Z EH${dYŸ&& (VwH$mam_) VgoM
g_W©hr åhUVmV, ""hmQ> ^acm g§gmamMmŸ& Z\$m nhmdm XodmMmŸ& VarM `m
H$ï>mMmŸ& n[a`m`o hmoVmoŸ&&'' (Xm. 12-8-34) nU hm g§Vm§Mm AZw^dhr
_mZd cúmmV Am{UV Zmhr.
(H$) emó à{MVr :- ZaXoh hr Aer EH$M OmJm Amho H$s OoWo
_Zwî`mcm Amncm CÕma H$ê$Z KoVm `oVmo. _Zwî`mV kmZ hr gd©loð> Jmoï>
Amho. _Zwî` Xo{hMo{Z kmZ|Ÿ& g{ƒXmZ§X nXdr KoUo. Ho$dT>m A{YH$ma àmá Pmcm
nmhm. {df` gd©M `moZr§V AmhoV. nU kmZ ho \$º$ _Zwî` `moZrVM. åhUyZ
^JdmZ åhUVmV, `m kmZmZo _mPm emoY Ko. gd© {df` ~mOyg gmê$Z _mPo
^OZ H$a. (^. Jr. 18 - 66) gd© gm§S>mo{Z Yw§S>m _OcmŸ& Eogo Xod{M ~mo{ccmŸ&&
OoW MhÿH$S>o OiV dUdmŸ& VoWy{Z Z {Z{JOo Ho$dr nm§S>dmŸ& A§Jm _mVo Z ^Omd`m
cmJrŸ& H$dU ~i nm Amnwco A§JrŸ& (km. 9 - 492, 493) åhUyZr Ho$di
Xoh _aUŸ& ho OmUo CKS>r ZmJdUŸ& `m cmJr `oW A§V: H$aU PUr XogrŸ&&
(km. 3 - 209) Agm {ZîH$f© emó H$mT>Vo. Xoh ^aU eãXmZo _mZdr
OrdZmVrc d_© kmZoem§Zr gm§{JVco. Xoh ^aUmgmR>r Amhma, {dhma, Moï>m,
qZXm dJ¡ao ì`dhma cmJVmoM. nU Ë`mgmR>r Ho$di {df`^moJ hoM Or{dV
H$m`© _mZUo doS>onUmMo R>aVo. àn§M gwIo{M H$amdmŸ& nar H$mhr na_mW©
dmT>dmdmŸ& aKyZm`Ho$ ÑT> {MÎmr Yamdo. hm aKyZm`H$ - dm`ygwV hZw_§VmMm
_mcH$. {VÝhr cmoH$m§Mm CÕma H$aUoMo gm_Ï`© `mMo A§Jr Amho.
hZw_§Vmà_mUoM ÑT> qMVZ H$amdo. VwH$mam_mgmaIo g§Vhr ^º$s_mJm©Mr dmQ>
hZw_§Vmcm {dMmaVmV. hZw_§VmÀ`m am_^º$sVrc d_© ho H$s H$_m©V Agm`Mo
Voìhm ñdm{_H$m`© åhUyZ H$am`Mo Am{U H$_m©V Zgm`Mo Voìhm Ë`mMo Ü`mZmV
Agm`Mo.
Z ~moc| _Zm amKdo§drU H$m§hrŸ&
OZt dmCJ| ~mocVm§ gyI ZmhtŸ&
KS>rZo KS>r H$mi Am`wî` ZoVmoŸ&
Xohm§Vt Vwcm H$moU gmoSy>§ nhmVmo ? && 23Ÿ&&
54 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 55

Ì¡cmoŠ`ZmW, hZw_§VmMm ñdm_r Omo aKwHw$c{Q>iH$ amKd, Ë`mMo ÑT>
AZwg§YmZ, _mPo {MÎmmV amhrc, EdT>o _mPo {hV, ~m _Zm, Vy KS>dyZ AmU,
Ago _mJrc ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVco. _Zm, Vy åhUerc, ho am_ ^º$sZo hmoUmao
H$ë`mU gmdH$me gmYVm `oB©b ! Ë`mMr BVH$s H$m KmB© ? àn§MmV n¡gm AS>H$m
Pmcm, nmoao~moio Pmcr - Vr H$VugdaVr Pmcr, godm{Zd¥Îmr hmoD$Z WmoS>o
ñdmñÏ` cm^co H$s _J "har - har' åhUVm `oB©c. Ë`mcm BVH$s KmB© H$emcm ?
nU Zmhr ; hr am_^º$s Aer \$mdë`m doimV H$ê$Z Cn`moJ Zmhr,
VmVS>rZoM ho H$m_ ìhm`cm nm{hOo. Vr H$m ho `m ûcmoH$mV _Zmcm nQ>dyZ
XoVmV.
KS>rKS>rZo Am`wî` KQ>V OmVo Amho, dmT>V Zmhr. KmoS>çmdê$Z
^aYmd Mmcco H$s añVm VwQ>V OmVmo, Vgo g§gma åh{UOo gd|M ñdmaŸ& Zmhr
_aUmg CYmaŸ& _mnt cmJc| earaŸ& KS>rZo§ KS>rŸ&& (Xm. 3-9-1) dmQ>ob Vo
O§J nN>mS>bo, H$moQ>çmdYr YZ {Xbo, Var Jobobr KQ>H$m naV {_iUma Zmhr.
Ho$ìhm _aU `oB©b, hohr g_OV Zmhr. `o{Mj{U _amo{Z OmgrŸ& Var aKyZmW ^OZr
A§VabmgrŸ&& åhUyZ KmB© Ho$brM nm{hOo. àn§Mmbm B§{Ð`o em~yV hdrV _J
na_mWm©bm H$m ZH$moV ? noÝeZa na_mWm©bm bm`H$ H$gm hmoUma ? ~«÷kmZ Oar
H$io CR>m CR>tŸ& Var H$m qhnwQ>r doXemñÌoŸ&& Vo kmZ hmoÊ`mgmR>r ; On, Vn,
J«§WmdbmoH$Z, Zm_g§H$sV©Z hr gmYZo dmnam`bm eara B§{Ð`g_yh YS> ZH$mo H$m
? Am`wî`mMm àË`oH$ jU nXamV nmSy>Z KoVbm nm{hOo. _T>o PmH$mo{Z`m H$aVt
noaUrŸ& (VwH$mam_) Am`wî`mMm àË`oH$ jU nXamV nSy> Xo. åhUyZ íbmoH$ma§^r
CnXoe Z ~mobo _Zm...Ÿ& amKdmMr H$Wm, H$s{V©, Zm_, `mVM dmUrMm Cn`moJ
H$a. dm`\$i JßnmV dmUr IM©y ZH$mog. Vwbm Or MQ>H$ bmJVo Ë`mV Vy
a_Vmog. dm`\$i ~mobÊ`mV Ogm Vy a§JVmog, Vgm ^OZmV a§JyZ Om. Zìho -
Zìho ^OZmVM a§JyZ Om. dm`\$i Jßnm Q>mHy$Z Xo. `mVM VwPo ñd{hV Amho.
àW_ Vwbm ^OZmV JmoS>r dmQ>Uma Zmhr. Var Vy ñdñW ~¡g, _m¡Z ñdrH$ma,
dm`\$i ~S>~S>rZo am_ H¥$nobm _wH$erb. {Oìhobm _mÌ CJmM erU. har har
~mobm Ÿ& ZmhrVar A~mobmŸ & ì`W© Jb~bm H$ê$ ZH$mŸ && VwH$mam_ _hmamO
åhUVmV, ""{XZaOZr hm{M Y§XmŸ& JmoqdXmMo ndmS>oŸ& H$s{V©_wIo JO©o VwH$mŸ&
H$ar bmoH$m gmdYŸ&&'' àmn§{MH$ ~S>~S>rZo H$mhr ì`dhmakmZ hmoVo. nU
AI§S> am_Zm_mZo H$moUVo gwI {_iUma, H$m` {hV gmYUma ? Ago Vwbm
dmQ>ob. nU _Zm, WmoS>m {ddoH$ H$a. àmn§{MH$ kmZ nwZ: J^©dmgmbm
H$maU hmoVo. Ë`mV j{UH$ gwI dmQ>bo Var Vo {Ma§VZ ZgVo. nU am_
^OZmZo bmJVm gy`m©Mo {H$aUŸ& K¥VmM| Zmgo H${R>UnUŸ& Vodt _r àH$Q>ë`m
Zmam`UŸ& Z \$mo{S>Vm§ OmU qbJ Xoh ZmeoŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 20-376). OgOem
dmgZm H$_r hmoVmV, VgVgo {df`d¡am½` hmoD$Z AÝV:H$aU ewÕ hmoVo d
^OZmV JmoS>r dmQy> bmJVo. Ë`m_wio Ë`mMr MQ>H$ bmJVo. gVV ^OZmZo nmn
Zme hmoVmo. nwÊ` dmT>Vo. ^OH$ ñdV: gwIr hmoVmo d BVam§Zmhr gwIr H$aVmo.
gVV§ H$sV©`§Vmo _m§ `VÝVü ÑT>d«Vm:Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 9-14) Eogo _mPo{Z Zm_
KmofoŸ& Zmhr H$[aVr {dídmMr Xw:IoŸ&&
^OZmZ§Xm~amo~aM Xodm~ÔbMo ào_ dmTy> bmJVo. OoWo gwImoËnÎmr VoWo
ào_ R>aboboM. `m ào_gwImMr n[aUVr eodQ>r BVH$s hmoVo H$s ^º$ Ho$di
XodmMo {Odmda Zm§Xy bmJVmo. OÝ_ _¥Ë`yMr ^mIŸ& hmanmo{Z Om` {Z:eoIŸ& AmV
~mhoar _hmgyIŸ& dmT>mo{MbmJoŸ&& (km. 9-198)
`m AZÝ` ^º$s_wio, Xod ^º$mbm _mVoà_mUo {MH$Qy>Z amhVmo.
gVV§ H$sV©`ÝVmo (^. Jr. 9-14) nar V`m§nmer nm§S>dmŸ& _r hmanbm qJdgmdmŸ&
OoW Zm_Kmofw ~admŸ& H$[aVr Vo _mPoŸ&& (km. 9-208) Ago AgVmhr Xod
- H¥$nm gmoSy>Z Vy àmn§{MH$ ~S>~S> H$arV am{hbmg Va, XohmMo A§Vr, _aU
- g_`r VwPm nm{R>amIm H$moU ? `_amOmMo XmT>oVyZ Vwbm gmoS>dUma H$moU ?
H$mimMr `o CS>r nS>ob ~m Ooìhm§Ÿ& gmoS>{dZm Voìhm _m`~mnŸ&& VwH$m åhUo Voìhm
gmoS>drZm H$moUrŸ& EH$m MH«$nmUr dmMmo{Z`mŸ&& O`mgr Zmhr CnmgZoMr nmR>rŸ&
V`mg ^bVmM Hw$Q>rŸ& `m H$maUo CR>mCR>rŸ& ^OZ H$amdoŸ&&
_Zm, Vy e§H$m H$mT>erbM H$s amKd ^OZmZo OÝ_ _aUmMm \o$am
MwH$Vmo ho H$emdê$Z ? Aao, Agm ^Jd§VmMmM OmhraZm_m Amho ZmŸ! Vofm_h§
g_wÕVm© _¥Ë`yg§gmagmJamV²Ÿ& ^dm{_Z{MamËnmW© _æ`mdo{eVMoVgm_²Ÿ&& (^. Jr.
12 - 7) åhUyZ ûcmoH$ma§^rM _Zmcm ~OmdVmV Z ~moco _Zm amKdo drU
H$mhr !
aKyZm`H$mdrU dm`m§ {gUmd|Ÿ&
OZmgmaIo ì`W© H$m§ dmogUmd| ? &
gXm gd©Xm Zm_ dmM| dgm| XoŸ&
Ah§Vm _Zt nm{nUr Vo Zgm| Xo && 24Ÿ&&
56 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 57

KS>rZo KS>r KQ>V OmUmè`m Am`wî`mV, doi dm`\$i ~S>~S>rV
Kmc{dÊ`mnoúmm, am_^OZmV Kmcdmdm ; CÕma H$aUmè`m B©œamMr Omon`ªV
H¥$nm hmoV Zmhr, Vmon`ªV OrdZ _aUmÀ`m \o$è`mVyZ gwQ>H$m Zmhr. åhUyZ
gm_mÝ` OZmnoúmm doJim d {deof Agm gmYZ _mJ© nËH$aUo {df`rMm
CnXoe øm ûcmoH$mV Amho. ~hþOZ g_mOmcm ^º$s, kmZ, d¡am½` B.
nma_m[W©H$ gmYZm~Ôc AmdS> ZgVo. ^º$s H$am`Mr Zmhr, H$amd`mMr Pmcr
Va ì`mdhm[aH$ cm^mgmR>r. OZmMm cmcMr ñd^mdŸ& Ama§^rM åhUVr XodŸ&
åh{UOo _cm H$m§hr XodŸ& Eogt dmgZmŸ&& H$m§hrM ^{º$ Ho$cr ZñVm§Ÿ& AmUr
BpÀN>Vr àgÞVmŸ&& (Xm. 18-7-1, 2) ^º$s Ho$crM Va cm^mgmR>r, ZmhrVa
{Zìdi JßnmJmoï>rV doi H$mT>Uo hm ~hþOZ ñd^md.
dmgZmM H$am`Mr Va ZaXohmV Xod àmárMrM Bï>. BVa {df`
- dmgZm ì`W© l_mcm H$maUr^yV AmhoV. Ë`mV Ah§H$mamMr dmT>M. am_o{dU
Oo Oo AmgŸ& {VVwH$s OmUrd {ZameŸ& _mP| _mP| gmdH$meŸ& grU{M CaoŸ&&
(Xm. 3-10-60) gd© gwI AmË_mam_M Amho. gd© {df` gwIm§À`mÛmao
Ord_mÌ AmË_gwImMmM AZw^d KoVmV. gwIê$n Eogm XwOm H$moU gm§JmŸ&
_mÂ`m nm§Sw>a§Jm gm[aIm VmoŸ&&
àd¥ÎmrV {H$Vrhr Cnm` gwM{dco Var Ho$ìhm H$go dmJm`Mo ho
gwM{dUo H$R>rU. åhUyZ `mo½` doir `mo½` àoaUm hmoÊ`mgmR>r ~wÕrMm àoaH$
Omo B©œa, Ë`mcm eaU Joë`m{edm` gw~w{Õ gwMV Zmhr. Ý`m` - AÝ`m`
g_OV Zmhr. `mo½` ñ_¥Vr hmoV Zmhr. _mZd à`ËZmcm B©ídar ghmæ`mMr
OmoS> hdrM. nm§S>dm§Zr à`ËZ d B©œar gmhmæ` `mMo OmoamdaM `e g§nmXZ
Ho$co.
AmnU BÀN>m H$aVmo EH$ d hmoVo ^cVoM. `mdê$Z ~wÕrMm MmcH$
AÝ` H$moUr Amho. VmoM ~wÕrcm àoaUm H$aVmo. d¡`{º$H$ AgmoV qH$dm
gm_wXm{`H$ AgmoV, AZno{úmV Xw:Io {dd{úmV doir {dd{úmV _Zwî`mdaM H$m
`mdrV ? Vr B©œamZo AmUcr åhQ>co Va Ë`mMo ApñVËd {gÕ hmoVo. Á`mÀ`m
Ë`mÀ`m H$_m©Zo Vr Amcr Ago _mZco Va H$_m©Mo {Z`§ÌU H$aUmam H$moU ?
_Zwî` H$s B©œa ? _Zwî` _mZco Va Vmo AmnUhÿZ ñdV:da g§µH$Q>o AmUdUma
Zmhr. Voìhm H$_© {Z`§ÌU H$aUmar AÑí` eº$s B©œa - Á`mÀ`m Ë`mÀ`m
H$_m©à_mUo ~wÕrcm àoaUm XoD$Z VgVgo dmJm`cm cmdVo. H$_m©Mo VgVgo
\$chr Ë`mcm {_iVo. Mm§Jcr àoaUm hmoÊ`mgmR>r B©œamcm AmoiIyZ Ë`mMr
^º$s Ho$cr nm{hOo. B©œa^º$sMo gdm©V gmono, gmYo gmYZ åhUOoM Zm_
g§H$sV©Z. _§Ww{Z ZdZrVm V¡go Ko AZ§VmŸ&& XwYmVyZ cmoUr Ogo H$mT>VmV Vgo
{ddoH$~wÕrê$n adrZo doXemómMo _§WZ H$ê$Z Zm_ê$n ZdZrV Ko. H$maU ho cmoUr
ImD$ZM Vy nwï> hmoerc. Zm_ KoVmZm XohmMm {dga nS>oc, Aem EH$mJ«VoZo,
ào_mZo Zm_ Ko.
_mÂ`m öX`ñW am_mÀ`m ApñVËdmda _mPo eara MmcV AgyZ _r
Agm ñdV§Ì H$moUr Zmhr. _r åhUyZ CR>Umam Ah§H$ma Vmo Ë`mMmM Amho Aem
^mdZoZo ~m _Zm, Ë`mMo Zmd Ko. åhUOo Vwcm XohAh§H$ma ~mYH$ hmoUma
Zmhr. H$Vm© OJXre ho Vmo IaoŸ& n[a {d^mJ Amcm n¥WH$mH$ma|Ÿ& VoWo Ah§VoMo§
H$m{da|Ÿ& ~m{YOoZmŸ&& (Xm. 20-4-27) _mÂ`m earamMrM H$m` nU g¥ï>rVrc
dñVw_mÌm§Mr hmcMmc Ë`mMo_wio Amho. gm_Ï`© Amho MidirMoŸ& Omo Omo H$arc
V`mMoŸ& na§Vw VoWo ^Jd§VmMoŸ& A{Yð>mZ nm{hOŸo& (Xm. 20-4-26)
Xmg~moYmVrc AmË_{Zê$nU g_mg gd©M Aä`mgmdm.
na_oœamMo _yi g§H$ënmVM hm "Ah§' Amho. hm Ah§^md VmnXm`H$
Zmhr. nU Vmo ~wÕrÀ`m ehmUnUmZo dmJy cmJcm H$s Ah§H$ma hmoVmo d Xohmer
VmXmËå` nmdyZ gwIXw:Io ^moJVmo. {OdmMo Ah§ ñ\w$aU ho àWZ {ZOmË_gÎmo_wio
n[anyU© AgVo. na§Vw _m`o_wio XohmË_Voer VmXmËå` nmdVo. åhUyZ dmB©Q>. Jm¡U
Zmd Ë`mMo§ AkmZŸ& `oèhdt _w»`Ëdo§ Xohm{^_mZŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 22 - 406) `m
Xohm{^_mZm_wioM {df_Ëd CËnÞ hmoD$Z Û¡V^mdZm ÑT> hmoVo. A^oXmZm
Mr dmT>dr ^oXŸ& Voho Ah§VmŸ&
åhUyZ hm KmVH$ A{^_mZ Zmhrgm hmoD$Z AmË_gwImMm cm^
nm{hOo Agoc Va Ë`mgmR>r EH$M Cnm`. ZmW åhUVmV, "VËH$mi Omd`m
Xohm{^_mZŸ& AI§S> _mPo Zm_ñ_aUŸ& JrV Z¥Ë` h[a H$sV©ZŸ& gdmª^yVr g_mZ
_X²^mdmoŸ&&'' (Zm. ^m. 13 - 442) åhUyZ gXm gd©Xm Zm_ dmMo dgmo XoŸ&
_Zm drQ> _mZ§y ZH$mo ~mocÊ`mMmŸ&
nwT>| _mJwVm am_ OmoS>oc H$¢Mm ? &
gwImMr KS>r cmoQ>Vm§ gyI AmhoŸ&
nwT>| gd© OmB©c H$m§ht Z amhoŸ&& 25Ÿ&&
_mJrc 19 ì`m ûcmoH$mnmgyZ 24 ì`m ûcmoH$mn`ªV, gË`mMr H$mg
58 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 59

Ya, {_Ï`mMma gmoS>, dmgZm§Mo ZmXr cmJy ZH$mo, am_^OZ H$a, dJ¡ao
CnXoe Ho$cm. `m ûcmoH$mV _Zmcm Jm|Omaco Amho. ~m _Zm, _mÂ`m ~mocÊ`mMm
H§$Q>mim dmQy> XoD$ ZH$mog Ago ~OmdÊ`mMo H$maU _Zmcm XmoZ VèhoMr
~mocUr nQ>V ZmhrV. (1) XwJw©UmMm Ë`mJ H$ê$Z gX²JwUmH$S>o didUoMr ^mfm
H§$Q>midmUr dmQ>Vo. OÝ_moOÝ_r {df`mMr MQ>H$ cmJcoë`m _Zmcm {df`
Ë`mJmMr ^mfm H$er ê$Mmdr ? IoiH$a _wcmcm Ioiy ZH$mo åhQ>coco AmdS>V
Zmhr. Xmê$~mOmcm Xmê$ gmoS>, hm CnXoe H§$Q>midmUm dmQ>Vmo. nU {hVoÀNw>
_mUgmcm H$ë`mUmW© Vr daModa ~mocmdr cmJVo. _Zm, VwÂ`m H$ë`mUmW©M
hm CnXoe H$amdm cmJVmo, Ë`mMm H§$Q>mim _mZy ZH$mo. (2) H$ë`mUmW© Agco
Var nwZ: nwÝhm gm§{JVcoco _Zmcm AmdS>V Zmhr. Ë`mH$[aVm g_W© åhUVmV.
Aao ì`gZmnmgyZ, AZ{hVmnmgyZ namd¥Îm H$aÊ`mMo Pmë`mg VoM VoM nwÝhm
gm§Jmdo cmJVo. go{dc|{M AÞ godmdoŸ& ~mo{cco{M ~mocmdoŸ& EoH$co{M EoH$mdoŸ&
nwZ: nwÝhmŸ&& eara gw{ñWVrV R>odÊ`mgmR>r Ogo Im„oco AÞ, nwZ: nwÝhm
Imdo cmJVo, Vgo gX²~wÕrgmR>r VoM VoM ~moc Vwcm EoH$coM nm{hOoV. Ë`mMm
H§$Q>mim H$ê$Z MmcUma Zmhr. EoH$coco kmZ AmMmamV `oÊ`mgmR>r Vo nwZ:
nwÝhm KmoQ>rV amhmdo cmJVo. H$Sy> H§$Q>midmUo Am¡fY nU ~ao dmQ>on`ªV KoV
am{hcoM nm{hOo.
H$mhr cmoH$ ~mocÊ`mMm åhUOo Zm_ñ_aUmMm H§$Q>mim H$ê$ ZH$mog
Agmhr AW© H$aVmV. nU nwZ: nwÝhm ~OmdÊ`mMm H§$Q>mim ho H$maU _Zmcm
nQ>Umao Amho. ~mocUo åhUOo Zm_ñ_aU hm \$º$ eãXmW© hmoB©c. g_W© nwT>o
åhUVmV, "'~m _Zm, Aer A_moc g§Yr nwZ: `oUma Zmhr. {H$Vr H$ï>mZo hm
ZaXoh {_imcm. `oWo g§V g_mJ_, ^JdËào_, gX²Jwê$H¥$nm, Aer {Ma§VZ
gwI àmá H$ê$Z KoUoMr g§Yr. H$Xm{MV² àË`úm ^JdV²^oQ> hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm.
hr doi Jocr H$s \$gcmg. hm gw`moJ dm`m Jocm Va nwZ: à^yMaU {XgVrc
H$s Zmhr H$moU OmUo ! ^m{dH$m§Zr `m XohmMm `mo½` cm^ H$ê$Z KoVcm. ~hþVoH$
Ogo Amco Vgo OmVmV d doS>onUmZo nwZ: OÝ_ - _aUmMo MH«$mV {\$é cmJVmV.
~hþVoH$ AmdVu n{S>coŸ& àm{U dmhV{M JocoŸ& Ooqh ^Jd§Vmgr ~mo^mB©c|Ÿ& ^mdmW©
~ioŸ&& (Xm. 3-10-8) ~hÿOZmgmaIm Vy dmhV OmD$ Z`o, åhUyZ Vwcm
daModa ~mocyZ OmJo H$amdo cmJVo. Ë`mMm drQ> _mZy ZH$mog.
nyd© gwH$_m©Zwgma H$mhr H$mc gwImMm OmVmo ho Iao. nU H$mc Wm§~V
Zmhr. Vmo gmaIm ~XcV AgVmo. H$moU g_` `oB©c H$¡gmŸ& `mMm Z H$io {H$
^d©gmŸ&& V¡go d¡^d ho gH$iŸ& H$moU OmUo H$¡gr doiŸ& nwÌ H$iÌm{X gH$iŸ&
{dKS>moZ OmVrŸ&& (Xm. 3-10-39- 40) AmO cInVr Va CÚm {^H$nVr,
AmO ào_ Va CÚm H$mS>r_moS>, AmO KamV Va CÚm ~mhoa, ho Ñí` Vwcm {XgV
Zmhr H$m` ? VwÂ`m ^modVrMo ZmVodmB©H$ Var H$m`_Mo AmhoV H$m` ? Oo `moZt
Om| Ord XohYmarŸ& VoWo§ Vo{M `moZtMr gmò ar§Ÿ& Eoer AZ§V OÝ_o g§gmarŸ& V¡ A{_V
gm|`ar OrdmMrŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 17 - 500) H$m`_ H$moU Amho ? H$_© `moJ| gH$i
{_imctŸ& `oHo$ ñWir OÝ_mg AmctŸ& V| Vwdm Amnwct _m{ZctŸ& H$¡gt ao
nT>V_yIm©Ÿ& (Xm. 3 - 10-52) _Zm, H$R>moa ~mocVmo åhUyZ amJmdy ZH$mog.
H§$Q>mimhr H$ê$ ZH$mog. ZrQ> {dMma H$a. ZmVodmB©H$ OmD$ XoV. Vo Va XohmZo
Xwgao AmhoV. nU Oo eara ñdV:Mo åhUyZ Vy h¸$ gm§JVmog Vo Var VwPo EoH$Vo
H$m ? VwÂ`m _Zmà_mUo H$m_ XoD$Z Vwcm gwIr R>odVo H$m ? S>moim åhUVmo AmVm
_r aOm KoUma, H$mZ åhUVmo ~g EoH$Uo nwao, AYmªJ åhUVo AmVm _r ñdñW
nSy>Z amhUma, Vwåhr hdo Va _cm hcdm, _r Zmhr hcUma. Amnco åhQ>coë`m
ñdV:À`m earamMr hr AdñWm. VwPo VwO Zìho earaŸ& VoWo BVam§Mm H$moU {dMmaŸ&&
(Xm. 3 - 10 - 53) AmVmMr gwImMr KS>r H$Yr ~Xcoc Zo_ Zmhr H$mc gd©
^úmH$. am_m{edm` H$mhrM {e„H$ amhUma Zmhr. gdmªMm Zme AQ>i
Amho. gmdY hmo. åhUyZ ""AmVm EH$ ^Jd§V gmMmaŸ& Yar ^mdmW© ~ioŸ&&''
Vmo {ZË` ewÕ - ~wÕ AmË_mam_M VwPm gIm. Ë`mMr H$ê$Um ^mH$. nmoQ>mgmR>r
_mcH$mMo ^OZ H$am`Mo Vwcm R>mD$H$ Amho. Ë`mMr _Ou g§nmXZ H$er H$amdr
hohr Vy OmUVmog _J Omo AÞ XoVmo CXamgrŸ& eara {dH$md| cmJo Ë`mgrŸ& _m§
OoUo KmVco OÝ_m{gŸ& Ë`m{g H$¡go {dgamd|Ÿ&& (Xm. 3 - 10 - 55) åhUyZ gXm
gd©Xm Zm_ dmMo dgmo XoŸ&
XohoaúmUmH$maU| `ËZ Ho$cmŸ&
nar eodQ>t H$mi Kodmo{Z JocmŸ&
H$at ao _Zm ^{º$ `m amKdmMrŸ&
nwT>§o A§Vat gmoqS> qMVm ^dmMrŸŸ&& 26Ÿ&&
Omon`ªV Amnë`m nyd©H$_m©Zwgma gwImMr doi AgVo Vmoda gwI
AgVo. nU H$mc g§ncm H$s XohmgH$Q> gd© Zmed§V Agco_wio Zmhrgo hmoVo.
åhUyZ CnXoemMm H§$Q>mim Z H$aVm, Xoh Amho Vmoda am_H¥$nm g§nmXZ H$a,
60 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 61

AÝ` OÝ_mV Vohr eŠ` Zmhr Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV _Zmbm ~Omdbo. nU
Ho$di Xoh^aU, nmofUM H$arV amherb Va, Ogm dhmV Ambmg VgmM
\w$H$Q> dhmV Omerb, d {Zð>oZo am_^OZ H$aerb Va _mÌ gd© qMVoVyZ
_wŠV hmoerb, Ago øm ûcmoH$mV ~Omdbo Amho.
Á`m XohajUmW©M Vy Am`wî`^a H$ï> H$aVmog Vmo Amho Var H$gm,
Ë`mMm Cn`moJ H$m`, `mMm ZrQ {dMma H$a, ZmhrVa EHo$ {Xder H$mimÀ`m
O~S>çmV gmnSy>Z Xoh Zmhrgm hmoB©b d Vy qnS> hË`mam R>aerb. qnS> nmogmdo
ho AY_mMo kmZŸ& {dbmg {_ï>mÝZ H$ê${Z`m§Ÿ& jU^§Jya ho Om` Z H$iVmŸ&
J«mg {Jir gÎmm Zmhr hmVrŸ&& Á`m XohmMo H$moS>H$m¡VwH$ Vmo H$gm Amho nmhm
- OS>, AàH$me, nyd© H$_m©Zo ~Õ, gwIXw:ImMo _mhoaKa, {dH$mad§V, _m§g,
ê${Ya, {dð>m, _yÌ dJ¡ao nXmWmªZr ~Zbobm, jwYm, V¥îUm, emoH$, _moh, Oam,
_¥Ë`yMo AYrZ, Aem Zída Xohmbm _r åhUyZ H$dQ>miUo ho Ho$dT>o AkmZ,
hm Ho$dT>m AmË_KmV ! `oH$Xm _oë`mZ| gwQ>oZmŸ& nwÝhm OÝ_moOÝ_r `mVZmŸ&
AmnUm§g _mar Omo dm§M{dZmŸ& Vmo AmË_hË`mamŸ&& (Xm. 18-7-9)
_Zm, namonH$mar VËdkmZr g§Vm§Mm XohmMm {ZdmS>m EoH$. ñWyb 33,
gyú_ 33, H$maU 8, _hmH$maU 8, Aem EHy$U 82 VËdm§Mm hm Xoh Amho.
VËd| VËd _oi{dboŸ& Ë`mgr Xoh ho Zm_ R>o{dboŸ&& (Xm.6-3-20) {ddoHo$ XohmH$S>o
nm{hboŸ& Vm| VÎd| dmog[aboŸ&& (Xm. 6-3-22) Zmed§V VËdm§Zm H$dQ>mimd`mMo
d Vr VÎdo Á`m AmËå`mda ZmMVmV, OJVmV Ë`mbm {dgam`Mo, hm Ho$dT>m
_yI©nUm!
Ho$di qnS>nmoofU H$aUmè`m _mZdmbm g§V g‚mZ, AY_, AkmZr,
AmË_hË`mam Ago H$m åhUVmV ? `mbm H$maUo XmoZ.
(1) XohajUmW© à`ËZ H$a Ago H$moUË`mhr {Odmg {eH$dmdo
bmJV Zmhr. Vr Z¡g{J©H$ àd¥VrM Amho. _mZd BVa Ordmnojm kmZmZo
A{YH$, _J Ë`mbm H$m` ho {eH$dmd`mg nm{hOo ? {eH$dm`bm nm{hOoM
Agob Va hm jU^§Jya Xoh B©e^ŠVrgmR>r na_mW© gmYZogmR>r YS> R>od.
^moJmgmR>r ZH$mo. {df` ^moJmVM Vmo g§nbm H$r ì`W©. åhUyZ g‚mZ bmoH$
_Zmda gmaIm g§ñH$ma H$aVmV. Xoh OmB©b OmB©bŸ& `mgr H$mi ~m ImB©bŸ& H$m
ao Zw_Ogr XJS>mŸ& H¡$Mo hÎmr KmoS>o dmS>mŸ&& åhUyZ amKdmdrU H$mhr ~moby
ZH$mog hm _Zmg CnXoe.
(2) Xoh Am{U Xohmg§~§Yr `m§Mr qZXm Ho$ë`mZo, _r Am{U _mPo hm
KmVH$ Ah§H$ma PmS>bm OmVmo d Am¡Xm{gÝ` àmßV hmoVo. åhUOo hm Xoh hr
Ho$di CnmYr `mMr OmUrd hmoVo. Amnbm AmnU emoY KoVm§ Ÿ& Amnbr Vm|
_mB©H$ dmVm©Ÿ& VÎdm§Vr Cab| VËdVmŸ& {ZJw©U ~«÷Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-3-23) XohmMr
82 VÎdo Á`m A{Yð>mZmda MmbVmV Vo EH$M {Ma§VZ gË`, Xwgao _r
åhUmd`mg AÝ` H$moUr Zmhr. AmOda _r _mPo åhUV Ambmo Vo `m M¡VÝ`ñdê$n
AmË_mam_mMo AmYmamdaM. OS>VÎdo Ho$ìhm Zm Ho$ìhm Zï> hmoUmaM. AI§S>,
{ZË` hm AmË_mam_ _mÌ amhUma, VmoM _r. Agm AmË_~moY hmoUogmR>r AmË_mam_mMr
H¥$nm, AZwHy$bVm bmJVo, Ë`m{dZm ho kmZ hmoV Zmhr d AmË_KmVhr Q>iV
Zmhr. `mgmR>rM am_^ŠVr, am_ ^OZ. Xod AZwHy$i Zìho O`mŸ& ñd`| nmnr Vmo
àmUr`mŸ& ^dmãYr Z Vado V`mŸ& AmË_hË`mam ~mo{bOoŸ&& (Xm. 8-7-23)
åhUyZ CÎmamYm©V g_W© _Zmbm gm§JVmV, ~m _Zm! `m amKdmMr
^º$s H$a. åhUOo Vwbm OÝ_-_aUmMr, Xoh~wÕrMr åhUOoM _m`oMr qMVm
H$aÊ`mMo H$maU CaUma Zmhr. amKdmMr H¥$nm Zmhr Vmoda _Zwî`mZo {H$Vrhr
`ËZ Ho$bo Var `e Zmhr. H$_©_mJ© A{Vgyú_ Z JhZ Amho. `moJ H$ï>mMm
AgyZ {gÕrV gmYH$ AS>H$Vmo d Ah§H$ma {e„H$ amhVmo. åhUyZ
B©ídar H¥$nogmR>r Vy amKdmMr ^ŠVrM H$a. ^ŠVrZo Ë`mMr H¥$nm Pmbr åhUOo
AmË_kmZ ghOmghOr hmoB©b. _J AkmZê$nr _m`oMm nmS> H$m` ? H$maU _m`m
åh{UOo ^JdÀN>{ŠVŸ& ^JdV²^OZo {VMr {Zd¥ÎmrŸ&& hm na_mWm©Vrb {gÕmÝV
Amho. ñdV: ^JdmZM JrVoV gm§JVmV. X¡dr ÷ofm JwU_`r __ _m`m XwaË``mŸ&
_m_od `o ànÚÝË`o _m`m_oVm§ VapÝV VoŸ&& (^. Jr. 7-14) _m`m ZXrMo dU©Z
H$aVmZm kmZoída åhUVmV, ""Oo JwUKZmMo{Z d¥{ï>aoŸ& ^abr _mohmMo{Z _hmnya|Ÿ&
KoD${Z OmV ZJa|Ÿ& `_m{Z`_m§MrŸ&& (km. 7-71) qH$~hþZm ho XwdmS> _m`mZXrŸ&
(km. 7-79) `oW `oH${M brbm VaboŸ& Oo gd©^mdo _O ^OboŸ& V`m EobrM
WS>r gab|Ÿ& _m`mOiŸ&&'' (km. 7-97) Ah§H$mamZo H$moUr {H$Vrhr ñdCÕmamgmR>r
`ËZ Ho$bo Var B©ídar eaUmJVr Zmhr Vmoda ^dZXrVyZ nma hmoVm `oUma Zmhr.
`mgm§R>r _Zm! amKd ^ŠVrM H$a åhUOo Vwbm nwT>o g§gma qMVmM amhUma Zmhr.
^dmÀ`m ^`| H$m` ^rVmog b§S>rŸ&
Yar ao _Zm Yra YmH$m{g gm§S>tŸ&
aKyZm`H$mgm[aIm ñdm{_ eratŸ&
Zwnojr H$Xm H$monë`m X§S>YmarŸ&&27Ÿ&&
62 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 63

VwPm Xoh H$mbmMo ^ú` hmoUma. H$mb H$moUmÀ`m XohmMr ndm© H$arV
Zmhr. åhUyZ XohmMm gXwn`moJ H$aUogmR>r amKdmMr ^ŠVr H$a, Ago _mJrb
ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo. ^ŠVH$moQ>rV Jobo H$s {Z^©` pñWVr H$er àmßV hmoVo ho
`m ûcmoH$mV gm§JyZ _ZmMr nmR> WmonQy>Z Yra XoVmV. ^ŠVr_mJm©V JmT> {Zð>m
CËnÝZ hmoUoMo Ñï>rZo gmYH$mbm hm íbmoH$ \$ma _hËdmMm Amho. `m
íbmoH$mnmgyZ nwT>rb Odi Odi Xhm íbmoH$m§Mm eodQ>Mm MaU EH$M Amho,
Zwnojr H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZr. ^ŠVdËgb am_ Amnë`m ^ŠVmMr H$YrM
Cnojm H$arV Zmhr. Vmo ^ŠVm§Mm A{^_mZr Amho ho nQ>dÊ`mgmR>r hm gmam
IQ>mQ>mon.
Aao Km~aQ> {^Í`m _Zm, `m ^dgmJambm Agm S>aVmog H$m ?
amKdmMo H¥$nmN>Ì VwÂ`m {eamda AgVmZm Vy ä`mS> H$m ? g‚mZJS>mda lr
g_W© g_mYrMo {eamda à^y am_M§ÐmMo _§[Xa Amho, AerM Iè`m ^ŠVmda
H¥$nm AgVo. Vy am_^OZ H$aVmog Zm ? Vy Ë`mMm ^ŠV åhUdVmog Zm ?
_J {^Vmog H$m ? ^d qgYyMr Vwbm dmQ>Umar ^rVr XmoZ H$maUm_wio Amho.
(1) Vy am_ ^OH$ Agbmg Var am_mda {OVH$s JmT> {Zð>m hdr {VVH$s
VwPr Zmhr. VwÂ`m XohmdaM VwPr {Zî§R>m Amho. àn§MmV YŠHo$ ~gbo, AS>MUr
Amë`m H$s am_mZo Ymdmdo, Ago Vwbm dmQ>Vo. am_mgmR>r Vwbm am_ ZH$mo. Oo
KS>Vo Vo am_H¥$noZo, Aer AOyZ VwPr ImÌr Zmhr. àn§MmV gwI `odmo, Xw:I
`odmo Vr am_mMr BÀN>m, Aer VwPr ^mdZm Zmhr. {ZYm©a Zmhr. Aao _Zm,
{ZYm©a ho JmT> {Zð>oMo d_© Amho. {Zð>md§V ^md ^ŠVm§Mm ñdY_©Ÿ& {ZYm©a h|
d_© MwH$m| Z`oŸ& {ZîH$m_, {ZíMi {dÇ>bt {dídmgŸ& nmhmo Z`o dmg Am{UH$m§MrŸ&&
(Jm. 2088) (2) Xwgao H$maU åhUOo ^dqgYyMm ^`mZH$ AmoK. ^ŠVmbmhr
Vmo ^rVr CËnÝZ H$aVmo. Amem, _moh, __Vm `m bmQ>m§Zr IiIiUmam,
H$m_H«$moYm{X ^`mZH$ ObMam§Zr ì`m{nbobm, gwIXw:I, nmnnwÊ`, OÝ__¥Ë`y B.
Û§Ûm§Zr ^abobm Agm hm ^dqgYw ^ŠVmbmhr {^d{dVmo. VwO {Xbm XohŸ& AOwZ
dmJ{dVmo ^`Ÿ& Eogm {dídmg KmVH$sŸ& KS>br H$iVm§ ho MwH$sŸ&& ~mobVmo Oo
VmoS|Ÿ& Zmhr AZw^{dbo b§S>oŸ& X§S> bmho Ho$bmŸ& VwH$m åhUo Or {dÇ>bmŸ&& àË`j
^Jd§Vhr åhUVmV, ""^dqgYwMo{Z_mOoŸ& H$dUmgr YmHy$ ZwnOoŸ& `oW Oar H$s¨
_mPoŸ& {~{hVr hZŸ&& åhUmo{Z`m nm§S>dmŸ& _yVuMm _oimdmŸ& H$ê${Z Ë`m§{M`m
Jm§dmŸ& YmdVw AmbmoŸ&&'' (kmZo. 12-88,89) åhUyZ g_W© åhUVmV, "A^ŠV
AgVmg Va Vwbm ^rVrbm OmJm hmoVr. nU ^ŠV Pmë`mda ^dgmJa
{H$Vrhr ^`mZH$ Agbm Var Vwbm ä`m`Mo H$m` H$maU ?'' Xodmgr ^ŠVm§Mm
{dgê$Ÿ& nS>Uma ZmhrŸ&&
nU Vy åhUerb, Xodmbm Oar ^ŠVmMm {dga nS>bm Zmhr Var
^dqgYyÀ`m JQ>m§Jù`m Imì`m bmJVmV Ë`mMr H$m` dmQ> ? nU _Zm, Aao
Yra Ya. JQ>m§Jù`m ~gVrb, YHo$MnoQ>o ~gVrb nU Vy Ë`mV ~wS>Uma Zmhrg.
Zd{eŠ`m nmohUmè`mbm Jwê$Odi AgyZgwÕm JQ>m§Jù`m ~gVmV. BVHo$M Zìho
Va Jwê$M _wÔm_ nmÊ`mMr ^rVr KmbdUogmR>r JQ>m§Jir XoVmo. nU Vmo {eî`mbm
~wSy> XoV Zmhr. Amnë`mbm ~wSy> Z XoUmam dñVmX Odi Amho, `m {Zð>oZoM Zd{eH$m
_Zwî` JQ>m§Jù`m ImV ImV nmohmd`mg {eH$VmoM Zm ? àmn§{MH$ AS>MUtZm
YramZo Vm|S> Xo, {^D$ ZH$mog. _mPm CÕma H$aUmam lram_ _mÂ`mOdi Amho,
Vmo _bm ImgM Vmaob `mda {dídmd R>od.
(4) Zwnojr H$Xm H$monë`m X§S>Ymar - `m MaUmMo XmoZ AW© hmoD$ eH$Vrb.
X§S>Ymar `m eãXmMm H$mi qH$dm `_amO Agm AW© KoVë`mg - àË`j
AH«$mi{dH«$mi Agm H$mbê$nr `_amO Oar VwÂ`mda amJmZ§ YmD$Z Ambm, Var
hm aKwamO Ë`mbm XaS>mdyZ WmondyZ Yaob Am{U VwPo ajU H$arb. Vmo ^ŠVmMr
Cnojm åhUOo h`J` H$YrM H$arV Zmhr, Agm EH$ AW© hmoB©b.
nU `mM AWm©Mo MaU nwT>rb ûcmoH$mV Amho Vo Ago - "nwT>o
XoIVm H$mi nmoQ>r Wamar' {edm` hm ûcmoH$ ^dmMr (_¥Ë`yMr Zìho) ^rVr
gmoS> ho _Zmbm nQ>{dÊ`mgmR>r Amho. ^dmMr ^rVr XmI{dUmam B©ída Amho,
`_ Zìho. Am{U eodQ>r ^ŠV hmoD$Zhr B©ídar N>ÌmImbr g§gmamMo YHo$MnmQ>o
gmogm`Mo Vo H$m ? hm àíZ `oVmoM. H$maU nwîH$i ^ŠVm§Zmhr g§H$Q>mVyZ Omdo
bmJë`mMr CXmhaUo AmhoV. åhUyZ X§S>Ymar `m eãXmMm AW© `_ Agm Z
KoVm OJmMm H$_© \$bXmVm, emñVm, AmË_mam_ am_ Agm AW© KoD$Z `m
MaUmMm AW© bmdUo ~ao Ago dmQ>Vo. Vmo AW© Agm -
g§gmamVrb YHo$MnmQ>o gmogVmZm hm B©ídar H$mon Amho Ago dmQy>Z
Vwbm ^rVr dmQ>ob. VwwÂ`m H$_m©Zwgma am_mbm H$Yr H$Yr amJdUohr ^mJ nS>ob.
emgZH$Vm© åhUyZ Vmo amJmdob nU VwPr Cnojm _mÌ H$aUma Zmhr. Xodo ^ŠV H$moU
d{YbmŸ& H$Yt Xo{Ibm Zm Eo{H$bmŸ& eaUmJVmgr Xod OmbmŸ& dO«n§Oê$Ÿ&&
(Xm. 4-8-25) _wbJm MwH$ë`mg ~mn WßnS> XoVmo. nU Vr H¥$nmiynUo AgVo.
Xod Ogm H¥$nmiynUo AënYm[aï> nmhVmo, Vgm H¥$nmiynUo amJmdVmohr.
^ŠVmbm d¡am½` CËnÝZ ìhmdo, {ddoH$ `mdm `mgmR>r AS>MUr CËnÝZ H$ê$Z
64 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 65

Vmo amJmdë`mgmaIo XmI{dVmo. ^ŠVrMo hamd`m {MÎmŸ& har h[aVmo Ë`mMo {dÎmŸ&
{dÎm Ë`mJo H$ê${Z gw{MVŸ& Xo {ddoH$`wŠV d¡am½`Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 23-442)
VmËn`©, ho H$s Xod ^dmda amJdmo H$s ^ŠVmda amJdmo, Zwnojr H$Xm ho
H$m`_M Amho. ñdV: ^Jd§VM `mMr ½dmhr XoVmV. nar ^ŠVm§Mo{Z Zm§d|Ÿ&
MVwînmXm{X AmKdoŸ& d¡Hw§$R>r{M`o am{UdoŸ& `mo½` Ho$boŸ&& åhUmo{Z Jm ^ŠVm§Ÿ&
Zmht EH$hr qMVmŸ& V`mV| g_wÕVm©Ÿ& Am{W _r gXmŸ&& (km. 12-93,94)
åhUyZ _Zm! Yra Ya, ^rVr gmoS>.
{XZmZmW hm am_ H$moX§S>YmarŸ&
nwT>| XoIVm§ H$mi nmoQ>t WamarŸ&
OZm dmŠ` Zo_ñV h| gË` _mZtŸ&
Zwnojt H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZrŸ&&28Ÿ&&
Xod ^dmda amJdmo qH$dm ^ŠVmda amJdmo, Vmo Cnojm H$aUma Zmhr
ho gË`, Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo. Ë`mM am_à^yMo dU©Z nwT>rb ZD$
ûcmoH$m§V Ho$bo Amho. àË`oH$ ûcmoH$mMo eodQ>r ""Zwnojr H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZr''
Ago nmbynX R>oD$Z Xmgm{^_mZr am_ ^ŠVmMr H$YrM Cnojm H$arV Zmhr
hm g§ñH$ma ÑT> H$aVmV.
hm YZwYm©ar am_, XrZm§Mm ñdm_r Amho, XrZm§Mm H¡$dmar Amho. `m
^ŠVdËgb am_mnwT>o, gJù`m OJmMm J«mg H$aUmam, gd© {Odm§Zm _aUmMo
^` XmIdUmam `_ WaWa H$mnVmo. ì`dhmamV XrZ hm eãX Jar~, {^Ìm,
Xw~im, bmMma øm AWu dmnabm OmVmo. Ë`m_wio ì`dhm[aH$ XrZVoV jwÐVoMm
dmg `oVmo. nma_m{W©H$ XrZVm loð> XOm©Mr Amho. `mV EH$ B©œaM Amnbm
dmbr-VmoM ZmW- VmoM gd© H$mhr Aer ^mdZm AgVo. ""H¥$îU _mPr _mVm
H¥$îU _mPm {nVmŸ& ~hrU ~§Yw MwbVm H¥$îU _mPmŸ& VwH$m åhUo _mPm lrH¥$îU
{dgmdmŸ& dmQ>o Z H$amdm naVm OrdŸ&& (Jm. 525) na_oídamÀ`m H$Vw©AH$Vw©
AÝ`WmH$Vw©_² eŠVrda Á`mMr nyU© {Zð>m Amho, {OdmÀ`m Aghmæ`VoMr
Á`mbm OmUrd Amho, åhUyZ Á`mZo Amnbm gd© Ah§H$ma, gd© ^md na_oídamMo
AmYrZ Ho$bm Amho, Vmo hm XrZ. WmoS>Š`mV Amnë`m X¡dr JwUm§Zr d {Zì`m©O
ào_mZo na_oídamMo {R>H$mUr X`oMm nmPa \$moS>Umam, Vmo XrZ ^ŠV. øm XrZ
^ŠVmV EH$ {deof AmT>iVmo - åhUOo - XrZ ^ŠVmMo {R>H$mUr Ah§H$mamMm
boehr AgV Zmhr. Xodmbm Ah§H$mamMo dmdS>o. _rnU H$moUmgrM Z gmhoŸ&
ho ^Jd§Vr H¡$go {Z gmhoŸ& åhUmo{Z _rnU gm§Sy>{Z amhoŸ& Vmo{M g_mYm{ZŸ&&
(Xm. 7-7-50) B©œañ`mß`{^_mZÛo{fËdmÔ¡Ý`{à`ËdmƒŸ&& (Zm. ^m. gy. 27)
Xod gmo`am XrZm§MmŸ& hm XrZ _Zwî` gd© ñdm{_Ëd XodmH$S>o XoD$Z, Xodmnm`r
Z_« hmoD$Z, gd© XodmMoM åhUyZ amhVmo. XodmMrhr H¥$nmÑï>r Ë`mModa hmoVo.
Ë`m§Mm ^ma dmho _mWmŸ& H$ar `moJjo_ qMVmŸ&& hm XrZ ^ŠV åhUOoM
AZÝ` ^ŠV. AmB©gmR>r AmB© hr Oer ~mbH$mMr d¥Îmr AgVo, VerM
XodmgmR>r Xod hr ào_mMr OmV AgVo.
`mda EH$ e§H$m CËnÝZ hmoUoOmoJr Amho. Xod Ogm XrZm§Mm H¡$dmar
VgmM Oo Ñï>, d¡ar, Ah§H$mar Aem H§$g, {haÊ`H$í`ny, amdU Am{X
Xwï>m§Mmhr H¡$dmar Amho. H$maU Ë`mZo øm Xwï>m§Mmhr CÕma Ho$bm Amho. _J
XrZ åhUyZ OJUonojm VmR>a d¥ÎmrZo OJUo H$m` dmB©Q> ? Am{U ^b{V`m OmVr
OÝ_md|Ÿ& _J ^{OO| H$m {damoYmd|Ÿ& nar ^ŠV H$m§ d¡[a`m ìhmd|Ÿ& _m{P`m{MŸ&
(km. 9-472) _J XrZ ^ŠVM XodmMm bmS>H$m H$gm ? `mMm ZrQ> {dMma Ho$bm
nm{hOo.
(1) eodQ> JmoS> Pmbm H$s, Vr Jmoï> ~ar, Ago AmnU ì`dhmamV
åhUVmo nU Á`m nÕVrZo Vr Jmoï> hmoVo, {VMm {dMma Ho$bm Va H$Sy>, JmoS>,
gag, {Zag hr {deofUo bmdmdrM bmJVmV. daÀ`m dJm©V nmg hmoUo d
à_moQ> hmoUo. IS>r \$moS>Ê`mMm hmVmoS>m XJS>mda nS>Ê`mEodOr n[agmda
nS>ë`m_wio Ë`mMo Ogo gmoZo ìhmdo, Vgo {damoYr ^ŠVmMm {damoY na_mËå`merM
Pmbm åhUyZ Ë`mbm ^ŠVr ho Zmd àmßV Pmbo. dmñV{dH$ Vr ^ŠVr ZìhoM,
^ŠVrMr ì`m»`mM _wir gmËd@pñ_Z na_m ào_ê$nmŸ&& Aer Amho Am{U
{damoYr ^ŠVrV Va no«_mMm nyU© A^md.
(2) {damoYr ^ŠVm§Mr Or CXmhaUo AmhoV Vr gd© em{nV
^ŠVm§Mr. emnm_wio Ë`m§Zm {Xì`mVyZ Omdo bmJbo EdT>oM.
(3) {damoYr ^ŠVr hr ^Jd§V AdVmaê$nmZo ^ybmoH$s dmdaV
AgVmZmM eŠ` Amho. XodmMr gmoÝ`m Mm§XrMr ^m§S>r AJa IwÔ gmoÝ`m-Mm§XrMo
Xod bwQy>Z Amåhr {damoYr ^ŠVr Ho$br Ago H$moUr åhUob Va Vo nmnmMaU.
Vr ^ŠVr ZgyZ nmnmMr ^aVr. åhUyZ XrZm§Mr ^ŠVr hrM loð>. åhUyZ OZm
qH$dm _Zm ! lram_ hm XrZm§Mm ZmW d XmgmMr Cnojm Z H$aUmam Amho hçm
Jmoï>r gË` _mZ. Zo_ñV `mMm AW© AndmXa{hV gË`. Xod ^ŠVm§Mm H$¡dmarŸ&
Xod n{VVm§{g VmarŸ& Xod hmo` gmhH$marŸ& AZmWm§MmŸ&& Xod AZmWm§Mm H¡$njrŸ&
66 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 67

ZmZm g§H$Q>mnmgyZ ajrŸ& Ym{dÝZbm A§VagmjrŸ& JO|ÐmH$maU§oŸ&& (Xm. 4-8-26,
27)
nXr amKdmM| gXm ~«rX JmOoŸ&
~i| ^ŠVarny{eat H$m§{~ dmOoŸ&
nwar dm{hbr gd© OoU| {d_mZt
Zwnojr H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZr Ÿ&&29Ÿ&&
lram_ hm XrZm§Mm H¡$dmar Amho, A{^_mZr Amho, Vmo ^ŠVmMr
H$YrM Cnojm H$arV Zmhr, ho AndmXa{hV gË` Amho. Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV
gm§{JVbo. Ë`mM am_mMo ^ŠV ajUmMo ~«rX H$em àH$maMo AgVo d ^ŠV[any§Zm Vmo
emgZ H$go H$[aVmo `mMo dU©Z h`m ûcmoH$mV Amho.
lram_mMo nm`mV VmoS>a AgVmV. Ë`mMm ê$_Py_ Agm AmdmO hmoVmo.
hm AmdmOM ^ŠVajUmMo ~«rX Xe©{dVmo. ~«rX åhUOo ~mUm qH$dm à{Vkm. ho
~«rX XmoZ àH$maMo (1) ~«rXmdbr nXr dgoŸ& {deof Xwgam ZgoŸ& {d~wY ~§Y
Vmo{S>boŸ& AZ§V Ord gmo{S>boŸ&& (ñ\w$. à.) ^ŠVm§Zm AmË_kmZ XoD$Z g§gma ~§YmVyZ
_wŠV H$aUo. (2) XwO©Zm§Mm Zme H$ê$Z g‚mZm§Mo ajU H$aUo d
Y_©ñWmnZm H$ê$Z OJmMr KS>r ~gdUo. n[aÌmUm` gmYyZm§Ÿ& H$m§{~ dmO|åhUOo
YZwî`mÀ`m H$m§~rMm Q>UËH$ma. am_m`UmV ^ŠVm§À`m eÌyÀ`m _ñVH$s
H$m§~r dmOdÊ`mMo àH$ma AJXr ~mbd`mnmgyZ lram_M§Ðm§Zr Ho$bo. à^yÀ`m
nXmbm Omo eaU OmVmo Ë`mMo ajU Pmbo Zmhr, Ago H$YrM KS>bo Zmhr.
Aer Ë`mÀ`m MaUmMr Wmoadr Amho. VmoS>amMm AmdmO ~«rXXe©H$ Amho.
^ŠVrào_ loð> H$s kmZ loð>, `mMm {dMma Ho$ë`mg AZÝ` ^ŠV hmoÊ`mVbr _m¡O
{ZJw©U kmZmV Zmhr, AgoM åhUmdo bmJVo. kmZ hmoÊ`mgmR>r ^ŠVr d kmZmoÎmahr
^ŠVrM. gm§S>rb gJwU^OZmgrŸ& Var Vmo kmVm nar AnogrŸ& åhUm¡{Z`m
gJwU^OZm§{gŸ& gm§Sy>{M Z`oŸ&& (Xm. 10-7-18)
kmZ Pmbo Var eara Amho Vmoda Im`bm - ß`m`bm bmJVo, H$nS>m
bmJVmo, XohmMo {dYr nmimdo bmJVmV. ho Oa Mmby amhVo Va am_mMo Xmg
åhUdyZ KoUoV bmO H$m dmQ>mdr ? Ë`mMo ^OZ H$m Q>mH$mdo ? kmZ {ddoH|$ {_Ï`m
Omb|Ÿ& na§Vw AdKoMr Zmhr Q>m{H$boŸ& Var ^OZo{M H$m` Ho$b|Ÿ& gm§J ~mnmŸ&&
(Xm. 6-7-18) AmnU Omon`©V _y{V©_§V _yV©ñdê$nmV dmdaV AmhmoV, Vmoda
gJwUmg gmoS>VmM `oV Zmhr XodmMo ñdê$n {ZJw©U Agë`m_wio {ZJw©UmMo kmZ
d AmnU _yV© Agë`m_wio gJwUm§Mo Ü`mZ `mVM Iar _m¡O Amho.
kmZr hm Xod hmoVmo d ^ŠV hm XodmMm hmoVmo. Xod hmoUo d XodmMm hmoUo
`mV XodmMo hmoÊ`mV OmñV bm{S>H$nUm Amho. ~mn hmoU| ~ao H$s ~mnmMm hmoUo ~ao.
~mnmMm hmoD$Z Oem Ë`mMo {Odmda CS>çm _maVm `oVmV Vem ~mnmMr O~m~Xmar
Amë`mda _maVm `oV ZmhrV. Xod hmoÊ`mV _moR>r O~m~Xmar Amho. Xod Pmbm
H$s Û§Ûmer Ioi Ioimdm bmJVmo. n[aÌmUm` gmYyZm_²Ÿ&& hr O~m~Xmar `oVo.
Xwï> - gwï> ^md bjmV KoD$Z dmJmdo bmJVo. Xod ^ŠVmbm Odi H$arV
AgVmo. VmZh§ {ÛfV: H«y$amZ² g§gmaofw ZamY_mZ²Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 16-19) _r, _mPm
AJa _mÂ`m ^ŠVm§Mm Ûof H$aUmè`m ZamY_m§Zm gwï>rVrb A_§Jb Aem
OÝ_m_Ü`o H$m`_Mm T>H$bVmo, Ago ^JdmZ åhUVmV. ^ŠVmbm Û§Ûo Xodmda
Q>mHy$Z ÛÛm§VrV ~ZVm `oVo. JwUXmof`m{V Z {dMmaVm H$m§hrŸ& R>md {Xbm nm`r
Amnwbr`mŸ&& Ago g_W© hmoVm `oVo. åhUyZ Xod hmoÊ`mnojm XodmMm hmoUo ~ao.
lrH¥$îU JmoHw$imV ^ŠVm§Mo ajUmgmR>r ñdV: Pw§Obo. Ë`m§Mo AmYmamda gmao
JmoHw$i-lrH¥$îU ^ŠV AmZ§XmV ZmMV hmoVo.
g¥îQ>rMo H$m`Xo XodmZoM Ho$ë`m_wio Vo Ë`mbm nmimdoM bmJVmV. ^ŠVmgmR>r
~mOyg gmamdo bmJVmV. {haÊ`H$í`nyZo KmVboë`m AQ>r Xodmg nmimì`m bmJë`m.
Zaqghê$n ¿`mdo bmJVo. àëhmXmMo ~m~VrV Z¡Z§ qN>XpÝV eóm{UŸ& hm M_ËH$ma
KS>dyZ AmUmdm bmJbm. A½Zr {eVb Pmbm, eñÌo ~moWQ> Pmbr, {df A_¥V
~Zbo. àëhmX _mÌ OUy H$mhr KS>boM Zmhr hçm WmQ>mV hmV OmoSy>Z C^mM. ~mn
XodmMr nyOm H$aVmZm H$S>H$ gmodio nmiVmo, BVamZmhr H$Q>mjmZo nmim`bm bmdVmo.
nU Ë`mMo nmoa H$nS>o KmbyZ XodmZm CbWo nmbWo H$arV AgVo Vo _mÌ Vmo H$m¡VwH$mZo
nmhVmo.
eÌy§Zm lram_mMr Aer XheV Agë`m_wio gmar A`moÜ`mZJar à^y
MaUm§er Z_« hmoVr. ñdV: am_ EH$dMZr, EH$~mUr, JwUdmZ, erbdmZ
d ~bmT>ç Agë`m_wio Iè`m AWm©Zo Ë`mZo am_amÁ` Ho$bo, OoWo H$m_H«$moYm{X
amjgm§Mm R>md Zmhr, gd© Y_©_`, ào__`, AmZ§X_` Aer A`moÜ`mZJar
WmQ>br. Amnë`m~amo~a gd© ZJarMmM CÕma Ho$bm.
^ŠVrMr gË`Vm nQ>UogmR>r, lÕm dmT>{dUogmR>r, g§e` Zï>
hmoUogmR>r, g_Wm©Zr am_am`m§MoM CXmhaU XoD$Z Ago åhQ>bo Amho. nwar
68 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 69

dmhrbr gd© OoUo {d_mZrŸ& Zwnojr H$Xm am_Xmgm{^_mZrŸ&&
g_Wm©{M`m godH$m dH«$ nmhoŸ&
Agm gd© ^y_§S>ir H$moU Amho ?Ÿ&
O`mMr {bbm d{U©Vr bmoH$ VrÝhrŸ&
Zwnojt H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZrŸ&&30Ÿ&&
^ŠVajU hr lram_mMr à{VkmM Agbo_wio ^ŠV eÌy§Zm Vmo Amnë`m
Am`wYmZo emgZ H$aVmo. Xmgm{^_mZr am_ ^ŠVm§Mr Cnojm H$arV Zmhr, Ago
_mJrb íbmoH$mV gm§{JVbo. Agm hm am_mMm Xamam Agë`m_wio Aem g_Wm©Mo
Xmñ`Ëd nËH$aUmè`m ^ŠVm§Zm øm {Ì^wdZmV Var H$moUr ^rVr XmI{dUmam Zmhr.
Ago øm ûcmoH$mV AmídmgZ {Xbo Amho. lram_mÀ`m XmgmH$S>o dmH$S>çm ZOaoZo
nmhUoMr VmH$X H$moUm_Ü`o AgUma? H$moUm_Ü`oM Zmhr H$maU Á`mMo Xmg
ìhm`Mo Vmo am_ gmYm _mbH$ Zmhr, OJmMm _mbH$ Amho. AmË_mam_ gH$im
nmirŸ& AmdKo ÌobmoŠ` gm§^mirŸ& V`m EHo$§{dU YwirŸ& hmo`
gd©Ìm§MrŸ&& (Xm. 16-10-24) lram_ OJmMm§ {Oìhmim Amho. g_Wm©Mo
bjU - {OVwHo$ H$m§hr CÎm_ JwUŸ& Vo g_Wm©Mo bjUŸ& (Xm. 19-4-
31) am_M§Ðà^y gd© JwUm§Mm gmR>m. CÎm_ nwÌ, CÎm_ n{V, CÎm_ ~§Yy,
CÎm_ amOm. gd©M CÎm_. Aem CÎm_moÎm_mMo Xmg hmoUo gmYo ^m½` Zìho.
Y_© - _mJ© M[aÌoU kmZ_mJ©M Zm_V:Ÿ& VWm Ü`mZoZ d¡am½`_¡íd`© ñdñ`
nyOZmV²Ÿ&& (lram_ ny. Vm. D$.) lram_ Amnë`m M[aÌmZo Y_© _mJm©Mr,
Zm_ñ_aUmZo kmZ _mJm©Mr, d Ü`mZmZo d¡am½`mMr, Am{U nyOZmZo Eoíd`m©Mr,
àmßVr H$ê$Z XoD$Z ^ŠVmMr gdmªJrU CÝZVr H$ê$Z XoVmV, Agm `m _§ÌmMm
AW© Amho. gH$i Ì¡bmoŠ` gm§^miUmam hm lram_ Ë`mMo ào_ ^ŠVmdaM H$m
? d BVamH$S>o Xwb©j H$m ? Ago àíZ, Aem e§H$m _ZmV `oVrb. Ë`mMo {R>H$mUr
{df_Vm ZgVo, Amåhm§bmM Ë`mMr JaO ^mgV Zmhr. Vmo gdm©ZmM H¥$nmiynUo
gm§^miVmo. gkmZ Pmbobm _wbJm ~mnmbm _mZ XoB©b, Ë`mMo gëë`mZo dmJob Va
~mn Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o ào_mZo bj XoVmo. ~mnmbm H$m` {dMmam`Mo ? Aem K_|S>Imoa
_wbmH$S>o ~mn Xwb©j H$aVmo åhUOo _w½Y amhVmo d H$Yr g§H$Q> g_`r Ë`mZo
{dMmabo Va ào_mZo g„m XoVmo. BVa `moZrnojm "kmZ' hm ^mJ {deof Agboë`m
ZaOÝ_mV B©ídam~Ôb AmXa ~miJyZ Omo Ë`mMr ^ŠVr H$aVmo, Ë`mbm Xod
~wÕr`moJ XoVmo, Á`m ~wÕr_wioM Vmo Xodmg_rn OmD$ eH$Vmo. Vofm§ gVV `wŠVmZm_²Ÿ&
(^. Jr. 10-10)
Aem lram_mMo loð>Ëd dU©Z H$aVmZm g_W© åhUVmV. e§H$amZo
eVH$moQ>r am_m`U VrZ bmoH$m§V dmQy>Z {Xë`m_wio am_mÀ`m {bbm§Mo dU©Z VrZ
bmoH$mV hmoV Amho.
EH$ Jmoï> Adí` bjmV Agmdr. Oamgo Zm_OnmMo gmYZ Pmbo
H$s AmnU _moR>o ^ŠV Pmbmo, Ago dmQy> bmJVo. nU am_mMm Xmghr gmonr Jmoï>
Zmhr. am_mMm Xmghr {VVH$mM g_W© Agmdm bmJVmo. EImÚm amOmMm Xmg
hmoUoMo Agob-Va Z_«Vm Agmdr, C_©Q> ^mfm gmoS>mdr, ñdÀN>Vm amImdr, _m¡Z
amImdo Aer nÏ`o nmimdr bmJVmV. _mbH$mÀ`m godoMm Ü`mg Yamdm bmJVmo.
_J VrÝhr bmoH$s Á`mMr H$sVu {ZZmXVo Ë`mMo Xmñ`Ëd nËH$am`Mo Agob Va
AZoH$ gX²JwU A§Jr ~mUmdo bmJVrb. g_W© am_mMm Xmg H$gm Agmdm `mMo dU©Z
g_WmªMo eãXmVM XoV Amho.
^ì` ê$n A{V gw§Xa XrjmŸ& am_Zm_ ñ_aUo H$[a {^jmŸ& d¥Îmr hmoB©b
CXm{gZ O|ìhmŸ& am_Xmg åhUUo _J VoìhmŸ&&1Ÿ&& ZmR>do YZ gwVmb` Om`mŸ&
_¥JOim n[a ^m{dV H$m`mŸ& nadYy OZZr g_ O|ìhmŸ& am_Xmg åhUUo _J
VoìhmŸ&&2Ÿ&& ewÕ ^ŠV harMr H$ar nyOmŸ& {díd nmho AmnUmg_ dmoOmŸ& em§Vr
nyU© ~adr Y[a O|ìhmŸ& am_Xmg åhUUo _J VoìhmŸ&&3Ÿ&& {ZË` Zo_ ~adm OJr
Á`mMmŸ& à{V{XZr harMo ^OZmMmŸ& Jwê$nXr aMZm Ago O|ìhmŸ& am_Xmg åhUUo
_J VoìhmŸ&&4Ÿ&& gd© bmoH$ ^OZm à{VbmdrŸ& bmbw{M Y{Z H$Xm{n ZgmdrŸ&
~mobUo g_ {H«$`m KS>o O|ìhmŸ& am_Xmg åhUUo _J VoìhmŸ&&5Ÿ&& H$ar H$Wm n[a
Z dm§pÀN>V H$m§hrŸ& {MÎmd¥Îmr AdKr har nm`rŸ& H$ënZm g_wi Vmo{S>b Ooìhm
am_Xmg åhUUo _J Voìhm Ÿ&&6Ÿ&& {d_bkmZ dXo OJr ñnï>Ÿ& ~«÷ {ZJ©wU H$io
OJr loð>Ÿ& gd© _mB©H$ Ago H$io OoìhmŸ& am_Xmg åhUUo _J VoìhmŸ&&7Ÿ&&
~mobUo à{M{VMo OJr _mÝ`oŸ& {ZdC§ Omo gH$im à{V OmUoŸ& dm§{N>Vr OZ g‚mZ
OoìhmŸ& am_Xmg åhUUo _J Voìhm Ÿ&&8Ÿ&& {ZíM`o H$ar am_ CnmgZmŸ& am_Zd_r
aKmoÎm_ nyOZmŸ& V¥ßV hmo{V {ÛO `mMH$ OoìhmŸ& am_Xmg åhUUo _J V|ìhmŸ&&9Ÿ&&
`ËZ gmYw{Z H$ar nwT>o nmR>Ÿ& AW© OmUw{Z dXo OJr ñnï>Ÿ& _m{Jbo COiUr
H$ar OoìhmŸ& am_Xmg åhUUo _J V|ìhmŸ&&10Ÿ&& BVHo$ JwU Á`mMo A§Jr AgVrb
Ë`mZoM am_Xmg åhUdyZ ¿`mdo Aem XmgmMr am_ H$YrM Cnojm H$aUma
Zmhr. g_W© lram_mMm ^ŠVhr Aem g_W© JwUm§Mm Agob Va am_ Ë`mMr
70 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 71

H$YrM Cnojm H$aUma Zmhr.
_hmg§H$Q>r gmo{S>bo Xod OoU|Ÿ&
àVmn| ~i| AmJim gd© JyU|Ÿ&
O`mV| ñ_ao e¡bOm eybnmUrŸ&
Zwnojr H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZrŸ&&31Ÿ&&
Á`m Á`m doir Xod - X¡Ë`mMo PJS>çmV Xodm§da g§H$Q>o Ambr Voìhm
AdVma YmaU H$ê$Z à^yZo Xodm§Mo ajU Ho$bo Amho. g_W©, am_mdVmar H$moUVo
Xod gmoS>{dbo `mMo dU©Z H$[aVmV. g_ra bmo{Q>Vmo IS>oŸ& dê$U Km{bVmo gS>oŸ&
_`§H$ gmD$br KarŸ& _irU nmdHy$ harŸ& {dYr {dYrg YmH$Vmo& gwa|Ð ~mJ
amIVmoŸ& H$amd`m{g {ZJ«hmoŸ& ^y_§S>im{g {dJ«hmoŸ& AI§S> MmH$ar H$arŸ& gXm
dê${M ^mXarŸ& gQ>r Ama§Yir XirŸ& JUoe JmT>do ~irŸ& ~hÿ H$R>rU H$mi
hmoŸ& (am_Xmg H${dVm) {Odmdarb Zìho, Xodmdarb g§H$Q>ohr Xya H$aUmam Agm
hm àVmnr am_ Amho. Ogm Vmo àVmnr Amho, VgmM Vmo {dpeï> JwUg§nÝZhr
Amho. lram_mMo {R>H$mUr EH$dQ>bobo gd© JwU, EH$mM ì`ŠVr_Ü`o {XgUo
Xw{_©i åhUyZ "AmJim gd© JyUo' Ago lram_mbm åhQ>bo Amho. à^y JwUJmZmZo
{MÎmmbm g_mYmZ {_iVo Vgo AÝ` H$moUË`mhr gmYZmZo Zmhr. am_mMo {deof
JwU.
(1) H$R>moa H$V©ì`{Zð>m :- ñdH$V©ì` MmoI H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr ~§Yy gwöX
`m§Zmhr H$V©ì`mMm CnXoe Ho$bm. BVHo$M H$m`, Jwê$g_mZ _mVm{nË`m§Zmhr
Ho$bm. EdT>oM Zìho Va gd©loð> Hw$bJwê$ lrd{gð> F$fr `m§Zmhr Ë`m§Zr
H$V©ì`mMr OmUrd H$ê$Z {Xbr. XeaWmZo am_mg EH$ amÌ Var amhm Agm,
dZdmgmg OmUonydu AmJ«h Y[abm. nU lram_M§Ð åhUVmV. ""AmkmnmbZmMo
Ñï>rZo AmO OmÊ`mV Omo bm^ Vmo CÚm OmÊ`mV Zmhr. {nVm ho _mPo X¡dV
Amho. Ë`mZo (H¡$H$`rbm) {Xboë`m dMZmg H$_rnUm `oUma Zmhr. `mM ~wÕrZo
_r hr H$R>moa Amkm nmbZ H$arV Amho. AmnU emoH$ AmdamV. AmnU
A`moÜ`oMo amOo AmhmV. AmnU bmoH$m§Mo gm§ËdZ H$aUma H$s ñdV: emoH$
H$aUma ?'' H$m¡gë`m_mVm nwÌ_mohmZo am_m~amo~a dZdmgmV {ZKUo~Ôb ~moby
bmJbr, Voìhm am_ åhUVmV, ""nËZrZo nVrMm Ë`mJ H$aUo C{MV Zmhr.
n{VgodoZoM nËZrbm CÎm_ JVr {_iVo. _J EH$doi Xodm§Zmhr Z_ñH$ma
H$aÊ`mg Vr {dgabr Var Mmbob.'' nVr{M`m _VmŸ& AZwgamoZr n{Vd«VmŸ&
AZm`mg| AmË_{hVmŸ& ^oQ>|{M VoŸ&& (km. 16-456) Jwê$Xod lrd{gð>m§Zr
dZdmgmnmgyZ {Zd¥Îm hmoUoMm CnXoe Ho$bm. Voìhm lram_ åhUmbo,
""AmB©~mnm§À`m CnH$mamMr \o$S> H$moUmbmhr H$aVm `oUma Zmhr. ho CnH$ma
ñ_ê$Z {nË`mMo dMZ _r ImoQ>o R>a{dUo AeŠ`.''
(2) ZoV¥Ëd d Agm_mÝ` dOZ :- {~^rfU eaU Amë`mda Ë`mbm
A^` XoD$Z b§Ho$Mo amÁ` ñdmYrZ Ho$bo. EH$Q>çm hZw_§VmMr hçm Jmoï>rbm
g§_Vr hmoVr. Á`m gwJ«rdmMo Ordmda b§Ho$Mr ñdmar `eñdr Pmbr, Vmohr hçm
Jmooï>rg AZwHy$b ZìhVm. hZw_§V ho Hw$eb hoa hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr gd© ^mdmV
{~^rfUmMr am_à^y§Zr Ho$bobr {ZdS> `mo½` Agm {Zdm©im ñdmZw^dmZo {Xbm.
(3) grVmË`mJ :- grVoÀ`m emoYmg am_ {ZKmbo Voìhm "grVoMr _m{hVr
Á`m H$moUmg Agob Ë`m§Zr Vr Z gm§{JVë`mg Ë`m§Mm _r dY H$arZ. _J Vmo
Xod, XmZd, J§Yd©, amjg H$moUrhr Agmo' Aer n«{Vkm H$aUmao lram_
grVmàmßVrZ§Va {Vbm A{½Z{Xì` H$amd`mg bmdVmV. hoVy EdT>mM H$s amÁ`mMr
g_«mkr VmdyZ gwbmIyZ {ZKmboë`m gmoÝ`mà_mUo n{dÌ Agmdr. øm {edm` _mJrb
íbmoH$mà_mUo CÎm_ JwU åhUyZ nwÌ, ~§Yw, ñZohr, amOm `m gd©M ZmË`mZo lram_
ho nwê$fmoÎm_ hmoVo, Ago ñnï> hmoVo. åhUyZ, g_W© åhUVmV ""àVmno ~io AmJim
gd© JyUoŸ&&''
gÎderb d Y_m©Zo dmJÊmmè`m ^ŠVmMo Om{UdoÀ`m ê$nmZo Am§Va,
d eÌyX_ZmZo ~mhçm Ago Am§V~m©hç ajU lram_ H$aVmV. nyU©d¡am½`embr
Vnñdr e§H$a d Ë`m§Mr Y_©nËZr, {h_amO H$Ý`m nmd©Vr XmoKohr ho ahñ`
OmUyZ lram_mMo ñ_aU H$aVmV.
A{hë`m {eim amKd| _wŠV Ho$brŸ&
nXt bmJVm§ {Xì` hmoD$Zr JobrŸ&
O`m d{U©Vm§ erUbr doX dmUrŸ&
Zwnojr H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZrŸ&&32Ÿ&&
am_ JwUdU©ZmgmR>r EH$m H$WoMm AmYma hçm ûcmoH$mV KoVbm Amho.
""A{hë`moÕma'' ho lram_M§Ðm§À`m nydm©`wî`mVrb àH$aU gwd©lwV Amho.
dmë_r{H$ am_m`UmV _wimV Agbobr H$Wm d g_mOmV A{hë`moÕma åhUyZ
72 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 73

àg¥V nmdbobr H$Wm `mV _hX§Va AmT>iVo.
(1) A{hë`m hr AnamYr hmoVr. n{VdofmZo `oUmè`m B§ÐmMr {Vbm
OmUrd hmoVr. B§ÐmZo {VMo nm{UJ«hUmW© n¥Ïdr àX{jUoV ^mJ KoVë`m_wio {VMo _ZmV
Ë`mMo~Ôb Hw$Vwhb hmoVo. B§ÐmMo ghdmgmZ§Va Vr Ë`mbm ñnï> gm§JVo, ""_mPo nVr
bdH$aM ñZmZ H$ê$Z `oVrb, Ë`mMo amofmVyZ ñdV:bm dmMrd.'' H$m ? dmpë_H$sZo
{Vbm Xw_©Vr Ago åhQ>bo Amho.
(2) A{hë`m XJS> Pmbr ZìhVr. XJS>mà_mUo OS> hmoD$Z nS>br hmoVr.
H$maU Jm¡V__wZtZr {Vbm ""Vy AÝZ{dZm Ho$di dm`y ^jU H$ê$Z H$moUmghr
Z {XgVm ^ñ_mV EH$ hOma df©o nSy>Z amherb'' Agm emn {Xbm hmoVm.
(3) lram_mÀ`m nXñnem©Zo Vr _wŠV Pmbr Ago _mZbo OmVo, nU
Vo Vgo eŠ` Amho ? {dídm{_Ìm~amo~a am_, bú_U {_{Wbm ZJarg OmV
AgVm, Jm¡V_ _wZtMm Amog nS>bobm Aml_ Ë`m§Zm {Xgbm. hm Aml_
H$moUmMm Ago Ë`m§Zr {dídm{_Ìm§Zm {dMmabo, Voìhm {dídm{_Ìm§Zr gd© h{H$H$V
Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVbr d Aml_ XmI{dUog AmV Zobo. H$moUmbmhr Z {XgUmar gmÜdr
A{hë`m am_à^y§À`m ZoÌm§Zm {Xgbr. dS>rb d EH$ F$frnËZr åhUyZ am_m§Zr
hmVmZo {VÀ`m nmD$bm§Zm ñne© Ho$bm. àË`j na_oídamÀ`m ñnem©Zo nmdZ
Pmë`m_wio {Xì` Xoh àmßV Pmbm - Vr emn _wŠV Pmbr. Z§Va XmoKm nVrnËZtZr
am_mMo ñdmJV Ho$bo Agm _yi dmpë_{H$ am_m`UmV H$Wm^mJ Amho. Amnë`mnojm
dS>rb d EH$m ~«m÷U F$frnËZrg lram_ nm` bmdVrb ho H$go eŠ` Amho ?
AkmZmZo qH$dm _mohmZo _Zwî`mMo hmVyZ AZw{MV H$_© KS>Uo
gmh{OH$ Amho. Xod AnamY KS>bm. åhUyZ amJdV Zmhr, Vmo VgmM Mmby
R>odbm Va amJdVmo. _Zwî`mbm níMmVmn hmoD$Z gÝ_mJm©bm bmJUoMo Ñï>rZo
Vmo Oa Ë`mbm eaU Jobm Va à^y eaUmJVmMm dmbr Amho. Ë`mMr ^ŠVr
H$aUo hmM gÝ_mJ©, Ë`mMo AmMaUmZo Vmo gmYy hmoVmo. A{nMoV² gwXwamMmamo ^OVo
_m_ZÝ`^mH²$Ÿ& (^. Jr. 9-30) `mbmJt XwîH¥$Vr Oèhr OmhmbmŸ& Var
AZyVmnVrWu ÝhmbmŸ& ÝhmC{Z _OAm§Vw AmbmŸ& gd©^mdoŸ&& Var AmVm§ n{dÌ
V`mMo{M Hw$iŸ& A{^OmË` V|{M {Z_©iŸ& OÝ_bò m \$iŸ& V`mgrM OmoS>boŸ&&
(km. 9-420, 421) lr^Jd§VmÀ`m h`m dmUrbm AZwgê$Z níMmVmnmZo
X½Y hmoD$Z hOma df©o IS>Va VníM`m© H$aUmè`m A{hë`obm nmnZm{eZr
n§MH$Ý`H$mV àW_ ñWmZ àmßV Pmbo. A{hë`oà_mUo {H$Ë`oH$m§Mm CÕma
Ho$ë`m_wio lram_m§Zm n{VVnmdZ åhUVmV. Aem à^yMo dU©Z H$aVmZm
doXmZm§gwÕm erU `mdm-doXdmUr Anwar nS>mdr, VoWo _mZd {H$Vr d H$m`
~mobUma ?
am_Ed na§ ~«÷ am_Ed na§Vn: am_Ed na§VÎd§ lram_mo ~«÷VmaH$_²Ÿ&&
Ago ho VmaH$ ~«÷ ^ŠVmMo A{^_mZr Agë`m_wio Ë`mMr Cnojm H$arV
Zmhr.
dgo _oê$_m§Xma ho g¥ï>rbrimŸ&
eer gy`© Vmam§JUo _oK_mimŸ&
{Ma§Ord Ho$bo OZt Xmg XmoÝhrŸ&
Zwnojr H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZr Ÿ&&33Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV A{hë`moÕma H$Wm gm§{JVbr `m ûcmoH$mV ^ŠV
H¡$dmar am_mZo Amnë`m XmoZ ^ŠVmZm {Ma§OrdnX {Xë`mMr H$Wm gm§JVmV.
na_oídamZo n¥ÏdrMr aMZm _moR>r gw§Xa Ho$br. _oê$, {h_mb` dJ¡ao
C§M C§M {eIao AgUmar nd©Vamer, M§Ðgy`© ho VoOmo_` JmobH$, MH$mH$Umao
Ag§»` Vmao, _oK_§S>b BË`mXr_wio g¥{ï>emo^m _Zmbm AmëhmX XoVo. ho à^mo {d^mo
AJmY {H$Vr Vd H$aUr hçm H$mì`mV H$drZo hçm g¥ï>rMo \$maM _Zmohmar dU©Z
Ho$bo Amho. Mm§Xdm Z^mMm Ho$bm Ÿ& a{dM§Ð bQ>H$Vr Ë`mbmŸ& OUw Pw§~a gw~H$
N>VmbmŸ& da A§Wabr hr YarUrŸ& Aer hr gw§Xa g¥ï>r EH$ {Xdg b`mbm
OmUmaM Aem `m g¥ï>rV am_M§Ðm§Zr hZw_mZ d {~^rfU ho Amnbo XmoZ ^ŠV
{Ma§Ord Ho$bo. lram_ {~^rfUmbm CÔoeyZ åhUVmV, ""`mdM§ÐíM gy`©ü
`md{Îmð>{V _o{XZrŸ& `mdÝ__H$Wm bmoHo$ VmdÐmÁ`§ H$amoË`gm¡Ÿ&&'' (AÜ`mË_
am_m`U.)
åhUo Jm {dam Ëdm§ nwar_m{O OmdoŸ& Y¥dmMo nar amÁ` gyIo H$amd|Ÿ&
eer gy`© Vmam§JUo A§VamirŸ& Agmdo gwIr ^mo{JOo gd©H$mirŸ&& (g_W©H¥$V
`wÕH$m§S> 11-51)
Cnojm H$Xm am_ê$nt AgoZmŸ&
{Odm§ _mZdm§ {ZíM`mo Vmo ~goZmŸ&
{eat ^ma dmhoZ ~mobo nwamUrŸ&
Zwnojr H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZrŸ&&34Ÿ&&
74 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 75

Odi Odi Xhm ûcmoH$m§Mm eodQ>Mm Omo MaU Zwnojr H$Xm am_
Xmgm{^_mZr øm nmbynXmMo d_© øm ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo Amho.
am_mMo {R>H$mUr Cnojm hm eãXM eãXH$mofmV gmnS>m`Mm Zmhr. Vmo
Ë`mMm ñd^mdM Zmhr naÝVw Oa H$m§hr CUrd Agob Va Vr ^º$mMo {Zð>oV
qH$dm lÕoV AgVo. am_ Amnbr Cnojm H$aUmaM Zmhr, Agm ÑT> {ZíM`
_mZdmZo Ho$bm Zmhr Va Ë`mbm H$m` åhUmdo ? bhmZ _yb AmB©H$S>o ImÊ`mg
_mJVo Voìhm {VÀ`mH$S>o H$mhr Amho H$s Zmhr hm {dMmahr Ë`m ~mbH$mMo _ZmV
`oV Zmhr Agm g§e`a{hV ^md ^º$mMo {R>H$mUr hdm. Vgm Vmo AgV Zmhr.
hrM ^º$sVbr CUrd Amho. XodmMo ^OZ ^rVrZo hmoVo, ào_mZo Zmhr. Vmo Amnbm
_m`~mn Ago dmQ>V Zmhr. Aer lÕm Zmhr. Ë`mbm XodmZo H$m` H$amdo ?
{ZíM`, {Zð>m, ^md, lÕm ho n`m©`dmMr eãX AmhoV. _Zwî`
åhQ>bm H$s Ë`mMr H$moR>o Zm H$moR>o lÕm Agm`bmM nm{hOo. lÕo{edm` OJVmM
`oV Zmhr. gÎdmZwê$nm gd©ñ` lÕm ^d{V ^maVŸ& lÕm_`mo@`§ nwê$fmo `mo
`ÀNy>Õ: g Ed g: Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 17-3) O¡go OrdZ{M CXH$ Ÿ& nar {dft hmo`
_maH$ Ÿ& H$m {_a`m_mOt VrI Ÿ& D$gr JmoS> Ÿ&& (km. 17-68) Eogo{Z hm gH$iw
Ÿ& OJS>§~ê$ {ZIiy Ÿ& lÕoMm{M Ho$diw Ÿ& dmoVbm Ago Ÿ&& (km. 17 - 72)
JwUmZwgma _Zwî` lÕodaM OJVmo. lÕo_Ü`ohr VrZ àH$ma AmT>iVmV.
gmpÎdH$, amOg d Vm_g. ZmpñVH$ _Zwî`mMr Vm_gr lÕm AgVo. g_WmªMm
^md hm H$s amOg d Vm_g lÕm _Zwî`mV Zm§XVo nU na_mWm©bm Cn`moJr
Aer gm{ÎdH$ lÕm OrdmV ZgVo åhUyZ Vo XodmnmgyZ XwamdVmV. Amnwbo
AmdKoqM Omd|Ÿ& nar Xodmgt g»` amhmd|Ÿ& Eogr àrVr Ord|^md| Ÿ& ^Jd§Vt
H$amdr Ÿ&& (Xm. 4-8 -9) ho gmpÎdH$ lÕoMo bjU Amho. Aer gmpÎdH$ lÕm
Va XyaM nU ì`dhmamV S>m°ŠQ>a, _moQ>ma S´>m`ìha dJ¡a§oda Or lÕm AmnU
R>odËmmo VodT>r ^Jd§Vmda R>odbr Var H$m_ ^mJob. na_mW© hm lÕo{edm`
gmYUmaM Zmhr. gX²Jwê$, emñÌ, Xod H$moR>o Var JmT> lÕm hdrM. `oH$ Jwê$
`oH$ Xod Ÿ& H$moR>o Var Agmdm ^md Ÿ& ^mdmW©ZñVm§ dmd Ÿ& gd©H$mht Ÿ&& (Xm.
10-7-15) na_mWm©V lÕm ho ^m§S>db g_Obo OmVo. Z gm§S>r ao ^mdmo Q>mH$s
ao g§Xohmo Ÿ& am_H¥$îUr Q>mhmo {ZË` \$moS>t Ÿ&& (km. h. nm. 24) gË` nXmWm©da
{ZVm§V ào_ qH$dm JmT> {Zð>m ho nma_m{W©H$ lÕoMo à_wI bjU. Vr Agob
VaM kmZ d em§Vr, ZmhrVa AY:nVZ hmoVo. lÕmdm±„^Vo kmZ§ VËna:
g§`Vo{Ч`:Ÿ& kmZ§ bãÜdm nam§ em§{V_{MaoUm{YJÀN>{V Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 4-39)
kmZoída åhUVmV, ""AmË_ gwImMr MQ>H$ bmJë`m_wio Omo gd© {df`m§Zm {dQ>Vmo,
Á`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr B§{Ð`mMm ~S>oOmd ZgVmo, Omo H$emMrM BÀN>m _ZmV `oD$ XoV
Zmhr, Omo H$_m©Mo H$V¥©Ëd AmnUmH$S>o KoV Zmhr, lÕoÀ`m Cn^moJmZo Omo gwIr
Pmbobm AgVmo, Aem _mUgmH$S>o - emoY KoV KoV kmZ AmnUhÿZ `oVo. Ë`m kmZmV
{Z^©oi em§Vr AgVo''. V`mV|{M {Jd{gV Ÿ& ho kmZ nmdo {ZpíMV Ÿ&& (km. 4-
189) nU Oa øm kmZmMr AmdS> Zgob, AlÕm Agob Va AkíMmlÕmZíM
g§e`mË_m {dZí`{VŸ&& AkmZr, AlÕ d g§e{`V `m§Mo AY:nVZ R>abobo
AgVo. Ë`mVë`m Ë`mV g§e{`VmMo \$ma hmb. g_W© åhUVmV, {Odm _mZdm
{ZíM`mo - _mUgm§Mm _mUgmda H$Yr {dídmg Zgob, nU emñÌ nwamUm§Var
Agboë`m ^JdV² dmUrda Var {dídmg R>odm. ^Jd§V åhUVmV, ""{ear ^ma
dmhoZ, ~mobo nwamUr Ÿ&&'' ^º$ AZÝ` hmoD$Z _OH$S>o Ambm Va Ë`mMm gd©^ma
_r {eamda KoB©Z nm§S>dm{XH$m§Mm gd© ^ma dm{hbm Amho. ZmWm§Mo Kar nmUr dm{hbo
Amho. H${~amMo eobo {dUbo AmhoV. EdT>oM Zìho Va OZmB©Mr YwVbr bwJS>r
M§Ð^mJoÀ`m Vtar && h„rÀ`m {MH$sËgH$ ~wÕrbm nwamUm§VarMo XmIbo nQ>V ZgVrb
Va {VZo àñWmZÌ`rV A§V^m©d Agboë`m ^JdX²dmUrda {dídmg R>odmdm. JrVoV
AmnU ^º$ H¡$dmar H$go AmhmoV ho AZoH$ dMZo XoD$Z ^Jd§VmZr gm§{JVbo Amho.
(1) Vofm§ {ZË`m{^`wº$m§Zm `moJjo_§ dhmå`h_² Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 9-22)
(2) XXm{_ ~w{Õ`moJ§ V§ `oZ _m_wn`m§{V Vo Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 10-10)
(3) Vofm§_h§ g_wÕVm© _¥Ë`yg§gmagmJamV² Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 12-7)
(4) Ah§ Ëdm§ gd©nmnoä`mo _mojm{`î`m{_ _m ewM: Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 18-66)
(5) _ËàgmXmXdmßZmo{V emídV§ nX_ì``_² Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 18-56)
hr Pmbr ^Jd§VmMr dMZo. àË`j am_à^yMo dMZ nmhm. am_m`UmV Vo
åhUVmV, ""g§H¥$Xod ànÞm` Vdmñ_r{V `mMVo Ÿ& A^`§ gd© ^yVoä`moXXmå`_oVV²
d«V§ __ Ÿ&&'' Omo EH$XmM `oD$Z _r AmnbmM Amho Ago åhUob Ë`mbm A^`
àXmZ H$aUo ho _mPo d«V Amho. (`w. H$m. g. 18) BVHo$M Zìho Va g_W©
åhUVmV, ""X`miynUo Xod amOm{YamOo & {ear dm{hOo gd©hr ^º$ AmoPo Ÿ& OZr
Xmg XoImo{Z`m X¡Ý`dmUm Ÿ& _Zm_m{O dmogmdVmo XodamUm Ÿ&&'' _mÂ`mgmaIm
76 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 77

^º$mMm gd© ^ma [ear dmhUmam nm{R>amIm AgVm§Zm ^ŠVmZo X¡Ý`dmUo
hmoD$Z H$m {\$amdo, ~odmaí`mgmaIo qhS>mdo, `mMm Xodmbm {dfmX dmQ>Vmo.
na_oída Amnbo ~«rX H$Yrhr gmoS>Uma Zmhr, Xmof gd©Wm OrdmH$S>o
AgVmo. Ë`mMr lÕm ÑT> ZgVo.
Ago hmo O`m A§Var ^md O¡gm Ÿ&
dgo hmo V`m A§Var Xod V¡gm Ÿ&
AZÝ`mg ajrVgo MmnnmUr Ÿ&
Zwnojr H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZr Ÿ&&35Ÿ&&
lram_ ^º$mMr H$YrM Cnojm H$arV ZmhrV. ^º$mÀ`m {R>H$mUrM ÑT>
^mdZm ZgVo Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVë`mZ§Va ÑT> ^mdZm R>odUmè`m§Zm
Ogm ^md Vgm Xod hmoVmo. ho `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
`m ûcmoH$mV ^º$s _mJm©Vrb EH$ {gÕm§V gm§{JVbm Amho. `o `Wm
_m§ ànÚ§Vo Vm§ñVW¡d ^Omå`h§ Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 4-11) ^md Vgm Xod. JrVoVrb `m
ûcmoH$mdê$ZM g_W© åhUVmV, ""O`m AÝVar ^md hmoB©b O¡gm Ÿ& V`mbm{J Vmo
Xod nmdob V¡gm Ÿ& _Zr ^mdZm ^º$ bmoH$m{g O¡gr Ÿ& V`m gm[aIr Xod am`m{g
V¡gr Ÿ&&'' _m`m nVrMo ñdê$n, Oer AmnU H$ënZm H$ê$ Vgo Amho. na_
nwê$fmMo dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n {ZamH$ma, {ZJ©wU Agë`m_wio Vo H$ënZm H$aVm
`oUma Zmhr Ago H$ënZmVrV d AqMË` Amho. ~rOJ{UVmV CÎma emoYÊ`mgmR>r
A-~-H$ Mm AmYma ¿`mdm bmJVmo, Vgo ^º$s_mJm©V na_- nwê$fmMo ñdê$n
àW_ H$ënmdo bmJVo. J{UVmV AmYma^yV KoVbobo Aja ho Ogo 52 _mV¥H$m
~mhoaMo Agy eH$V Zmhr. Vgo na_oída ê$nmMr Or Or H$ënZm AmnU H$ê$ Vr
gd© ì`mnH$ d gH$b gÎmmYremÀ`m gÎmoÀ`m ~mhoaMr AgyM eH$V Zmhr. Ë`mÀ`m
gÎmoVM Amnbo _Z, Amnbr H$ënZm Amho. åhUyZ Oo ñdê$n AmnU H$ëny Vgm
Vmo hmoUoMr Ë`mMr gÎmm Amho. nU _ZmV `oB©b Vr H$ënZm H$aÊ`mnojm H$mhr
AmYma^yV H$ënZm H$aUo Ho$ìhmhr CÎm_. ^md nm{hOoM nU Vmo {ddoH$nyU© Agmdm.
{ddoHo$drU Omo ^md Vmo ^md{M A^md Ÿ&& (Xm. 18-8-16) _¥JOi qH$dm
AmH$me Zr{b_m `m§Mr ÑT> ^mdZm Ho$br Var Ë`mMm gmjmËH$ma hmoUma Zmhr.
åhUyZ AdVma ê$nmMr H$ënZm gmYH$ ÑT> Yê$Z R>odVmV.
earadmZmg XodmÀ`m Aearar ê$nmMo AdbmoH$Z \$ma H$R>rU nS>Vo.
Šboemo@{YH$VañVofm_ì`ŠVmgŠVMoVgm_² Ÿ& Aì`º$m{h J{VX©wI§
XohdX²{^admß`Vo Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 12-5) XohYmè`m§Zm Aì`º$ ~«÷mÀ`m àmárMm
_mJ© H$ï>mZo gmÜ` hmoVmo. gJwUmMo{Z AmYmao, {ZJw©U nm{dOo {ZYm©ao Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-
6-55) Agm g_WmªMm X§S>H$ Amho.
`mgmR>r _Z VmËH$mb pñWa hmoB©b d ào_ ^º$sZo Á`mMo {Za§Va ñ_aU
H$aVm `oB©b Ago Ë`m ^Jd§VmMo em_gw§Xa, gwhmñ`dXZ ñdê$n, VoOmo_` Aem
öX` JwhoV nmhÊ`mMm Aä`mg H$amdm. _J Vo ñdê$n am_, H¥$îU, e§H$a, {dîUw
B. H$moUmMohr Agmo. _yVuMo ê$n àW_ M_©MjyV ^ê$Z KoD$Z Vo ÑT> H$amdo. Z§Va
_ZmMo Ñï>rZoM Vo öX` àXoemV nmhmdo d Ë`mda {ZVm§V ào_ H$amdo.
ê$nmg§~§Yr Xod Ogm ^mdZobm à{VgmX XoD$Z ^mdZoà_mUo ê$ndmZ
~ZVmo. VgoM ^mdZoZo Oo ZmVo AmnU Ë`mÀ`mer OmoS>mdo Vgo g»` Vmo R>odVmo. ZmVar
H$S>o`mVidQ>tŸ& O¡gm Amnwbm{M ~mobw {H$aQ>rŸ& n{S>gmXy hmoD${Z CR>rŸ&
{Z{_Îm`moJ|Ÿ&& V¡gm g_ñVm§ `m ^OZm§ Ÿ&& _r gm{j^yVw n¡ AOw©Zm Ÿ& EW à{V\$io
^mdZmŸ& Amnwbmbr Ÿ&& (km. 4-75,76) Agm ^mdZoMm àVmn Amho. Vwåhr Ë`mbm
{nVm åhUm H$s Vmo {nVm hmoVmo. _mVm åhUm _mVm hmoVmo, ~§Yy hmoVmo, {_Ì hmoVmo,
_mbH$ hmoVmo, _yb hmoVmo, Oo åhUmb Vo hmoVmo, Ë`§mMo {R>H$mUr bhmZ Wmoa Jar~
lr_§V hm ^oX Zmhr, Vwåhr Ë`mbm H$m` An©U H$aVm hohr Vmo nmhmV Zmhr. Vmo
\$º$ ào_mMm ^wHo$bm Amho. n¡ ^{º$ EH$s _r OmU|Ÿ& VoW§ gmZ| Wmoa Z åhU|&
Amåhr ^mdmMo nmhwUo & ^bVo`m && `oa nÌ nwîn \$iŸ& V| ^Omd`m {_g
Ho$di Ÿ& dm§My{Z Am_wMm bmJ {Zî\$i Ÿ& ^{º$VËd Ÿ&& (km. 9-395-96) hr
XodmMr AmdS> bjmV KoD$Z AZoH$m§Zr Ë`mÀ`mer g»` Ho$bo. {Za[Zamir ZmVr
OmoS>br d Amnbm D$Õma H$ê$Z KoVbm. AOw©Z CÕdm{XH$m§Zr Ë`mbm {_Ì _mZbo,
Ðm¡nXr Ë`mbm ~§Yw _mZrV hmoVr. Jdù`m§Mm Vmo IoiJS>r hmoVm. XodH$sMm nwÌ
hmoVm. Agm hm ~hþê$nr, ~hþa§Jr OJmMm _mbH$ gd© ñdV§Ì AgyZhr ^º$ào_mV
AS>H$Vmo. H$moaS>çm H$mð>m§Mo nrR> H$ê$Z Q>mH$Umam ^«_a, bwgbwerV nwîn H${bHo$V
AS>Hy$Z nS>mdm Aer hr ^{º$ào_mMr Am¡a OmV Amho. g_W© åhUVmV, ""gXm
gd©Xm Xod Xmgm{^_mZr Ÿ& H¥$nm ^m{H$Vm erK« nmdo {ZXmZr Ÿ& V`m A§Var Wmoa
bhmZ ZmhrŸ& nar nm[hOo ÑT> ^mdmW© H$m§hrŸ&&''
78 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 79

^mdmà_mU| Xod hmoVmo. nU hm ^md AZÝ` hdm. ho Ë`mVrb d_©
hmo`. AZÝ`Ëd åhUOo EH$Ëd. VmoM EH$ gd©. _r ZmhrM. _Zmbm Aer e§H$m
`oUo gmh{OH$ H$s H$V©w_H$Vw©_² eº$s AgUmam g¥ï>rMm _mbH$ Ho$dT>m d _r
Zída Ag_W©Ord Ho$dT>m ! XmoKm§V O_rZ Añ_mZmMo A§VaŸ ! _J XmoKm§Mo EH$Ëd
H$go gmYmdo ? nwéf Am{U àH¥${V XmoKmV O_rZ Añ_mZmMo A§Va Agbo
Varhr XmoKm§V AZÝ`Ëd Agy eH$Vo. gmå`Vm ZgVm AZÝ`Ëd H$emV AgVo ?
ào_mV AgVo. ho AZÝ` ào_ AZw^dmbm Ho$ìhm `oVo ? EH$m§VñWir, BÀN>mH$mir, d
AmZ§XmMo doir, VoWo {df_Vm nma Zmhrer hmoVo. nU ho hmoVo H$emMo Omoamda ?
nwê$f BÀN>o_Ü`o àH¥$Vr Ÿ& àH¥${V_Ü`o nwê$fì`º$s Ÿ&& (Xm. 16-7-40) Ho$di
BÀN>oÀ`m Omoamda BÀN>oV AZÝ`Vm AgVo åhUyZ. n{VnËZrMr AZÝ`Vm
BÀN>oda Adb§~yZ, nU OrdZ na_mËå`mMr AZÝ`Vm ghO Amho. AkmZm_wio Vr
H$iV Zmhr. ^º$s hr kmZmMr _mCbr Agbo_wio Vr OgOer Vrd«, CËH$Q>
hmoB©b, VgVer hr AZÝ`Vm AZw^dmg `oVo. Aem AZÝ` ^º$mMo ajU YZwYm©ar
am_ gd© àH$mao H$aVmo. am_ ^mdmMm ^wH$obm Amho. Ë`mMr ^yH$ ào_mMo Z¡doÚmZo
e_Vo. Vmo Z¡doÚ An©U H$aUo ho ^º$mMo H$m_ O¡g| O`mM| ^OZ Ÿ& V¡gm{M Xod
hr AmnU Ÿ& åhUm¡Z h| AmdK| OmUŸ& AmnUm{M nmgt Ÿ&& (Xm. 4-8-14)
gXm gd©Xm Xod gÞrY Amho Ÿ&
H¥$nmiynUo Aën Ym[aï> nmho Ÿ&
gwImZ§X - AmZ§X - H¡$dë` - XmZr Ÿ&
Zwnojr H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZr Ÿ&&36Ÿ&&
Ogm ^md Vgm Xod hmoD$Z AZÝ` ^º$rMo ajU am_à^y H$aVmo
Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo. nU AZÝ`mMo ajU H$aUmam Xod Amho Var
H$moR>o ? Ë`mMr ^oQ> ¿`m`Mr Pmë`mg H$moR>o ¿`mdr, åhUOo gmjmËH$mamMo ñWmZ
H$moUVo ho `m ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo Amho. Zwnojr H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZr Ÿ& øm
ûcmoH$_m{bHo$Z§Va _Zm g‚mZm amKdr dñVr H$sOo hr ûcmoH$_m{bH$m gwê$ hmoVo.
amKdr dñVr H$aUoMo Pmë`mg, Ë`mMo {ZpíMV ñWmZ H$ibo nm{hOo, nÎmm
nm{hOo, `m Ñï>rZo hm ûcmoH$ d nwT>rb ûcmoH$ _hÎdmMm Amho.
Xod AI§S> AJXr Odi Amho. _r åhUyZ Vy OoWo N>mVrbm hmV
bmdVmog VoWoM öX`H$memV Xod Amho. nU Ë`mbm nmhÊ`mV Amnbr ^yb
hmoVo, Ë`m_wio Vmo Odi AgyZhr gmnS>V Zmhr. _Zwî` Ë`mbm Xohm~mhoaM
Yw§S>V amhVmo. g_W© åhUVmV,
~hÿ H$mi Jobm Xodmgr Yw§{S>Vm Ÿ& Xod nmhmo OmVm OdirM Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
OdirM Ago nmhVm Z {Xgo Ÿ& g{ÞY{M dgo am̧{Xg Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
am̧{Xg Xod ~mø Aä`§Var Ÿ& Ordm jU^ar {dg§~oZm Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
{dg§~oZm nar Ord ho ZoUVr Ÿ& OmVr AYmoJVr åhUmo{Z`m Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
Ë`mZo ñdV: Amnbm nÎmm JrVoV {Xbm Amho. Vmohr H$moUr nmhmV Zmhr.
H$moUmbm H$moR>o eaU Omdo ho gm§JVmZm B©ída: gd© ^yVmZm§ öÔoeoOw©Z {Vð>{V Ÿ&
V_od§ eaU§ JÀN> Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 18-61-62) gd© ^yVm§Mm§ A§Var Ÿ& öX_hmA§~ar
Ÿ& {MX²d¥ÎmrMm§ ghñÌH$at Ÿ& CX`mbm Ago Omo Ÿ& Agmo ê$nH$ ho Vmo B©ídê$ Ÿ&
gH$b ^yVm§Mm Ah§H$mê$ Ÿ& nm§Kamo{Z {Za§Vê$ Ÿ& CëhmgV Ago Ÿ&& (km. 18-
1299, 1302) gd© ^yVm§À`m Ah§H$mamMo nm§Kê$U KoD$Z amhVmo. hm H$moR>o
Zmhr Ago Zmhr. gd© {R>H$mUr gd© ^yVmV hm Amho. nU Ë`mMr àË`j ^oQ>
_mZdr öX`mVM hmoVo. AÝ` H$moR>ohr Zmhr åhUyZ ZaXoh loîR>.
O{_ZrV JmS>bm Jobobm Om|Yim, _wimV, nmZmV, ImoS>mV qH$dm \w$bmV
{XgV Zmhr. H$UgmV _mÌ {Xgob. ImoS> nmZ \w$bmV Vmo Zmhr åhUyZM
H$UgmV {XgVmo. Ago H$m Amho ? BVa {R>H$mUrhr Vmo Amho nU Aì`º$. H$UgmV
_mÌ ì`º$. gmjmV {XgVmo. g_W© åhUVmV, ""_m`md„r \$m§nmdbr Ÿ& ZmZm Xoho\$it
bJS>br Ÿ& _witMr OmUrd H$im| Ambr Ÿ& \$im_Y| Ÿ&&'' (Xm. 19-5-15)
Om|Yù`mMr OmUrd H$UgmV nQ>Vo. VgoM AmnU _yiMo kmZ ñdê$n Amhmo hr
AmoiI _mZdr \$imV åhUOo öX`mV hmoVo hrM XodmMr ^oQ>. ~«÷m§S>mV AmË_mam_mMr
gÎmm Amho. nU Ë`mMr ^oQ> _mZdr öX`mV hmoVo. Xod Odir A§Var åhUyZ g_W©
åhUVmV. Xod g{ÞY Amho.
AmUIr EH$ CXmhaU KoD$. ^maVmÀ`m n§VàYmZm§Mo dmñVì`
{X„rV EH$m ~§Jë`mV Amho. ^maV Ë`m§Mo gÎmoImbr. ^maVmVrb àOm
Ë`m§MrM A{YH$mar dJ© Ë`m§MmM. åhUOo gÎmê$nmZo dmñVì` ^maV^a d
àË`j earamZo {X„rV - ~§Jë`mV. gÎmmê$nmZo Vo ^maVmMo à{VnmbZ H$aVmV.
^maVr`mV gm_mÝ` gÎmm. A{YH$mar dJm©V Ë`m§Mr {deof gÎmm. A{YH$mè`m§Zm
AmnU Z_Z H$aVmo Vo øm {deof gÎmo_wioM. Ë`m§À`mer AmnU Z_«VoZo
dmJVmo. amdgmho~r Jobr H$s Z_Z ~§X. dmñV{dH$ Z_ñH$ma gÎmobm AgVmo,
80 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 81

_mUgmbm Zìho nU AmnU _mZVmo _mÌ _mUgmbm. hrM _m`m hrM ^yb.
darb CXmhaUmà_mUoM CnmgZoMo Amho. ^Jd§VmÀ`m AZoH$ {d^yVtZm
AdVmam§Zm Ho$bobo Z_Z, ho dmñV{dH$ Amho B©ídamÀ`m gÎmobm. nU AmnU
_mZVmo _mÌ AdVmam§Zm, Xodmbm. A{YH$mar dJ© hr Oer amOmMr gÎmm ñWmZo,
VgoM AZoH$ Xod. gd© - Xod Z_ñH$ma: Ho$ed§ à{VJÀN>{VŸ& _JmMmM
Ñï>mÝV nwT>o nmhÿ. amOmMr ^oQ> AmnU A{YH$mè`m_m\©$V KoVmo. Ë`mgmR>r AmnU
A{YH$mè`mer g§YmZ ~m§YVmo, Ë`mbm Iyf R>odUoMm à`ËZ H$aVmo. gd©ñdhr
An©U H$aUoMr AmnU V`mar H$aVmo. amOmMo ImobrV nmD$b nS>bo H$s
A{YH$mè`m§Mr gÎmm g§nbr. VgoM CnmgZoMo. AmnU A{YH$mar Aem Cnmñ`
XodVobm _mZVmo. Ë`mMr nyOm H$aVmo. nU Ë`mbm ~mhoaM R>odVmo. nm§Sw>a§J
n§T>arVM amhVmo d Xod Xoìhmè`mVM amhVmV. A{YH$mar Cnmñ` XodVoÀ`mÛmam
_w»` XodmMr ^oQ> hoM AmnU {dgaVmo. gJwUmMo{Z AmYma| Ÿ& {ZJ©wU nm{dOo
{ZYm©a| Ÿ& (Xm. 6-6-55) åhUyZ Cnmñ` XodVoÀ`m hmVmV hmV KmbyZ öX`
_§{XamV Kwgbo nm{hOo. Cnmñ` XodVoMr gÎmm _w»` Xoìhmè`mÀ`m C§~è`mn`ªV.
Vmo Amobm§S>bm H$s Cnmñ` XodVoMm hmV gwQ>Vmo. `oWo CnmgZm g§nVo. _hÎmÎd
_hX²^yV Ÿ& Vmo{M OmUmdm ^Jd§V Ÿ& CnmgZm ho g_má Ÿ& `oWyZ Ombr Ÿ&&
(Xm. 15-5-31) Ah§H$ma Cnmñ` XodVoV {dabm nm{hOo d XodVoMm Ah§H$ma Ah§
~«÷m@pñ_ `m _w»` AmË_amOmV {dabm nm{hOo. Cnmñ` XodVo_wio hm bm^.
åhUyZ AmË_mam_ Xe©Zmnydu d Z§Va ^OZ - ^º$sM amhVo.
^º$mH$Sy>Z hr CnmgZm hmoV AgVm, ^º$mMr {Zð>m {H$Vr, ho Vmo nmaIyZ
nmhVmo. AmnU Oa WmoS>o Y¡`© XmIdbo, WmoS>o H$ï> ghZ Ho$bo Va Vmo bJoM
(^mdmà_mUo) ì`º$hr hmoVmo. JmB© nwT>o Q>mH$UoMr ^rVr _mVm Amnë`m
~mbH$mg XmIdVo, Vmo {H$Vr YrQ> Amho ho nmhmVmo. àË`j hmVmVyZ gmo{S>V
Zmhr. Vgo Xod H¥$nmiynUo lÕoMr H$gmoQ>r nmhVo. A§V nmhV Zmhr. _mVoMo öX`
H$mo_bŸ& ZmoiImoZr ^`^rV ~miŸ& Vodr lram_ H¥$nmiŸ & ^º$ narjm Ama§^r
Ÿ&&1Ÿ&& g§H$Q>m _mJo g§H$Q>Ÿ& `oVm Y¡`© MmoIQ> & Var ^º$mgr XrK© H$mi dmQ>Ÿ&
nmhmUo ZbJo &&2Ÿ&& Eogm H¥$nmiy Xodm{YXod & nmho eaUmJVmMm ^mdŸ& nar hoVy
VÐjUr gd© & _mVonar _wir hmoZr &&3Ÿ&& _m`~mn am_am`& Á`mMo Xmg {ZË`
Jm` Ÿ& Vo{M Yar KÅ> nm` Ÿ& Am{b`mao Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
Ë`mÀ`m H$gmoQ>rbm CÎmabo H$s Vmo {Ma§VZ gwI, AmZ§X _moj XoVmo.
öX`ñW ^Jd§Vmbm ñ_ê$Z g§gmamda _mV H$aUoMo WmoS>o Y¡`© Oar XmI{dbo,
Var Vmo g§Vwï> hmoD$Z H¥$nm H$aVmo.
gXm MH«$dmH$mgr _mVªS> O¡gm Ÿ&
CS>r Km{bVmo g§H$Q>r ñdm_r V¡gm Ÿ&
har ^{º$Mm Kmd JmOo {ZemUt Ÿ&
Zwnojt H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZr Ÿ&&37Ÿ&&
hm øm JQ>mVrb eodQ>Mm ûcmoH$. Jobo Xhm ûcmoH$mV am_ ^º$mMr
H$YrM Cnojm H$aUma Zmhr ho doJdoJio XmIbo KoD$Z gm§{JVbo. _mJrb
ûcmoH$mV XodmMo öX`mVrb ñWmZ gm§JyZ ^º$m§Zm Vmo gwI, _moj XoVmo Ago
gm§{JVbo. øm ûcmoH$mV EH$ _m{_©H$ Ñï>mÝV XoD$Z Xod Ho$di _mojXmVmM ZgyZ
g§H$Q>H$mbr ^ŠVmbm gmhmæ`H$hr Amho Ago gm§JVmV.
MH«$dmH$ nú`mMo CXmhaU KoVbo Amho. MH«$dmH$ njr ho Zoh_r OmoS>rZo
Za - _mXr amhVmV. Vo AbJ Zm§XV ZmhrV. Z_©Xm H$mR>r \$ma nmhd`mg
gmnS>VmV. A§Yma nS>bm H$s Ë`m§Zm {XgV Zmhr, MwHy$Z Oa Ë`m§Mr VmQ>mVyQ> Pmbr
Va - ZXrÀ`m EH$m Vrambm Za d Xwgè`m Vrambm _mXr am{hbr Va amÌ^a
{dahmZo ì`mHy$i hmoVmV, Xw:Ir hmoVmV. nU gy`m©oX`m~amo~a Ñï>r Ambr H$s
EH$_oH$m§Zm ^oQ>VmV, Xw:I g§nVo. hrM AdñWm ^º$mMr hmoVo. ^º$mÀ`m
g§H$Q>H$mbr Xod YmdV `oD$Z Ë`mMr gwQ>H$m H$aVmo. ^º$ ào_i AgVmo, {ZîH$m_
AgVmo. H$m_ZogmR>r Xodmbm Vmo Ìmg XoV Zmhr. H$mhr doim àmaãYmZwgma Vmo
An[ahm`© g§H$Q>mV gmnS>Vmo, Ë`m_wio Ë`mbm XodmMm Ymdm H$amdm bmJVmo, Q>mhmoo
\$moS>mdm bmJVmo. {edam`mÀ`m ajUmW© H$sV©Z àg§Jr VwH$mo~m§Zr Q>mhmo \$moS>bm hmoVm.
Vo åhUVmV, ""nS>Vm OS> ^mar Ÿ& Xmgmo AmR>dmdm har Ÿ& _J Vmo hmoD$ ZoXr grU Ÿ&
AmS> Kmbr gwXe©Z Ÿ&&''
^º$mbm Agø hmoUmar g§H$Q>o XmoZ àH$maMr. àmn§{MH$ d
nma_m{W©H$ - àmn§{MH$ (1) ñdV:Mm H$mhr Xmof ZgVmZm hmoUmam Xwbm©¡{H$H$ -
g§^m{dVñ`Mm H$s{V©_©aUmX{V[aÀ`VoŸ& ""naZmarbm _mD$brg_mZ _mZUmè`m
VwH$mo~mda doí`mJ_ZmMm d doí`onmoQ>r J^© am{hë`mMm Amamon ìhmdm ho Ho$dT>o
XwX¡d ? XwîH$minr{S>Vm§Zm YmÝ` dmQ>bo åhUyZ g§V Xm_mOrbm AQ>H$ ìhmdr !
82 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 83

Xod _m_boXmam§Zm ñdV: Om_rZ amhÿZ J[a~m§Zm _XV Ho$br åhUyZ n¡go
Imëë`mÀ`m Amamonmbm Vm|S> Úmdo bmJmdo! Aem àg§Jr ^ŠVm§Zm _mZ{gH$
`mVZm hmoUo gmh{OH$M. H$~ra dU©Z H$aVmV. OmZ OmH$a BOV aho Vmo
OmZ OmZm _wîH$ h¡Ÿ& OmZ aho na BOV J`r Vmo OmZ ahZm nî_ h¡Ÿ&&
(2) Xwgao g§H$Q> åhUOo Xoh`mVZm. `moJ_mJm©Zo earamMo ^mZM
Zmhrgo H$aUmam `moJr {daimM. ^ŠV AZÝ` Agbm Var Ë`mbm XohXw:I
AmhoM. ~«÷^yV H$m`m hmoVgo H$sV©ZrŸ& Agm AZw^d AgUmè`m VwH$mo~mam`m§Mo
A§Jmda bmohJmdbm EH$m ~mB©Zo AmYUmMo nmUr AmoVbo Voìhm Vo åhUVmV.
""Oimo _mPr H$m`m bmJbm dmoUdmŸ& Ymdao Ho$edm _m`~mnmŸ& VwH$m åhUo _mPr
Vy hmogr OZZrŸ& Am{UH$ {Zdm©Ur H$moU amIoŸ&&'' Aer àmn§{MH$ g§H$Q>o
XodH¥$noZo Xya hmoVmV qH$dm g÷ hmoVmV. ^ŠVmbm Ag÷ nma_m{W©H$ Ago
H$moUVo g§H$Q> Agob Va Vo g§g¥VrMm \o$am. {H$Vr doim OÝ_m `mdoŸ& {ZË`
ìhmdo \$OrVŸ& Wmoa J^uMr `mVZmŸ& AmR>{dVm WaH$mn _ZmŸ& ^JÛmao OÝ_
OmUmŸ& na_ `mVZm OrdmgrŸ&&
`m _hmZ g§H$Q>mbm AZwgê$ZM g_W© MH«$dmH$mMm Ñï>mÝV XoVmV.
_ybV: Ord d [ed EH$M, nU AkmZ A§YH$mam_wio VwQ>r Pmbr. Ë`m_wio XmoKm§Zmhr
Xw:I àH¥$VrMo JwU A{bßV AmËå`mda nañna bmXbo OmVmV. Ooìhm gX²Jwê$ê$nmZo
XodH¥$nm hmoVo d kmZgy`© D$JdVmo, Voìhm Ord{edmMo EoŠ` hmoD$Z na_mZ§X
àmßV hmoVmo hoM gd© ^ŠVrMo _hmËå` Amho. hoM _hmËå` AmO gd© OJVmV
JO©V Amho. {Vgè`m MaUmMm AW© {ZñgmU ZmdmMo ZJmè`mgmaIo EH$ dmÚ
Amho. ÷m ZJmè`mda h[a^{ŠVê$n {Q>nê$ gmaIo dmOV Amho. Agm EH$ hmoVmo.
Aem dmÚmMo A^mdr h[a^ŠVrMo {ZemU gmaIo \$S>H$V Amho, Agmhr AW©
hmoB©b. XmoÝhrMo VmËn`© EH$M. g_W© åhUVmV, ""àJQ> am_mMo {ZemUŸ& AmË_mam_
kmZKZŸ& {díd§^a {dÚ_mZŸ& ^m½`|H$ioŸ&'' (Xm. 20-4-14) hm AmË_mam_
Xod^ŠVm§Mr g§H$Q>o Xya H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr qMVm qH$dm ^` haU H$aVmo d Ë`m§Zm
{ZOnX XoVmo. Agm S>§H$m g§Vg‚mZ gmaIm dmO{dV AmhoV. ^ŠVrMo {ZemU
gmaIo \$S>H$V Amho. ^ŠVrBVHo$ Xwgao loð> gmYZ Zmhr. g§H$Q> Amnbo {ZemU,
P|S>m nwT>o H$ê$Z PJS>Ê`mg `oB©b, Voìhm Z Km~aVm Ë`mda h[a^ŠVrMm Kmd
Kmbm Agm lr. AmR>ë`m§Mm AW© ~am dmQ>Vmo.
^ŠVr ho gwJ_ gmYZ Amho. `m gmYZmg {d¿Z Zmhr. AJXr S>moio
PmHy$Z Omdo. nS>Ê`mMr ^rVr Zmhr. Omo ^ŠVrn§WmZo Jobm Vmo H$Yr _mKmar
{\$abm Zmhr. Ë`mMr àJVrM hmoV OmVo. ^ŠVr ho ì`mnH$ ñdê$nmMo gmYZ
Amho. gH$im{g Amho `oWo A{YH$ma bhmZ Wmoa, Jar~ lr_§V, A§Y, n§Jy, eyÐ
H$moUmbmhr A{YH$ma Amho d gdmªZm \$b àmßVrhr EH$M. OmoH$m ^ŠVr n§W
OmVmoŸ& Ë`mVo lram_ ^oQ>VmoŸ& {ZOYm_mVo A§Jo ZoVmoŸ& H$ï> H$m§hr Z hmoVmŸ&
^ŠVm~Ôb ^Jd§Vm§Zr h_r KoVbr Amho. hr AÝ` H$moUË`mhr
gmYZmV Zmhr hoM ^ŠVrMo loð>Ëd. _r AdmßVgH$iH$m_Ÿ& nar ào_im bmJt
gXm gH$m_Ÿ& XoIVm§ ào_im§Mm ^md na_Ÿ& _r AmË_mam_ CS>r KmbtŸ& (Zm.
^m. 14-157)
^ŠVm§À`m ào_mgmR>r Omo CS>r KoVmo, Vmo ^ŠV g§H$Q>mV AgVm ñdñW H$gm
amhrb ? ^Jd§V åhUVmV, _bm ^ŠVm§Mo ào_ nm{hOo, ~mH$s H$m§hr ZH$mo. n¢
^ŠVr EH$s _r OmU|Ÿ& VoW gmZ| Wmoa Z åhUoŸ& Amåhr ^mdmMo nmhþUoŸ& ^bVo`mŸ&&
`oa nÌ nwîn \$iŸ& (km. 9-395-396)
VwH$mo~m enWnyd©H$ gm§JVmV. `m{dU Zmhr Am{UH$ gmYZŸ& dmhVgo
AmU {dR>mo~mMrŸ& ^ŠVmÀ`m g§H$Q>H$mbr CS>r KoUmam, ^ŠVmÀ`m ào_mMm ^wHo$bm
lram_ ^ŠVmMr Cnojm H$er H$aob ?
_Zm àmW©Zm VyObm EH$ AmhoŸ&
aKyamO WŠH$sV hmoD${Z nmhoŸ&
Adkm H$Xm hmo `XWu Z H$sOoŸ&
_Zm g‚mZm amKdt dpñV H$sOo Ÿ&&38Ÿ&&
Joë`m Xhm ûcmoH$mV à^y am_M§Ðm§Mo loð>Ëd d gm_Ï`© dU©Z Ho$bo.
g¥ï>rMm nmbH$, XrZm§Mm ZmW, Zìho Zìho, Xodm§Mmhr AmYma Agm hm lram_
Amnë`m AJXr Odi Amho. öX`ñW Amho. ^ŠVmMm Omo ^md Agob Vo ê$n
Vmo YmaU H$aVmo. g§H$Q>mV ^ŠV ajUmW© YmdVmo. ^ŠVmbm gwI, AmZ§X d
H¡$dë` XoVmo. ^ŠVmMr H$Yr Cnojm H$arV Zmhr. ho gd© Á`m ^ŠVr_wio hmoVo
Ë`m ^ŠVrMo ñdê$n øm ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo Amho.
~m _Zm, Vwbm _mPr hmV OmoSy>Z EH$ {dZ§Vr Amho H$s, amKdmMr
^ŠVr H$a, AI§S> ^ŠVr H$a. ~m _Zm, ^ŠVr Aer H$a H$s (1) aKwamOmZo
WŠH$ hmoD$Z Omdo. Oer hZw_§Vm§Zr am_am`mMr ^ŠVr Ho$br. Oer JmontZr
84 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 85

H¥$îUmMr ^ŠVr Ho$br. Aer ^ŠVr H$a. (2) VwÂ`m ^ŠVrZo AmíM`m©Zo WŠH$
H$ê$Z gmoS>Umao ^JdÝVmMo ñdê$n nmhÿZ Vy Ë`mV BVH$m a§JyZ Om, Jw§J hmoD$Z
Om, H$s, gd© àn§MmMmhr Vwbm {dga nS>mdm. Amí``©dV² ní`{VH$mpíMXoZ§Ÿ&&
EH$ A§Var {ZíMiŸ& Oo {Zhm{iVm§ Ho$diŸ& {dgabo gH$iŸ& g§gmaOmVŸ&& (km.
2-172) (3) H$m§hr bmoH$ W{H$V `mMm W{H$V hmoD$Z - X_yZ - l_yZ - WHy$Z
Agm AW© bmdVmV. {df`mMm nyU© H§$Q>mim `oD$Z, Ë`mMm erU dmQy>Z
am_mH$S>o nmhm, åhUOo naV {df`mH$S>o ~wÕr {\$aUma Zmhr, H$moUVmhr AW©
J¥hrV Yabm Var ^ŠVr CËH$Q>, Vrd« Agmdr hmM ^md.
ì`ŠVr {VVŠ`m àH¥$Vr `m_wio A_wH$ VèhoZo ^ŠVr H$amdr. Ago
gm§JVm `oUma Zmhr. åhUyZ Zd{dYm, ~hþ{dYm Ago ^ŠVrMo ñdê$n gm§{JVbo
Amho. Á`mMm Ogm A{YH$ma Vgm Ë`mbm {ZpíMV _mJ© XmI{dUo ho EH$
gX²Jwê$M OmUo. ^ŠVrMm Vmo gmam§eŸ& H$aUo ZbJo H$m`m ŠboeŸ& Amnbm hmoB©b
OJXreŸ& ^md Eogm YamdmŸ& ({d. gmJa) ^ŠVr H$¡gr åhUVm nmhrŸ& {XJ§Var
Vmo nXmW© ZmhrŸ& ^ŠVr XodmOrMo nm`rŸ& Ordo ^mdo AmdS>rŸ&&
~mbH$mMo _mVo~ÔbMo ào_ dU©Z H$aVm `oUma Zmhr. Ë`mMo ñdê$n
~mb ^mdmVM {XgUma. _yb aS>bo, Ioibo, ZmMbo Var Ë`mMo bú` _mVmM.
Aer XodmOrMr AmdS>r nm{hOo. ^ŠVr VrVoM åhUmdoŸ& B©ída àmUmnarg AmdS>o
ñd^mdoŸ& gH$m_ ^ŠVrV Ë`OmdoŸ& e§H$m H$m§hr Z YamdrŸ& Xodm{M`o MmS>o Amidmdo
Xodm& (VwH$mam_)
^ŠVr Ho$di XodmÀ`mM ào_mZo H$amdr hoM ào_ Xodmbm AmdS>Vo d
H$iVo. `mMm gwú_ n[aUm_Ÿ& gd© OmUo AmË_mam_Ÿ& bmoH$m{g Vo H$m` H$m_Ÿ&
gwIo qZXm gd©WmŸ&& bmoH$ H$m§hrhr åhUmoV. A§VñW ^JdmZ gd© OmUVmo. g_W©
åhUVmV, ""_Zr Yamd| Vo hmoV|Ÿ& {d¿Z AdKo§{M ZmgmoZ OmV|Ÿ& H¥$nm Ho${b`m§
aKwZmW|Ÿ& à{MVr `oVoŸ&& aKyZmW^OZ| kmZ Omb|Ÿ& aKyZmW^OZ| _hËd dmT>boŸ&
åhUm¡{Z`m§ Vwdm§ Ho$boŸ& nm{hOo AmYtŸ&& (Xm. 6-7-30,31) Xod V¥ßV Pmbm
nm{hOo. V¥ßV Pmë`m_wio Vmo CnMmamH$S>o nmhmV Zmhr. {H«$`oH$S>o nmhmV Zmhr,
^md nmhmVmo. A§V~m©÷ H«$s`m OmUmŸ& H¡$gm H$m Vr AgoZmŸ& {H«$`oH$S>o Vmo
nm{hZmŸ& Xod ^moŠVm ^mdmMmŸ&& ^ŠVr, ewÕ, ào__` Agmdr. ~m g‚mZ
_Zm, _mÂ`m {dZ§VrMm AZmXa H$ê$ ZH$mog.
`m CËH$Q> ào_mZo Vy aKwZmWmMo {R>H$mUr gVV dmñVì` H$a åhUOo
VwPo ào_ Ogo CËH$Q> Agmdo Vgo Vo AI§S> Agmdo. AmO Amho, CÚm Zmhr
Ago ZH$mo. ""dñVr H$sOo'' åhUOo AI§S> amKd ñdê$nr amhm. {ZanojVm Agob
VaM Aer dñVr hmoVo. gH$m_ ^ŠVr Anojm^§Jm_wio gwQ>Vo. ZXrMm AmoK
Ogm gVV g_wÐmH$S>o dmhmVmo Vgm VwPm {ZîH$m_ ào_mMm AmoK amKdmMo {R>H$mUr
AI§S> Agy Xo, Am_aU amhÿ Xo. àmUmMm dmda Á`mà_mUo H§$R>mV _aon`©V AI§S>
amhVmo, Ë`mà_mUo amKdmMo ñ_aU {MÎmmV _aon`©V gX¡d amhÿ Xo.
ho g‚mZm _Zm, ^ŠVr CËH$Q> {Zanoj Agmdr d AI§S> Agmdr.
_Z ho eÌy Amho Vgo Vo {_Ì Amho. Ë`mbm Jm|Omê$Z Mm§Jbr dmQ> XmIdbr
H$s Vo {_Ì hmoVo. Ë`mbm `mo½` N>§X bmdUo ho OrdmMo H$m_ Amho. ZmW åhUVmV,
""Eogr _Zmer H$[aVm _¡ÌrŸ& _Z na_ CnH$marŸ& OrdmV| Yê${Z {ZOH$arŸ&
ñdmZ§XgmJar ~wS>r XoŸ&& Eog| _¡{Ìgr _Z gmXaŸ& Odir AgVm {Za§VaŸ& Ë`mVo
dmog§Sy>{Z nm_aŸ& àmH¥$V Za {_Ì H$[aVrŸ&&'' (Zm. ^m. 23-747-750)
O`m d[U©Vr doX emñÌ| nwamU|Ÿ&
O`mMo {Z `moJ| g_mYmZ ~mU|Ÿ&
V`mbm{J h| gd© Mm§Më` XrOoŸ&
_Zm g‚mZm amKdt dpñV H$sOo Ÿ&&39Ÿ&&
~m _Zm, _mÂ`m {dZ§VrMm AZmXa Z H$aVm am_ñdê$nmV a__mU hmoD$Z
amhm, Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo Vo H$emgmR>r ? amKd ñdê$nmV amhUoMm
CÔoe H$m` d Ë`m_wio \$bàmßVr H$moUVr hmoVo, ho `oWo gm§{JVbo Amho d gd©
H$_©g_n©UmMm CnXoehr Amho.
doX, emñÌo§, nwamUo `m gdmªZr amKdmMo dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. Á`m§Zr
EH$mJ«{MÎmmZo amKd ñdê$nmV dñVr Ho$br, Ë`m§Zm Ë`m_wio g_m{YgwI bm^bo.
g_mYmZ àmßV Pmbo. _yÀN>}à_mUo Xohmbm H$mhr Z H$iUo d H$mð>dV² hmoD$Z nS>Uo
åhUOo g_mYr Zìho. g§Xoha{hV _Z hmoD$Z Ooìhm Vo AmË_ñdê$nmer VmXmËå`
nmdVo d gwIê$n hmoVo, Voìhm Ë`m pñWVrbm g_mYr åhUVmV. OoWo e_br
_ZmMr AmYrŸ& Vo OmUmdr "na_g_mYr'Ÿ& g_mYr KoUo Vo Xoh ~wÕrŸ& H$mð>
Vo {ÌewÕr _ypÀN>©Vàm`Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 2-438) Á`m _ZmMo g_mYmZmgmR>r gd©
OJmMr YS>nS> Vo g_mYmZ amKdê$nr hmoVo. _Zm, Vy nidmQ> H$mT>erb, H$s
amKdñdê$nr gwIem§Vr Agob ? nU _mPm ñd^md M§Mb Amho. Oo Oo
86 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 87

{XgVo qH$dm ^mgVo Ë`mV Vm|S> KmbUoMm _mPm ñd^md. Agm _r amKdñdê$nmV
pñWa H$gm Zm§XUma ? nU Wm§~ `mbmhr Cnm` AmhoV.
~m _Zm, Ë`m amKdmbmM VwPo H$m{`H$, _mZ{gH$, gd© Mm§Më` g_n©U
H$a, ho Mm§Më` An©U H$go H$am`Mo hoM H$iV Zmhr, hr AS>MU Amho. `m
AS>MUrVyZ _mJ© H$gm H$mT>mdm ho ^Jd§Vm§Zr JrVoV gm§{JVbo Amho.
_mZdr OrdZ _ZmMr àoaUm d VX²Zwgma H$_© `m XmoZ Jmoï>rda MmbVo,
EImÚm {df`mg§~§Yr àW_ ^mdZm qH$dm ào_ CÎnÝZ hmoVo. VX²Zwgma H$_© KS>Vo. `m
^mdZm gma»`m ~XbV AgVmV. AmO Oo hdo Vo CÚm ZH$mogo dmQ>Vo. Zm{dÝ`mH$S>o
_Z YmdV AgVo. hoM _ZmMo Mm§Më`. n«W_ ZmpñVH$ Agbobr ì`ŠVr Am`wî`mV
Ho$ìhmVar gmodio ZogyZ Jwê$M[aÌ nmam`U H$aVmZm AmT>iVo. àW_ Xod Xod H$aUmar
_mUgo, `mV H$m§hr AW© Zmhr Ago dmQy>Z gd© gmYZ gmoSy>Z ñdñW ~gVmV. Ago ho
_ZmMo Mm§Më` {XgyZ `oVo. Mm§Më` g_n©UmgmR>r ^Jd§Vm§Zr JrVoV ^md d H$_©
g_n©U {dYr gm§{JVbm Amho.
^mdg_n©U :- VwPo ~ao dmB©Q> gd© ^md, _bm AZwbjyZ H$a
_m§ {h nmW© ì`nm{lË`Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 9-32) øm íbmoH$mda ^mî` H$aVmZm
kmZmo~m åhUVmV. ""VwPm OÝ_ AY_ `moZr, X¡Ë` `moZr AJa CÀ` `moZr, H$moR>ohr
Agy Xo, Vwbm _r {hVH$Vm© dmQ>mo qH$dm eÌy dmQ>mo. Vy {dÚmhrZ XJS> Agbmg
AJa {dÛmZ Agbmg, VwPm ^md ~am Agy Xo AJa dmB©Q>, H$moUË`mhr ^mdZoZo
VwPo {MÎm _mPo {R>H$mUr nyU©nUo OSy>Z _Ðÿn Pmbo H$s _mJrb gd© AmMaU
ì`W© hmoVo. Vo§{M ^bVoUo ^md|Ÿ& _Z _OAm§Vw `oV| hmoAmd|Ÿ& Amb| Var
AmKd|Ÿ& _mJrb dmdmoŸ& (km. 9-457) J§Jobm {_ion`©V AmoT>o, Zmbo `m§Mo
ñdê$n nU EH$Xm J§Jobm {_imë`mZ§Va J§Jmê$n. AgmM ^Jd§VmMmhr _{h_m
Amho. Ed§ AO©wZm Omo _ObmŸ& H$moÊ`m {Z{_Îmo Oar ^ObmŸ& Vmo _mojmVo{M
nmdbmŸ& ghO _{h_m hm{M _mPmŸ&& (`. Xr. 7-699)kmZmo~m§Zr gw§Xa Xwï>mÝV
{Xbm Amho. \$moS>Ê`mÀ`m CÔoemZo bmoI§S>mMm KU n[agmda nS>bm Var XoIrb
n[agmMo ñnem©Zo KU gmoZoM ~ZyZ OmB©b. ^Jd§V AOw©Zmbm åhUVmV, ""AOw©Zm
_r gd© _mJm©À`m _wŠH$m_mMo eodQ>Mo {R>H$mU Amho. dmQ>ob Ë`m _mJm©Zo _OH$S>o
`oVm `oVo. ^ŠVrZo AWdm {df` ~wÕrZo, d¡am½`mZo AWdm d¡amZo VwPo Mm§Më`
{H$Vrhr Agy Xo. VwÂ`m ^mdmMo Oa _r bú` Pmbmo Va Vy gwIê$n hmoerb. Vy
AmV© hmo, {Okmgy hmo, AWm©Wu hmo, eÌy hmo, {_Ì hmo, gd© ^mdm§Mm
AmoK _mPoH$S>o Agy Xo. `mbmM ^mdg_n©U åhUVmV.
H$_©g_n©U :- Aä`mgo@ß`g_Wm©o{g _ËH$_©na_mo ^dŸ& (^. Jr
12-10) kmZoída åhUVmV, ""Ü`mZm{X Aä`mg VwÂ`m hmVyZ hmoV Zgob, Va
Ogm Amhog VgmM amhm, B§{Ð`m§Zm H$m|Sy> ZH$mo, ñdOmVrMm A{^_mZ gmoSy>
ZH$mog. ^moJ ^moJmd`mMo Vo ^moJ. Hw$bY_m©Mo nmbZ H$a. {Z{fÜX H$_© H$ê$
ZH$mo. AJXr gwImV amhm. nU EH$ H$a. nar _Z| dmMm XohoŸ& O¡gm Omo ì`mnmê$
hmo`oŸ& Vmo _r H$[aVw Amh|Ÿ& Eogo Z åhUoŸ&& (km. 12-117) hmoUmè`m gd©
H$_m©Mm \w§$O Yê$ ZH$mog. _r Ho$bo Agohr åhUy ZH$mog. {díd MmbH$ na_mË_m
Ë`mModa gd© gmond. H$aUo Z H$aUo Ë`mMo AYrZ R>od. nmQ>mMo nmUr _mir ZoB©b
{VH$S>o OmVo. Vgo VwPo OrdZ {Za{^_mZ hmoD$ Xo. àn§MmMm qH$dm na_mWm©Mm
H$moUVmM hÅ> Yê$Z Ah§H$mamMo AmoPo S>moŠ`mda dmhÿ ZH$mog. gai OmVo H$s AmS>
dmQ>obm, `mMr {\$H$sa JmS>rbm ZgVo. hmH$Umè`mda Vr OmoIr_ AgVo. Ë`mà_mUo
gd© _mÂ`mda gmonrd. _mPo qMVZ R>od. _mPm Zm_moƒma H$a. Ñï>rnwT>o _mPo én
R>od. _ZmV _mPm {dMma, H$mZmV _mPo JwU dU©Z, kmZmbm Xwgam {df`M Zmhr,
Agm Vy hmo. åhUOoM _Zm amKdr dñVr H$a.
_Zm nm{dOo gd©hr gyI OoW|Ÿ&
AVr AmXa| R>o{dOo bj VoW|Ÿ&
{ddoH|$ Hw$S>r H$ënZm nmbQ>rOoŸ&
_Zm g‚mZm amKdr dpñV H$sOoŸ&&40Ÿ&&
Á`m amKdmMo {R>H$mUr dñVr Ho$ë`mZo {MÎmmMo g_mYmZ hmoVo, Aem
amKdmbm _ZmMo d earamMo gd© ì`mnma g_n©U H$a Agm _mJrb ûcmoH$mV
_Zmbm CnXoe Ho$bm. hm g_n©UmMm IQ>mQ>mon H$m H$am`Mm d H$gm H$am`Mm `mMo
{ddoMZ øm ûcmoH$mV Ho$bo Amho. n{hë`m XmoZ MaUm§V g_n©U IQ>mQ>mon H$m
H$am`Mm Ë`mMo{df`r {ddoMZ Amho. amKd ho EH$M gd© gwImMo AmJa Amho.
OJmV EH$M Ü`o` AmT>iVo - Vo åhUOo gwI àmßVr. `:
H$píMËgm¡»`hoVmo{óOJ{V `VVo Z¡d Xw:Iñ` hoVmo:Ÿ&& Xw:I H$moUmbmM ZH$mo.
gwI _mÌ ~«÷m§S>mbm nm{hOo. gwImMo Ü`o` gmè`m§Mo EH$M, nU Vo àmßV H$ê$Z
KoUoMo _mJ© _mÌ XmoZ àH$maMo AmhoV. àd¥Îmr _mJ© d {Zd¥Îmr _mJ©. àd¥Îmr _mJm©Zo
{df`gwI d {Zd¥Îmr _mJm©Zo AmË_gwI àmßV hmoVo. {df`gwI B§{Ð`Jå`
88 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 89

AgyZ j{UH$ Amho. nU gX¡d Xw:Iê$nM Amho. {df` àmßVrgmR>r àW_ H$ï>
H$amdo bmJVmV. {df` àmßV Pmbm Var Vmo {Q>Ho$b H$s Zmhr `mMr hÿahÿa AgVo.
{df` {Q>H$bm Va Vmo ^moJmÝVr Xoh B§{Ð`m{XH$m§Mr eŠVr H$_r H$aVmo d Vmo
hmVMm Jobm Va Ë`mÀ`m {dahmZo Xw:I hmoVo. Am{X A§Vr Xw:IM. ho gwI
dmgZm§À`m O§Omim_wio OÝ__aUmbm H$maUr^yV hmoVo. åhUyZ `mbmM g§gmagwI
Ago åhUVmV.
AmË_gwI ho `mhÿZ AJXr {dê$Õ JwUm§Mo Amho. Vo Xoh|{Ð`m§Mo nbrH$S>o
AgVo. {Z{d©f` AgVo. Vo AI§S> Odi AgVo. Vo AmZ§Xê$n AgVo. Ë`m_wio
Xw:ImMm bdboehr ZgVmo. A§Vr _moj XoVo åhUyZ Ë`mbm _mojgwI Agohr
åhUVmV. {df`gwImbm ào_ d AmË_gwImbm lo` Aer Cn{ZfXmV Zmdo
AmhoV.
`mn¡H$s H$moUVo {ZdS>mdo Ago Oa lw{V_mVobm {dMmabo Va Vr `odT>oM
gm§JVo, "lo` àmßV H$ê$Z KoUmè`m§Mo H$ë`mU hmoVo d Ë`mbm gd© gwImMm bm^
hmoVmo. AmË_gwI hoM gd© gwI. _Zm nm{dOo gd©hr gyI OoWo Ago gm§JyZ Ë`m
gd©gwImdaM gd© bj H|${ÐV H$aUoMm CnXoe H$aVmV. gd©gwI åhUOo
H$m` ?
gd© gwIm§Mm Á`mV A§V©^md hmoVmo, Oo àmßV Pmbo AgVm Xwgè`m gwImMr
Anojm ahmV Zmhr. Á`mV Xw:ImMm A§ehr ZgVmo, VoM gd©gwI. `mZoM Ord
gwIê$n hmoVmo. kmZmo~m åhUVmV, Var gyI V| Jm {H$arQ>rŸ& Xm{dOob VwO
{XR>rŸ& O| AmËå`m{M`o ^oQ>rŸ& Ordm{g hmo`Ÿ&& (km. 18-773) gwI Am{U
_hmXw:IŸ& XmoZrV| J«mgmo{Z`m§ XoIŸ& àH$Q>o ñdmZ§X ñdm^m{dH$Ÿ& `m Zmd
"gwI' CÕdmŸ& OoW Xw{O`mMr MmS> ZmhrŸ& B§{Ð`m§Mm nm§J Z nS>o
H$m§hrŸ& {df`mdrU AmZ§X öX`rŸ& "{ZOgwI' nmht `m Zm§dŸ&& (Zm. ^m.
19-515-516)
gd© gwI åhUOo na_mË_gwIM. "gwI§ñ`mXmË_Zmoê$n§' {df` gwImÀ`m
Ûmao gd© AmË_gwImMmM AZw^d KoVmV. nU AkmZm_wio Ë`mMr OmUrd ZgVo.
åhUyZ g_W© åhUVmV, Ë`m AmË_ñdê$nmda AmXamZo bj R>od. Xwgam H$moUVmhr
{dMma AmS> `oD$ XoD$ ZH$mog, eZ¡:eZ¡ê$na_oV²Ÿ& AmË_g§ñW§Ÿ& (^. Jr. 6-
25) _Zm, Vy åhUerb AmË_ñdê$nr ~wÕr pñWa hmoV Zmhr. g§H$ën {dH$ën
AmS> `oVmV. g_W© åhUVmV Ë`mbm Cnm` Amho. Vmo nwT>rb XmoZ
MaUmV ñnï> H$aVmV. Hw$S>r H$ënZm åhUOo dmB©Q> H$ënZm, Xwï> {_Ï`m
AewÕ d na_mWm©bm KmVH$ H$ënZm. g_mYmZmbm H$m`, qH$dm nVZmbm H$m`
H$maU H$ënZmM Amho. gd©M Oa H$ënZm Va VoWo ewÕ AewÕ hm ^oX H$gm
H$imdm ? AÛ¡V H$ënr Vo ewÕŸ& Û¡V H$ënr Vo AewÕ Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-5-35)
AÛ` {ZíM`mM| kmZŸ& Vo{M ewÕ H$ënZmŸ&& (Xm. 7-5-34) åhUyZ {ZË`m{ZË`
{ddoH$mZo AewÕ H$ënZm ewÕ Ho$br nm{hOo. _r Ord Zìho AmË_m, _r _Ë`© Zìho
emídV, _r Xw:Ir Zìho gX¡d gwIr BË`m{X. AewÕ H$ënZm ewÕ H$ënZoZo àW_
Zmhrer H$amdr. AewÕ Zmhrgo Pmë`mda Cabobr ewÕ H$ënZm ñdê$n-qMVZ
H$aVm H$aVm VÐÿn hmoVo. AewÕ KmbdUogmR>r ewÕ, VÐÿn hmoD$Z ewÕ H$ënZmhr
Zmhrer Pmbr H$s eodQ>r ghOM AmË_gwI {eëbH$ am{hbo. H$mQ>çmZo H$mQ>m
H$mTy>Z XmoÝhrhr \o$Hy$Z Úmd`mMo, åhUOo gwI. Agmo Eogr ho H$ënZmŸ&
gmYZ| Xo g_mYmZmŸ& `oadr ho nVZm _yi{M H$s¨Ÿ&& åhUm¡{Z gdmªMo
_yiŸ& Vo ho H$ënmZmMr Ho$diŸ& BM| Ho${b`m§ {Z_y©iŸ& ~«÷àmßVrŸ&& (Xm.
7-5-25,26)
ñdmË_gwImì`{V[aŠV gd© gwI åhUOo Xw:I H$ënZm-^mgM. AZmË_
dJ© gd© H$ënZmM. _hmH$maU Xoh åhUOo kmZ, H$maU Xoh åhUOo AkmZ, qbJ
Xoh åhUOo dmgZm, {_iyZ kmZ, AkmZ d dmgZm§Mo {_lU ho gd© H$ënZm_`M.
Oo àH¥${V AYrZ Ë`m§Zm H$ënZm ~mYm hmoVo. åhUOo g§gma ~§Y hmoVmo. nU Oo
AmË_mam_ én Pmbo Ë`m§Zm g§H$ën ~mYm Zmhr. H$maU VoWoM g§H$ën qH$dm
H$ënZm g§nVo. åhUyZ g_W© _Zmbm gm§JVmV, ~m _Zm, ewÕ H$ënZoZo AewÕ
H$ënZm Zmhrer H$a d ewÕ H$ënZm Zmhrer H$aUogmR>r amKdr dñVr H$sOo.
~hy qhS>Vm gm¡»` hmoUma ZmhrŸ&
{eUmdo nar ZmVwS>o hrV H$m§hrŸ&
{dMma| ~a| A§Vam ~moYdrOoŸ&
_Zm g‚mZm amKdt dpñV H$sOoŸ&&41Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mbm nyaH$ Agm hm íbmoH$ Amho. AewÕ H$ënZm ewÕ
H$ënZoÀ`mÛmam Zmhrem H$a, gd© gwImMo Ago AmË_mam_ ê$nr Oo ñWmZ
VoWoM gd© bj H|${ÐV H$a, EH$mJ« H$a Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo.
AmË_mam_ ñdê$nrM EH$mJ«Vm H$m H$am`Mr ? `mMo H$maU øm ûcmoH$mV
90 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 91

g_W© gm§JVmV. g_W© _Zmbm ~OmdVmV, amKd ê$n gmoSy>Z AÝ` {R>H$mUr
Vy H$moR>ohr, {H$Vrhr YS>nS>bmg, Var Vwbm gd© gwI àmßV hmoUma Zmhr.
Ë`mV VwPo {hVhr gmYUma Zmhr. _mZdr OrdZmVrb na_mW© àmßVr ho Oo
EH$_od {hV Vohr gmYUma Zmhr. \$ŠV H$ï> d erU _mÌ nXamV Koerb.
Xohr Agmo{Z`m XodŸ& d¥Wm {\$aVmo {ZX£dŸ& Xod Amho A§V`m©_rŸ& ì`W© qhS>o
VrW©J«m_rŸ&& (VwH$mam_) dmñV{dH$ n[a^«_U ho g_W© g§àXm`mMo bjU.
AI§S> MmiUm nm{hOo hm Ë`m§Mm {Zñn¥hmbm CnXoe. Vo åhUVmV, "{ZË`
ZyVZ qhS>md|Ÿ& CX§S> XoemQ>Z H$amd|Ÿ&& (Xm. 14-2-8) `oHo$ R>mB© ~¡gmoZ
am{hbmŸ& Var _J ì`mn{M ~wS>mbmŸ& gmdYnUo Á`mbm Ë`mbmŸ& ^o{Q>
ÚmdrŸ&& (Xm. 15-1-34) Ago åhUUmao g_W© ~hÿ qhS>Vm gm¡»` hmoUma
Zmhr Agm _Zmbm H$m CnXoe H$aVmV ? g_WmªMm n[a^«_UmMm CnXoe
na_mW© gmYZmV nyU© Pmbo Aem _h§VmZm Amho. na_mW© gmYH$mbm hm
CnXoe Zmhr. bmoH$g§J«h, g_mOgodm `m Jmoï>r qhS>Ê`mZoM gmÜ` hmoVmV. nU
na_oída àmßVr hm hoVy qhS>Ê`mZo gmÜ` hmoV Zmhr. Ë`mgmR>r R>mB©M ~¡gmoZr
H$am EH$ {MÎmŸ& AmdS>r AZ§V AmidmdmŸ&& hoM gmYZ Ho$bo nm{hOo.
g_WmªZr CX§S> XoemQ>Z Ho$bo nU Ho$ìhm ? AmË_ gmjmËH$mamgmR>r EH$ Vn
Q>mH$irg EH$m§VmV, {^jm _mJyZ amKdr dñVr Ho$ë`mdaM. g_WmªMm bmoH$godoMm
ì`mn d VrWm©Q>U `m~Ôb nwîH$i bmoH$ ~mobVmV, nU Ë`m§À`m Kmoa VnmMo
_hÎd {dgê$Z. AmË_gwI CJrM dUdU qhSy>Z hmoV Zmhr. B©ídaàmßVrgmR>r
AZoH$ bmoH$ {Za{Zamio AZw^d Amnmnë`mnar gm§JVmV. nU Vo {dMmamZo
nmaIyZ KoVbo nm{hOoV. EH$mMo _V g§gmamV amhÿZ na_mW© Zmhr, Ë`mgmR>r
EH$m§VM nm{hOo. Xwgam åhUVmo {MÎmmV g§gma Amho Vmoda EH$m§Vhr Hw$MH$m_mMm.
EH$ åhUVmo d¡am½` nm{hOo Va Xwgam åhUVmo Ho$di hoH$m§S>{ngo d¡am½` H$m`
H$m_mMo. Ë`m_mJo {ddoH$ nm{hOo. EH$ åhUVmo nmoQ>mgmR>r àn§M hdmM. Vmo
dUm©l_{d{hV {ZîH$m_ H$_© H$ê$Z Ho$bm åhUOo nwao. Xwgam åhUVmo, àn§MmV
Sw>§~yZ H$go Mmbob ? VrW©joÌo, `mÌm, XmZ, Y_©, nwÊ` B. Pmbo nm{hOo. `oH$
åhUVr ho AQ>mQ>rŸ& nmUrnmfmUmMr ^oQ>rŸ& Mw~Hw$ù`m _m[aVr {h§nwQ>rŸ&
H$mgm{dg ìhmd|Ÿ&& (Xm. 8-10-18) hoM Iao. `mV erUM. _mZdr OrdZmV
Á`mbm Iao {hV åhUVmV, Vo `m ì`mnm§Zr gmÜ` hmoUma Zmhr. (ûcmoH$ 22
dm _wÔm_ nwÝhm gmYH$m§Zr dmMmdm.) aKyZm`H$m ÑT> {MÎmr Yamdo hoM {hV.
_J ho {hV H$emZo àmßV hmoUma Ago Oa Vy {dMmaerb Va
EH$m§VmV em§VnUo {ZË`m{ZË` {dMma H$ê$Z AmË_mam_mMm emoY KoVbm nm{hOo.
`oH$m§Vr {ddoH$ H$amdmŸ& AmË_mam_ dmoiImdmŸ&& (Xm. 19-6-30) {dMma Z
H$aVm CJrM H$mhrVar H$aUo, ho l_mbm H$maU hmoVo. nXamV H$mhr nS>V Zmhr.
{dMma Z H$[aVm§ O| O| Ho$b|Ÿ& V| V| dmCJ| ì`W© JoboŸ& åhUmo{Z {dMmat
àdV©boŸ& nm{hOo AmYtŸ& (Xm. 10-9-27) {ddoH$mMo AmQ>moŠ`mV Z `oUmar
Aer H$moUVrM Jmoï> Zmhr. {ddoH$m_Y| gm§nS>oZmŸ& E|go Vmo H$m§hr§M AgoZmŸ&&
(Xm. 19-6-28) {dMmamV S>moignUm AgVmo, nmaI AgVo. {dMma Z H$aVm
H$mhr H$aUo åhUOo A§YmamV MmMnS>Ê`mgmaIo Amho. {dMma Am{U A{dMmaŸ&
O¡gm àH$me Am{U A§YH$maŸ&& {dMma nmho Vmo nwê$fŸ& {dMma Z nmho Vmo
neyŸ&& (km.) g§gma Ë`mJ Z H$[aVm§Ÿ& àn§MCnmYr Z gm§{S>Vm§Ÿ& OZm_Ü`|
gmW©H$VmŸ& {dMma|{M hmo`Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-9-24) ñdV:Mo OÝ_mMo nma_m{W©H$ dm
àmn§{MH$ gmW©H$ H$ê$Z ¿`m`Mo Agë`mg {dMma H$amdmM bmJob. ~ao-dmB©Q>,
ewÕ-AewÕ, {ZË`m{ZË` gd©M JmoîQ>tMm {dMma Ho$bm nm{hOo.
g‚mZ qH$dm n§{S>Vm§Mr {H«$`m hr kmZnyd©H$ hmoV Agbo_wio Vr ewÕ
ñdê$nmMr AgVo Am{U gm_mÝ` OZmMr {H«$`m hr àdmhn{VV AgVo, AewÕ
~m÷H$_m©da Ñï>r AgUmar AgVo. bmoH$ ZmZm Xoh XoIVrŸ& {ddoH$s Xohm§V
nmhmVrŸ& n§{S>V g_Xe©Z| KoVrŸ& `oU| àH$ma|Ÿ&& (Xm. 11-1-24) n§{S>Vm:
g_X{e©Z:Ÿ&&
gm_mÝ` _mUgmMo bj ~m÷ {d{dY Zm_ê$nmH$S>o AgVo, Va g‚mZmMo
bj gd© {R>H$mUr ^aboë`m EH$m A§V:ñW AmË_mam_mH$S>o AgVo. åhUyZ Vo
AÛ¡V {ñWVrV gwImV amhVmV d Amåhr-gm_mÝ` _mUgo Û¡V ~moYmV Xw:ImV
Zm§XVmo. g_W© _Zmbm åhUVmV, ""{dMmao ~ao A§Vam ~moYdrOo.'' gmamgma
{dMmamZo ~«÷m§S>mMm d {ZË`m{ZË` {ddoH$mZo qnS>mMm {ddoH$ H$ê$Z Ë`m
AmË_mam_mMm A§V:H$aUmV ~moY H$ê$Z, R>gdyZ Ko d Vmo AZw^{dÊ`mgmR>r
amKdmÀ`m ñdê$nmV gX¡d amhm. VwPo {hV hmoB©b d Vy {Ma§VZ gwI
Cn^moJerb.
~hþVm§nar h|{M AmVm§ Yamd|Ÿ&
aKyZm`H$m Amnwbog| H$amdoŸ&
{XZmZmW ho VmoS>ar ~«rX JmOoŸ&
_Zm g‚mZm amKdr dpñV H$sOo Ÿ&&42Ÿ&&
92 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 93

÷m JQ>mVrb hm nmMdm eodQ>Mm ûcmoH$ Amho. nmMhr ûcmoH$mV ^ŠVrMo
ñdê$n gm§{JVbo. 38 ì`m ûcmoH$mV, ^ŠVrMr CËH$Q>Vm g§m{JVbr. am_ ^OZmV
BVH$m a§JyZ Om - {ZîH$m_ ào_mZo a§JyZ Om - H$s ~m÷ àn§MmMm {dga nS>mdm.
hm Pmbm Ü`mZ`moJ. 39 ì`m ûcmoH$mV {MÎmmMo Mm§Më` gmoSy>Z _Z EH$mJ«
H$aUog gm§{JVbo. 40 ì`m íbmoH$mV H$ënZm j` qH$dm _ZmoO` gm§{JVbm. 41
ì`m ûcmoH$mV {ddoH$mZo AmË_emoY KoUog gm§{JVbo. eodQ>r ÷m ûcmoH$mV gd© gma
- aKyZm`H$m Amnwbogo H$amdo ÷m dMZmZo gm§{JVbo Amho. ho _Zm, H$m` nm{hOo
Vo H$a nU àW_ aKyZm`H$mbm Amnbmgm H$ê$Z Ko. _J nm{hOo Vo BVa ì`mn H$a.
XrZ ^ŠVm§Mo ajU H$aUo ho Ë`mMo ~«rX Amho. JO|Ðmgma»`m neyMmhr A§Vagmjr
ê$nmZo Vmo CÕmaH$ hmoVmo Va XrZ _mZd ^ŠVm~Ôb Vmo {H$Vr H¥$nmiy Agob ?
29 ì`m íbmoH$mV nXr amKdmMo gXm ~«rX JmOo Ago MaU Amho `oWo "{XZmZmW
ho VmoS>ar ~«rX JmOo' Ago MaU Amho, XmoÝhrMm AW© EH$M.
H$m` nm{hOo Voo H$ê$Z aKwZmWmbm Amnbmgm H$a. H$moUrhr Amnbmgm
H$emZo hmoVmo ? ào_mZo, g»` Ho$ë`mZo. g_W© åhUVmV, ""Xodm{g na_ g»`
H$amd|Ÿ& ào_ àrVrZo ~m§YmdoŸ&'' (Xm. 4-8-2) ^md Yam aoŸ& Amnwbmgm Xod
H$am aoŸ& ho n«o_ {H$Vr CËH$Q> nm{hOo ? AWm©V àmUmnbrH$S>o CËH$Q> nm{hOo. XodmMo
g»`ËdmgmR>r H$moUVrhr AS>MU Ambr Var Ë`mMr ndm© H$ê$ Z`o. Amnë`m
àmUmgmR>r H$moUVohr _mob Úmdo bmJbo Var Vo XoD$Z Ë`mMo ajUmW© AmnU
PQ>Vmo. VgmM Xod hmM Amnbm àmU dmQ>bm nm{hOo. hoM Iao ào_. Xod åh{UOo
Amnwbm àmUŸ& àmUmgr Z H$amd| {Zdm©UŸ& na_ àrVrM| bjUŸ& V| h| Eog|
AgoŸ&& (Xm. 4-8-10) Ago Xodmgr g»` Pmbo H$s Ë`mbmhr ^ŠVmMr qMVm
CËnÝZ hmoVo d Vmo gd© gmhmæ`H$ hmoVmo. g_Om g§H$Q>mV Vmo gmhmæ`H$ Pmbm
Zmhr, Varhr ÷m~Ôb {dfmX Z dmQ>Vm ào_ H$m`_ am{hbo nm{hOo Va Vo {ZîH$m_,
CËH$Q> d {Zì`m©O ào_. `m ào_mbm H$m_ZoMo ì`mO ZgVo. _oK MmVH$mdar
dmoioZmŸŸ& Var MmVH$ nmbQ>oZmŸ& M§Ð doio{g CJdoZmŸ& Var MH$moa AZÝ`Ÿ&&
(Xm. 4-8-16)
_w»` _wÔ`mMm àíZ hm `oVmo H$s Xodmer g»`Ëd Agmdo ho Iao,
nU Vo amImdo H$go ? hr _w»` AS>MU gmYH$mbm `oVo. {XgUmè`m ì`ŠVrer
g»` hmoB©b. Z {XgUmè`m Xodmer g»`Ëd H$go H$amdo ? hm {~H$Q> àíZ
Amho. Xod {ZamH$ma, öX`ñW, A{bßV Amho Aer ^mdZm H$aVm `oB©b. nU
Z {XgUmè`m Xodmer g»`Ëd R>odmdo H$go hm àíZ amhrbM. `mVrb d_©
g_W© gm§JVmV. AmnU {_Ï`m gmM XodŸ& Xod ^ŠV AZÝ`^mdŸ& `m
dMZmMm A{^àmdŸ& AZw^dr OmUVrŸ&& (Xm. 4-9-22) {O^odrU AmË_m
Z ~mob|Ÿ& nar Ë`mÀ`m gÎmoZo Vr Or^ hmboŸ& eãX eãX Oo {ZKmboŸ& Vo
AmË_gÎmoZoŸ& AmË_m A~mobUm ñd`oŸ& nar Vmo{M ~mobVmo åhUmdm {ZíM`oŸ&
H$s Ë`mdmMyZ B§{Ð`oŸ& AdKr d¥WmŸ&& (`. Xr. 4-306,7)
dmñV{dH$ AmnU _r `m ñdê$nmZo H$moUr {Zamio Amhmo H$m` ? EH$
ñWyb, gyú_ OS> eara d Ë`m§Zm MoVZm XoUmao, hbdUmao Xwgao öX`ñW
M¡VÝ`, `m XmoKm àH¥$Vr nwê$fm{dZm {Vgam AÝ` nXmW©M Zmhr. EH$ AI§S>
M¡VÝ` d Xwgar A§J^yV eŠVr. `m AI§S> M¡VÝ`mbmM, ^ŠV ^JdmZ
åhUVmV, kmZr ~«÷ åhUVmV d `moJr na_mË_m åhUVmV. `m EH$m dñVyMmM
gd© H$ma^ma. _J AmVm {Zamim ^ŠV H$moRy>Z AmUm`Mm ? Xod Vmo{M ^ŠV
d ^ŠV Vmo{M Xod, hr dñVwpñWVr Zmhr H$m ? g¥ï>rVrb gd© hmbMmb
Ë`mÀ`mM gÎmo_wio. Amho Vo gH$i, H¥$îUmgr An©UŸ& ZoUmo{Z`m _Z XwOo
^mdrŸ&& Á`mM| Ë`m d§Mb| AmR>d Z hmoVm§Ÿ& X§S> `m {Z{_ÎmmH$maU| hmŸ&&
VwH$m åhUo H$mi| Mo{n`obm JimŸ& _r _r doimodoim H$arVgoŸ&&
(Jm. 3975) Ë`m M¡VÝ`mMr {MËgÎmmŸ& gd© H$mi AmR>do {MÎmmŸ& VarM
~mo{bOo AZÝ`VmŸ& `oadr gd© {d\$iŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 9)
Oo Oo _mPogmR>r H$aVmo, Vo Vo dmñV{dH$ XodmgmR>r Amho, _mÂ`mgmR>r
Zmhr Aer ÑT> ^mdZm nm{hOo. _mPr Am§Kmoi VoM XodmMo ñZmZ, _mPo ^moOZ
VmoM Xodmg Z¡doÚ. _mPo AÀN>mXZ VoM XodmMo dñÌ àmdaU, _mPr dñVr VoM
XodmMo Ka. _mPo ~aodmB©Q> {dMma VmoM Xodmer g§dmX, hmM ì`dhmambm
AZwgéZ doXmÝV, `mZoM Xodmer EoŠ` hmoVo. g»`Ëd OS>Vo d Xod Amnbmgm
hmoVmo. åhUmo{Z g»` Xodmgt H$amd|Ÿ& {hVJwO V`merM gm§Jmd|Ÿ& AmR>do
^ŠVrM| OmUmd|Ÿ& bjU Eog|Ÿ&& (Xm. 4-8-31)
Xod Amnbmgm hmoUo, åhUOo Amnbm gd© Ah§H$ma qH$dm _rnUm
Zmhrgm hmoD$Z VmoM EH$ gd© Agm daModa {dMmamZo AZw^d KoUo. hrM
amKdr dñVr.
94 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 95

_Zm g‚mZm `oH$ Ordt YamdoŸ&
OZt Amnwbo hrV Vwdm§ H$amd|Ÿ&
aKyZm`H$mdrU ~mobm| ZH$mo hmoŸ&
gXm _mZgt Vmo {ZOÜ`mg amhmo Ÿ&&43Ÿ&&
XrZ ^ŠVm§Mm H¡$dmar lram_ Ë`mbm Vy Amnbmgm H$ê$Z Ko, ho
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo. Ë`mbm Amnbmgm H$m H$ê$Z ¿`m`Mm ho `m
íbmoH$mV gm§JVmV. Aao _Zm, `m OJmV ZaOÝ_mbm `oD$Z na_mW© àmßVr
åhUOoM AmË_àgmX, hoM {hV gmYmd`mMo Amho, `mMm Vy {dga nSy> XoD$
ZH$mog. à{VjUr Vy OmJm amhm. VaM ZaXohmMr g\$bVm. `mM àH$maMm
CnXoe ûcmoH$ 22 d 23 ÷m_Ü`o Ambm Amho. gmYH$m§Zr Vmo nwÝhm Aä`mgmdm
d Z§Va ÷m ûcmoH$mVrb eodQ>À`m MaUmMm ^mdmW© nmhmdm. aKwZm`H$m{edm`
VwÂ`mnwT>o OmUÊ`mMm AÝ` {df`M ZH$mo, gmaIm Ë`mMmM Ü`mg Vwbm Agy
Xo. AmË_ñdê$nmMm gmjmËH$ma hmoUonydr© ldU, _ZZ d {Z{XÜ`mg `m EH$mhÿZ
EH$ loð> nm`è`m gmYH$mbm MT>mì`m bmJVmV.
H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>rMm EH$X_ Ü`mg bmJV Zmhr. Ü`mg bmJUogmR>r
Ë`m dñVyMr MQ>H$ Agmdr bmJVo, Vr MQ>H$ bmJÊ`mgmR>r, Ë`m dñVyMo kmZ
ìhmdo bmJVo. nyU©kmZmgmR>r Ë`m dñVyMo gmYH$ ~mYH$ arVrZo M{d©VMd©U
H$amdo bmJVo d _m{hVr ìhmdr bmJVo. åhUyZ àW_ ldU, Z§Va _ZZ, Z§Va
{Z{XÜ`mg d eodQ>r gmjmËH$ma Agm hm na_mWm©Mm MT>Vm gmonmZ Amho.
ldUmnarg _ZZ WmoaŸ& _ZZ| H$io gmamgmaŸ& {ZOÜ`mg| gmjmËH$maŸ&
{Z:g§J dñVyŸ&& (Xm. 11-1-41)
(1) ldU :- na_mWm©V ldU ^ŠVrbm AmÚ ñWmZ Amho. H$maU
ldU ho gdmªMo _yi Amho. _yb àW_ EoH$Vo d _J ~mobVo, BVa ì`dhma
H$aVo. ldU| Ame§H$m {\$Q>oŸ& ldU| g§e` VwQ>oŸ& ldU hmoVm§ nmbQ>oŸ&
nyd©JwU AmnwbmŸ&& ldU| Amdao _ZŸ& ldU| KS>o g_mYmZ Ÿ& ldU| VwQ>o
~§YZŸ& Xoh~wÕrMoŸ&& (Xm. 7-8-5,6) ldUmZo {Za{Zamio {dMma H$iVmV,
kmZ dmT>Vo, {MÎm ewÕr hmoVo d gX²dñVyMm {ZíM` hmoVmo.
gJù`m dZñnVtZm Ogo EH$M OrdZ, gd© g¥ï>r àH$meH$ Ogm EH$
adr, gdmªÀ`m dñVrMm AmYma EH$M n¥Ïdr. Vgo gd© Om{Udobm EH$M ldU
Amho. EoH$ë`m{dU H$ioZmŸ& h| R>mD$H|$ Amho OZmŸ& `m H$maU| _yi àoËZmŸ&
ldU AmYtŸ&& (Xm. 7-8-19)
J«§W dmMZ ho ldUM hmo`. H$mZmMo Ûmaoo eãX C_Q>bo H$m`, Ñï>rMo
Ûmao C_Q>bo H$m`, Vo ldUM. `oWo EH$ _mÌ Oê$a bjmV R>odbo nm{hOo H$s
nma_m{W©H$ H$ë`mUmMo ÑîQ>rZo H$m` EoH$mdo d H$m` dmMmdo `mMmhr {dMma
H$amd`mg hdm. V| dŠV¥Ëd Ë`mJmd|Ÿ& Oo _mB©H$ ñd^md|Ÿ& OoW| {ZíM`mÀ`m
Zm§doŸ& eyÝ`mH$maŸ&& (Xm.7-9-3) _mB©H$ `mMm AW© ^«_ CËnÝZ H$aUmao. J«§W
~hþV AgVrŸ& ZmZm {dYmZ| \$blwVrŸ& OoUo ZwnOo {daŠVr ^ŠVrŸ& Vmo
J«§W{M ZìhoŸ&& (Xm. 7-9-35) Xwgè`mMo EoH$Uo Agmo H$s ñdV:Mo dmMZ
Agmo Vo VËdkmZmg§~§YrM Agmdo.
(2) _ZZ :- ldU {H$Vrhr Pmbo Var Ë`mMo _ZZ Amdí`H$, VaM
Ë`m ldUmMm Cn`moJ. ldUmMm {dMma åhUOo _ZZ. `m Zmd OmUmdo
_ZZŸ& AWm©bmJr gmdYmZŸ&& EoH$boë`mMm AW© H$ibm, åhUOo g§e`
{ZdmaU hmoVo, ~wÕrMm {ZíM` hmoVmo. ~wÕr {ZpíMV Pmbr H$s _ZmMo Mm§Më`
g§nVo, Am{U g_mYmZ hmoVo. ~mo{bë`mMm AW© H$ioŸ& VarM g_mYmZ
{_ioŸ& AH$ñ_mV A§Var§ dmoioŸ& {Z:g§XohVm Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-8-40)
(3) {Z{XÜ`mg :- ldU, _ZZ Pmbo Var {ZpíMV Pmboë`m dñVyMo
nwÝhm {dñ_aU hmoD$ Z`o, Vr ÑT> amhmdr åhUyZ {Z{XÜ`mg - åhUOo {ZpíMV
Pmbobr Jmoï> nwZ:nwÝhm ñ_aU H$ê$Z A§Var OmJVr R>odUo. ldU _ZZmZoo
aKyamOmMo ñdê$n EoHy$Z, {ZË`m{ZË` {dMmamZo Vo {ZpíMV H$amdo. VmoM Amnbm
AmË_m Agm {ZíM` Pmbm H$s AI§S> ñ_aUmZo Ü`mg Yamdm. åhUOo _J
Ë`m ñdê$nmMm-AmË_ñdê$nmMm gmjmËH$ma hmoB©b. ldU _ZZmMm {dMmaŸ&
{ZOÜ`mg| gmjmËH$maŸ& amoH$S>m _mojmMm CYmaŸ& ~mobmo§{M Z`oŸ&& (Xm. 17-
3-3) Jwê$ _wImZo _hmdmŠ`mMo AWm©Mm {ZíM` åhUOo ldU. ldU Ho$bobm
emñÌmW© gË` Amho ho `w{ŠV - à`wŠVrZo ñdV:er R>adUo åhUOo _ZZ.
ldU, _ZZmZo {ZpíMV Pmboë`m {R>H$mUr EH$mJ«Vm åhUOo {Z{XÜ`mg.
_Zm ao OZt _m¡Ý` _wÐm YamdrŸ&
H$Wm AmXa| amKdmMr H$amdrŸ&
Zgo am_ V| Ym_ gmoS>mo{Z Úmd|Ÿ&
gwImbm{J AmaÊ` godrV Omd|Ÿ&&44Ÿ&&
`m OJmV Oa Vwbm nma_m{W©H$ H$ë`mU gmYmd`mMo Agob Va
96 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 97

aKyZmW ñdê$nmMm gmaIm Ü`mg R>od, Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo. nU
OJmV dmdaV AgVmZm A§Va§JmV ñdê$n Ü`mg amhUo AdKS> Amho. `mgmR>r
H$moUË`m Cnm`m§Zr hm Ü`mg AI§S> amhrb ho `m ûcmoH$mV d nwT>rb ûcmoH$mV
gm§JVmV. Vo Cnm` XmoZ (1) dmUrda {Z`§ÌU (2) XwîQ²>g§J Ë`mJ. n{hbm Cnm`
÷m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
_Zwî`mMm ~amM H$mb Jßnm _maÊ`mV, ~S>~S> H$aÊ`mV OmVmo. åhUyZ
OrdZmbm Amdí`H$ VodT>oM ~mobmdo, BVa doir _m¡Z amImdo. nwîH$i bmoH$
_m¡Zd«V ñdrH$maVmV, nU Ë`mVbo \$maM WmoS>o Vo H$mQ>oH$moanUo nmiVmV. nwîH$im§Zm
Ë`mVrb d_© g_OV ZgVo. Ho$di H$mhr Z ~mobVm _wIñV§^ amhUo åhUOo _m¡Z
Zìho. H$maU _wImZo H$mhr ~mobbo Zmhr Var g§H$ën {dH$ën ê$nmZo A§VadmUrV
~mobUo MmbyM AgVo. _wImZo Vo ñnï> hmoV Zmhr BVHo$M. H$mhr bmoH$ _m¡Z
ñdrH$maVmV, nU nmQ>rda Amnbm hoVy {bhÿZ XmI{dVmV. ho nU Iao _m¡Z Zìho.
H$maU Vm|S>mZo ñnï> hmoUmao eãX hmVm§Zr nmQ>rda ñnï> Pmbo nU A§Va§JmV
ní`§VrdmUrV C_Q>boM. åhUOo ñnï> dmUr Oar Zmhr Var gyú_ dmUr Cn`moJmV
AmbrM. _ZmV _ZmoamÁ` H$arV amhUo qH$dm Vm|S> ~§X R>odyZ hmVm§Zr eãX {b{hUo
hr _m¡Z _wÐm Zìho. `oH$m§Vr _m¡Ý` Yê$Z ~¡goŸ& gmdY nmhmVm§ H¡$g| ^mgoŸ& gmoh§
gmoh§ EogoŸ& eãX hmoVrŸ&& (Xm. 17-5-7) Vo eãX gm§Sy>Z ~¡gbmŸ& Vmo _m¡Zr
åhUmdm ^bmŸ& `moJmä`mgmMm Jë~bmŸ& `mH$maU|Ÿ&& (Xm. 17-5-9) AZoH$
eãXmdê$Z XmoZ eãXmda d¥Îmr pñWa H$am`Mr. Z§Va ÷m XmoZ-eãXm§Mm AW©
bjmV KoD$Z Ë`mda d¥Îmr {ñWa H$ê$Z Vo XmoÝhrhr eãX gmoS>Vmo Vmo A{Zdm©À`
{Z:eãX åhUmdm, Iam _m¡Zr hmM. A§Va§JmV eãXê$nmZo _mJMo H$m§hr ñ_aU
Zgmdo d nwT>Mo qMVZ Zgmdo. eãX gmoSy>Z A{Zdm©À` ~«÷mV d¥Îmr amhUo hm ^bm
{Z:eãX _m¡Zr.
dmModa ~§YZ H$m R>odm`Mo `mbm H$maU Amho. Ë`m_mJo emñÌr` VÎd
Amho. dmMoMr XodVm A½Zr. OgOgo ganU Q>mH$mdo VgVgm A½Zr àXrßV hmoVmo.
OgOgo OmñV ~mobmdo qH$dm dm`\$i ~S>~S>mdo VgVgm dmMoVrb A½Zr àXrßV
hmoVmo, dmMm g§`_mZo dmT>Umao AmpË_H$ VoO jrU hmoVo. dmUrVyZ {ZKmbobo
{H$Q>mi, H$moUmbm {H$Vr d H$go VmnXm`H$ hmoB©b hm ^mJ {ZamimM.
åhUyZ _m¡Z ho na_mWm©V _hÎdmMo gmYZ Amho. _m¡Z§ M¡dmpñ_ JwhçmZm_²Ÿ&
kmZm{X AZoH$ JwhçmVrb _m¡Z åhUOo _mPr {d^yVr Amho. AmVm Jwhçohr
~hÿ \$maŸ& Ë`mV naoMo _m¡Z Jwhç WmoaŸ& OoWw{Z _Zmgh eãX {dH$maŸ&
KoD${Z dmMm _mJo naVVr Ÿ&& (`. Xr.) kmZmo~m _m¡ZmMo loð>Ëd dU©Z H$aVmZm
åhUVmV, AmK{d`m{M JyT>m§Ÿ& Am§Vw _m¡Z V| _r gwhmS>mŸ& åhUmo{Z Z ~mobV`m§
nwT>m§Ÿ& g«ï>mhr ZoU hmo`Ÿ&& (km. 10-298) _m¡Zr nwê$fmnwT>o g¥ï>r-CËnÎmr-H$Vm©
Omo ~«÷Xod, Vmohr AkmZr R>aVmo.
nU Ooìhm Ago _m¡Z YaUo AdKS> dmQ>V Agob Voìhm OrdZmbm Amdí`H$
VodT>oM ~mobmdo. dm`\$i ~S>~S> Z H$aVm amKdmMo JwUJmZ Jmdo. H$ihmo H$arb
eãX aoŸ& AZ§V Vmo {Z:eãX aoŸ& Vwåhr AZ§V H$m ZìhmŸ& dodm{XVm AdmgdmŸ&&
(ñ\w$. ûcmoH$) dm`m ~S>~S>rVyZ H$bhM {Z_m©U hmoVmo. nU H$WoV a§JyZ Joë`mg Vo
_m¡ZM R>aVo. Á`m amKdmMo H$sV©Z H$amd`mMo Ë`mMo dmñVdê$n AZ§V, {Z:eãX
AgoM Amho. H$WoV ñdV:Mm {dga nS>Vmo. EadrMo ~mobÊ`mVyZ dmMoVyZ A{^_mZ
~mhoa nS>Vmo. Vmo _J H$moUmbm H$gm XwIdrb gm§JVm `oV Zmhr. åhUmo{Z`m Amim
{Oìhogr KmbmdmŸ& dmd _wir Z Úmdm AZWm©bmŸ&& hm AZW© Q>miÊ`mbm CÎm_
Cnm` åhUOoM har H$sV©Z. ^Jd§Vmg H$sV©Z {à`oŸ& H$sV©Zo g_mYmZ hmo`oŸ& ~hþV
OZmgr Cnm`Ÿ& har H$sV©Zo H$br`wJtŸ&& (Xm. 4-2-7) Ë`mVM nwT>o åhUVmV
H$sV©Zo Aì`J«Vm KS>oŸ& H$sV©Zo g§Xoh ~wS>oŸ& lmoV`m§dŠV`m§MmŸ&& (Xm. 4-2-29)
OJmMo dmB©Q> g§ñH$ma AmnUmda hmoD$ Z`oV, nU Amnbo ^ŠVrào_mMo g§ñH$ma
OJmda ìhmdo.
nU Á`m ñWmZmV _§Jb g§ñH$ma ZmhrV, OoWo am_ Zm_ JmBbo OmV Zmhr,
OoWo Ë`mMo ^OZnyOZ hmoV Zmhr, Ë`mÀ`m ApñVËdmMr OoWo OmUrd Zmhr. Ë`mMo
g§~§Yr AmXa Zmhr. Aem {R>H$mUr jU^ahr amhÿ Z`o, Ë`mnojm dZdmg nËH$abm
Var Mmbob. Xodm~Ôb AmXa Zgboë`m EImÚm gw§Xa ñWmZmnojm {ZO©Z AaÊ`hr
gwImMo hmoB©b. H$maU VoWo EH$m§V {_iVmo. EH$m§VmV {ddoH$ gwMVmo. Ü`mZ YmaUm{X
gmYZ O_Vo. bmoH$ì`mßV ñWmZmnojm dZmVrb g¥ï>rgm¡§X`© ^ŠVrbm nmofH$ AgVo.
d¥j dëbr Amåhm gmo`ar dZMaoŸ& njrhr gwñdao Ami{dVrŸ&& (VwH$mam_) åhUyZ
g_W© åhUVmV gwImbm{J AmaÊ` godrV Omdo.
O`mMo{Z g§Jo g_mYmZ ^§JoŸ&
Ah§Vm AH$ñ_mV `oD${Z bmJoŸ&
V`o g§JVrMr OZt H$moU JmoS>rŸ&
{O`o g§JVrZo _Vr am_ gmoS>rŸ&&45Ÿ&&
98 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 99

_mJrb ûcmoH$mV _m¡Zd«VmMo _hÎd gm§{JVbo. _m¡Z d«V, har H$Wm
qH$dm EH$m§Vdmg `m VrZ gmYZm§VM gmYH$mZo H$m amhmdo, `mMo H$maU hçm
íbmoH$mV gm§{JVbo Amho.
~hþOZ g_mOmV V_moJwUmMo àmYmÝ` OmñV Agbobr _mUgo AgVmV.
Ë`m_wio {MÎmMm§Më`mbm dmd {_iyZ g_mYmZd¥Îmr ^§J nmdVo. `oWo g_WmªZm
H$moUmMr g§JVM H$ê$ Z`o Ago gm§Jm`Mo ZgyZ, H$moUmMr g§JV Ho$br AgVm
\$m`Xm hmoVmo ho XmIdm`mMo Amho. Vo åhUVmV - Á`m§À`m ghdmgm_wio
_ZmMr EH$mJ«Vm Zï> hmoD$Z {MÎmmMo g_mYmZ ^§J nmdVo Aem§Mr g§JVr
ZH$mo. Á`m§À`m ghdmgmZo g_mYmZ dmT>Vo Aem§Mr g§JV Yamdr, _Zm
gd©hr g§J gmoSy>Z ÚmdmŸ& AVr AmXao g‚mZm§Mm YamdmŸ&& (_. ûcmoH$
203)
Á`m§À`m g§JVr_wio {MÎmmMo ñdmñÏ` Zï> hmoVo Ago bmoH$ H$moU ? Vo
åhUOo Xwï>, XwO©Z, {deofV: Ðì` bmo^r, ó¡U, ZmpñVH$ qH$dm Ag§V.
Aem§Mr g§JV KmVH$, AY:nVZ KS>dUmar Amho. hm Xwï> XwO©Z g_Omdm
H$gm ? Xwï> AmMma, Xwï> {dMma, Xw~w©Õr d gmhg{n«`Vm hr Ag§V bjUo
hmoV. `m bjUm§ZmM JrVoV Amgwar g§nÎmr åhQ>bo Amho. V_moJwUmMo àm~ë`,
Ë`mbm XodmMohr dmdS>o. Xod Ë`mbm Ym|S>m dmQ>Vmo. MwHy$Zhr Vmo XodmMo Zmd
KoV Zmhr, g§Vm§Mm Cnhmg H$aVmo, doXemñÌo Vmo à_mU _mZrV Zmhr. Vmo
åhUob VoM Iao Vm{ÎdH$ Jmoï>hr Ë`mbm nQ>V Zmhr. Aem§Mo g§JVrV g_mYmZ
H$go bm^Uma ? g_mYmZ XyaM, nU H$Yr H$Yr AmnbmM Ah§H$ma \$mo\$mdVmo.
Aer EH$ e§H$m `oUo ñdm^m{dH$ H$s XwO©Z ñdV: Xwï> Agob, nU Ë`mMo
g§JVrV g‚mZ H$go {~KS>VmV ? Ë`m§Mm Ah§H$ma H$m dmT>mdm ? gmYZm_wio
gmYH$mMo A§V:H$aU gmpÎdH$ hmoV AgVo, ñdÀN> hmoV AgVo. ñdÀN>
H$mnS>mda EImXm S>mJ Ogm CRy>Z {XgVmo, Ë`mà_mUo _brZ eãXmZo ñdÀN>
A§V:H$aU bdH$a nmbQ>Vo. Ë`m_wio Ag_mYmZ CËnÝZ hmoVo. XwO©ZmV Agboë`m
bjUmV gdm©V KmVH$ Ago H$moUVo bjU Agob Va Vo dmMminUm. KmoHw$Zr
AjaoŸ& dmX N>iUm H$arV {\$aoŸ&& {_R>o drU H$m` AmiUr ho ~mobŸ&
H$moaS>rM \$mob KgKgŸ&& (VwH$mam_) {ZîH$maU KmVboë`m dmXm_wio gmYH$mMm
{MÎmjmo^ hmoVmo. Ë`mMo j{UH$ g_mYmZ Pmë`mg AmnU _moR>o kmZr Agm
Ah§^md gmYH$mMo {R>H$mUr CËnÝZ hmoVmo. hm dmMmi XwO©Z EH$ doi nadS>bm,
H$maU Vmo Oo ~S>~S>ob Ë`mbm Iao Amho åhUyZ _yH$ g§_Vr {Xbr H$s dmX
Wm§~Vmo. nU na_mWm©bm KmVH$ Agm H$moUVm ghdmg Agob Va Vmo ñÌrMm
d ó¡U g§JVrMm. _mPo {dÜd§gmo{Z Ü`mZŸ& _mPo àmßVrAmS> {d¿ZŸ&
gmYH$m§gr A{V~§YZŸ& ñÌr Am{U ñÌ¡Ug§JVrŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 14-365)
BVa {df` Amhm{VŸ& nar EHo$H$ bmo^{dVrŸ& gdªo{Ð`m{g Jmo{dVrŸ& Eogo
~i Zmhr V`mŸ&& ñÌr {df` Oar EH$bmŸ& Var gd© B§{Ð`mgr MQ>mdr
^bmŸ& àmUr EH$Xm de PmbmŸ& H$s Vmo Jobm agmVirŸ&& (Zm. ^. gyÌ
63) åhUyZ XwO©Z g§JVr hr hm{ZH$maH$M. H$maU hçm g§JVrZo Amnbmhr
bm^ Zmhr d Vmohr gwYmaV Zmhr. VwH$mam_ åhUVmV ""åhUdwZr g§J Z
H$[aVm ^bmŸ& Y[aVm A~mobm gd© hrVŸ&&'' åhUyZ gmYH$mZo g§JVrMo YmoaU
H$go R>odmdo `mMm D$hmnmoh g_W© nwT>rb XmoZ MaUm§V H$aVmV.
Á`m g§JVrZo _Zwî` am_^ŠVrnmgyZ XwamdVmo, AmË_{hVmnmgyZ ^«ï> hmoVmo
Aem g§JVrV gwI H$moUVo ? åhUyZ Á`m g§JVrZo am_ ^ŠVr dmT>ob, AmË_{hV
gmYob AerM g§JVr Agmdr. Oer g§JV Vgm _Zmda g§ñH$ma hmoV AgVmo.
_Zwî`mMr Xwï> dm gwï> ñdê$nmMr KS>U, Ë`mMo H$ë`mU AJa AH$ë`mU, Ë`mMr
gwJVr AJa XwJ©Vr, Ë`mMo AmË_{hV AJa AZ{hV ho g§JVrda Adb§~yZ Amho.
g§J| dmT>o erUŸ& g§Jo dmT>o ^OZŸ& {Ì{dY ho OZ ~hÿ XodmŸ&& (VwH$mam_)
ghdmgmdê$Z _Zwî`mÀ`m Mm[aÍ`mMr H$ënZm `oVo. g§JVrMm _Zmda hmoUmam
à~b g§ñH$ma Ü`mZr KoD$ZM g_W© åhUVmV, ""H$Xm dmOQ>mMm ZH$mo g§J XodmŸ&
{YQ>m CÕQ>m_m{O nmfm§S> R>odmŸ& OoUo d¥Îmr ho T>mgio gmYH$m§MrŸ& Ë`Om ao Ë`Om
g§JVr ~mYH$m§MrŸ&&'' ZmaX ^ŠVr gyÌmV "Xw:g§J: gd©W¡dË`mÁ`:' Ago åhQ>bo
Amho. H$m_H«$moY_mohñ_¥{V^«§e~wÕrZmegdªZmeH$maUËdmV²Ÿ&& (Zm. ^. gy.
44) Hw$g§JVrÀ`m g§ñH$mam_wio H$m_, H«$moY, _mohm{X fS>²[any ~imdVmV. ñ_¥{V
^«§e hmoVmo, ~w{ÕZme hmoVmo d eodQ>r gd©Zme R>abobm.
_Zm Oo KS>r amKd|drU JobrŸ&
OZt Amnwbr Vo Vwdm§ hm{Z Ho$brŸ&
aKyZm`H$mdrU Vmo erU AmhoŸ&
OZr Xj Vmo bj bmdy{Z nmhoŸ&&46Ÿ&&
am_^OZmZo hmoUmè`m _ZmÀ`m EH$mJ«Vo_wio Oo g_mYmZ hmoVo
Vo {~KSy> Z`o åhUyZ dmMmi XwO©Zm§Mr g§JV ZH$mo. Ë`m g§JVr_wio am_mMo
100 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 101

AZwg§YmZ VwQ>Vo d Ë`mV gwIg_mYmZ ZgVo, Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo.
am_mÀ`m {dñ_aUmV OmUmam H$mi hr ZaXohmVrb _moR>r hmZr Amho, Ago `m
íbmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
ho _Zm, amKdmÀ`m qMVZmdmMyZ Jobobm H$mi \w$H$Q> Jobm. Am`wî`mMm
{VVH$m Zme Pmbm Ago g_O. am_^OZmV Oar H$mi Jobm Zmhr Var
àmn§{MH$ H$V©ì`mV OmVmoM. _J Vr hmZr H$m _mZmdr ? Amnë`m {dMmao Vr
hmZr Zgob, nU g‚mZm§Mo {dMmao Vr _moR>r hmZr hmo`. `mMo H$maU g§V d
g§gmar `m§À`m {dMmaÑï>rVM _wimV \$aH$ Amho. g§Vm§Mm {ddoH$ {Ma§VZ
gwImbm AZwgê$Z, AmË_kmZmÀ`m ~¡R>H$sdê$Z hmoVmo Am{U g§gmar _Zwî`mMm
{dMma j{UH$ gwImda Ñï>r R>odyZ ì`mdhm[aH$ ~¡R>H$sdê$Z hmoVmo. hm XmoKm§Mo
{dMmamV _moR>m \$aH$ Amho. `m {df`mg§~§Yr g§Vm§Mr {ddoH$Ñï>r H$m` Amho
Vo nmhÿ.
Ho$di Am`wî`mMo _moO_mn Ho$ë`mg na_mW©àmßVrgmR>r doi {H$Vr
WmoS>m CaVmo ho ghO H$iob. ^maVmVrb gamgar Am`w_m©Z 60 dfmªMo Amho.
Ë`mVrb 20 df©o PmonoV OmVmV. EH$V¥Vr`m§e H$mb ~mbnUmVrb AkmZmV
OmVmo. gmYmaU 18 Vo 20 df©o d`mMm _Zwî` gkmZ Pmbm Ago _mZVmV.
àn§MmV nmoQ>mgmR>r IQ>nQ>, amoJamB©, CVmad` hçmV 10-15 df©o OmVmV.
eodQ>r {e„H$ amhVmV 5-7 df©o. Ë`mVbmhr ~amM H$mb dm`\$i JßnmV
Jobm Va na_mW©àmßVrbm doi hmoUma Ho$ìhm ? Ordm Oo Oo `moZr OÝ_JVrŸ&
VoW VoW {df`mgŠVrŸ& Vo{M _Zwî`Xoht {df`pñW{VŸ& V¢ na_mW© àmßVr
H$moUo XohtŸ&& (Zm. ^. 17-532) _mZdoVa H$moUË`mhr XohmV {df`^moJmdmMyZ
AÝ` H$mhr Zmhr. _mZd XohmV Omo H$m` WmoS>m H$mb Cabm Vmohr {df`^moJmV
Kmb{dbm Va `m OÝ__¥Ë`yÀ`m MH«$mVyZ gwQ>H$m Ho$ìhm ìhm`Mr ?
nU H$moU åhUob H$s {df` godZmV WmoS>o \$ma gwI Amho Zm ? Vo
^moJm`bm {_iVo Zm ? nU Ë`mda g§Vm§Mo åhUUo Ago Amho H$s {df`mV
dmQ>Umao j{UH$ gwIhr {df`mV ZgyZ {MÎmñW¡`m©V Amho. {MÎm-em§Vr ho
gwImMo H$maU Amho. Vo AmË_gwIM Amho. {df`mer VmXmËå` Agbo_wio Vo
gwI {df`mnmgyZ Amho Ago ^mgVo. Eadr {df` ho Xw:Iê$n AmhoV, H$maU
{df` gwImV n[aUm_ Xw:I, Vmn Xw:I, g§ñH$ma Xw:I, JwUd¥{Îm {damoY, hr
AgVmV. åhUyZ Vo {df` Xw:Iê$nM AmhoV. n[aUm_ Xw:I - B§{Ð` e¡{Wë`,
níMmVmnm{X _mZ{gH$ à{V{H«$`m, Vmn Xw:I - AmÜ`mpË_H$ Vmn,
amoJm{XH$m§Mr CËnÎmr, g§ñH$ma Xw:I - åhUOo OgOgo ^moJ hmoVmV VgVgo
g§ñH$ma hmoD$Z {df`mH$S>o A{YH$ hmd. OgOer A{YH$ hmd VgVer A{YH$
Aem§Vr, JwUd¥Îmr {damoY-{df` gmpËdH$ Agob Va amOg, Vm_g d¥ÎmtMm
{damoY. `o {h g§ñne©Om^moJm Xw:I`moZ` Ed VoŸ& AmÚ§Vd§V: H$m¢Vo` Z
Vofw a_Vo ~wY:Ÿ&& åhUmo{Z {df`^moJt Oo gwIŸ& Vo gmÚ§V{M OmU Xw:IŸ&&
(km. 5-120) nwT>Vr OÝ_ nwT>Vr _aUŸ& ho {df`mñVd KS>o OmUŸ& g§gmamMo
g~i nUŸ& {df`mYrZ CÕdmŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 22-163) {df` ^moJ, Zìho
Va Ë`mMr ñ_¥Vrhr KmVH$, H$maU Vr _ZñVmn CËnÝZ H$aVo.
_m{`H$ {df` Xw:Iê$n AmhoV, Am{U AmË_mam_ gwIñdê$n Amho.
gm§Sy>Z am_ AmZ§X KZŸ& Á`mMo _Zt {df` qMVZŸ& Ë`mgr H¢$M¢ g_mYmZŸ&
bmob§JVmgrŸ&& (Xm. 3-10-62) gwadmVrb {df` JmoS> dmQ>VmV. nU A§Vr Vo
VmnXm`H$ AgVmV, Agm Á`mMm ÑT> {dMma AgVmo Vmo Xj. Ji {J{iVm§ gwI
dmQ>oŸ& dmoTy>Z KoVm§ Kgm \$mQ>oŸ&& (Xm. 3-10-66) hr Ë`mbm nyU© OmUrd AgVo.
åhUyZ {dMmar gmYH$ Ë`m amKdñdê$nr _Z EH$mJ« H$ê$Z AmZ§X bwQ>Vmo. "gd©
nade§ Xw:I§Ÿ& gdª AmË_de§ gwI§Ÿ&&' "na' åh{UOo _m`m OmUŸ& Omo Pmbm
{VMo AmYrZŸ& Ë`m{g gwImMo Z {Xgo ñdßZŸ& Xw:I g§nyU© gd©XmŸ&& (Zm. ^.
11-568) _moR>_moR>o amOo, Á`m§Zm gd© Eo{hH$ gwImMr gwb^Vm, Vohr Amnë`m
amÁ`mda bmW _mê$Z dZm§Var Jobo, Vo H$m doS>o hmoVo ? åhUyZ ,Eo{hH$ gwI ho gwI `m
g§kogM nmÌ Zmhr.
{Odmbm {df` nm{hOoV. nU Ë`m_mJyZ `oUmao Xw:I ZH$mo. Xw:I-a{hV
{df`m§Mr gmo` ìhmdr hr gdmªMr AmdS>. nU ho Ago H$YrM KS>V Zmhr, hm gdmªMm
AZw^d Amho. ^moJm_mJo Xw:I R>odboboM. g§V gm§JVmV, Xw:ImMr AmË`§{VH$ {Zd¥Îmr
d {Za{Ve` AmZ§X hr AmË_mam_ amKdñdê$nrM AmhoV. åhUyZ {ddoH$s gmdY
gmYH$ gd© Amig gmoSy>Z EH$mJ««_ZmZo Ë`m AmË_ñdê$nmVM a_Vmo. V¡gr
{df`gwImMr JmoS>rŸ& JmoS> dmQ>o nar Vr Hw$S>rŸ& åhUmo{Z`m§ AmdS>rŸ& aKyZmWt
YamdrŸ&& (Xm. 3-10-67)
Á`mÀ`mH$[aVm Oo H$V©ì` {Z`V Amho, Vo Z H$aVm, BVa A{Z`V Ago
{H$Vrhr d H$moUVohr H$_© Ho$bo Var Ë`m {H«$`oVrb KS>r [aH$m_rM Jobr Ago g_Omdo.
_Zwî` XohmMo H$V©ì` amKd^ŠVr hoM Amho. _O Z ^OVm ^adgm gwImMm H$moU ?
Ago Xod åhUVmV.
102 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 103

_Zt bmoMZt lrhar Vmo{M nmho Ÿ&
OZt OmUVm ^º$ hmoD${Z amho Ÿ&
JwUt àr{V amIo H«$_y§ gmYZmMm Ÿ&
OJt YÝ` Vmo Xmg gdm©oÎm_mMm Ÿ&&47Ÿ&&
`mnyduÀ`m Mma ûcmoH$mV _mZd Or{dVmMo {hVmW©, am_ñdê$nmMm Ü`mg
AI§S> H$gm Agmdm, Ë`mgmR>r _m¡Zd«VmMo _hÎd H$m`, XwO©Zg§J H$gm Q>mimdm,
àË`oH$ jU amKd qMVZmV H$gm Kmbdmdm, B. {dMma gm§{JVbo. Aem gmYZH«$_mZo
^º$mMr KS>U H$er hmoVo, Ë`mbm YÝ`Ëd H$go àmá hmoVo, Vmo H¥$VmW© Agm am_mMm
loð> Xmg H$gm ~ZVmo, ho `m ûcmoH$mnmgyZ Xhm íbmoH$mV gm§JVmV. "OJr YÝ`
Vmo Xmg gdm©oÎm_mMm' øm MaUmZo eodQ> hmoUmè`m Xhm ûcmoH$m§Mm hm EH$ JQ>
Amho. JrVoV Xwgè`m AÜ`m`mV "pñWVàkñ` H$m ^mfm g_m{YñWñ` Ho$ed'
"`m AOw©ZàíZmMo {Z{_ÎmmZo pñWV-àkmMr bjUo gm§{JVbr. VerM `oWo am_Xmg
- H¥$VmW© am_XmgmMr bjUo gm§JVmV. Ë`mMo Xodmg§~§Yr dmJUo H$go AgVo ho `m
íbmoH$mV gm§{JVbo Amho.
"_Zr bmoMZr lrhar Vmo{M nmho' `m MaUmVrb lrhar hm eãX
AË`§V _m{_©H$ Amho. A§VamË_m VmoM har, VmoM am_. EH$m AZmå`mMrM ghò
Zmdo. `m AmË_mam_mbmM har H$m åhUVmV ? gH$i nmVH$m g§hmar Ÿ& `m
bmJr ~mo{bOo Zm_o har Ÿ& nwÊ` nmn {Vi ^ar Ÿ& AmË_gmjmËH$mar CaoZm&
`mMo gmjmËH$mamZo ewÕ nwÊ` nXar nS>Vo. åhUOo AmË_ê$n àmá hmoVo. Á`mÀ`m
_Zmbm åhUOo A§VaÑï>rbm d bmoMZr åhUOo ~møÑï>rbm har{edm` H$mhr
{XgVM Zmhr. Vmo YÝ` hmo`. S>moio {_Q>bo Va Vmo harê$n hmoVmo. S>moio CKS>bo
Va gd© g¥ï>r Ë`mbm harê$n {XgVo. {OH$S>o nmho {VH$S>o har Ÿ& har{dU XwOo
Zmhr Ÿ&& `m AZw^dmV Vmo _¾ AgVmo. Ë`mbm AÝd` d ì`{VaoH$ XmoÝhr
àH$maMo kmZ AgVo. Ü`mZmV _m`monm{Ya{hV ewÕ AmË_ê$nmer AZÝ` hmoUo
ho ì`{VaoH$ kmZ, VoM AmË_ê$n CnmYrZo ZQ>bobo {dœmV nmhmUo ho AÝd`
kmZ. ì`{VaoH$o AmË_m g_OmoZr Ÿ& AÝd`o ~«÷{M gd©C_OmoZr Ÿ& ^mg
åhUmdm _m`m åhUmoZr Ÿ& Vo ^º$ ^JdÐþno nmhmVr Ÿ&& (`. Xr. 9-424)
ê$no ZgVmZm Vr {XgUo hr Ë`m gJwU ~«÷mMr AK{Q>V KQ>Zm nQw>Ëde¡br.
hm Eoída`moJ, ho kmZ Ë`mbm AgVo. ~wÕrZo gmoZo H$m` Vo g_Obo. S>moù`mZo
Xm{JZm Vmo gmoÝ`mMmM ho C_Obo åhUOo Ë`mV Ë`mÁ`m§e Vmo H$moUVm ? H$moUVmM
Zmhr. gd©M gmoZo. `mà_mUo hm ^º$ gd©M harê$n nmhmVmo. Agm hm kmZr
AgyZhr OZr OmUVm ^º$ ...... OJmV dmJVmZm Vmo AmnU H$moUr EH$
{gÕ nwê$f Amhmo, `m Ah§H$mamZo dmdaV Zmhr. AmnU h[a^º$ Amhmo `m Z_«
^mdZoZo Vmo dmJVmo. åhUOo kmZ AgyZhr godH$ ^mdZoV dmJyZ kmZmoÎma ^OZ
Mmby R>odVmo. _mPm am_ AdKmMr AmnU Ÿ& Xwgao Zmhr Ë`mMrM AmU Ÿ&
ho pñWVr Z _moS>Vm ñdm_r godH$ nU Ÿ& {XYbo Eogm CXma Ÿ&& AmnU
AmË_ê$n ho kmZ Va Agm`MoM, nU Xoh CnmYr_wio AmnUmbm Zmd, ê$n,
nXdr, ZmVoJmoVo Amho, Va ^º$ ho ZmVo am{hbo Va {~KS>Vo H$moR>o ? `mà_mUo
~«÷ hmoD$Z Xoh ÑîQ>çmVwXmgmo@h§ øm ZmË`mZo Vmo ^º$ qH$dm godH$ `m ZmË`mZo
dmJVmo.
JwUr àr{V amIo - amIo åhUOo ajU H$aVmo, _wÔm_ R>odVmo. Oo nydu
Agob Ë`mMoM ajU eŠ`. nU Oo ZmhrM, Ë`mMo ajU H$m` H$aUma ?
g_W© `mMo CÎmahr XoVmV. gJwU àr{V amIo Am{U gmYZr H«$_y amIo. kmZmoÎma
gJwU ^OZ d gmYZ Mmby R>odVmo. `ñËdmË_a{Vaod ñ`mXmË_V¥áíM
_mZd:Ÿ& AmË_Ý`odM g§Vwï>ñVñ` H$m`ª Z {dÚVo Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 3-17) Omo
AmË_V¥á AgVmo, Ë`mbm emñÌ{d{hV H$V©ì` ZgVo. `m Ñï>rZo øm ^º$mbm
gJwU ^OZ qH$dm gmYZmMr Amdí`H$Vm ZgVo. nU ho XmoÝhr amIVmo, Mmby
R>odVmo, H$maU (1) Á`m fS²>JwU¡íd`© gJwU ^Jd§VmMo ^OZm_wio Ë`mbm
AmË_kmZ Pmbo, Vo gmoS>Uo åhUOo H¥$V¿ZnUm hmo`. (2) EH$Xm B§{Ð`m§Zm
diU nS>bo_wio Vmo ^OZ d gmYZ gmoSy> åhUob Var gwQ>V Zmhr. (3)
bmoH$g§J«hmW© Ë`mMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. H$maU kmZrM Oa dmQ>ob Vgm
AemñÌr` dmJy bmJob Va AkmZr OZm§Zm _mJ©Xe©Z H$moU H$aUma ? AmMma
CnmgZm gmo{S>V Ÿ& Vo ^«ï> A^º$ {XgVr Ÿ& Oimo V`m§Mr _h§Vr H$moU
nwgo Ÿ&& (Xm. 5-2-56) kmZ{ddoH|$ {_Ï`m Omb| Ÿ& na§Vw AdK| Zmht
Q>m{H$b| Ÿ& Var _J ^OZ|{M H$m` Ho$bo Ÿ& gm§J ~mnm Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-7-18)
{gÕnUmÀ`m K_|S>rV Omo gmYZ gmoS>Vmo Vmo ~ÕM. gmYZ Z _Zo Á`mbm &
Vmo {gÕnU| ~Õ{M Ombm Ÿ&& (Xm. 5-6-73)
AmVm gmYZH«$_ H$moUVm Vo nmhÿ. g_W© åhUVmV.
CnmgZm_yVuÜ`mZt Ÿ& AWdm AmË_mZwg§YmZr Ÿ& ZmhtVar ldU _ZZt Ÿ&
{Za§Va Ÿ&& (Xm. 14-7-16) `m MËdma gmYZ_mJm©VM Ë`mMm H$mi OmVmo.
Á`mbm A§V~m©ø h[aXe©Z KS>Vo, Omo kmZr AgyZ ^º$ H$moQ>rV amhmVmo, Omo
kmZmoÎmahr gJwU ào_V§VyZm Z VmoS>Vm, {gÕnU Z {_a{dVm, gmYH$ pñWVrV
104 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 105

amhÿZ gmYZ_mJ© Mmby R>odVmo Vmo OJr YÝ` hmo`. gdm}Îm_ Omo lram_ Ë`mMm
hm Xmg YÝ` hmo`. gdm©_Ü`o Omo CÎm_ Ÿ& Ë`m Zmd gdm©oÎm_ Ÿ&& Vmo gV²
Amho åhUyZ Ë`mbm H$mb_`m©Xm Zmhr. {MV²-kmZê$n Amho, gdm©Ë_m Amho.
àË`oH$ nXmWm©Mo ñ\w$aU ho Ë`mMo ñdê$n. åhUyZ Vmo dñVw n[apÀN>Þ Zmhr. Vmo
gwIê$n AmZ§XKZ Amho. ñWb, H$mb _`m©Xma{hV g{ƒXmZ§X ñdê$n `m
bjUm§Zr `wº$ Ago AÝ` H$moUr Zgë`m_wio hm gdmoÎm_ Amho.
Aem am_mMm Omo Xmg Vmo YÝ` hmo`. H$maU Ë`mZo nmn, nwÊ`
qOH$bo. ewÕ nwÊ` Omo{S>bo. B©eH¥$nm g§nm{Xbr. BVHo$M Zìho Va ñdV:
ZamMm Zmam`U hmoD$Z Á`mZo ñdna CÕma Ho$bm Agm hm ^º$ YÝ` hmo`.
gXm Xod H$mOt {POo Xoh Á`mMmŸ&
gXm am_Zm_| dXo {ZË` dmMmŸ&
ñdY_©o{M Mmbo gXm CÎm_mMmŸ&
OJt YÝ` Vmo Xmg gdm©oÎm_mMmŸ &&48Ÿ&&
YÝ` Aem Xmgmbm ñdV:V d {dídmV EH$ h[aê$nM AZw^dmbm `oVo.
VgoM Vmo kmZr AgyZhr gJwUmda Ë`mMo ào_ AgVo d Vmo Amnë`m gmYZ _mJm©V
{Z_¾ AgVmo, Ago Ë`mÀ`m A§V~m©ø ^º$sMo ñdê$n _mJrb íbmoH$mV gm§{JVbo.
`m íbmoH$mV Ë`mMm {ZË`H«$_ gm§{JVbm Amho.
g_W© åhUVmV H$s Ë`mbm 7 dr ^º$s KS>Vo, åhUOo Xmñ` ^º$s
KS>Vo. XodmMr godm H$aÊ`mV, Xmg hmoÊ`mV Ë`mbm ào_ dmQ>Vo. H$m`_À`m
ñdê$nmMr XodmM©Zm{XH$mMr g§nyU© gmo` hmoB©b Ago _§{Xa ~m§Ymdo, nwîndm{Q>H$m
bmdmì`mV, gmYH$m§Mo Aä`mgmgmR>r Amodè`m ~m§Ymì`mV, ^moOZemim
Agmì`mV, O`§Ë`m, nd©o, _hmoËgd WmQ>mZo H$amdoV, ^§Jboë`m Xodmb`mMm
OrUm©oÕma H$amdm, Am{U ho gd© H$aÊ`mV, VoWo nS>ob Vo hbHo$gbHo$ H$m_hr
Z_« hmoD$Z H$amdo Ago Ë`mbm dmQ>Vo. {edmOr amOo g‚mZJSm>da PmS>bmoQ>
H$aÊ`mV AmZ§X _mZrV. OJmMm Omo _mbH$, Omo nmbH$ Ë`mMr godm H$aÊ`mV
bmO H$gbr, Ago Ë`mbm dmQ>Vo. _§{XamVrb _yVu ho àË`j OmJ¥V X¡dV
VoWo dmg H$aVo Aer Ë`mMr JmT> {Zð>m AgVo. n{S>b| H$m`© {VVwHo$ H$amd|Ÿ&
MT>Vo dmT>V| dmT>dmdoŸ& ^OZ XodmM|Ÿ&& hr Ë`mMo {R>H$mUr hm¡g AgVo. hr
Pmbr _§{XamVrb XodmMr ^º$s. na§Vw `m Xmgmbm A§V~m©ø h[aê$n {XgV
Agë`m_wio Ho$di _§[XamVrb XodVoMoM Vmo Xmñ` H$arV Zmhr. Va OZVoV
Agboë`m OZmX©ZmMohr Vmo Xmñ` H$aVmo. g_W© åhUVmV, ""XohmdoJir nyOm
nmdoZmŸ& Xohm{dU nyOm \$mdoZmŸ& OZt OZmX©Z åhUmoZr OZmŸ& g§Vwï> H$amd|Ÿ&&''
(Xm. 18-4-35) ì`mnH$ {ZamH$ma Xodmbm Xohm{edm` nyOm ñdrH$maVm `oV
Zmhr Am{U ^º$mbm Xohm{dZm nyOm KS>V Zmhr, Aer pñWVr Amho. _J
à{Vð>mnZm Ho$boë`m _§{XamVrb pñWa XodmMr Oa godm {Zð>oZo H$amd`mMr Va
Xohê$nr XodimVrb MmbË`m ~mobË`m M¡VÝ` XodmMm A{YH$ gÝ_mZ H$am`bm
ZH$mo H$m ? gH$im§Mo H$amd| nmanË`Ÿ& Amë`m§Mo H$amd| Am{VÏ`Ÿ& Eogrho
OmUmdr gË`Ÿ& gmVdr ^º$sŸ&& (Xm. 4-7-25) Xmñ`^º$sMo ho Iao d_©
Amho. `m YÝ`XmgmMr ^º$s Ho$di _§{XamVrb _yVunwaVr _`m©{XV ZgVo Va Vr
{dœ ì`mnH$ AgVo. `mda EH$ e§H$m Aer `oB©b H$s EImXm _§{XamMm _mbH$
qH$dm nwOmar darbà_mUo Xmñ` ^º$s H$ê$ eHo$b. nU Aer gmo` Zgob VoWo
H$m` H$amdo ? g_W© åhUVmV, àË`j Z KS>o Var _mZgnyOm H$amdr. _ZmZo
XodmMo Xmñ`Ëd nËH$ê$Z AmnU Amnë`m XodVoMo nwOmar `m ^mdZoZo darbà_mUo
nyOm H$amdr. ~mø nyOoV _Z BH$S>o {VH$S>o dmdaVo, nU _mZgnyOoV Vo bJoM
EH$mJ« hmoVo, d B©ídaàgmX bdH$a hmoVmo. {edm` _mZgnyOoV H$emMrM dmU
ZgVo. nm{hOo Vo _ZmZo H$pënVm `oVo. ~S>moÚmMo ~mim _hmamO _mZg - nyOoV
Oo AÎma bmdrV Ë`mMm gwJ§Y ~mhoa gwQ>o. Aer hr loð> nyOm Amho. Xodmbm
^º$mMo ào_ nm{hOo, ~mømonMma ZH$mo. g§V åhUVmV, _mZgnyOm
H$[aVm OmUŸ& EH$mJ« hmoVo _ZŸ& g§Vwï> hmoVmo Zmam`UŸ& öX`mgZr
ny{OVmŸ && ({d. gmJa A. 9)
hm ^º$ Xmñ`^º$s H$aVmo VerM Vmo ñ_aU^º$shr H$aVmo. hr ^º$s
\$ma CnH$maH$ AgyZ Vr AI§S> hmoD$ eH$Vo. g_W© åhUVmV, ""Zm_o hmo`
{MÎmewÕrŸ& Zm_o VwQ>o Xoh~wÕrŸ& Zm_o hmo` H$m`©{gÕrŸ& {ZOÜ`mgoŸ&& Zm_o
ñd{hV \$mdoŸ& Zm_o {ZíM`r ÑT>mdoŸ& Zm_ñ_aUo erK«{M nmdoŸ& Xodm{YXodmoŸ&&
Eogo ho am_Zm_Ÿ& na_ Jwø {dlm_ Ym_Ÿ& _§Wy{Z H$m{T>bo d_©Ÿ& eVH$moQ>rMoŸ&&''
`m gmYZmV EH$m Jmoï>rMr I~aXmar ¿`mdr bmJVo. Zm_ ñ_amdoŸ&
_Zr ê$n AmR>dmdoŸ&& ZmhrVa "_mi {\$aVo hmVmV d _Z {\$aVo ~mOmamV'
Aer pñWVr. _J \$b H$m` nXamV nS>Uma ? na§Vw hm ^º$, EH$mJ« _ZmZoM
ñ_aU^º$s H$aVmo. H$maU Oo C{MV VoM Vmo H$aVmo.
`m XmoZ ^º$sgmYZm§à_mUo dUm©l_ Y_m©Mohr Vmo nmbZ H$aVmo.
106 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 107

AZw{MV Ago H$moUVoM H$m`© H$arV Zmhr. C{MV VoM H$aUoMo Ë`mbm diU
AgVo. H$mhr gmYH$, XodH$m`m©W© {POVmV d Zm_ñ_aUhr H$[aVmV. nU Ë`m§Mo
dU©{dhrV H$_m©H$S>o bj ZgVo. AmnU Zm_ñ_aU H$[aVmo Zm ? _J AmVm Xwgao
H$mhr H$V©ì` Zmhr. OmZdo, g§Ü`md§XZm{X H$aUoMr Oê$ar H$m` ? Ago Ë`m§Zm
dmQ>Vo. IamoIa Zm_ñ_aUmV, Vo Zm_rer EH$ê$n qH$dm AZÝ` hmoD$Z AI§S>
amhmV AgVrb Va {dhrV H$_© Z Pmbo Var Mmbob. ñdê$nmer AZÝ` hmoD$Z
amhUo hmM loð> Y_© hmo`. g_W© åhUVmV, ""gH$i Y_m©_Ü`o Y_©Ÿ& ñdê$nr
amhUo hm ñdY_©Ÿ&&'' nU ho AI§S> AZÝ`Ëd Omon`ªV gmYV Zmhr, Vmon`ªV
{MÎmewÕr H$aUmè`m ñdY_m©H$S>o Xwb©j H$ê$Z H$go Mmbob ? EImÚm amOmMm
godH$ Oa Ago åhUob H$s amOogmho~ _r Amnbo Zmd KoV Amnë`mOdi gmaIm
~gVmo, Va ho åhUUo amOm _mÝ` H$arb H$m` ? Vmo åhUob _mPo ñ_aU R>od
nU Á`mgmR>r VwPr Zo_UyH$, Vo Vwbm {Zd¥Îm hmoB©n`ªV Ho$boM nm{hOo. Amnë`m
H$m_mH$S>o Xwb©j H$ê$Z _mPo Ho$di ñ_aU H$ê$Z H$go Mmbob ? VgoM `oWohr
Amho. ^JdmZ åhUVmV, g_mOñdmñÏ` d _mZdmMo {hV bjmV KoD$Z _r
dU©ì`dñWm Ho$br; Vr nmiÊ`mVM _mZdmMo {hV Amho d Ë`mVM _mPm g§Vmof
Amho. `V: àd¥{Îm^y©Vm§ZmŸ& ñdH$_©Um V_ä`M©Ÿ&& (Jr. 18-46) AJm
O`m Oo {d{hVŸ& Vo B©ídamMo _ZmoJVŸ& åhUm¡{Z Ho${b`m {Z^«m§VŸ&
gm§nS>o{M VmoŸ&& (km. 18-911)
Á`mbm Oo C{MV H$_© gm§{JVbo Vo Ë`mZo H$amdo Ago B©ídamMo
_ZmoJV Amho. Vo H$_© Ho$bo åhUOo d¡am½` àmá hmoD$Z {Z:g§e` B©ídaàmár
hmoVo. hm ^Jd§VmMm CnXoe bjmV KoD$Z hm YÝ` ^º$ ñdê$nr AZÝ` Var
hmoVmo qH$dm ñdY_m©Mo nmbZ H$ê$Z C{MV Ago dmJVmo. Omo AI§S> XodgodoV
amhVmo, Omo gVV ^Jd§VmMo ñ_aU R>o{dVmo, Omo AmË_ñdê$nr AZÝ` hmoD$Z,
qH$dm {d{hV H$_© H$ê$Z ñdY_©nmbZ H$[aVmo, VmoM g{ƒXmZ§X bjUm§Zr
`wº$ Aem _`m©Xmnwê$fmoÎm_ am_à^yMm Xmg YÝ` hmo`.
gXm ~mobÊ`mgm[aIo MmbVmhoŸ &
AZoH$s¨ gXm EH$ Xodm{g nmho Ÿ&
gJyUt ^Oo boe Zmhr ^«_mMm Ÿ&
OJt YÝ` Vmo Xmg gdm©oÎm_mMm Ÿ&& 49Ÿ&&
hm YÝ`Xmg g_mOmV MmbVmo H$gm, ~ombVmo H$gm `mMm ì`dhma H$gm
AgVmo ho `m ûcmoH$mV g_W© gm§JVmV.
gXm ~mobÊ`mgm[aIo MmbVmho, `m JwUm~Ôb g_WmªZr Xmg~moYmV d
AÝ` {R>H$mUr nwîH$i gm§{JVbo Amho. hm JwU Ogm na_mWm©bm VgmM Vmo
g_mOñdmñÏ`mbmhr Cn`wº$ Amho, CnH$maH$ Amho. g_mOmV V§Q>o, ~IoS>o,
AñdmñÏ` H$m CËnÞ hmoVo ? `mMo CÎma Ago Amho H$s _mUgo Ogo ~mobVmV Vgo
dmJV ZmhrV. Vr Oa ~mobë`mà_mUo dmJy bmJbr Va nwîH$i ì`dhma gwairV
MmbVrb. XoemV gä`Vm Zm§Xob d {XdmUr H$Moè`m§Mo H$m_ nwîH$i H$_r hmoB©b.
Omo ~mobë`mà_mUo dmJV Zmhr Ë`mbm Wmno~mO, ImoQ>m Ago ì`dhmamV åhUVmV.
na_mWm©V Va ~mobÊ`mgmaIo \$ma H$mhr ZmhrM. "JwamoñVw _m¡Z§
ì`m»`mZ§' Ago Amho. Amdí`H$Vm Oa H$emMr Agob Va Vr H¥$VrMr,
gmYZm§Mr. nwîH$i VÎdkmZ ~mobbo, nU Vo H¥$VrZo Oa AZw^dmbm `oV Zgob,
OrdZmV CVaV Zgob, Va nXamV H$m` nS>Uma ? H$mhr Zmhr. eyÝ`.
~mobo ~«÷kmZŸ& n[a Vmo H$moaS>m nmfmUŸ& {Za{Zamù`m nŠdmÝZm§Mo {H$Vrhr
JmoS> dU©Z Ho$bo. nU Oa Vr V`ma H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr Md KoUoMo H$m`© Ho$bo
Zmhr, Va V¥ár, g_mYmZ H$go ìhmdo ? ~mobmMrM H$T>r ~mobmMm{M ^mVŸ&
goD${Z`m V¥á H$moU PmbmŸ&& Iao nmhVm AmYr H¥$Vr d _J ^mfm Ago
nm{hOo. WmoS>o kmZ H$_r Agbo Var Mmbob nU _Zwî`mZo gmYZmV Agmdo.
AemZoM {MÎmewÕrÛmam kmZ C_Q>Vo, g_mYmZ hmoVo d eãXmbm _hÎd `oVo.
O¡g| ~mobUo ~mobmd|Ÿ&& V¡g|{M MmbU| Mmbmd|Ÿ& _J _h§Vbrim ñd^md|Ÿ&
Am§Jr ~mUoŸ&& (Xm. 12-9-23) nU OJmVrb H$ma^ma `mMo{dê$Õ Mmby
AgVmo. bmoH$ {ZarjH$ g_W© åhUVmV, ""gm§Jmo{M OmUVr gd©oŸ& H$Vm©
H$moUr Ago{MZmŸ& OmUVo ZoUVo gm§JmoŸ& ñd^mdmo bmJbm OZrŸ&& H$a§Q>o
{_imbo gd©oŸ& Omo Vmo ~wÕrM gm§JVmoŸ& gm§Jmdo Vo AmnUmbmŸ& AmnU
H$[aVm ~aoŸ&&'' _§Ìr, nwT>mar, Xoe^º$ ~mobVmV nwîH$i, nU Xoe{hV H$moUrM
H$arV Zmhr. àdMZo, {Zê$nUo YS>mŠ`mZo MmbVmV, nU H¥$VrZo OrdZmV
na_mW© CVabm Ago \$ma WmoS>o. åhUyZ g_W© åhUVmV, ""~mobmo{Z`m _wIo
V¡gr {H«$`m H$arŸ& YÝ` Vmo g§gmar ~«÷kmZrŸ&&'' àmn§{MH$ Agmo d
na_mWu Agmo Or ~mobo V¡gm Mmbo Vmo YÝ` hmo`. VwH$mam_ åhUVmV
""~mobo V¡gm Mmbo Ë`mMr d§Xmdr nmD$boŸ&'' Ho$di empãXH$ ~S>~S>rbm
na_mWm©V _hÎd Zmhr. Vo g‚mZm§Zm _mÝ`hr Zmhr. ~«÷kmZr ^bm dV©UyHo$
108 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 109

nmerŸ& H$moaS>çm eãXmgr H$moU nwgoŸ&& åhUyZ g_W© åhUVmV, ""gXm
~mobÊ`mgmaIo MmbVmhoŸ&&''
Xwgè`m MaUmV, qnS> d ~«÷m§S> hm Ë`m EH$m na_mËå`mMmM {dñVma
Amho. øm AWu Ë`m§Zr AZoH$r gXm EH$ Xodm{g nmho hm MaU KmVbm Amho.
{d{dY ê$nmZo ZQ>boë`m `m g¥ï>rV àË`oH$ dñVyV Ë`mbm AmË_mam_ {XgVmo. _J
~mobUo EH$, MmbUo ^bVoM Ago R>odyZ \$gdm`Mo H$moUmbm ? Vgo H$aUo åhUOo
AmnUM ñdV:g \$g{dë`mgmaIo hmo`. ~mobÊ`mgmaIo Z MmbUmè`m§Mo _ZmV
Û¡V AgVo. _r Vy nU AgVo, B©fUm AgVo. hm YÝ` Xmg, AZw^dr kmZr
Agë`m_wio, B©ída d {díd `mg§~§Yr Ë`mMm R>m_ {ZíM` AgVmo. Xod gXmo{XV
g§MbmŸ& bmoH$s¨ ~hþ{dY Ho$bmŸ& na§Vw ~hþ{dY PmbmŸ& h| Vm| KS>oZmŸ&& (Xm. 9-
3-31) Vmo `oH$bm{M gH$im§ KQ>tŸ& H$ar {^Þ{^Þ amhmQ>rŸ& gH$i g¥ï>rMr
Jmoï>rŸ& {H$Vr åhUmoZr gm§JmdrŸ&& (Xm. 11-8-4) BVwHo$ R>m§B© nwadbmŸ& AZoH$s¨
`oH${M dV©bmŸ&& (Xm. 11-8-21) Ë`m EH$m XodmÀ`m A{Yð>mZmda gd© OJV
MmbVo, nU Vmo ñdV: gdm©hÿZ A{báM. Ed§ OJXre Vmo doJimŸ& OJ {Z_m©U
Ë`mMr H$imŸ& Vmo gdmª_Ü`o nar {ZamimŸ& AgmoZ gduŸ&& (Xm. 8-1-41)
`mà_mUo Xod hm ì`mnH$, {ZJ©wU, {ZamH$ma, A{bá Amho, Ago kmZ
AgyZhr {ZJ©wU ~«÷m doJioŸ& AdKo ^«_ê$nŸ&& _r Vy§ hm ^«_Ÿ& CnmgZm hmhr
^«_Ÿ& B©ída^md hmhr ^«_Ÿ& {ZíM`|grŸ&& (Xm. 10-6-11) ho OmUyZhr eara
Amho Vmoda gJwU gmH$ma XodmMo ^OZ Vmo H$aVmo. {ZJ©wUmMo kmZ Am{U gJwUmMo
^OZ, Ü`mZ hm Ë`mMm ~mUm AgVmo. 100 Z§~ar gmoZo Amho Ago kmZ Pmë`mda
Vo Xm{JÝ`mMo ê$nmV dmnabo åhUyZ {~KS>bo H$moR>o ? Ë`m Xm{JÝ`mbm gwdmg
Agob Va XwYmV gmIa. Ë`mà_mUo {ZJ©wUM _m`oMm Aml` H$ê$Z gJwU ~Zbo
d Ë`mbm AmH$mamMm dmg bmJbm Va {~KS>bo H$moR>o ? VÎdmbm Var ~mY H$moR>o
`oVmo ? gmoÝ`mMr bJS> Jù`mV ~m§YUonojm Ë`mMm Xm{JZmM emo^m Am{UV Zmhr
H$m ? gwI XoV Zmhr H$m ? åhUyZ {Z:g§Xohd¥ÎmrZo ^«_a{hV Ago `m XmgmMo gJwU
^OZ Mmby AgVo. H$maU {ZJ©wU VoM gJwUmV CVabo Amho, `mMr Ë`mbm ImÌr
AgVo. H$moUË`mhr ê$nmV AmË_nyOmM hmoVo, hm AZw^d Agë`mda ^«_mbm
OmJm H$moR>o ?
doXmV na_mË_ñdê$nmMm C^`ê$nmZo {ZX©oe Amho. Ûodmd ~«÷Umoê$no
_yVªM A_yVªMŸ&& (~«÷. C. 3) EH$ _yV© ñdê$n d EH$ A_yV© ñdê$n, åhUyZM
gmH$ma d {ZamH$ma, gJwU d {ZJ©wU, Aer ~«÷mMr XmoZ ê$no AmhoV. åhUyZM
lrH¥$îUm§Zr gJwUmonmgH$ d {ZJ©wUmonmgH$ Ago XmoZ àH$ma gm§{JVbo. kmZoída
_mD$br åhUVo, ""VwO gJwU åhUy H$s {ZJw©U aoŸ& gJwU {ZJw©U EH$ JmoqdXw
aoŸ&&'' ^. JrVoVrb Mm¡Ï`m AÜ`m`mVrb 6 dm ûcmoH$ - AOmo@{n gÞì``mË_m
^yVmZm{_ídamo@{n gZ²Ÿ&& `m ûcmoH$mdarb ^mî`mV kmZoída åhUVmV, - ""V¡gm
A_yV©{M _r {H$arQ>rŸ& nar àH¥$Vr O¢ A{Yð>rŸ& V¢ gmH$manUo ZQ>| ZQ>tŸ&
H$m`m©bmJtŸ&&'' (km. 4-48)
na_mË_m gmH$ma Pmbm Var Ë`mMo {ZamH$m[aËd ~m{YV hmoV Zmhr. ZmW
åhUVmV, ""{ZJ©wUmn[ag gJyU Ý`yZŸ& åhUo Vmo Ho$di _yI© OmUŸ&& VwH$mam_
åhUVmV, Aì`º$ ho AmH$maboŸ& ê$nm Ambo JwUd§VŸ&&''
doX d g§V `m§Moda JmT> {Zð>m Agbo_wio d Ë`m§Zr à{Vnm{Xboë`m Aem
na_mË_ñdê$nmMm AZw^d Agë`m_wio ^«_{Zamg hmoD$Z "gJwUr ^Oo boe Zmhr
^«_mMm' øm g_W© Cº$sà_mUo Vmo AgVmo. _J ~mobÊ`mgmaIm MmbUmam. gd©Ì
AmË_Xe©Z KoUmam, {ZJ©wU kmZ AgyZ gJwUr ^OZ amIUmam g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n
am_^º$ YÝ` Zmhr H$m` ?
Zgo A§Vat H$m_H$mar {dH$marŸ&
CXmgrZ Omo Vmngr ~«÷MmarŸ&
{Zdmbm _Zt boe Zmht V_mMmŸ&
OJt YÝ` Vmo Xmg gdm©oÎm_mMmŸ&& 50Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV `m YÝ` XmgmMm bmoH$ì`dhma d OJmH$S>o
nmhÊ`mMr Ñï>r `mMo dU©Z Ho$bo. `m ûcmoH$mV Ë`mÀ`m A§Va§JmMo dU©Z Amho.
Ë`mMo A§V:H$aUmV H$m_ qH$dm Ë`mnmgyZ CËnÞ hmoUmao {dH$ma ZgVmV.
A§V:H$aUmVrb amJm{X _{bZ {dH$mam§Mo _yi åhUOo H$m_. H$m_ åhUOo
{df`m{^bmf, {df`dmgZm, BÀN>m ZgVmhr ~bmËH$mamZo Ah§H$mamMm Aml`
H$ê$Z {df` ^moJ{dUmam d nmnmg àd¥Îm H$aUmam Vmo hm H$m_. Ë`mMoM nm`r
d¡am½`, ^º$s, lÕm BË`m{X na_mWm©bm nmofH$ Aem gmpÎdH$ d¥ÎmrMm èhmg
hmoVmo. åhUyZ kmZmo~m§Zr kmZ{ZYrMo ^wO§JŸ& ^OZ _mJuMo _m§JŸ&&
Ago - ^`mZH$ dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. na§Vw Agm hm O~aXñV H$m_hr `m XmgmMo
{MÎmmV {dH$ma CËnÞ H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr, H$maU Á`m {MÎmmV {dH$ma d¥Îmr
110 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 111

ZmXm§d`mÀ`m VoM _wir ñdê$nmH$ma Pmbobo AgVo. ñdê$nt ^aVm§ H$ënZmŸ& VoW|
H¢$Mt Caob H$m_ZmŸ& åhUmo{Z`m§ gmYwOZmŸ& H$m_{M ZmhtŸ&& (Xm. 8-9-24)
eara ajUmW© Amdí`H$ Ago Oo H$mhr Amhmam{X {df` àmaãYmZwgma
nwT>o `oVrb, Ë`m~Ôbhr Ë`mbm gwIXw:I ZgVo. ho _bm Agmdo, ho Zgmdo,
Agm Ë`mMm AmJ«h ZgVmo. H$maU AmnU earamnmgyZ doJio Amhmo hr
Ë`mbm OmUrd AgVo. åhUyZM Vmo CXmgrZ åhUOoM {Zê$nm{YH$ pñWVrV,
JwUmVrV Agm gmjrnUo dmdaVmo. CXmgrZdXmgrZmo JwU¡`m©o Z {dMmë`VoŸ&
JwUm dV©ÝVo BË`od `mo@d{Vð>{V Zo“Vo Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 14-23) CXmgrZ øm
eãXmMo AW© XmoZ. CXmg d {Zê$Ëgmhr. CXmgrZ ho d¥Îmr H$moR>o Z bmJoŸ&&
`oWo CXmgrZ åhUOo Xrnmà_mUo VQ>ñW, {Zê$nm{YH$ hm AWªM `mo½`. CXmgrZ
d¥Îmr H$moR>o Jw§S>mioZmŸ& CnmYr OS>oZm ~mhçËH$marŸ&& gwIXw:I AdñWma{hV
pñWVr, eara d B§{Ð`o `m§À`m AmH$mamZo n[aUV Pmbobo JwU {df`mH$ma
JwUmV àd¥Îm hmoVmV, IoiVmV. Hy$Q>ñW AmË_m àd¥Îm hmoV Zmhr Ago g_OyZ
AmË_ñdê$nmV a_Umam Agm hm CXmgrZ AgVmo. pñW{V ~mUVm§ ñdê$nmMrŸ&
qMVm gmo{S>br XohmMrŸ& `mH$maU| hmoUmamMrŸ& qMVm ZgoŸ&& (Xm. 8-9-
49) Agm hm Xoh^moJm~Ôb CXmgrZ Agbm Var Amier ZgVmo. Xoh `mo½`
H$m`m©W©M {POdVmo. Vmo Vmngr AgVmo. CnmgVmnmg, erVmoîU ghZ H$aUo
BË`m{XH$m§Zm Vn åhUVmV. nU Ho$di eara Šboe åhUOo Vn Zìho. Iao Vn
åhUOo ldU, _ZZ, Aä`mg BË`m{XH$m§Zr ~«÷àmárgmR>r PJS>V amhUo,
AmË_àmárgmR>r eara, B§{Ð`o, àmU {POdUo, hoM Iao Vn. V¡gm ñdê$nm{M`m
àgam - Ÿ& bmJm| àmU|{Ð`earam§Ÿ& AmQ>Ur H$aU| O|dramŸ& V|{M VnŸ&&
(km. 16-108)
hm Xmg Ogm Vmngr Vgm Vmo Z¡{ð>H$ ~«÷Mmar AgVmo. ì`dhmamV
H$m` qH$dm na_mWm©V H$m`, ~«÷M`©d«VnmbZ ho gmYogwYo d«V Zmhr. Vo H$ï>mMo
VgoM à^mdr Ago loð> d«V Amho. H$ï>mMo H$m ? H$maU Ë`mV ~aoM {Z~ªY
AmhoV. Ë`mZo nmXÌmUo dmnamd`mMr ZmhrV. eŠ` Vmo W§S> nmÊ`mZo ñZmZ
H$amd`mMo, H$m_moÔrnH$ Amhma d {dhma hm Ë`mbm dÁ`©. Ho$g dmT>dmd`mMo,
N>mZ N>moH$sbm \$mQ>m, {ñÌ`m§er H$moUË`mhr àH$mao g§nH©$ Q>mim`Mm, {ñÌ`m§Mo
{R>H$mUr EH$ _mV¥^mdM R>odm`Mm, Jwê$OZm§Mo AmkoV amhmd`mMo. OÝ_Vo{Z
àg§JoŸ& ñÌrXoh {edU| Am§JoŸ& VoWy{Z OÝ_ AmKd|Ÿ& gmo§{di| H$sOoŸ&&
(km. 17-211) \$º$ OÝ_mMo doir ñÌrXohmbm ñne©. `m gd© Jmoï>r
h„rMo ahmQ>rMo Ñï>rZo A{VH$ï>_`M ZmhrV H$m` ? nU gdm©oËH¥$ï> \$b hdo
Agob Va A{VH$ï> Ho$boM nm{hOoV. MUo Imdo bmoI§S>mMoŸ& Var ~«÷nXr
ZmMoŸ& `m d«VmMo \$bhr VgoM gdm©oËH¥$ï> Amho. H$maU EH$ ~«÷M`©d«V -
nmbZ Pmbo Va na_mWm©bm nmofH$ Aem ñdpñV, lÕm, _oYm, ~b,
Am`wamamo½` BË`m{X àmá hmoD$Z _Zwî` VoOñdr ~ZVmo. aoVmoYmoaU hoM OrdZ
hmo`. EH$ doiMo dr`© nVZ åhUOo EH$ eoa aº$mMm Zme. aoVmMm EH$ W|~
åhUOo aº$mMo Mmirg W|~ hmoV. ñÌrZo 16 df©on`ªV d nwê$fmZo 25 df©on`ªV
ho d«V nmbZ Ho$bo Va gd© earaYmVy nwï> hmoVmV. e_rH$ F$frnwÌ n[a{jVr
amOmg "Vy gmV {Xdgm§V gmn MmdyZ _aerb' Agm emn XoVmV H$m` d
Vmo Iam hmoVmo H$m` ? hm gmam A_moKdr`m©Mm à^md Amho. Aem øm
A§V~m©ø ewÕ Agboë`m XmgmÀ`m _ZmV V_mMm boehr CaV Zmhr.
V_ åhUOo AkmZ. V_ñËdkmZO§ {d{Õ _mohZ§ gd©Xo{hZm_²Ÿ& (^. Jr.
14-8) gd© Xohm§Zm _moh nmS>Umam, A{ddoH$s H$aUmam hm V_moJwU AkmZmnmgyZ
CËnÞ hmoVmo. kmZ_md¥Ë` Vw V_: à_mXo g§O`Ë`wVŸ&& hmM kmZmbm, {ddoH$mbm
AmÀN>mXyZ à_mXmV Amgº$ H$aVmo. AkmZmnmgyZ CËnÞ hmoUmè`m øm V_moJwUmMm
`m YÝ` XmgmMo {R>H$mUr boehr CaV Zmhr. H$maU Vmo ewÕ, gÎdJwUg§nÞ Pmë`m_wio
Ë`mbm AZw^dmMo àË`j kmZ Pmbobo AgVo. Ë`m_wio Vmo {Z:g§Xoh Pmbobm AgVmo.
g_mYmZmV AgVmo. g§e`a{hV kmZŸ& V|{M gmYyM| bjUŸ& {gÕmA§Jr g§e`
hrZŸ& bmJob H¢$MmŸ&& (Xm. 5-10-13)
`mà_mUo {Z[aÀN>, {Z{d©H$mar, CXmgrZ, Vmngr, ~«÷Mmar, kmZr,
g_mYmZr Agm Omo g{ƒXmZ§X lram_mMm Xmg hm YÝ` Zìho H$m` ? g_WmªMo
ñ_aU Ho$ë`mg `m gd© JwUm§Mo Xe©Z AmnUmg ImgM KS>ob.
_X| _Ëga| gm§{S>br ñdmW©~w{ÕŸ&
àn§MrH$ Zmht O`mV| Cnm{YŸ&
gXm ~mobUo Z_« dmMm gwdmMmŸ&
OJr YÝ` Vmo Xmg gdm©oÎm_mMmŸ&&51Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV `m XmgmMo {R>H$mUr dmgZm§Mo {dH$ma ZgVmV d
AkmZmMm boehr Zgë`m_wio Vmo g_mYmZ pñWVr V dmdaVmo Ago gm§{JVbo.
112 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 113

øm ûcmoH$mV Ë`m XmgmMo AmUIr JwU dU©Z Ho$bo AmhoV.
_X åhUOo VmR>m, K_|S>. H$moUmbm Vmê$Ê`_X AgVmo. H$moUmbm gm¢X`m©Mm
Va H$moUmbm ñÌrMm, H$moUmbm {dÚoMm Va H$moUmbm ~bmMm _X AgVmo. g§nÎmrÀ`m
Vmoè`mV _r H$m§hrhr H$arZ øm ^mdZobm _X åhUVmV.
_Ëga åhUOo Xwgè`mMm CËH$f© ghZ Z hmoUo. nU øm XmoÝhr {dH$mam§nmgyZ
hm Xmg _wº$ AgVmo. Amnwcm AmnU ñdmZ§XŸ& H$moUmdar H$amdm _XŸ&& VgoM
gmYy ñdê$n {Z{d©H$maŸ& VoWo| H$¢Mm {VañH$maŸ& Amnwcm AmnU _ËgaŸ& H$moUmdar
H$amdmŸ&& (Xm. 8-9-28-29)
Ë`mMo {R>H$mUr AkmZmM boehr Zgë`m_wio Vmo AÛ¡V ~moYmV Zm§XVmo.
gd©M AmË_dV² nmhUmam Agm hm loð> `moJr AgVmo. AmËå`m¡nå`oZ gd©Ì g_§
ní`{V `mo@Ow©ZŸ&& (^. Jr. 6 - 32) Agm hm AgVmo. _J Ë`mMo {R>H$mUr _X_Ëga
H$go AgVrc ? gd© AmncoM ñdê$n. _J _X_Ëga H$moUmer H$am`Mm ? gmYw
dñVw AZm`mg|Ÿ& `mH$maU| _Ëga ZgoŸ& _X_ËgamM| {ng|Ÿ& gmYwgr ZmhrŸ&&
(Xm. 8-9-30) H$moÊ`m{h OrdmMm Z KS>mo _Ëga d_© gd}œa nyOZmMoŸ&&
`mMà_mUo Ë`mcm ñdmW©~wÕr qH$dm cmo^ AgV Zmhr. AmnU åhUOo H$moUr {Zamio
ZgyZ gd© AmnUM Agm Ë`mMm ~«÷^md Agë`m_wio Amem Y[aVm§ na_mWm©MrŸ&
Xwamem VwQ>cr ñdmWm©MrŸ& åhUmoZ Z¡amí`Vm gmYyMrŸ& dmoiIUŸ&& (Xm. 8-9-
46)
Ë`mMà_mUo Ë`mcm àmn§{MH$ CnmYrhr ZgVo. g§gma d àn§M ho XmoÝhr
eãX AmnU EH$mM AWm©Zo dmnaVmo. ~m`H$mnmoao, KaXma, eoVrdmS>r BË`m{XH$mVrc
ì`dhma åhUOo àn§M qH$dm g§gma Ago AmnU g_OVmo. nU Ë`mMo ñnï> AW© WmoS>o
doJi| AmhoV. g§gma åhUOo OÝ_ _aUmMm àdmh d Vmo Á`mcm gË`ËdmZo ^mgVmoo
Vmo Ord Ago kmZmo~m§Mo åhUUo Amho. CnOUo {Z_UoŸ& ho gmM{M Oo H$m _mZUoŸ&
V`m Ord cmoHy$ _r åhUoŸ& g§gmê$hZŸ&&
àn§M åhUOo {dMmamZ| AgË` R>aUmar Xohg¥îQ>çm{X {dñVmamMr Cnm{Y.
EHo$ {R>H$mUr Agcoco YmÝ` d H$m|S>m nmIS>co åhUOo YmÝ` amhVo d H$m|S>m -
{Zê$n`moJr ^yg CSy>Z OmVmo. V¡g| {dMm[aVm§ {Zagc|Ÿ& Vo§ àn§Mw ghO| gm§S>dc|Ÿ&
_J VÎdVm VÎd Cac|Ÿ& km{Z`m§grŸ&& (km. 2 - 131)
Amncr H$¡dë`mdñWm gmoSy>Z OmJ¥Vr, ñdßZ, gwfwár, cm¡{H$H$
ì`dhma, BË`m{XH$mV nS>mdo cmJUo hm Ho$di AmËå`mMm {dñVma qH$dm
CnmYrM hmo`. nU gmYycm {ZË`m{ZË` {ddoH$mZo gd© Ñí` A{ZË` Amho.
AmnU øm gd© {dñVmamnmgyZ A{cá Amhmo `mMm AZw^d Agë`m_wio,
àn§MmH$S>o Vmo AmpñVŠ` ~wÕrZo nmhV Zmhr. {Zê$nm{YH$nUo dmdaV _mÌ
AgVmo. åhUmo{Z A{ZË`mMm§ R>m`tŸ& V`m AmpñVŠ`~w{Õ ZmhtŸ& {ZîH$f© XmohthrŸ&
Xo{Icm AgoŸ&& (km. 2 - 132)
g_W© åhUVmV, ""O|U| Ñí` Ho$c| {dg§MŸ& V`mg H$¡Mm hmo àn§MŸ&
`m H$maU| {Z:àn§MŸ& gmYw OmUmdmŸ&&'' (Xm. 8-9-32) `mgmR>r øm
ûcmoH$mV g_W© åhUVmV, ""àn§MrH$ Zmht O`mVo Cnm{Y'' nwT>rc MaUmV
Ë`mMr dmJUyH$ dU©Z Ho$cr Amho. OJmV Ë`mMo MmcUo, ~mocUo Z_«nUmMo d JmoS>
AgoM AgVo. Amnë`m ~mocÊ`mZo Ë`m {dœ§^amcm T>H$m cmJy Z`o, Ë`mcm gwIM
ìhmdo, Ë`mMr dmL²>_` nyOm ìhmdr, åhUyZ hm Xmg _Ywa ^mfUM H$aVmo. Ë`mÀ`m
^mfo{df`t g_W© åhUVmV, ""_¥XnUo O¡g| JJZŸ& V¡g| gmYyMo cúmUŸ& `mH$maU|
gmYydMZŸ& H${R>U ZmhtŸ&'' (Xm. 8-9-47)
hm ñdV:M gwIê$n Agë`m_wi| "AdKo{M gwIr Agmdo' Aer Ë`mMr
dmgZm AgVo. Xwgè`mZo ~ao ~mocco åhUOo Amnë`mcm gwI hmoVo, Ë`mMm AZw^d
haKS>r `oVmo. _J Amnë`mà_mUoM gd© OJ Aer Ë`mMr ~wÕr AgVo. ~a| ~mocVm§
gwI dmQ>V|Ÿ& h| Vm| àË`úm H$iV|Ÿ& AmË_dV namd| VoŸ& _mZrV Omd|Ÿ&& (Xm.
12-10-22) JmoS> dmUrZo cmoH$ Amncogo hmoVmV, eãX _mZVmV, Ë`m_wio cmoH$g§J«h
hmoVmo. no[ac| Vo CJdV|Ÿ& ~mocÊ`mgm[aI| CÎma `oV|Ÿ&& (Xm. 12-10-26) hm
OJmVrc Ý`m` Amho. åhUyZ g_W© åhUVmV, "àm{U_mÌmg _oidyZ ¿`mdoŸ& ~è`m
eãXoŸ&&' JmoS> Z_« ^mfm OJmcm de H$aVo. VwH$mam_ åhUVmV, ""Z_« Omcm ^yVmŸ&
VoUo H$m|{S>co AZ§VmŸ& VwH$m åhUo nmUrŸ& nmVinUo VimIUrŸ&&'' nmUr Zoh_r
_D$nUmZo Imcr dmhVo d O{_ZrV KwgVo. Ë`mà_mUo JmoS> ^mfm - Z_« ^mfm,
cmoH$m§Mo A§V:H$aUmV KwgVo d OZVm OZmX©Zmcm de H$[aVo.
_J cmo^, _X_Ëgam{X Amgward¥Îmr Á`mZo {PS>H$m[aë`m, àn§MmV
amhÿZ Á`mcm A{cáVm ~mUcr, Amnë`m Z_« dmUrZo OZVm OZmX©Zmcm
Á`mZo de Ho$co Agm {dîUw_` OJ nmhUmam g{ƒXmZ§X am_à^yMm hm
d¡îUdXmg YÝ` Zìho H$m` ?
H«$_r doi Omo VÎd{M§VmZwdmXoŸ&
Z qcno H$Xm X§^dmX| {ddmX|Ÿ&
H$ar gyIg§dmX Omo D$J_mMmŸ&
OJt YÝ` Vmo Xmg gdm}Îm_mMmŸ&&52Ÿ&&
114 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 115

`m ûcmoH$mV YÝ` XmgmMr AmUIr H$mhr cúmUo gm§{JVcr AmhoV. hm
Xmg Amncm doi VÎd qMVZmV KmcdVmo, gma H$m`, Agma H$m`, `mMo Vmo qMVZ
H$aVmo. ~«÷ ho EH$M gË` H$go Amho d Ë`mnmgyZ AÞm{XH$moe H$go {^Þ AmhoV
`mMm {Zü` H$aVmo.
OJmV àVrV hmoUmè`m {d{dY àH$maÀ`m dñVy nmhÿZ `m gdmªMo _yi H$m`
Agmdo, `mMm {dMma AZoH$ F${f_wZtZr Ho$cm Amho, nU `m VÎdm~Ôc ZmZm _Vo
H$m ? H$moU åhUVmo nmM VÎdo Va H$moUmÀ`m _Vo VrZM VÎdo. Xwgam åhUVmo gmV
VÎdo AmhoV. Ago [^Þ {^Þ {dMma H$m ? `mMo CÎma kmZmo~m§Zr h[anmR>mV {Xco
Amho. gmV nmM VrZ XeH$mMm _oimŸ& EH$ VÎd H$im Xmdr harŸ&& har ho EH$M
VÎd Iao nU Cnm{Y`moJo qH$dm ^«_m_wio Ë`m EH$mM VÎdmda AZoH$ VÎdm§Mm ^mg
hmoVmo. EH$M Xmoar nU ^«_m_wio H$moUr gmn åhUVmo, H$moUr _wir åhUVmo, H$moUmcm
^oJ Amho Agm ^mg hmoVmo. VgoM EH$mM M¡VÝ`mcm {OVŠ`m CnmYr cmdmì`m,
{VVŠ`m à_mUmV VÎdg§»`oV dmT> hmoVo. àH¥${V d nwê$f Aer XmoZM VÎdo H$moUr
_mZVmV. JwUmMo CnmYrZo H$moUr VrZ _mZVmV. n§M^yVm§Mo CnmYr_wio H$moUr nmM
_mZVmV. earamMm {dMma Ho$cm Va 25 VÎdm§Mr g§»`m hmoVo. Vo{d AmË_VÎd
EH${M OmUŸ& A{dH$mar {ZO {ZJw©UŸ& VoWo ZmZm VÎdm§Mo ì`m»`mZŸ& ~mocVr
~«m÷U _m`m`moJoŸ&& VÎdo H$moUr {H$Vrhr _mZmoV Vr gd© H$m`©ê$n AmhoV, Am{U
doXmÝV {gÕmÝV Agm Amho H$s Oo Oo H$m`© Vo {_Ï`m d Oo {_Ï`m Vo gË`
A{Yð>mZmdmMyZ ñdV§Ì amhÿ eH$V Zmhr. VwH$mam_ åhUVmV, ""EH$ {dÇ>c{M IamŸ&
`oa Vmo ngmam dmCJm{MŸ&&'' gË` A{Yð>mZ EH$ harM Amho. EH$m harê$nmV gd©
VÎdm§Mr àVr{V `oVo. `mà_mUo ñdV: VÎd{dMma H$ê$Z Vo Vmo OZmcm gm§JVmo.
H$moUr `m MaUmMm AW© VÎd_{g _hmdmŠ`mMm ñdV: {dMma H$ê$Z Ë`mMm CnXoe
Vmo OZmcm H$aVmo Agmhr H$aVmV. gmam§e, Vmo doi \w$H$Q> KmcdrV Zmhr. Ë`mcm
H$mhr H«$_ AgVmo. nwT>| ^moOZ Om{c`m§darŸ& H$mht dmMr MMm© H$arŸ& `oH$m§Vr
OmCZ {ddarŸ& ZmZm J«§WŸ&& (Xm. 11-3-22)
Ë`mMm hm VÎd{ddoH$ cmoH$mV Ah§_Ý`VoZo {_a{dÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm
dmX{ddmX H$aUogmR>r ZgVmo. AmnU \$ma _moR>o Aer Or ~wÕr hr Ah§_Ý`Vm.
Vmo _moR>onUm MìhmQ>çmda _m§S>Uo hm X§^ hmo`. ñdê$n gmúmmËH$mam_wio§ `m
Xmgmcm A{^_mZhr ZgVmo d X§^hr ZgVmo. AmnUM gd© _J _moR>onUm
H$moUr H$moUmnwT>o {_adm`Mm ? gmYy ñdê$n ñd`§^Ÿ& VoWo§ H$¡Mm Agoc
X§^Ÿ& OoWo§ Û¡VmMm Ama§^Ÿ& OmcmM ZmhtŸ&& (Xm. 8-9-31) åhUyZ Ë`mMo {R>H$mUr
X§^mMm dmX{ddmX ZgVmo.
^º$s_mJm©V dmX{ddmX ho {d¿Z hmo`, Ë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd AgVo.
åhUyZ Vmo Ë`mnmgyZ Xya AgVmo. ZmaX ^º$sgyÌmV åhUVmV, ""dmXmo Zmdc§ã`:Ÿ&
~mhþë`mdH$memX{Z`VËdmƒŸ&&'' åhUyZ dmX Ho$ìhmhr Kmcy Z`o. H$maU XmoÝhr
~mOy§Zr ~mocÊ`mcm OmJm AgVo. _moH$mQ>nUm AgVmo. {ZH$mc cmJcm Var dmX
nwÝhm KmVcm OmVmoM. eãXmZo eãX dmT>Vmo, VÎd ~mOycmM amhVo. Ya~§Y Z
am{hë`m_wio eodQ> d¡amV hmoVmo. VÎd~moY amhVmo ~mOycm d ' dmXo dmXo dY©Vo
d¡adpÝh:' hm AZw^d `oVmo. C^` númr A{^_mZ CR>Vmo d Ë`mMo n`m©dgmZ CImù`m
nmImù`mV, __©^oXH$ eãXmV hmoD$Z H$Qw>Vm CËnÞ hmoVo.
ñdg§doÚ qH$dm AZw^dê$n dñVy dmX{ddmXmZo H$er {gÕ ìhmdr ?
_mVoÀ`m ào_mMo ñdê$n H$em àH$maMo AgVo ho dmX{ddmXmZo {gÕ hmoÊ`mOmoJo Zmhr.
`mgmR>r AmB©M Pmco nm{hOo. åhUyZ hm Xmg dmX{ddmXmV nS>V Zmhr.
ñdê$nmZw^dm_wio Vmo H$moUmer H$m` åhUyZ dmX Kmcrc. ñdmZ§XmMr Md Á`mcm
_mhrV Amho Vmo Xwgam H$m` åhUVmo `mMr Mm¡H$er H$aoc H$emcm ? Amncm
AmnU ñdmZ§XŸ& H$moUmdar H$amdm _XŸ& `m H$maUo dmXdodmXŸ& VwQ>moZ JocmŸ&&
(Xm. 8-9-28) nU hm dmX{ddmX Oar Q>mirV Agcm Var {hVH$mar gwIg§dmX
_mÌ H$aVmo.
{hVH$mar gwI g§dmX H$moUVm ? XmoÝhr númm§Mo OoUoH$ê$Z g_mYmZ hmooVo
VmoM gwIg§dmX. `m g§dmXmMm {df` Var H$moUVm AgVmo ? D$J_mMm. CJ_ åhUOo
~«÷ ; M§Mc ZXr, Jwá J§Jm Aer Or _m`m {VÀ`m D$J_mMm - åhUOoM ~«÷mMm.
na~«÷mÀ`m A{Yð>mZmda _m`oMm D$J_ hmoVmo d _m`oMm àm§V Amocm§Sy>ZM VoWo nmohmoMmdo
cmJVo. `oH$ ~imMo {ZdS>coŸ& Vo nmohV{M CJ_mg JocoŸ& CJ_Xe©Z| n{dÌ OmcoŸ&
VrW©ê$nŸ&& (Xm. 11-7-10)
hm ~«÷{dMma Jwê${eî`, _w_wúmw qH$dm AZw^dr g§V `m§À`mVM _moR>m
gwImMm hmoVmo. _{ƒÎmm _X²JVàmUm ~moY`ÝV: nañna_²Ÿ& H$W`ÝVíM _m§ {ZË`§
Vwî`pÝV M a_{V MŸ&& (^. Jr. 10-9) `mda ^mî` H$aVmZm kmZoœa _hmamO
åhUVmV, ""O¡gr H$_iH${cH$m OmconU|Ÿ& öX`t{M`m _H$a§XmV| amIm| ZoU|Ÿ&
Xo am`m a§H$m nmaUoŸ& Am_moXmM|Ÿ&& (km. 10-127) _J V`m ~moYmMo{Z _mO|Ÿ&
ZmMVr g§dmXgwImMr ^moO|Ÿ& AmVm§ EH$_oH$m§ KoUo XrOoŸ& ~moY{M narŸ&&''
116 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 117

(km. 10-120) kmZmMo _XmZo àûZmoÎmaê$n MMo©À`m AmZ§XmV ào_mZo ZmMVmV d
EH$_oH$mg kmZM XoVmV d KoVmV. `m gwIg§dmXmV X§^, Ah§H$ma ZgVmo. EH$_oH$m§À`m
nma_m[W©H$ {hVmMm H$idim AgVmo. åhUyZ harê$n EH$ VÎdmMoM qMVZ H$aUmam;
X§^ dmX{ddmXmnmgyZ A{cá AgUmam ; Xwgè`mg g_mYmZ XoUmam hm g{ƒXmZ§X
lram_Xmg YÝ` Zìho H$m ? åhUyZM VwH$mam_ _hmamO XodmMr AmidUr H$aVmV.
_m{P`o OmVrMo _O ^oQ>mo H$moUrŸ& AmdS>rMr KUr \$oS>md`mŸ& AmdS>o Á`m har
A§Vamnmgy{ZŸ& Eo{g`mMo _Zr AmV© _mPo & (Jm. 2023)
gXm AmO©dr àr` Omo gd© cmoH$s¨Ÿ&
gXm gd©Xm gË` dmXr {ddoH$sŸ&
Z ~moco H$Xm {_Ï` dmMm {ÌdmMmŸ&
OJt YÝ` Vmo Xmg gdm}Îm_mMmŸ&&53Ÿ&&
_mJrc ûcmoH$m§V hm Xmg Amncm doi VËdqMVZmV H$gm KmcdVmo d
dmX{ddmXmnmgyZ Xya amhÿZ Amnë`mM OmVrMm, Amnë`mM ñd^mdmMm Omo H$moUr
^oQ>oc Ë`mÀ`mer ~«÷VÎdmMm gwIg§dmX H$gm H$aVmo, ho gm§{JVco. øm ûcmoH$mV
Ë`mÀ`m cmoH$ì`dhmamMr H$mhr kmZcúmUo gm§{JVcr AmhoV.
Û¡V~wÕr Zmhrer Pmë`m_wio d gd© h[aê$n nmhÊ`mÀ`m Aä`mgm_wio
Vmo AmO©dr åhUOo _ZmZo gai AgVmo, åhUyZ gd© cmoH$m§er Vmo AmnconUmZo
dmJVmo. gy`© Ogm gdmªZm gmaImM àH$me XoVmo, Vgm _ZmZo hm gdmªerM gai
AgVmo. Amnna^md Ë`mMo {R>H$mUr ZgVmo. lr_§V, Jar~, chmZ, Wmoa dJ¡ao ^oX
Z _mZVm hm gdmªerM ào_mZo dmJVmo. nmÊ`mà_mUo gdmªerM {_giVmo. AmB©nmgyZ
_yc Ogo H$mhr cndyZ R>o{dV Zmhr, Vgo cmoH$m§er _ZmVrc Jmoï> ~mocÊ`mg
Ë`mcm g§H$moM dmQ>V Zmhr. Ë`mMoOdi Jwá Ago H$mhr ZgVoM d H$moUm~Ôc
Ë`mcm g§e`hr ZgVmo. åhUyZ Ë`mMo ~mocÊ`mV S>mdnoM ZgVmo qH$dm dmJÊ`mV
úmwÐ~wÕr hr ZgVo. A§V:H$aU gmpËdH$ Agë`m_wio hm ào_i _ZmMm Amho
ho AmYrM g_OyZ `oVo, Am{U _J Ë`mMr {H«$`m KS>Vo. gH$i OZmgr
AmO©dŸ& Zmht {damoYmg R>mdŸ& namonH$mar doMr OrdŸ& Vmo gËdJwUŸ&&
(Xm. 2 - 7 - 64) Agm hm ào_i A§V:H$aUmMm namonH$mar Agë`m_wio
Vmo gdmªZm hdmgm dmQ>Vmo. OoW| VoW| {ZË` ZdmŸ& OZmgr dmQ>o
hm AgmdmŸ& na§Vw cmcMrMm JmodmŸ& n§S>mo{M ZoXrŸ&& (Xm. 19 - 6 - 21)
`mMo {R>H$mUr C{MV - AZw{MV, AmË_m - AZmË_m `mg§~§Yr {ddoH$
AgVmo. åhUyZ H$Q>múmmZo Vmo gË`mMo nmcZ H$aVmo. gË` `mMm Iam AW© ~«÷
AgmM Amho. gË`m naVm Zmhr Y_©Ÿ& gË` Vo{M na~«÷Ÿ& gË`mnmer nwê$fmoÎm_Ÿ&
gd© H$mi {Vð>VŸ&& (_wºo$œa)
gË` VoM emœV AgVo. OJmMm Am{X - A§V VoM Amho. gË`m_Ü`oM
^Jd§VmMo ñdê$n àH$Q> hmoV Agë`m_wio "gË`_od O`Vo' Ago åhUVmV.
^Jd§Vmcm gË`{à` AgVo. H$maU A§VamË_m hm ñdV:M gË`ê$n Agë`m_wio
Ë`mcm AgË` ê$MV Zmhr. gwn[aUm_m§H$S>o cúm XoD$Z Ho$ìhm Ho$ìhm àW_ AgË`
~mocmdo Ago gm§{JVco OmVo. amo½`mcm ~ao dmQ>mdo, c¾H$m`© Owimdo åhUyZ àg§Jr
AgË` ~mocco Var Vo úmå` Ago dmQ>Vo. ì`mdhm[aH$ Ñï>rZo H$mhr doim ho gmoB©Mo
dmQ>co Var na_mWm©V ho {ÌH$mcm~m{YV gË` Zìho. AgË` noê$Z gË` H$go
CJdUma ? {dfd¥úmmcm A_¥VmMo \$i H$moRy>Z `oUma ? `mV EH$ YmoH$m Agm Amho
H$s, ghO OmUyZ ì`dhmamW© qH$dm {dZmoXmW© ImoQ>o ~mocUo, ImoQ>m H$mJX H$aUo,
ImoQ>r gmúm XoUo, ho KS>co H$s VrM gd` cmJVo. EH$Xm _Z {ZT>m©dco H$s
AgË`mMr ^rVrM nma Zmhrer hmoVo d _Zwî`mMo AY:nVZ KS>Vo. cm¡{H$H$ OmVmo
Vmo {ZamimM.
åhUyZ na_mW© - gmYH$mZo Amnco ^mfU, AmMaU gd© ì`dhmaM
gË`mcm ñ_ê$Z H$amdm. _mÌ gË` ~mocVmZm, H$Sy> nU {hVmdh Aem Am¡fYmda
Ogo gmIaoMo H$dM AgVo, Ë`mà_mUo gË` ~mocVmZm, _¥Xw - _Ywa ^mfU R>odyZ,
H$moUmcmhr XwIdy Z`o. H$Sy> Jmoir CcQy>Z nmS>UoMm Ogm g§^d OmñV, Ë`mà_mUo
H$R>moa ^mfUmZo gË`mcm ~mY `oÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm, åhUyZ gË` d _Ywa ~mocmdo.
kmZoœa åhUVmV, ""[H§$~hþZm {à`nU|Ÿ& H$moUmVohr PH$dy§ ZoUoŸ& `WmW© Var
IwnU|Ÿ& Zmht H$dUmŸ&'' (km. 16 - 120) hm Xmg Va {ddoH$s AgVmo.
gma - Agma, {ZË` - A{ZË`, C{MV - AZw{MV ho gd© Vmo OmUVmo.
åhUyZ gd©Ì h[aê$n Ü`mZr KoD$Z Vmo OJmer Z_« hmoD$ZM gË`nUo dmJVmo d
~mocVmo, Vohr gË` d _Ywa. _J Á`mcm Ë`mcm Vmo hdmgm H$m dmQ>Uma Zmhr ?
Ë`mÀ`m gË`ËdmMr CËH$Q>Vm {Vgè`m MaUmV gm§JVmV. Vmo gË`nUo
dmJVmo d ~mocVmo. BVHo$M Zìho nU ñdßZmVhr Ë`mcm ImoQ>§ ~mocUo R>mD$H$
ZgVo. {ÌdmMm åhUOo {Zü` H$ê$Z Omo VrZ VrZXm ~mocV Zmhr. EH$XmM
~mocVmo nU Vo AJXr {Zü`mMo d H$m`_Mo. nwamUm§Var amOm h[aü§Ð ho
118 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 119

gË`mMo AJXr CËH$Q> CXmhaU Amho. ñdßZmVrc dMZhr Ë`mZo gË` Ho$co.
`m MaUmMm H$moUr AmUIr hr EH$ AW© H$aVmV. EH§$Xa dmUrMo àH$ma
Mma - CÝ_of nam ÜdZr ní`§VrŸ& ZmX _Ü`_m eãX Mm¡WrŸ& (Xm. 12- 5-8) -
nam, ní`§Vr, _Ü`_m d d¡Iar ; Oo VrZ dmUr§_YyZ `oVo Vo d¡IarZo åhUOo
_wImZo ñnï> hmoVo. d¡IarnmgyZ C_Q>VrŸ& ZmZm eãXaËZ|Ÿ&
Á`mÀ`m namdmUrV ImoQ>çmMo ñ\w$aUM hmoV Zmhr. åhUOo Oo VrZ dmUrVM
Zmhr Vo _wImVyZ ~mhoa H$go `oUma ? åhUOo Ë`mMo {R>H$mUr ImoQ>çmMo ñ\w$aUM
ZgVo. _J ImoQ>o ~mocUo H$moR>Mo ? VmËn`©, ñdßZmVhr ImoQ>o ~mocmdo Ago Ë`mcm
dmQ>V Zmhr. gai dmJUmam, gË` nU {à` ~mocUmam, ñdßZmVhr ImoQ>o Z ~mocUmam,
gdmªZm hdmgm dmQ>Umam Agm hm g{ƒXmZ§X lram_mMm Xmg YÝ` Zìho H$m ?
gXm go{d AmaÊ` Vmê$Ê`H$mitŸ&
{_ioZm H$Xm H$ënZoMo{Z _oitŸ&
MioZm _Zt {ZíM`mo ÑT> Á`mMmŸ&
OJt YÝ` Vmo Xmg gdm}Îm_mMmŸ&&54Ÿ&&
_mJrc ûcmoH$mV cm¡{H$H$ ì`dhma gm§{JVcm. `m ûcmoH$mV dZmVrc
{dhmam{df`r gm§{JVco Amho. g_WmªZm ñdV:cmM AaÊ`mVrc dmñVì`mMr
AË`§V AmdS>. CXmgrZ Omo Vmngt ~«÷mMmar VgoM n«n§MrH$ Zmht O`mVo
Cnm{Y ho nyduÀ`m ûcmoH$mVyZ Amcoco MaU d hm ûcmoH$ åhUOo g_WmªMo AmË_M[aÌM
hmo`.
lram_mMm Xmg Amnco Vmê$Ê` gd©H$mi AaÊ`godZmV KmcdVmo.
Vmê$Ê`H$mir dZdmg nËH$aUo hr gmonr Jmoï> Zmhr. Ë`mcm nyd©nwÊ`mB©M
cmJVo. Vmo H$mc åhUOo {df`, {dcmg ^moJ ^moJÊ`mMm, CÝ_ÎmnUmMm, nU
Aem H$mimVhr H$mhr EH$ Cƒ Ü`o` S>moù`mnwT>o R>odyZ EH$m§V godZ H$amdm
Ago dmQ>Uo, ho Vrd« d¡am½`m{edm` KS>V Zmhr. B©ídam drU H$m§hrŸ&
AmUrH$ cmhUo{M Zmhr Aer Á`mMr d¥Îmr AgVo. åhUOo B©ídaàmár
hoM Á`mMo CËH$Q> Ü`o` AgVo VmoM AaÊ`dmg nËH$ê$ eH$Vmo d Vmohr
Vmê$Ê`mV. H$maU VoWo {MÎmmMr EH$mJ«Vm hmoD$ eH$Vo. ~«÷m§S>mg§~§Yr gmamgma,
qnS>mg§~§Yr {ZË`m{ZË` Aer {dMmamMr MmiUm hmoVo d kmZàmár hmoVo.
MmiUm H$amdr gd}Ÿ& EH$m§Vr amhmVm ~aoŸ& EH$m§V _mZcm Á`mcmŸ& Ë`mcm gmYo
hiyhiyŸ&& (ñ\w$. à. 14.3) O`mgr EH$m§V _mZdcmŸ& gdm© AmYr H$io Ë`mcmŸ&&
cmoH$ì`dhmamV åhUOo ZJamV am{hë`mZo _YyZ_YyZ {MÎm{dúmon hmoVmo.
ZmZm ñd^mdmMo cmoH$m§Zm Vm|S> Úmdo cmJVo. g§dmX dodmX hmoVmŸ& dodmXo `wÕ
hmoVgoŸ& åhUmoZr cmoH$ gmoS>mdoŸ& AmaÊ` Y[aVm ~aoŸ&& (ñ\w$Q>. à. 14-10)
ho AaÊ` godZ Vmê$Ê`mVM ìhmd`mg hdo. JmÌo J{cV Pmë`mZ§Va,
~wÕr_m§Ú Amë`mda, åhmVmanUr Ooìhm J¥hmVrc dmñVì` gwImMo hmoV Zmhr, VoWo
H$ï>mMm AaÊ`dmg d kmZmW© EH$mJ« Aä`mg H$gm nadS>oc ? N>m§Xmo½`. Cn{ZfXmV
AaÊ`dmgmcm ~«÷M`©M åhQ>co Amho. `XaÊ`m`Zm{_Ë`m§Múmo-~«÷M`©_odVV²Ÿ&&
Agm hm loð> AaÊ`dmg d¥ÕnUr H$moRy>Z hmoUma ? AaÊ`dmg ~mOycm amhÿ Xo nU
EImXm Vê$U KarM H$mhr na_mW© gmYZ H$ê$ cmJcm Va AmB©~mnM Ë`mcm åhUVmV,
""Aao ~mù`m, øm d`mV ho H$m` Ama§^co Amhog ? åhmVmanUr H$a VwPo ho har
har''. g_W© åhUVmV, ""XohmMm ^d©gm ZmhrŸ& Vmê$Ê` MiVo OZrŸ& d¥Õm{n
{dQ>§~o H$m`mŸ& ê$n {dÐyn hmoVgoŸ&&'' (ñ\w$.) _aU Ho$ìhm `oB©c ho H$moUmcmM
R>mD$H$ ZgVo. ~ao, OJcm, Vê$U Pmcm, Var cm¡{H$H$mV nm` H$moR>o Kgaoc `mMm
Zo_ Zmhr. åhmVmanUr Ooìhm eara {dÐÿn hmoVo, B§{Ð`o YS> ZgVmV, Voìhm na_mW©
YS> H$moR>Mm ? Eogo ho Xw:I d¥ÕmnrŸ& H$ico nm{hOo OZmŸ& naÌ gmYUo AmYrŸ&
Vmê$UrM CR>m CR>rŸ&& (ñ\w$.) Á`mcm naÌ gmYmd`mMo Vmo BVa H$ënZm§À`m ZmXr
cmJoc H$gm ?
Vmo {df` H$ënZoÀ`m KmoQ>mù`mV nS>V Zmhr d gmnS>Vhr Zmhr. Ë`mMr
gd© d¥Îmr ~«÷qMVZmV Jw§Vcocr AgVo. `mMmM AW© EH$mÝV, {eî`m EH$m§Vr ~¡gmdo§Ÿ&
ñdê$nt {dlm§Vrg Omd|Ÿ&& (Xm. 5-6-58) ñdñdê$n qMVZmV Á`mMo {MÎm
{Z_¾ Pmco, Ë`m {MÎmmV Eoíd`©, A{YH$ma, cm¡{H$H$ BË`m{X AÝ` {df`mg§~§Yr
H$ënZm CR>Uma H$em ? {df`Xe©Zm_wio dmgZm§Mo Omù`mV gmnSy> Z`o åhUyZ Ë`mZo
Vmê$Ê`mV AaÊ`dmg nËH$acocm AgVmo.
H$mhtÀ`mH$Sy>Z `m MaUmV Oam doJim {dMma _m§S>cm OmVmo. øm
g{ƒXmZ§X lram_mÀ`m XmgmMo {Z{üV ñdê$n d ñd^md AÝ` H$moUmcm
AmH$cZM hmoV Zmhr. åhUOo gm_mÝ` _mUgmMo H$ënZoMo Q>ßß`m§V Z `oUmao
Ago Vo H$ënZmVrV ñdê$n AgVo. gmYyM \$º$ gmYyg AmoiIoc, AÝ`
H$moUr Zmhr, `m AWm©Mo nwîQ>çW© AmYmahr AmhoV. Ed§ H${ënVm§ H$ënoZmŸ& Zm
V{H©$Vm{h VH}$ZmŸ& H$Xm{n ^m{dVm§ ^mdoZmŸ& `moJoœaŸ&& (Xm. 11-10-13)
120 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 121

cmoH$ g§H$ën {dH$ën H$[aVrŸ& Vo AdKo{M {Z\©$i hmoVrŸ& OZmMr OZm cmOdr
d¥{ÎmŸ& Voìhm§ `moJoídaŸ&& (15) nU hm AW© WmoS>m XyaMm dmQ>Vmo. H$maU `m MaUmV
`moJoídamMo _hÎd Jm¡U Amho. Vmê$Ê`mV ñdrH$macoë`m AaÊ`dmgmMo _hÎd Xe©dUo
hm àYmZ hoVy Amho. VWm{n am_Xmgm§Mr YÝ`Vm Xe©{dUmam hm ûcmoH$ Agco_wio
XmoÝhr {dMma ~amo~aM AmhoV.
nwT>À`m MaUmV g_W© Ë`m§À`m ÑT> {ZíM`m~Ôc gm§JVmV. EH$mÝV^º$s
H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm {ZíM` àmn§{MH$ {dMmamZo T>iV Zmhr. ~«÷m§S> H$mogico Var
am_ê$nmdê$Z Ë`mMo gmpËdH$ {MÎm T>iV Zmhr. Agm Vmo ~oJw_mZnUo AaÊ`mV
dmdaVmo. Á`mMo Ym[aîQ>ç MioZmŸ& Vmo gËd JwUŸ&& (Xm. 2-7-59)
Ym[aîQ>ç H$moUVo d H$emgmR>r ? {dQ>§~mo eara hmoV H$m {dnÎmrŸ& nar amhmo
{MÎmr Zmam`UŸ& VwH$m åhUo Zm{ed§V ho gH$iŸ& AmR>dr Jmonmi Vo{M
{hVŸ&&
AaÊ`dmg hr gmYr Jmoï> Zmhr. Ordmda CXma hmoD$Z AaÊ`dmg
nËH$mamdm cmJVmo. {ZO©Z àXoemV nmoQ>mcm H$m` {_iVrc Vr \$io Im`Mr. ì`mK«
gnm©{XH$m§Mo Vo _mhoaKaM. AemV A§YmamV dmdam`Mo, dZmVrc ganUmda gd©
^mJdm`Mo. dmam, W§S>r, D$Z, nmD$g Aem {~H$Q> n[a{ñWVrV am̧{Xdg Zm§Xm`Mo,
ho ÑT> {Zü` d Ym[aîQ>ç Agë`m{edm` hmoV Zmhr. na_oœaqMVZ hoM Amnco
{hV. VmoM Amncm nmR>ramIm, dmcr, Aer ÑT> lÕm Agmdr cmJVo. eaUmJVmgr
Xod OmcmŸ& dO«n§Oê$Ÿ&& Aer {Zð>m Agmdr cmJVo.
CXmÎm Ü`o` gmYrV AgVm doir àmU Jocm Var ndm© Zmhr, Aem
{ZíM`mMm _Zwî`M AaÊ`dmg nËH$ê$ eH$Vmo. XodmÀ`m g»`ËdmgmR>r§Ÿ& nS>mì`m
{OdcJm§gr VwQ>rŸ& gd© Anm©d| godQ>rŸ& àmU Vmohr doMmdmŸ&& (Xm. 4 - 8 - 8)
Ago YmS>g Agoc VmoM AaÊ`dmg nËH$aoc. Xodm{edm` {MÎmmV Xwgam {df`
Zmhr d Ë`mMo àmárgmR>r Vmê$Ê`mVhr AaÊ`godZ H$ê$Z àmUmda nmUr gmoS>Umam,
hm Xmg YÝ` Zìho H$m ?
Zgo _mZgt Zï> Amem XwamemŸ&
dgo A§Var ào_nmem {nnmemŸ&
F$Ur Xod hm ^{º$^md| O`mMmŸ&
OJt YÝ` Vmo Xmg gdm}Îm_mMm &&55Ÿ&&
hm Xmg Vmê$Ê`mVM AaÊ`godZ H$ê$Z, H$ënZoÀ`m Omù`mV Z
gmnS>Vm ÑT> {ZíM`mZo VoWo H$gm dmdaVmo ho _mJrc ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVco.
BVHo$ Vrd« d¡am½` Ë`mMo {R>H$mUr H$em_wio AgVo Vo `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
Ë`mMo _ZmV Zï> Amem, Xwamem ZgVo. Xwamem åhUOo ZgVr Amem.
Ameo_Ü`o {df`c§nQ>Vm d ñdmW©~wÕr AgVo d {Vcm H$m_H«$moYm{X fS²>[any§Mo
nmR>~i AgVo. hr àË`úm ImXmS> {^H$marU Amho. {VMr V¥ár H$oìhmM hmoV
Zmhr. ñdJ©, _¥Ë`y, nmVmi {VÝhr cmoH$m§Zm {VZo ì`m{nco Amho. {VMo g§JVrZo
Xw:IM nXar `oVo. Amem{h na_§ Xw:I§ {Zamem na_§ gwI_²Ÿ& åhUyZ {Vcm Zï>
åhQ>co Amho. Amgwar g§nÎmrMo ho EH$ loð> cúmU Amho. Amemnme eV¡~©Õm:
H$m_ H«$moYnam`U:Ÿ& Amem hoM _wir eoH$S>mo nme. {VZoM àmn§{MH$ ~Õ hmoVmo,
{hÀ`mnmgyZ {dewÕ _ZmMm `moJrM _wº$ AgVmo. åhUyZ hm Xmg {Z[aÀN> AgVmo.
earaYmaUogmR>r Oo nwT>o `oB©c VodT>çmda {Zdm©h. H$mhr ZM Amco Va ? >PmS>|
dmoanmo{Z ImD${Z`m nmcmŸ& AmR>dr {dÇ>cm doimodoimŸ& cmoH$_mZ
d_Zmg_mZ _mZU|Ÿ& EH$m§Vr amhU| {dR>mogmR>tŸ& Eogm hm {ZYm©a H$ar
Omo _ZmMmŸ& VwH$m åhUo Ë`mMm nm§J {\$Q>oŸ&& (Jm. 3710) BVH$m Omo
{Z:ñdmWu Am{U {Z[aÀN> Vmo Zï> AmeoV H$gm gmnS>oc ? Ë`mMo {R>H$mUrhr Xwï>
Amem ZgVo. _mZdmcm `mo½` Agm Bï> Amemnme AgVmo Vmo H$moUVm ? hm àý
_ZmV `oVmo. Xwgè`m MaUmV g_W© åhUVmV, dgo A§Var ào_ nmem {nnmemŸ&
{nnmem åhUOo V¥îUm, VhmZ hm Xmg ^JdËào_m~Ôc VmhZocm AgVmo.
Xodm~ÔcÀ`m {ZVm§V d {ZîH$m_ ào_m_wio Ë`mcm XodmÀ`m Xe©ZmMr VhmZ AgVo.
XmgmÀ`m øm d¥Îmr~Ôc g_W© åhUVmV, ""_mPo gd© Omdo XodmZo ahmdoŸ&
Xodmgr nhmdo ^º$nUoŸ&&'' XodmMo Xe©Z ìhmdo d ñdê$nmV ào_mZo Jw§J hmoD$Z
amhmdo `odT>mM Ë`mMm Bï> Amemnme AgVmo. g§Vm§Mo Ü`o`, g§Vm§Mr Vi_i,
Ë`m§Mm Amemnme. hm EdT>m EH$M AgVmo. gJwUñdén gmjmËH$mamMr V¥îUm
hmM Vmo Amemnmem. H$m` VwPooo§ doMo _O ^oQ>mo XoVmŸ& dMZ ~mocVm§ EH$ XmoZŸ&
H$m` VwP| Amåhm H$amdo d¡Hw§$R>Ÿ& ^odm| ZH$mo ^oQ> AmVm§ _OŸ& VwH$m åhUo VwPr
ZcJo XgmoS>rŸ& nar Amho AmdS>r Xe©ZmMrŸ& (Jm. 1348) `m {ZîH$m_ ào_mV
_mJUr Va H$mhr ZmhrM, nU CcQ> ào_mMr XoUJr ^º$ XoVmo. XodmMo MaU JhmU
Agco_wio ^º$mÀ`m nmemVyZ Vmo gwQ>V Zmhr. Ë`mcm ào_mMo ì`mO ÚmdoM cmJVo.
VwH$mam_ åhUVmV, ""^º$s F$U KoVco _mPoŸ& MaU JhmU AmhoV VwPoŸ& ào_
ì`mO XoB© harŸ& _mPm {heo~ cdH$ar H$arŸ&&'' `m ^º$s_wio Xod ghOM
122 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 123

F$Ur hmoVmo. amOmH$S>o H$m§hr _mJUrgmR>r Joco H$s ^oQ> cm§~Vo, nU ZOamUm Zocm
H$s ^oQ> cJoM hmoVo. VgoM øm {ZîH$m_ ^º$sV Amho. H$m_ZooZo \$i {_iVo nU
{ZîH$m_ ào_mZo Xod {_iVmo. gH$m_ d {ZîH$m_ ^OZmV `odT>o O_rZ - Añ_mZmMo
A§Va Amho. H$mhrM _mJUr Zgë`m_wio cmMmar Zmhr. CcQ> gm_Ï`© dmT>Vo.
{Z:H$m_ ^OZmMo \$i AmJi|Ÿ& gm_Ï`© MT>o _`m©XodoJioŸ& VoW| ~mnwS>r
\$i|Ÿ& H$moUrH$S>oŸ&& (Xm. 10-7-22) {Z:H$m_ ~wÕr{M`m ^OZmŸ& Ì¡cmoH$s¨
Zmht VwiUmŸ&& (Xm. 10-7-19) `m ^º$mcm Xwï> H$m_Zm H$moUVr ZgVoM.
Xodmda {ZîH$m_ ào_ H$amdo `odT>rM Ë`mMr BÀN>m AgVo. åhUwZ _mPo {Z H$m_o
gH$m_Ÿ& _mPo {Z ào_o gào_Ÿ&& Ago ^Jd§V åhUVmV.
Amnë`mV ào_^md AgVmo, nU Vmo àn§MmMm, ZmË`mJmoË`mMm, Bï>
{_ÌmMm, ho ào_ ñdmWu AgVo. Xodmdarc ào_mV ñdmW© ZgVmo. H$maU AmnU
XodmMoM A§e AmhmoV. Ah_mË_m JwS>mHo$e gd©^yVme`{ñWV:Ÿ& (^. Jr. 10-
20) Xodmdarc ào_ åhUOo Amnco AmnUmdaM ào_ hmo`. VoWo H$m_Zm H$emMr ?
nU ho H$iV Zgë`m_wio AmnU Xodmda ào_ Z H$aVm Xohmda ào_ H$[aVmo d åhUyZ
Zmed§V hmoVmo. XodmMo ewÕ ñdê$n ào_ hoM hmo` d ^º$mMo nyU©Ëdhr ào_mVM
AgVo. Xod^º$m§Mm Iam EH$m§Vhr ào_mVM, Aem `m {ZîH$m_ ào_m_wio Û¡V^md
_mdiVmo. {OVHo$ {OVHo$ JmT> ào_ {VVH$m {VVH$m naHo$nUm XwamdVmo. OrdíM
H§$R>íM ñZohr, n{V - nËZr `m§Mo ~m~VrV AmnU hm AZw^d KoVmo. Xod Oa
OrdíM H§$R>íM ñZohr Pmcm Va H$m` hmoUma Zmhr ? g_W© åhUVmV, ""^º|$
O| _Zt YamdoŸ& V| Xod| AmnU{M H$amd|Ÿ& VoWo§ doJi| ^mdmd|Ÿ& ZcJo
H$XmŸ&&'' (Xm. 10 - 7 - 23)
`m nañna ào_m_wio Or XodmMr BÀN>m VrM ^º$mMr d Or ^º$mMr VrM
XodmMr Ago hmoVo. `m_wio ^º$gm_Ï`© dmT>V OmVo. XmoÝhr gm_Ï`o© EH$
hmoVm§Ÿ& H$mimgr ZmQ>mono gd©WmŸ& (Xm. 10-8-24) àmaãYmV _yc Zmhr
Ago EH$mZo gm§{JVco AgVm Ho$di ^º$_wImZo Cƒma Pmë`m_wio _wcJm Pmcm.
B©ídar H¥$noZo gm_Ï`© dmT>Vo. `m ^º$mMo ào_hr VgoM Mmcy AgVo. gd© Ocg§nÎmr
KoD$Z ^mJraWr Á`mà_mUo g_wÐmcm {_iyZM amhmVo. V¡go§ gd© ^mag§^maoŸ&
Z YaV ào_ EH$ga|Ÿ& _O_mOr g§MaoŸ& _r{M hmoD$ZŸ&& (km. 11-688) `m
ào_i d {ZîH$m_ ^º$s_wio Xod Ë`m ^º$mMm F$Ur hmoVmo. Vmo H$gm ? `mMm
ñdmZw^d g_W© gm§JVmV, ""Am_wMo Hw$it aKwZmWŸ& aKwZmW| Am_wMm na_mW©Ÿ&
Omo g_Wm©Mm{h g_W©Ÿ& Xodm§ gmoS>{dVmŸ&& H$ar XwO©Zm§Mm g§ìhmaŸ&
^º$OZm{g AmYmaŸ& Eogm hm Vm| M_ËH$maŸ& amoH$S>m MmcoŸ&Ÿ&'' (Xm.
6-7-21-29)
_Zr Yamd| V| hmoVoŸ& {d¿Z AdKo{M ZmgmoZ OmVoŸ&& aKwZmW ^OZ| kmZ
Omb|Ÿ& aKwZmW ^OZo _hÎd dmT>coŸ&& gH$i {_Ï`m hmodyZ OmV|Ÿ& ho am_ ^OZo
H$imo `oVoŸ&& (Xm. 6-7 _Yrc 21 Vo 43)
Ho$di {ZîH$m_ ^OZmZo Á`mZo `mà_mUo Xod F$Ur Ho$cm Vmo
lram_mMm Xmg YÝ` Zìho H$m ?
H$mhr nmR>mV "Zgo A§Var ào_ nmem {nnmem' Aer Amoi Amho. hm Xmg
{df` ào_nmem§V qH$dm _m{`H$ ào_mV gmnS>V Zmhr. {df` Vmo Ë`m§Mm
Pmcm Zmam`U Ë`m_wio gd©Ì Vmo am_ê$nM nmhmVmo. åhUyZ Xod F$Ur hmoVmo.
{XZmMm X`miy _ZmMm _dmiyŸ&
ñZohmiy H¥$nmiy OZt Xmg nmiyŸ&
V`m A§Var H«$moY g§Vmn H$¡§MmŸ&
OJt YÝ` Vmo Xmg gdm}Îm_mMmŸ&&56Ÿ&Ÿ&
øm ûcmoH$mZo g_mamon Ho$cm Amho. _mJrc ûcmoH$mV `m XmgmMo {R>H$mUr
Zï> Amem, Xwamem ZgVo d Vmo d¡am½`g§nÞ Agë`m_wio, Ë`mcm Ho$di
AmË_gmúmmËH$mamMr V¥îUmM AgVo Ago gm§{JVco. Vr V¥îUm gmpËdH$
AÝV:H$aUm_Ü`oM AmT>iVo. `oH$m ^Jd§VmH$maUoŸ& gd© gwI gmo{S>c| OoU|Ÿ& Ho$co
XohmMo gm§S>UoŸ& Vmo gËdJwUŸ&Ÿ& (Xm. 2-7-58)
`m ûcmoH$mV øm XmgmMo A§V:H$aU gd© àH$mao H$go ewÕ d ào_i AgVo
`mMo dU©Z Ho$coco Amho. na_mW© hm ewÕ {MÎmm{edm` H$iV Zmhr. X¡dr g§nÎmr{edm`
_moúm Zmhr. åhUyZ X¡dr d Amgwar g§nÎmrMr \$clwVr ^Jd§Vm§Zr AOw©Zmg gm§{JVcr
d Vy X¡dr g§nÎmrZo `wº$ Amhog, qMVm H$ê$ ZH$mog Ago gm§{JVco. X¡dr
g§nX²{d_moúmm` {Z~ÝYm`mgwar _VmŸ& _m ewM: g§nX§ X¡dr_{^OmVmo@{g nm§S>dŸ&&
(^. Jr. 16-5) åhUyZ X¡dr g§nÎmrVrc X`m ^yVofw d _mX©d ho JwU øm XmgmMo
{R>H$mUr H$go AgVmV, `mMo øm ûcmoH$mV {ddoMZ Amho.
XrZ åhUOo Aghm`, Xw:Ir - H$ï>r, g§H$Q>J«ñV. Aem H$moUmH$S>ohr
nmhÿZ `m Xmgmcm H$idim `oVmo d Ë`mMo Xw:I {ZdmaUmW© Vmo PQ>Vmo. Ho$di
AÝV:H$aUmcm dmB©Q> dmQy>Z "Aaoao' åhUyZ ñdñW ~gUo hr X`m Zìho.
124 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 125

H$idù`m~amo~aM nr{S>Vm§Mo Xw:I {ZdmaUmW© H¥$Vr nm{hOo. "X`m {VMo Zmd ^yVm§Mo
nmbZŸ& Am{UH$ {ZX©iU H§$Q>H$m§MoŸ&& (VwH$mam_) H$moUmMohr g§H$Q>mnmgyZ g§ajU
Ho$bo nm{hOo d Á`m_wio Vo CËnÝZ Pmbo Vo H$maUhr Zï> Ho$bo nm{hOo. X`oMo Xwgao
bjU åhUOo Vr gdm©~Ôb gmaIr Agbr nm{hOo. X`m H$aUo Oo nwÌmgrŸ&
Vo{M Xmgm Am{U XmgrŸ&& ñdH$s`m~Ôb AÝV:H$aUmV gmh{OH$M H$idim
`oVmo d Xw:I {ZdmaUmW© _Zwî` PQ>Vmo. nU naH$s`m§~Ôb Vmo ñdñW amhVmo. hr X`m
Zìho ho _mPo åhQ>bo Ë`mdarb __Ëd hmo`. nyU©M§Ð Ogm gdmªZm g_mYmZ XoD$Z em§V
H$[aVmo, V¡go Xw:{IVm§M| {eUU|Ÿ&& {haVm§ gH$UdnU|Ÿ& CÎm_mY_ Z|UoŸ& {dd§My§
JmŸ& (km. 16-155) Xw:I {Xgbo H$s _J Vo H$moUmMohr Agmo, lr_§V-Jar~,
kmZr-AkmZr Amnna bjmV Z KoVm, Vo haU H$aUo hr X`m hmo`. EH$Ord hmoUo ho
{VMo bjU Amho. åhUyZ Aer X`m AÛ¡VmZw^dr g§Vm§Mo {R>H$mUrM AgVo. X`m ho
Va Ë`m§À`m na_mWm©Mo ^m§S>dbM. ho ^m§S>db IM© hmoV AgVm Vo ñdXohmdahr
CXma hmoVmV. ^yVm§Mr X`m ho ^m§S>db g§VmŸ& Amnw{b`m __Vm Zmhr XohrŸ&&
OJmV nmÊ`mgmaIr dñVy ñdV: Zmhrer hmoVo nU JdVmÀ`mhr OmV Agboë`m
Or{dVmMo ajU H$[aVo. V¡g| nw{T>bmMo{Z Vmn|Ÿ& H$idi{b`o H¥$noŸ& gd©ñdogt
{XYb| AmnU noŸ& Var WmoS>o{M J_oŸ&& (km. 16-157) nr{S>Vm§Mo Xw:I {ZdmaUmW©
Ë`mZo gd©ñd Oar {Xbo Var Vo Ë`mbm WmoS>o dmQ>Vo. H$maU Ogo AmnU Vgm Xwgam.
_bm Xw:I ZH$mo Vgo Vo Xwgè`mghr ZH$mo, Aer loð> AmË_¡Š` ^mdZm Ë`mMo {R>H$mUr
AgVo. am_mMm Xmg `mà_mUo XrZmMm X`miy AgVmo. Ogm X`miy Vgm _ZmMm hr
_dmiy åhUOo H$mo_b AgVmo. _ZmMo H$mo_bËd Á`mMo Ë`mg R>mD$H$ AgVo Vo
eãXmZo H$go gm§Jmdo ? kmZmo~m åhUVmV `m H$mo_b AÝV:H$aUmbm Amåhr H$mnamMr
Cn_m {Xbr AgVr. ñne} A{V_¥XwŸ& _wIt KoVm§ gwñdmXwŸ& K«mUm{g gwJ§YwŸ&
COmiy Am§J|Ÿ&& (km. 16-171) Ë`mMo ñne©, ê$n, ag, J§Y ho gd©M H$mo_b,
gwImdh nU Vmo dmQ>ob VodT>m KoVbm Va Anm` H$aVmo. åhUyZ `m Cn_obm `mo½`
Zmhr. `m XmgmMo _dmiynU Ago {Zê$n_ AgVo. kmZmo~m§Mo eãXmV gm§Jm`Mo
Pmë`mg "Vmo hiydma _ZmMm Agë`mZo ^yV _mÌmer Ë`mMr dmJUyH$ A{V
H$mo_b AgVo.' åhUyZ Vmo OJmMm Ord ~ZyZ OmVmo.
VgmM Vmo ñZohmiy AgVmo. ñZohmiy åhUOo gwöX. à{V CnH$mamMr
Anojm Z H$aVm ^yV_mÌmda ào_ H$aUmam AgVmo. H$maU AmË_¡Š` ^mdm_wio
Vmo OJ{_Ì AgVmo. Xodm§À`m g§~§Yo {dídMr gmoBao, Aer Ë`mMr ^mdZm AgVo.
Vmo H¥$nmiyhr AgVmo. åhUOo nr{S>Vm~Ôb Ë`mMo {MÎm ÐdVo, Ë`mbm H$ê$Um
`oVo. Zdb H¥$nmiyËdmM| {MÎmŸ& OrdmMm Ord Ordr ñ`wVŸ& Xw:I hamo{Z gwI
XoVŸ& H¥$nm AX²^yV `mnarŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 11-833) Agm OJm~Ôb Omo ñZohmiy,
H¥$nmiy Vmo, XodmMo O| ^ŠV, Xmg Ë`m§Mo g§H$Q>mV ajU H$m H$aUma Zmhr ? harMo Oo
Xmg Vo Ë`mMo Xod ~§Yy _J Ë`m§Mo nmbZ hm H$gm H$aUma Zmhr ? `oWo Xmg nmiy `mMm
AW© H$mhtÀ`m _Vo {Zamim Amho. _r na_oídamMm Xmg Amho. hr ^mdZm Ro>dyZ hm
Xmñ`ËdmMo ajU H$[aVmo. åhUOo kmZmZo AÛ¡VmZw^d Ambm Var eara Amho Vmoda Vy
Xod, _r `m Û¡VmV Vmo dmJVmo. nU AmoKmbm AZwgê$Z n{hbm AW©M ~am dmQ>Vmo.
Xw~©i Omo H$m§ ^JdX^²ŠVŸ& Ë`mgr g§ajr Omo YZd§VŸ& VoUo Vwï>bm ^Jd§VŸ&
Ë`mV| CÕarV ^ŠVmAmYtŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 23-399) {XZH$a Jmogmdr åhUVmV,
""am_Xmg Xmgm gm§^m{iVmo H¡$gmŸ& Ord àmU O¡gm V¡gm nmhoŸ&&'' Ord Ogm
àmUmbm OnVmo Vgm hm am_Xmg BVa Xmgm§Zm OnVmo Agm hm Xmg X`miy, _m`miy,
ñZohmiy, H¥$nmiy d Xmgnmiy Agë`m_wio Ë`mMo {R>H$mUr amJrQ>nUm H$gm AgUma
d Vmo H$moUmda g§VmnUma ?
na nrS>oMo dmho Xw:IŸ& na g§VmofmMo gwIŸ&& Agm hm Xmg amJrQ>
g§Vmnr Agob H$gm ? Vmo AmË_kmZr Agë`m_wio OoWo Zmht Xwgar narŸ& H«$moY
`mdm H$moUmdarŸ& H«$moYa{hV gMamMatŸ& gmYyOZ dV©VrŸ&& (Xm. 8-9-
27)
`mda EImXm {M{H$ËgH$ e§H$m KoD$ eHo$b. lr_§V Agmo, Jar~
Agmo, kmZr Agmo, AkmZr Agmo, Á`mMo Ë`mMo ^moJ nyd©H$_m©Zwgma
hmoVmV. Vo ^moJ ^moJyZ g§nbo nm{hOoV. _J X`m H¥$nm XmIdyZ Ë`m ^moJm§Mo
nm[anË` H$aUo, n[ahma H$aUo, ho \$b {Z_m©U H$aUmè`m B©ídambm {damoY
H$aÊ`mgmaIo Zmhr H$m` ? Á`mMo Ë`mbm \$b^moJ ^moJy Úmdo, X`m XmI{dUo
AZw{MV Zmhr H$m` ? `mMo CÎma Ago H$s Á`m B©ídamZo ^moJ {Z{_©bo, Ë`mZoM
gwQ>Ho$Mo Cnm`hr `mo{Obo AmhoV. \$bàmßVr hr B©ídamYrZ Agbr Var _Zwî`mbm
H$V©ì`hr B©ídamZoM gm§{JVbo Amho. åhUyZ Ë`mMr Amkm à_mU _mZyZM dmJmdo.
B©ídamkm nmhmoOmVmŸ& ^yV _mÌt gX`VmŸ& Xw:{IVm H$maUo {deofV:Ÿ&
AhmoamÌ H$ï>mdoŸ&& (Zm. ^. gy. 78-1031) åhUyZ H$m`m dmMm _Zo H$ê$Z
Xw:I {ZdmaU H$amdo. Ë`mZo B©ída g§Vwï> hmoVmo. X`m, _mX©d, H¥$nm hr
gm_mÝ` bjUo ZmhrV. ^ŠVrZo B©ída-H¥$nm Pmë`m{edm` Vr AgmÜ`
AmhoV. Xwgè`mMo Xw:Io Xw:Ir hmoUoŸ& qH$dm BVam§Mo gwIo g§Vmof nmdUoŸ& hr
126 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 127

gm_mÝ` Zìho{V bjUoŸ& AgmÜ` B©ídar H¥$no{dUŸ&& Ë`mMm namonH$ma B©ídar
Amkm `m ^mdZoZo hmoVmo. Agm hm {Zah§H$mar, X`miy, H¥$nmiy, _dmiw,
em§V{MÎm, lr gpƒXmZ§X am_mMm Xmg YÝ` Zìho H$m ?
OJt hmoB©Oo YÝ` `m am_Zm_oŸ&
{H«$`m ^{ŠV D$nmgZm {ZË`Zo_|Ÿ&
CXmgrZVm VÎdVm gma AmhoŸ&
gXm gd©Xm _moH$ir d¥Îmr amhoŸ&&57Ÿ&&
Joë`m Xhm ûcmoH$m§V lr g{ƒXmZ§X à^y am_ `mÀ`m YÝ` XmgmMr
~hþ{dY bjUo gm§{JVbr. am_Xmgmbm ho YÝ`Ëd H$moUË`m gmYZ _mJm©Zo àmßV hmoVo
`mMm {dMma `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
`m H$_©^y_rV Ho$di am_Zm_ qMVZmZo _Zwî`mbm YÝ`Ëd åhUOo H¥$VmW©Vm
àmßV hmoVo. {H$Vr à_mUmV ? g_W© åhUVmV, Vmo ZamMm Zmam`U hmoVmo lr am_
O` am_ O` O` am_Ÿ& AI§S> Omo ñ\w$ao gào_Ÿ& Vmo ñd`o{M Ago nwê$fmoÎm_Ÿ&
åhUm¡{Z am_ Z {dgamdmŸ&& VrW©amO Zm_mV H$_©, ^ŠVr d kmZ `m {VÝhr
_mJmªMm {ÌdoUr g§J_ Agë`m_wio, {H«$`m, ^ŠVr d CnmgZm Ago VrZ eãX
g_WmªZr `mo{Obo AmhoV. Zm_mV "Z __' `m ê$nmZo kmZ Amho. `m XohmV
AmË_M¡VÝ`m{edm` _r Agm H$moUr Zmhr `mMm MmbH$, _mbH$ EH$ AmË_mam_M
Amho. Xoh ho XodmMo Aer OmUrd CËnÝZ hmoVo. `m_wio Xoh~wÕr hr ghOM
AmË_~wÕr hmoD$Z ñdê$nmMr AmoiI nQ>Vo. `mà_mUo Ah§H$mamMm bmon hmoD$Z "Z
__' `m ê$nmZo kmZ hmoVo. `oWo kmZ hm eãX Z dmnaVm CnmgZm hm eãX `mo{Obm
Amho. CnmgZm åhUOo XodmOdi dmñVì`. Zm_mZo XodmOdi dmñVì` hmoVo,
BVHo$M Zìho Va Amnë`mbm Amnbm {dga nSy>Z XodmV dmñVì` amhVo.
AmË_mam_mMo gm{ÝZÜ`mZo AkmZ _moh KmbdyZ Ë`mMr AmoiI nQ>dyZ VÐÿn hmoUo
åhUOo CnmgZm. Cnmñ` XodmMo ñ_aUmV "_r' Zmhrgm hmoUo åhUOo CnmgZm. VoM
kmZ hmo`. CnmgZm åh{UOo kmZŸ& kmZ| nm{dOo {Za§OZŸ& `mo{J`m§M| g_mYmZŸ&
`oU| [aVtŸ&& (Xm. 20-4-22) `mM kmZmbm ZmW CnmgZm åhUVmV. _rM Xodmo
_r{M ^ŠVŸ& nyOmonMma _r g_ñVŸ& _r{M _mV| ny{OVŸ& ho BËW§^yV
"CnmgZm'Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 21-496) `mà_mUo Z __ `m ê$nmZo, Zm_mZo
AmË_mam_mMr AmoiI nQy>Z VoM Amnbo ê$n hmo` Ago kmZ hmoVo. Zm_mV kmZmà_mUo
^ŠVrhr Amho.
Zm_mV _ZZ `mê$nmZo ^ŠVr Amho. Á`m dñVy~Ôb Amnë`m _ZmV ào_
AgVo VrM dñVy _ZmV daModa KmoiV amhmVo. {VMoM dma§dma qMVZ hmoVo. Zm_mV
Z_Z ÷m ê$nmZo H$_© Amho. CnmgZoV gmYH$mbm VXy«nVm àmßV Pmbr Var Xohmda
Ambo H$s Vy Xod d _r ^ŠV hm ^md CRy>Z godm hmoVoM. n{Vd«Vobm nVrMo kmZ,
n{V-ào_ d n{V-godm `m {VÝhr_wio Ogo YÝ`Ëd àmßV hmoVo, VgoM Zm_mV H$_©,
^ŠVr d CnmgZm `m {ÌdoUr g§J_mV ~wS>r {Xë`mZo _Zwî`mg YÝ`Ëd àmßV hmoVo.
Zm_mV Ago gm_Ï`© Agë`m_wio _moR>_moR>çm§Zr Vo gmYZ pñdH$mabo, d _r hr
Ë`mZoM YÝ` Pmbmo, Agm ñdmZw^d g_W© gm§JVmV. {Zdmbm {ed Á`m Zm_oŸ&
Á`m Zm_o dm{ë_H$s F$frŸ& Oo Zm_ gH$im§ VmarŸ& Vo Zm_ _O A§VarŸ&& godHy$
_mZdr`m§MoŸ& H$îQ>Vr ~hþVm narŸ& go{dbm Xod Xodm§MmŸ& VoU| _r YÝ` OmhbmoŸ&&
{H«$`m ^ŠVr d CnmgZm Á`m_wio KS>Vo Vo Zm_. Vo gmYZ nmiVmZm EH$
d«Vhr Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVbo. Vo Zm_ AI§S> KoVbo nm{hOo - "{ZË` Zo_o', gmVË`mda
g_WmªMm \$ma H$Q>mj Amho. gVV dmhUmè`m nmÊ`mÀ`m AmoKmImbr EImXm
H$mim^moa \$Îma Agbm Var Vo _¥Xw nmUr Ë`m \$Îmambm JwiJwirV H$aVo, Ë`mbm
IiJm nmS>Vo. bhmZ nmfmUm§Mo nyOobm `mo½` JwiJwirV em{iJ«m_ ~ZdVo.
Ë`mMà_mUo AZ§V dmgZm§Zr ~a~Q>bobo {MÎm {ZË` Zm_ OnmZo gm{ËdH$ ~ZVo. Vo
BVHo$ H$s Vo {MÎm, {MX² hmoVo. {ZË` Zo_ Y[aVm {MÎmrŸ& VoU| ewÕ {MÎm d¥ÎmrŸ&
hmoD${Z`m ^Jd§Vr _mJ© \w$Q>oŸ&& {ZË` Zo_ H$emMm Agmdm ÷mbmhr g_WmªZr
CÎma {Xbo Amho. _mZgnyOm On Ü`mZŸ& EH$mJ« H$ê${Z`m _ZŸ& {ÌH$mi ¿`mdo
Xe©ZŸ& _mê$Vr gy`m©MoŸ&& `oWo _mê${V d gy`© ho eãX XmoZ AWm©Zo dmnabo AmhoV.
gmYH$ _§X Agob Va Ë`mZo {ÌH$mi _mê$Vr d gy`m©Mo Xe©Z ¿`mdo hm EH$ AW©.
_mê$Vr åhUOo dm`y d gy`© åhUOo AmË_m. gmYH$ Vrd« Agë`mg Ë`mZo {ÌH$mb
àmUm`m_ H$ê$Z _Z AmË_ñdê$nr pñWa H$amdo hm Xwgam AW©. EH$mJ« Zm_OnmZo
ho gmYVo. `m {ZË` Zo_mMr \$blwVrhr \$ma _moR>r Amho. Ë`mMm Agmhmæ` pñWVrV
\$ma Cn`moJ-AJXr EoZdoir hmoVmo. EoZdoi åhUOo A§VH$mbr. AÝVH$mboM _m_od
ñ_aZ² _wŠËdm H$boda_²Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 8-5) g_W© åhUVmV, ñ_aU H$amdo bmJV
ZmhrM. {ZË` Zo_m_wio Vo AmnmoAmn hmoVo. (1) EoH$m Cnm`mMo d_©Ÿ& ÑT>
bmJbr`m {ZË` Zo_Ÿ& hm{M Cnm` na_Ÿ& A§Vg_`rŸ&& (2) {ZË` Zo_mMm
128 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 129

Aä`mgŸ& Vmo{M bmJo {ZOÜ`mgŸ& MwH$Vm H$mgmdrg A§V g_`rŸ&& (3) dmMm
Iw§Q>Vm A§Va nS>oŸ& åhUmo{Z A§VarM On KS>oŸ& ñdm_r AmYrM gmH$S>oŸ& \o$S>rV
JoboŸ&& kmZmo~m AgoM åhUVmV, ""{ZË` go{dbm _r {ZXmZrŸ& godHy$ hmo`Ÿ&&''
åhUyZ {ZË` Zo_ nm{hOo. ho gmVË` Ho$ìhm amhVo ? A§V:H$aUmV {df` d¥Îmr
ZgVo, nyU© d¡am½` AgVo Voìhm. eodQ>À`m XmoZ MaUmV g_WmªZr {ZË` Zo_mMo
gmVË` Ho$ìhm amhVo `mMo CÎma {Xbo Amho.
CXmgrZVm åhUOo H$miOr, H$moR>oM _Z Z bmJUo Agm AW© ì`dhmamV
hmoVmo, nU VÎdV: CXmgrZVm ho gma Amho Ago g_W© åhUVmV. `mMm AW©
Agm H$s Vo gËd JwUmMo bjU Amho. Ë`mV Za OÝ_mMr g\$bVm Amho. Agma
g§gmamV gma H$m` Agob Va Vr CXmgrZVm. H$moUË`mhr JmoîQ>rMr CnmYr Z
dmQ>Uo åhUOo CXmgrZVm. `ÑÀN>mbm^ g§Vwï>Vm hr {VMr Iar ì`m»`m Amho.
H$V¥©Ëd ^moŠV¥ËdmMm Ah§H$ma gwQy>Z AH$Vm© Vmo hm CXmgrZM. gwIXw:Id¥ÎmrnmgyZ
A{bßV Agë`m_wio Vmo {ZOmZ§XmVM AgVmo. åhUo Xmg CXmg H$m§hr Z ìhmdoŸ&
~ao dmoIQ>o gd© gmhÿZ Ý`mdoŸ&& ~è`m dmB©Q>mMr {jVr Zgë`m_wio gXm gd©Xm
_moH$ir d¥Îmr amho åhUOoM Vmo VyîUt pñWVrV Zm§XVmo. g_mYmZr AgVmo. {df`
{dH$mamnmgyZ d¥Îmr _moH$ir Agë`m[edm` Vr AmË_mH$ma hmoV Zmhr. AmË_nXr
aV hmoD$Z, {df`m§Mo {R>H$mUr CXmgrZ amhÿZ Ë`mZm _maÊ`mV Or _m¡O Amho Vr
{df`mer ÌmJm H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm H$mo§S>yZ _maÊ`mV Zmhr. ghO brboZo _moH$ù`m
d¥ÎmrZo {df` Xya Pmbo nm{hOoV. Iam CXmgrZ åhUVmo - "~m~mZmo `m, AmbmV
Va Ka Vw_Mo Amho. JobmV Var CÎm_. _mPo AmË_gwI _bm g_Obo Amho. Vwåhr
Ë`mnojm OmñV H$m` gwI XoUma ?' åhUyZ Amë`m Joë`mMr {jVr ZgVo d
d¥ÎmrMm n«H$meH$ Agm gmjrê$nmZo hm gVV amhVmo.
ZH$mo dmgZm drfB© d¥{Îmê$n|Ÿ&
nXmWu OS>| H$m_Zm nyd©nmn|Ÿ&
gXm am_ {ZîH$m_ qMVrV OmdmŸ&
_Zm H$ënZm boe Vmo hr ZgmdmŸ &&58Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV am_Zm_mMr YÝ`Vm gm§JyZ, CXmgrZVm åhUOo
`ÑÀN>mbm^ g§Vwï>Vm qH$dm d¡am½` hoM na_mWm©Mo gma Amho d {ZË` {Z`_mZo
{H«$`m, ^ŠVr CnmgZmÛmam AmË_mZw^dmMo A_¥V MmIyZ ghO ñdmZ§XmV a_mdo,
`mVM _mZdXohmMr gmW©H$Vm Amho, Agohr gm§{JVbo.
hr CXmgrZVm Zgë`mg _Zmod¥ÎmrMm gd© AmoT>m, {df`mH$S>o YmdVmo d
_Z A§V_w©I hmoV Zmhr, åhUyZ `m íbmoH$mV dmgZmj`mMr Amdí`H$Vm _Zmbm
nQ>dyZ XoVmV. d¥{Îmê$nmZo {df`dmgZm ZH$mo åhUOo H$m` ho g_OUo AmYr, `m
íbmoH$mVrb dmgZm, H$m_Zm, H$ënZm d d¥Îmr `m Mma eãXm§Mm àW_ {dMma
H$ê$. ho gmao _Zmo{dH$ma AmhoV. dmgZm VrM H$ënZm. H$ënZm VrM dmgZm.
WmoS>m gyú_ ^oX Amho. H$ënZm hr gd© {dH$mam§Mo _yi Amho. B©e g¥ï>r d Ord
g¥ï>r `m XmoÝhr H$ënZoVyZ ñnï>Ëdmg `oVmV. åhUyZ H$ënZobmM _m`m åhQ>bo Amho
`m H$ënZobm Oo OmUdVo Vo H$mën{ZH$M. _wir g¥ï>r H$ënZoMrŸ& H$ënZm Amho
_wirMrŸ&& H$ënZo_Ü`o {ZpíMVnUm ZgVmo. Iè`m ImoQ>çmMr ImÌr ZgVo. VoWoM
AmnU H$ënZm H$aVmo. åhUyZM _m`obm A{Zd©MZr` åhQ>bo Amho. àË`j nmhVm
AmT>ioŸ& {dMma KoVm ZmT>ioŸ&& Aer hr H$ënZm _m`m Amho.
dmgZm :- hr H$ënZoVyZ CX` nmdVo. `mZo gwI hmoB©b, `mZo Xw:I
hmoB©b Aer H$moUË`mhr nXmWm©~Ôb àW_ H$ënZm {Z_m©U hmoVo. _J {Vbm
AZwgê$Z Á`mMr AmdS> Ë`m nXmWm©~Ôb BÀN>m CËnÝZ hmoVo. `mà_mUo H$ënZmM
dmgZmê$nmZo OÝ_ KoVo. dmgZm åhUOo hdonUm. {dMma Q>mHy$Z ÑT> ^mdZoZo
Ho$bobm nXmWm©Mm A§JrH$ma åhUOo dmgZm. {VMo AZoH$ àH$ma AmhoV. bmoH$
dmgZm, emñÌ dmgZm, {df` dmgZm d Xoh dmgZm BË`m{X.
H$m_Zm - åhUOo dmgZoMo Vrd« ñdê$n. Á`m {df`mMr dmgZm hmoVo,
Ë`mMo àË`j àmßVrMr Vrd« BÀN>m åhUOo H$m_Zm.
d¥Îmr - A§V:H$aUmMm àH$meH$ n[aUm_ qH$dm {Za{Zamio Va§J
åhUOo d¥Îmr. gd© kmZ d¥ÎmrbmM hmoVo. H$ënZm, H$m_Zm, dmgZm ho {dH$ma
_wimV OS>, nU Ë`m§Mr OmUrd Á`m`moJo hmoVo {VbmM d¥Îmr Ago
åhUVmV. {df` dmgZoMr d¥Îmrê$nmZo OmUrdM ZH$mo. OS> {dH$ma VgoM Agy
XoV. Ë`m§Mo ^mZM ZH$mo. H$maU B§{Ð` {df` g§~§Ym_wio hr d¥ÎmrM ~{h_w©I
hmoVo. hr ~{h_w©I d¥ÎmrM _Zwî`mbm ~Õ H$aVo. åhUOo OÝ_ _¥Ë`yÀ`m MH«$mV
AS>H${dVo. AZmË_ nXmWm©nmgyZ hr ~{h_w©I d¥Îmr H$mT>UoMr Pmë`mg, {df`
ào_ VwQ>bo nm{hOo. à{VHy$b åhUOo ZmdS>rMr d¥Îmr VwQ>Vo, nU AZwHy$b åhUOo
AmdS>rMr d¥Îmr VwQ>V Zmhr Am{U {VÀ`m {Zd¥Îmr{edm` _moj Zmhr. dmgZoMo
130 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 131

_yi N>o{Xë`m dmMyZŸ& Zìho `m I§S>U J^©dmgmŸ&&
{df`mH$S>o AmoT>m Zgmdm Ago ZwgVo åhUyZ ^mJV Zmhr. H$maU
nyd©OÝ_m{O©V H$_m©à_mUo nXmWm©Mo {R>H$mUr H$m_Zm åhUOo Vrd« BÀN>m hmoVo. nyd©
H$_© nmnmË_H$ Agë`mg {df`mH$S>o Vrd« àd¥Îmr Zgmdr Ago ZwgVo Vm|S>mZo åhUyZ
MmbV Zmhr. {df` ào_ VwQ>Ê`mgmR>r Vgm à`ËZ nm{hOo. nyd©OÝ_r nmn KS>bo
åhUyZ `m OÝ_r d¥Îmr {df`mH$S>o YmdVo. `m OÝ_r gËH$_m©V d` doMbo Va,
nwT>rb OÝ_r d¡am½` bm^ob, Agm {dMma H$ê$Z nwÊ` H$_© Ho$bo nm{hOo. B§{Ð`
{ZJ«h Ho$bm nm{hOo. Vñ_mX² `ñ` _hm~mhmo {ZJ¥hrVm{Z gd©e:Ÿ&
B§{Ð`mUt{Ð`mW}ä`ñVñ` àkm à{V[ð>VmŸ&& (^. Jr. 2-68)
`mda H$moUr Aer e§H$m KoB©b H$s nyd©OÝ_mV nmn Pmbo Agë`mZo
{df`mH$S>o _Z YmdUmaM. VoWo à`ËZ H$ê$Z H$m` hmoUma ? `m e§Ho$bm g_WmªMo
amoI R>moH$ CÎma Amho. g_W© {dMmaVmV, hm àmaãY _Vb~ qgYy Vwåhm§bm na_mWm©V
VodT>m gwMVmo H$m` ? ì`dhmamV H$m gwMV Zmhr ? nyd© nmnm_wioM Oa `m OÝ_m§V
amoJ, àH¥${V AñdmñÏ`, ì`Wm {Z_m©U hmoVmV Va àmaãY åhUyZ Ë`m ghZ H$arV
ñdñW H$m ~gV Zmhr ? ì`Wm KmbdUogmR>r AJXr AmQ>moH$mQ> à`ËZ H$m
H$aVm ? WmoS>r YwJYwJr Agbr Var Ymdni H$ê$Z Xwgè`mMo aŠV {dH$V KoD$Z
Vo earamV R>mgyZ ^aVmVM Zm ? _J na_mWm©V VodT>o àmaãY AmS>do H$m `mdo ?
àn§Mr à`ËZ H$amdmŸ& Am{U na_mWu AmYma ¿`mdmŸ& Vwa§_yinUo à`ËZ Z
H$amdm ho H$m` ~aoŸ&& ì`Wogr XoImoZ Hw$g_wg dmQ>oŸ& à`ËZm H$maUo àmU
\w$Q>oŸ& Vo§ìhm Oar à`ËZ H$aUo gwQ>oŸ& Var AmYma ¿`mdmŸ&& åhUyZ hm Amn_Vb~
gmoS>yZ {df`mH$S>o àd¥Îmr Z hmoÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ Ho$bm nm{hOo. H$moUVm à`ËZ ?
`mMo CÎma nwT>rb MaUmV gm§{JVbo Amho. {df`mH$S>o YmdUmè`m _Zmg am_
qMVZmV åhUOo am_Zm_ ñ_aUmV Jw§Vdmdo. "OJr hmoB©Oo YÝ` `m am_Zm_o'
Aer 57 ì`m ûcmoH$mV gwê$dmV H$ê$Z nwT>rb Xhm íbmoH$mV Zm_ñ_aUmZo
YÝ`Vm H$er àmßV hmoVo ho g_W© gm§JVmV, {df`mH$S>o niUmè`m _Zmg
daModa Yê$Z AmUyZ Zm_ñ_aUmV Jw§Vdmdo. `Vmo `Vmo {ZíMa{V
_ZíM§Mb_pñWa_Ÿ& VVñVVmo {Z`å`¡VXmË_Ý`od de§ Z`oV²Ÿ&& (^. Jr.
6-26) {df`mH$S>o YmdUmè`m _Zmg {df`mEodOr am_ñdê$nmMo Am_rf
XmIdmdo. M§Mb _mgm hm Am{_fm_wio Jimbm AS>H$Vmo, Ë`mà_mUo M§Mb
_Zmg A§V:H$aUmV pñWa H$aÊ`mbm CÎm_ Am_rf H$moUVo Agob Va
Vo em_gw§Xa am_à^yMo gwhmñ`dXZ hmo`. àW_V: ho AdKS> dmQ>Vo, nU
Aä`mgmZo H$mhr Z {ZnOo Eogo Zmhr.
nU ho am_qMVZ {ZîH$m_ Agmdo. H$maU gH$m_ ñ_aU ho H$m_mMo ñ_aU
AgVo. XodmMo ZgVo. Ë`mV XodmÀ`m n«o_mnojm \$bê$n {df`gwImMo ào_ AgVo.
gH$m_ ào_mZo \$i {_iVo. nU {ZîH$m_ ^ŠVrZo \$bXmVm Xod {_iVmo.
H$ënVê$Mm bm^ hmoVmo. `odT>o gH$m_ d {ZîH$m_ ^ŠVrV A§Va Amho.
H$m_ZoZ| \$i KS>oŸ& {Z:H$m_ ^OZ| ^Jd§V OmoS>oŸ& \$i ^Jd§Vm H$moUrH$S>oŸ&
_hX§VaŸ&& (Xm. 10-7-20)
{ZîH$m_ ^OZmZ| dmgZm§Mm j` hmoD$Z {MÎmewÕr hmoVo. ewÕ {MÎmmVM
^JdV²n«doe hmoVmo. Zm_mg[agmM harŸ& [aKo öX`m_mPmatŸ& VoU| YmH|$
Aä`§VatŸ& hm| bmJo nwar öX`ewÕrŸ&& V|ìhm àn§M gm§Sy>{Z "dmgZm'Ÿ& OS>mo{Z
R>mHo$ OZmX©ZmŸ& "Ah§' gm§S>mo{Z Ah§nUmŸ& "gmoh§' gXZm_mOt [aK|Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m.
2-776,777).
{ZîH$m_ ^OZmZo àW_ {MÎmewÕr, Z§Va AmË_H¥$nm d eodQ>r Amnë`m
ñdê$nmMr AmoiI, EdT>r \$bàmßVr hmoV Agë`m_wio {ZîH$m_ am_^OZqMVZ
H$amdo. ho qMVZ H$am`Mo Var H$moR>n`ªV. Ë`mMo CÎma eodQ>À`m MaUmV {Xbo Amho.
H$ënZoMm boehr Z Camdm `oWn`ªV. åhUOo {df` H$ënZogmR>r Vo _Z {OVHo$
hnmnbobo AgVo {VVHo$ Vo am_ ê$nmgmR>r bmMmdbo nm{hOo. AmVm {df`H$ënZm
nwao BVH$m {VMm drQ> `mdm. `m pñWVrMm AZw^d VwH$mo~m gm§JVmV, AmdS>o ho ê$n
Jmo{Oa| gJwUŸ& nmhVm§ bmoMZ gwImdboŸ& bm§Mmdbo _Z bmJbrgo JmoS>rŸ& V|
Ordo Z gmoS>r Eogo Pmb|Ÿ&& (Jm. 1050) ê$nmbm bmMmdboë`m _ZmMr eodQ>r
H$m` pñWVr hmoVo Ë`mMo CÎma VwH$mam_ XoVmV, VwH$m åhUo Ombo EH${dY _ZŸ&
{dÇ>bmdmMyZ ZoUo XwOoŸ&& _Z ñdê$nmV {damë`m_wi| AÝ` H$ënZoMm boehr Zmhr.
Ah§ ho _mohmZo __ËdmZo Oo OJmV Jw§Vbo Amhoo Vo Zm_ê$nmÀ`m
AZwg§YmZmZo AmË_mam_mV a§Jbo nm{hOo åhUOo _J V¡g| ^moJmAm§Vy{Z {ZJVm§Ÿ&
{MÎm _O_mOt [aJVm§Ÿ& hiyhiy nm§Sy>gwVmŸ& _r{M hmoB©bŸ&& (km. 12-109)
_Zm H$ënZm H$pënVm§ H$ënH$moQ>rŸ&
Zìho ao Zìho gd©Wm am_^oQ>rŸ&
_Zt H$m_Zm am_ Zmht O`mbmŸ&
AVr AmXao àr{V Zmht V`mbmŸ&&59Ÿ&&
132 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 133

_mJrb ûcmoH$mV {df`dmgZm ZH$mo, Vr nyd© nmnm_wio hmoVo, åhUyZ Vr
Zmhrer H$aÊ`mgmR>r {ZîH$m_nUo am_ ^OZ H$a. am_qMVZ H$a, ho am_qMVZ
BVHo$ gVV amhÿ Xo H$s AÝ` H$ënZm§Mm boehr Zgy Xo, Ago _Zmbm ~Omdbo
Amho. AÝ` H$ënZoMm boehr H$m Zgmdm ho `m ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo Amho. ~m
_Zm ! am_ Agm Agmdm Vgm Zgmdm Aem Vy H$moQ>çmdYr H$ënZm Ho$ë`mg Var
Ë`mV am_Xe©Z hmoUma Zmhr. H$maU Omo H$ënZmVrV Amho Vmo H$ënZoV H$gm
gmnS>mdm ? CbQ> hçm H$ënZm§Mo ZmXr bmJë`m_wio, Ë`m§À`mer VmXmËå`
Pmë`m_wio AmZ§Xê$n A_a Aem AmËå`mMo _mJo Xw:Iê$n OÝ_ _aU na§nam
bmJbr Amho. H$ënZoMo ñdê$n H$m`, ho _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo ûcmoH$ H«$.
5 _Ü`o "_Zm H$ënZm Vo ZH$mo {df`m§Mr' `mMo {ddoMZ H$aVmZm H$ënZoMm
~mJwb~modm H$gm Amho, ho WmoS>Š`mV gm§{JVbo hmoVo. `oWo H$ënH$moQ>r H$ënZm Ago
eãX Agë`m_wio H$ënZoMm gdmªJrU {dMma nmhÿ.
H$_© ho Ñí` ñdê$nmbm `oÊ`mnydu H$m_ hçm pñWVrV AgVo. H$m_ åhUOo
BÀN>m, dmgZm d Ë`mMo gyú_ ê$n H$ënZm hmo`. `m H$ënZmhr AZ§V AmhoV d
Ë`m§Mm à^md _moR>m Amho.
(1) H$ënZm à^md EdT>m _moR>m Amho H$s {VMo dmMyZ àmÊ`mMr hmbMmb
Zmhr. {ZObm Var S>moŠ`mV amhmVo. _obm Var dmgZmê$nmZo {Od§V amhmVo. gwI
Xw:I, ~§Y _mojmbmhr H$maU VrM. H$m_dmgZm{X {dH$ma {VMoM. {VZo {VÝhr bmoH$
ì`mnbo AmhoV. àW_ har g§H$ënmZo ñ\w$aU nmdbobr hr H$ënZm OJm§V ngabr
Amho d Vr Ë`mbm IoidrV Amho.
(2) {VMm M_ËH$ma Agm H$s {dMma, AmMma d Cƒma `m gdmªMo _yi
H$ënZmM. H$ënZm H$ënZobm OÝ_ XoVo. Vr AM§Mir {Z_m©U OmbtŸ& AYmo_wIo
~io MmbbrŸ& AI§S> dmho nar Xo{IbrŸ& ZmhrM H$moUrŸ&& gd© H$ma^ma {VMm
nU Vr {XgV Zmhr. Vr _m`mhr ~ZVo d ~«÷hr ~ZVo. _wir H$ënZm Xmo ê$noŸ&
V|{M OmbrŸ&& Û¡VmMo _yi H$ënmZmM. H$ënZm _m`m {ZdmarŸ& H$ënZm ~«÷
WmdarŸ& g§e` Yat Am{U dmarŸ& Vo{h H$ënZmŸ&& (Xm. 7-5-18) Vr {_Ï`m
AgyZhr {VZo OJmbm doS> bmdbo, hm M_ËH$maM Zìho H$m` ?
(3) {VMo dmñVì` AmV, ~mhoa, _mJonwT>o H$ënZmM. AZmË_dJ©
gd© VrM. _hmH$maU Xoh kmZ, H$maU Xoh AkmZ d qbJXoh dmgZm, {_iyZ
kmZ, AkmZ d dmgZm `m VrhrMo {_lU åhUOo H$ënZmM. VrZ Xod, VrZ
JwU VrZ ^wdZo gd© H$ënZmM ~Zbr. AîQ>Ym àH¥$VtM| _yiŸ& g§H$ënê$n{M
Ho$diŸ& ZmZm g§H$ëno Xoh \$iŸ& KoD${Z Amb|Ÿ&& (Xm. 18-4-27) qnS>
~«÷m§S>mMo _yi hrM harMr kmZà^m, g§H$ënmÛmao \$mH$br. AZoH$ ìhmdo Ago Ë`m
à^obm dmQ>bo. Ë`mgmR>r BÀN>m eŠVr, {H«$`m eŠVr, Ðì` eŠVr, kmZ eŠVr
Am{U {MV² eŠVr. Aem n§M eŠVr {Z_m©U hmoD$Z qnS> ~«÷m§S> C^maUr Pmbr.
g_W© åhUVmV, {ZíMim_Ü`| M§MiŸ& Vo{M H$ënZm Ho$diŸ& AîQ>Ym àH¥$VrM|
_yiŸ& H$ënZm ê$nŸ&& (Xm. 11-1-5) gmam§e OJmbm OÝ_ XoUmar, Ordmbm OÝ_
XoUmar, MmbdUmar, di{dUmar, ~mob{dUmar d AmQ>Ur H$aUmar EH$M àH¥$Vr
AgyZ {VMo _yi H$ënZmM hmo`.
EH$ Jmoï> bjmV R>odbr nm{hOo, Vr hr, H$s harnmgyZ AH$ënrV g§H$ën
Pmbm, Var har hm H$ënZmVrVM. ho AZw^dmZo OmUVm `oVo. H$go Vo nhm. _r À`m
ApñVËdmda AZoH$ H$ënZm CR>VmV. Ë`m {XgVmV åhUOo Ë`m§Mr OmUrd hmoVo. ho
OmJ¥VrVrb _ZmoamÁ`mdê$Z AZw^dmbm `oVo. VgoM ñdßZg¥ï>r Amnbo ApñVËdmda
MmbVo d Ë`mMr OmUrd hmoVo åhUOo Á`mbm _ZmoamÁ` AWdm ñdßZ `m§Mr OmUrd
Pmbr, Vmo _r `m Xmohm|À`m H$ënZm IoimnmgyZ {^ÝZM Amho. Ë`mà_mUo Á`m
AmË_gÎmoda qnS> ~«÷m§S> IoimMr C^maUr Pmbr Vmo AmË_mam_ `m H$ënZm àH¥$Vr
nmgyZ A{bßVM AgVmo. AJm àH¥${Vnam¡VmŸ& EHw$ AmWr n§Sw>gwVmŸ& Eogm n«dmXy
Vmo VËdVmŸ& nwê$fw hm n¢Ÿ&& (km. 13-1028) AmnU H$ënZmVM Jw§J hmoD$Z am{hbmo
Va am_ XyaM ahmVmo. H$ënZmVrV AmË_mam_ H$ënZoMm àm§V Amobm§Sy>Z Joë`m{edm`
^oQ>Uma Zmhr ho {ZpíMV.
AmnU gd© B©ídamMo A§e. nU A§eM Oa H$ënZm ^«_mV gmnS>bm Va
_yi nX H$go JmR>Uma. EH$m amOmg VrZ nwÌ hmoVo. _¡bmda Agboë`m _§{XamVrb
{edXe©Z KoD$Z Omo àW_ amOmbm ^oQ>ob Ë`mMo amÁ`. ÷m _¡b ^amMo A§VamV
_mohH$ dñVy§Mo àXe©Z AgVo. XmoKo nwÌ àXe©ZmV a§JVmV. YmH$Q>m _mÌ àW_
[edXe©Z, Z§Va amO Xe©Z KoD$Z _JM àXe©ZmV a§JVmo. Oo _mohmV AS>H$bo Vo
amOnXmbm _wH$bo. VgoM {df` H$ënZoV Jw§J hmoUmè`m Ordmg am_ ^oQ> Zmhr.
H$maU Ë`m§Zm am_mnojm {df` àrVr A{YH$ AgVo. OoWo {df` ào_ Vrd« VoWo
am_m~Ôb ào_ H$moRy>Z AgUma ?
Ë`m§À`m pñWVrMo kmZmo~m dU©Z H$[aVmV, nmh| nm§ earam{M`m Jm§dmŸ&
O`mbmJt Ambo nm§S>dmŸ& Vmo H$m`m©Ww© AmKdmŸ& gm§Sw>{Z`mŸ&& B§{Ð`J«m_tMm§
amO{~XtŸ& Ah§__Vo{M`m§ OëndmXtŸ& {dH$mam§Vam§Mr _m§XrŸ& _oi{dVmVrŸ&&
Xw:IemoH$m§Mm KmB©Ÿ& _m[a{b`mMr go{M ZmhrŸ& ho gm§Jmd`m H$maU H$m§hrŸ& Oo
J«m{gbo _m`mŸ&& åhUmo{Z Vo _mV| MwH$boŸ&& (km. 7-105 Vo 108)
134 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 135

{df` H$ënZm§À`m ZmXr bmJë`m_wio am_ Xe©Z hmoUma Zmhr. Amnbo
ñdê$n H$iUma Zmhr, åhUyZ g§H$ënà^dZ² H$m_m§ñË`ŠËdm gdm©ZeofV:Ÿ&& (^.
Jr. 6-24) ewÕ H$ënZm§Zr _brZ H$ënZm§Mm Zme H$ê$Z ewÕ H$ënZm Ooìhm
am_ê$nmV {dam_ nmdVrb Voìhm am_ ^oQ> hmoB©b. AmnwboZo AZw^doŸ& H$ënZo{g
_moS>mdoŸ& _J gwH$mit nS>md|Ÿ& AZw^dmÀ`mŸ&& (Xm. 7-3-48) _mZdr OrdZmda
Agboë`m `m H$ënZm gm_«mÁ`mMr AÜ`mpË_H$ Ñï>rZo {dñVmanyd©H$ _m{hVr nm{hOo
Agob Va gmYH$mZo lr. nm§. Jmo. qMMmiH$a `m§Mo AmË_mZwg§YmZ ho nwñVH$ Adí`
dmMmdo.
_Zm am_ H$ënVê$ H$m_YoZyŸ&
{ZYr gma qMVm_Ur H$m` dmZy§ ?Ÿ&
O`mMo{Z `moJ| KS>o gd© gÎmmŸ&
V`m gmå`Vm H$m`gr H$moU AmVm ?Ÿ&&60&&
H$moQ>çmdYr H$ënZmZr am_ ^oQ> hmoUma Zmhr. H$ënZoMm àm§V
Amobm§S>ë`m IoarO åhUOo {Z:g§H$ën Pmë`mIoarO Ë`m H$ënZmVrV am_mMr ^oQ>
Zmhr, Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo. hm H$ënZmVrV am_ Amho Var H$gm ?
`mMo CÎma `m ûcmoH$mV {Xbo Amho. {Za{Zamio Ñï>m§V XoD$Z am_ê$n gm§JyZ eodQ>r
Vmo AZwnå` Amho Ago gm§JVmV.
Aao _Zm, hm am_ H$ënVê$gmaIm Amho. Or H$ënZm H$amdr {VMo XmZ
XoUmam Amho. Aao Vmo H$m_YoZyhr Amho. Or BÀN>m H$amdr Vr AMyH$ nXamV
Q>mH$Umam Amho. Vmo CXma XmVm Amho. Vmo qM{Vbobr dñVy àmßV H$ê$Z XoUmam -
qMVm_Ur Amho. Vmo gd© dñVy§Mm R>odm ({ZYr) Amho. Aao, ~hyaËZm dgw§Yam
Á`mMo AmYmamda Zm§XVo. Ë`mMonmer CUrd H$emMr amhUma ? BVHo$M H$m` nU
Vmo am_M gd© gma Amho. åhUOo Am{X, _Ü`, AdgmZr {Ma§VZ Amho. Ë`mMo
dU©Z Var H$go H$amdo ? Á`mÀ`mgmaIr AÝ` H$moUVr dñVwM Zmhr, Ë`mMo dU©Z
H$moUË`m nXmW© Ñï>m§VmZo H$amdo ? Vmo am_ H$ënVê$ Amho. H$m_YoZy Amho.
qMVm_Ur Amho Ago {H$Vrhr dU©Z Ho$bo Var- nar ho hrZ Ñï>mÝVŸ& Ho${d lram_r
emo^VŸ& Ñï>mÝV dñVygr dñVwÎdŸ& Á`m{M `o gm_Ï`}Ÿ&& Á`m dñVyMm
Ñï>mÝV Úmdm Ë`m dñVybm Oo ê$n àmßV Pmbo VoM _wir am_mÀ`m gm_Ï`mªZo.
_J Ë`m am_mMo dU©Z H$moUË`m Ñï>mÝVmZo H$amdo ? nm`mnmgyZ N>namn`ªV
Kambm AmYma AmH$memMm. AmH$memV Vo CR>Vo, amhVo d nS>Vo
Ë`mÀ`m{edm` Ka CRy>M eH$V Zmhr. KamVrb _mUgo dmdaV AgVmV AmH$memV
nU g_OVmV Kam§V. _J KamVrb H$moUË`m dñVwÀ`m Ñï>m§VmZo AmH$memMo dU©Z
H$aUma ? nm`m, gmonm, _mOKa, XodKa, _mS>r, N>ßna BË`m{XH$m§Mo ApñVËd
AmH$mem_wio. Kamnydu VoM, Ka AgVmZm VoM d Ka nS>bo Var VoM CaVo.
H$m_YoZy H$ënVê$Ÿ& {ZYr qMVm_Ur gmê$Ÿ& am_ gÎmm _mÌo Wmoê$Ÿ& AgVm
narŸ&& H$¡gr am_r ~amo~arŸ& H$[aVr ~mnwS>r {^H$marŸ& am_gÎmm AZwnå` IarŸ&
^wdZÌ`rŸ&& Á`m am_mda qnS> ~«÷m§S>mMm S>mobmam Adb§~yZ, Omo AZmXr Ë`m
AmË_mam_mMo dU©Z H$moUË`mhr Ñï>m§VmZo hmoUma Zmhr.
Á`mà_mUo AmH$memMo AmYmamda Zm§XUmè`m KamÀ`m CËnÎmr,
pñWVrb`mMm AmH$memgr H$m§hrhr g§~§Y Zmhr, Ë`mà_mUo CËnÎmr pñWVrb`mË_H$
g¥ï>rMm d AmË_mam_mMm AWm©AWu H$m§hr g§~§Y ZgyZ, Ë`mMo Iao ñdê$n {Zamio
Amho. Vmo g¥ï>rnydu, g¥ï>r AgVmZm d g¥ï>rZ§Va AZm{X {Ma§VZ Agm Amho. g¥ï>r
doJimM Amho. åhUmo{Z ^yVmMm H$X©_Ÿ& `m§gr A{bßV AmË_mam_wŸ& A{dÚm
JwUo _m`m^«_wŸ& gË`{M dmQ>oŸ&& (Xm. 8-1-42) Á`mMo H$V¥©Ëd AmnU na_mËå`mda
bmXVmo Vo nXmW© Var gË` H$moR>o AmhoV. nXmW© dñVy Zm{gd§VŸ& h| Vm| àË``mg
`oVŸ& `m H$maU| ^Jd§VŸ& nXmWm©doJimŸ&& (Xm. 8-1-46) _J Zmed§V nXmW©
Ñï>m§VmZo emídV Ago AmË_mam_mMo ê$n Ü`mZmV H$go `mdo ? H$ënZm Ë`mMo gÎmodaM
CR>VmV, amhVmV d Zmhrem hmoVmV. nU Vmo H$ënZmVrV Agë`m_wio Ë`mMo dU©Z
H$ënZoV gmnSy> eH$V Zmhr. Ed§ H$ënZoa{hVŸ& V`m Zmd ^Jd§VŸ&
Agm hm H$ënZmVrV,g¥ï>rdoJim, {Zdm§V, AZwnå` Agm lram_
Amho. _J àíZ Agm nS>Vmo H$s, Aja, Aì`` AZm{X g{ƒXmZ§X
B. bjUm§Zr Vo H$go gm§{JVbo OmVo ? ~«÷mMo bjU eãXmZo H$aVm `oV Zmhr;
nU _w_wjybm H$ënZm `mdr åhUyZ gV²-{MV² AmZ§X BË`m{X gmnoj arVrZo
Ë`mMo dU©Z Ho$bo OmVo.
C^m H$ënd¥jmVit Xw:I dmhoŸ&
V`m A§Var gd©Xm V| {M AmhoŸ&
OZt g‚mZr dmX hm dmT>dmdmŸ&
nwT>| _mJwVm emoH$ Ordt YamdmŸ&&61Ÿ&&
H$ënVê$, qMVm_Ur, H$m_YoZy `m§Mohrnojm loð> Ago am_mMo ñdê$n
136 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 137

AgyyZ Vo {Zê$n_ Amho Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo. `mda Agm àíZ
`oVmo H$s "Agm gd© H$m_Zm nwadUmam Xod Oa Amho Va _Zwî`mbm Xw:I
H$m ? Ë`mbm Z ^OUmè`m§Zm Xw:I Agob nU Ë`mMo ^OZ H$aUmè`m§Zm hr
Xw:I AmhoM. Ago H$m ? `mMo CÎma hçm d nwT>rb XmoZ ûcmoH$mV {Xbo
Amho. ^ŠVr _mJm©bm bmJUmè`m§Mo VrZ àH$ma. _w_wjy, gmYH$ d {gÕ. hm
ûcmoH$ _w_wjy§gmR>r Amho. Ë`mMo H$maU nwT>À`mM ûcmoH$mV {Xbo Amho. _w_wjyMm
àn§MñdmW© gwQ>bm Agbm Var d Ë`mg _mojmMr BÀN>m Agbr Var Xodm~Ôb
qH$dm gmYZm~Ôb Ë`mMm {ZíM` Pmbobm ZgVmo. H$moUrVar _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUmam
{_imdm, Ago Ë`mg dmQ>Vo ZmZm VrW} Yw§S>m{ibtŸ& e_ X_m{X gmYZ|
Ho$btŸ& ZmZm J«§Wm§Va| nm{hbtŸ& emoYy{Z`m§Ÿ&& VoU| Zìho g_mYmZŸ& dmQ>o
AdKmM AZw_mZŸ& åhUo [aKm| g§Vmg eaUŸ& `m Zmd _w_wjyŸ&& (Xm. 5-
8-38,39) Aem Ag_mYmZr A{ZpíMV d¥ÎmrÀ`m ^m§~mdboë`m _w_wjybm Vy
XodmMo gÎmoImbr Zm§XVmog, gd© Xodm§Mm Xod VwÂ`m A§VarM Amho, dmXmÀ`m
^mZJS>rV Z nS>Vm na_mWm©bm nmofH$ Ago C{MV g§H$ën H$arV amherb Va
Vo am_H¥$noZo {gÕ hmoVrb Ago hçm ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
ho eara Á`mMo gÎmoda MmbVo Vmo am_ H$ënVê$à_mUo H$moUVmhr
_ZmoaW nwadÊ`mg g_W© Amho. Ë`mMo N>m`oImbrM AmnU C^o Amhmo. H$ënVê$
Imbr Or BÀN>m H$amdr Vr g\$b ìhmdr, hm Ë`mMm ñd^md. gwImMr
BÀN>m Yabr Va gwI hmoVo. Xw:ImMr BÀN>m Yabr Va Xw:I, Xm[aÐç `oVo.
O`m nwê$fmg O| Ü`mZŸ& V`m{g V|{M àmßVŸ&& (Xm. 5-6-63) Agm hm
am_ Agë`m_wio _Zwî` Omo _ZmoaW Y[aVmo VmoM Ë`mbm àmßV hmoVmo. _r
Xw:Ir, _r nmnr, _bm OÝ__aU Amho. {df`mnmgyZM gwI hmoB©b, Ago
Ë`mbm dmQ>Vo. dmgZm Vgo \$i, Ago _Zwî` ghO ~mobyZ OmVmo. Xw:Iê$n
Aem {df`dmgZoMoM Oa _ZmV qMVZ Va VoM \$i nXamV nS>Vo. O¡g|
H$ënVê$VidQ>tŸ& ~¡gmo{Z Pmo{i`o nmS>r Jm§R>rŸ& _J {ZX¡d {ZYo {H$arQ>rŸ&
X¡Ý`{M H$ê§$Ÿ&& (km. 9-311)
nU VoM g§H$ën,C{MV,gË`, emñÌr` Agë`mg Vohr nyU© hmoVmV.
O¡g§o {MÎm O`md[aŸ& Vgo Odir Vo XwarŸ& AdK| OmU| gyÌYmarŸ& H$moU
ZmMo H$moUonarŸ& VwH$m åhUo ~w{ÕŸ& Á`mMr VoM V`m {g{ÕŸ&& (Jm. 3761)
{Odmbm nXmWm©nmgyZ bm^Umao gwI AmdS>Vo d VoM Iao Ago
dmQ>Vo. nU Vo n[al_mZo {_iUmao, A{ZpíMV j{UH$, Agë`m_wio Ë`mnmgyZ
Xw:IM hmoVo. H$ënd¥jmImbr ~gyZ Xw:ImMoM qMVZ Ho$ë`mg Xw:IM hmoUma.
am_ åhUVmo, Vwåhmbm {df` gwIM JmoS> dmQ>Vo Zm ? _J VoM ^moJm. Xw:I
Pmë`mg _r O~m~Xma Zmhr. H$maU Vr Vw_MrM _mJUr Amho. gwIê$n _r
nm{hOo Agë`mg Vgm g§H$ën H$am. _r ^oQ>Ê`mg hmV ngê$Z C^m Amho. g_W©
åhUVmV, ""gd© gm§Sy>Z emoYm _ObmŸ& Eog| Xod{M ~mo{bbmŸ& bmoH$s¨ eãX
A_mÝ` Ho$bmŸ& ^Jd§VmMmŸ&& åhUmoZ ZmZm Xw:Io ^mo{JVrŸ& gd© H$mi H$ï>r
hmoVrŸ& _Zt gwI{M BpÀN>VrŸ&& nar V| H¡$M|Ÿ&&'' (Xm. 13-7-23,24)
Á`mnmgyZ gwI {_iVo Ë`m ñWmZmMm g§H$ënM Zmhr. Xw:IH$maH$
H$ënZm§Mo _mÌ gVV qMVZ. _J VoM àmßV hmoUma. lram_ gIm AgVm {earŸ&
Omo ~wS>o qMVm gmJarŸ& VoUo H$ënd¥j VirŸ& ê$XZ Ama§{^boŸ&& Agm àH$ma
Zmhr H$m ?
_Zwî` Amnbo MwH$Vo H$moR>o Vo nhmV Zmhr. H$ê$ Z`o Vo H$aVmo, da _mPoM
Iao åhUyZ dmX KmbVmo. g_W© åhUVmV, AmnboM g§H$ën AmnUm§g ~mYH$
hmoV AmhoV `mMr OmUrd Z R>odVm, Xw:I ^moJrV AgVmhr, Vmo bmoH$m§er,
g‚mZm§er dmX KmbrV amhmVmo. g¥ï>rH$Vm© YVm© gd© Xodm§Mm Xod EH$
AmË_mam_ Amho, Vmo Amnë`mOdi Amho, `mMm Vmo {dMmahr H$arV Zmhr.
Ðï>m gmjr Vrhr bmoH$sŸ& _wirMm _yi B©ídê$Ÿ& JUoe emaXm OmbmŸ& _ëhmar
joÌ nmiVmoŸ&&
Amnë`m XohmV gmjrê$nmZo am_M Amho. VmoM gd© Xodm§À`m ê$nmZo
ZQ>bobm Amho. ho bjmV Z KoVm {df` H$m_Zm nyVugmR>r Vmo AÝ` XodmVm§Mo
D§$~aR>o {POdVmo. hoM ~amo~a åhUyZ dmX KmbVmo. nmhm| OmVm§ n¥ÏdrdarŸ& Xodm§Mr
JUZm H$moU H$arŸ&& (Xm. 5-4-9) AZoH$ Xod, AZoH$ ^ŠV,Omo Vmo Amnë`m
XodmMm A{^_mZ Yê$Z hmM loð> åhUyZ dmX KoVmo. _w»` öX`ñW Xod amhVmo
~mOybm. Á`mÀ`m gÎmoImbr Zm§Xm`Mo Ë`mbmM ~mOybm R>odm`Mo. Amnë`m
X¡dVm§MmŸ& A{^_mZ OZ KoVr gmMmŸ& VoUo AZ§V OJXremMmŸ& {dga
nS>oŸ&& _Vm_Vm§Mm Jb~bmŸ& H$moUr nwgoZm H$moUmbmŸ& Omo Oo _Vt
gm§nS>bmŸ& V`mg V|{M WmoaŸ&& (Xm. 11-2-25) dmñV{dH$ g§H$ën CR>md`mMo
A§V:H$aUmV, Vo nmhUmam A§V:gmjr öX`mV. Ë`m A§V:gmjrbm ~mOybm
R>oD$Z, Ho$di dmXmZo eodQ>r emoH$M nXamV `oUma. OÝ_XmË`m à«o_i AmB©bm
gmoSy>Z _mZboë`m AmB©_mJo bmJÊ`mV H$m` AW© Amho ? H$moUVo g_mYmZ ?
g_W© åhUVmV dmX{ddmXmMo ^mZJS>rV Z nS>Vm öX`ñW na_mËå`mda lÕm
R>oD$Z `mo½` g§H$ën H$amdm. åhUmo{Z Oo A{dÚmŸ& gm§Sy>Z Yamdr gw{dÚm& VoU|
138 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 139

JwUo OJÛ§ÚmŸ& nm{dOo erK«Ÿ&& (Xm. 5-6-64)
{ZOÜ`mg Vmo gd© VyQ>mo{Z JobmŸ&
~io A§Vat emoH$ g§Vmn R>obmŸ&
gwImZ§X AmZ§X ^oX| ~wS>mbmŸ&
_Zr {ZíM`mo gd© IoX| CS>mbmŸ&&62Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$ _w_wjybm AZwbjyZ Agmdm, Ago gm§{JVbo hmoVo.
Ë`mg§~§Yr WmoS>o ñnï>rH$aU H$ê§$ d _J hçm ûcmoH$mH$S>o diy. 52 ì`m ûcmoH$mV
Z qbno H$Xm X§^ dmXo {ddmXoŸ& H$ar gyI g§dmX Omo CJ_mMmŸ&& Ago YÝ`
am_XmgmMo bjU gm§JVodoir, ^ŠVr_mJm©V dmX{ddmX ho {d¿Z Amho,
"dmXmoZmdb§ã`:Ÿ&' Ago gm§{JVbo hmoVo. Ago AgyZhr 61, 62 d 63 øm
ûcmoH$mV "dmX H$ê$ Z`o' Ago nwZ: nwÝhm g_W© gm§JVmV. Vo H$m ? na_mW©
CnXoemV g_W© {Ûê$ŠVr hm Xmof g_OV ZmhrV CbQ>, H$_© Ho$b|{M H$amd|Ÿ&
Ü`mZ Y[ab|{M YamdoŸ& {ddab|{M {ddamdoŸ& nwÝhm {Zê$nUrŸ&& (Xm. 11-
5-1) hr Ë`m§À`m CnXoemMr nÕV Amho. dmX KmVH$ Amho gm§JUogmR>r AmoirZo
VrZ ûcmoH$ H$m ? `m _mJo H$m§hr hoVy Agmdm Ago dmQ>Vo. 52 ì`m ûcmoH$mV
am_^ŠV dmdS>m dmX H$arV Zmhr EdT>oM gm§{JVbo, `oWo d nwT>rb ûcmoH$mV
_w_wjy, gmYH$ d {gÕ øm {VZrhr AdñWoVrb na_mW©_mJu`m§Zm dmX {hVH$mar
Zmhr, Ago Ë`m§Zm gm§Jmdm`mMo Amho. _mJrb ûcmoH$ _w_wjygmR>r hmoVm. hm
ûcmoH$ gmYH$mgmR>r Amho d nwT>rb ûcmoH$ {gÕmgmR>r Amho. 64 ì`m ûcmoH$mV
~ÕmMo bjU Amho. g§gmaXw:Io XwIdbmŸ& {Ì{dY Vmn| nmoibmŸ& {Zê$nU|
àñVmdbmŸ& A§V`m©_tŸ& (Xm. 5-8-3) Eogm nmoQ>t nñVmdbmŸ& {Zê$nUo
nmbQ>bmŸ& Vmo{M _w_wjy ~mo{bbmŸ& J«§Wm§VarŸ&& (Xm. 5-8-23) Ago
_w_wjy bjU Amho. àn§Mmbm {dQy>Z níMmVmn nmdyZ H$m§hrVar nma_m{W©H$
{hV ìhmdo, _moj bm^mdm Ago Ë`mbm dmQ>Vo. `mgmR>r Vmo H$m§hr ldU H$[aVmo.
J«§W dmMVmo. _ZZ H$[aVmo. e§H$m g_mYmZ H$ê$Z KoVmo nU gd© g§e` {\$Q>bo
Zgë`m_wio Ë`mÀ`m ~wÕrMm {ZíM` Pmbobm ZgVmo d gmYZhr {ZpíMV Pmbobo
ZgVo. `mgmR>r Ë`mZo gm_mÝ` OZmer AWdm g‚mZmer dmX{ddmX H$aÊ`mMo
^mZJS>rV Z nS>Vm, H$ënd¥jmgma»`m AmË_mam_mMo N>m`oImbr na_mWm©bm
KmVH$ åhUOo A{dÚmË_H$ Ago g§H$ën Z H$aVm, na_mWm©bm nmofH$ åhUOo
gw{dÚmË_H$ Ago g§H$ën H$arV Omdo, Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV ~Omdbo. `oWo
gmYH$mbm g_W© ~OmdVmV H$s, Vy Oa dmXmÀ`m \§$XmV nS>erb Va {ZOÜ`mg
Vmo gd© VyQ>mo{Z JobmŸ& ~io A§Var emoH$ g§Vmn R>obmŸ&& gmYH$mbm _w»` Xod
H$moU ? Ë`mMo ñWmZ H$moR>o ? Ë`mMr CnmgZm H$er H$amdr ? AmnU H$moU ?
BË`m{X kmZ Pmbobo AgVo. Ë`mMm gmYZ _mJ©hr {ZpíMV Pmbobm AgVmo,
nU Pmbobo kmZ ÑT> hmoÊ`mgmR>r d gmjmËH$mamgmR>r, Ë`mMm {Z{XÜ`mgZmMm
Aä`mg Mmby AgVmo. CnXo{eb| AmË_kmZŸ& VwQ>b| g§gma~§YZŸ& ÑT>VoH$maU|
H$ar gmYZŸ& `m Zmd gmYH$Ÿ& (Xm. 5-9-4) na§Vy `m AdñWoV kmZ Pmbo
Agbo d gmYZ hr Mmby Agbo Var àW_ àW_ H$m§hr g§e` CR>V AgVmV.
nwT>o hiyhiy Vo gmYZ Aä`mgmZo Zmhrgo hmoVmV. gmYH$m{g g§Xohd¥ÎmrŸ& nwT>|
hmoVgo {Zd¥ÎmrŸ&& (Xm. 5-10-12) Aem `m AdñW|V Ë`mZohr dmX H$ê$ Z`o.
H$maU CnmgZm {dñ_¥{V `moJoŸ& _Zr g§e` CnOmo bmJoŸ& jUjU {djmo^o
_Z ^§JoŸ& gmYH$mMoŸ&& g_W© åhUVmV, Amnë`m {ZOÜ`mgmV I§S> nS>Vmo d
~io åhUOo AmnUhÿZ AmnbmM emoH$ g§Vmn dmT>dUog _XV hmoVo. dmñV{dH$
gmYH$mZo gVV {ZOÜ`mgmV am{hbo nm{hOo. åhUOo AmnU Xoh Zmhr, ñWyb
Hy$e Zmhr, AmnU Zm _Z, Zm ~wÕr, Zm {MÎm, Zm Ah§H$ma, Aem àH$mao
{dOmVr` àË``m§Mm {VañH$ma H$ê$Z AmnU A_a, A{H«$`, Ag§J, gmjr,
g{ÀMXmZ§X-ñdê$n Amhmo, Aem gOmVr` àË``m§Mm àdmh _ZmV R>odUo d Vmo
pñWa H$aUo åhUOo {ZOÜ`mg, nU gmYH$ Oa dmX{ddmXmV nS>bm Va hm
{ZOÜ`mg I§S> nmdVmo, VwQy>Z OmVmo.
dmXmV à{VñnÜ`m©bm qOH$Ê`mgmR>r {Za{Zamù`m AZmË_ d¥Îmr CRy>
bmJVmV. gd©Ì ^JdV² ñdê$n nmhUoEodOr Vmo ImoQ>m, _r Iam, Agm _r Vy
nUm dmTy>Z Û¡V^md ~imdVmo d Ûof~wÕr {Z_m©U hmoVo. Am{U gdm©V dmB©Q> Jmoï>
åhUOo {ZOÜ`mgmÀ`m Aä`mgmZo H$_r Pmbobr Xoh~wÕr Ah§H$mam_wio nwÝhm
~imdy bmJVo. EH$Xm A{^_mZ W¡ W¡ ZmMy bmJbm H$s Ë`m_mJyZ _Ëga, Ûof,
H«$moY BË`m{X fS²>[an§yMr na§nam _mJo bmJVo d ZgVm emoH$ g§Vmn AmoT>dyZ
KoVbm OmVmo. Ed§ fS²>[any ~imdVrŸ& _Z nmdo AYmoJVrŸ& VoUo CnmgZm
{dñ_¥VrŸ& ghO{M hmo`Ÿ&& Ho$dT>m hm AY:nmV AmË_KmV! MmbË`m JmS>çmbm
AmnUhÿZ KmVbobr hr IriM Zìho H$m` ? EH$ {MÎmmZo AmZ§XKZ
AmË_mam_mer VmXmËå` nmdyZ, gwI d AmZ§X ^moJUmam hm gmYH$, gmYZ
_mJm©nmgyZ Xya bmoQ>bm OmVmo. `mMm {ZíM` S>i_iVmo Am{U AmZ§XgmJamV
140 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 141

_Ëñ`mà_mUo {dhma H$aUmam Agm hm, OJ‚mrdZmnmgyZ Xya hmoD$Z Xw:ImV
VS>\$S>Vmo. ho EdT>o H$emZo Pmbo ? `m gd© nVZmMo _yiŸ& OZr dmMmiVm
Ho$diŸ& Var Vmo H$mg`m dhmdm {Z\©$iŸ& dmXdodmXŸ&&
Kat H$m_YoZy nwT>| VmH$ _mJoŸ&
har~moY gm§Sy>{Z dodmX bmJoŸ&
H$at gma qMVm_Ur H$mMI§S>oŸ&
V`m _mJVm§ XoV Amho CX§S>oŸ&&63Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV gmYH$mZo, d¥Îmr {Z:g§Xoh Pmbr Zgë`mZo, dmX{ddmXmV
Z nS>Vm Amnbo {ZOÜ`mgmMo gmYZ Mmby R>odmdo, H$maU dmX{ddmXmZo
CnmgZm {dñ_¥Vr hmoD$Z {djon CËnÝZ hmoVmV, Ago gm§{JVbo. `m ûcmoH$mV
{Z:g§Xoh Pmboë`m {gÕmbm dmX{ddmX Z H$aUoMm CnXoe Ho$bm Amho.
pñWa~wÕr Pmboë`mZo dmXmMo Adb§~Z Ho$ë`mg Ë`mbm hrZËd H$go àmßV
hmoVo, ho EH$ Ñï>mÝV XoD$Z g_W© gm§JVmV.
Kar H$m_YoZy Amho. Vr Agë`mMr OmUrd Amho. Ago AgVmZm Oa
EImXm VmH$mgmR>r XmamoXma qhSy> bmJob Va Vo doS>onUmMo H¥$Ë` hmoUma Zmhr
H$m`? H$m_YoZy AgVm ÛmarŸ& VmH$ _mJUo KamoKarŸ& VoUo nT>V _yI©Vm nXarŸ&
`oD$ nmhoŸ&& ehmUo AgmoZr _yI©Ÿ& V`m Zm§d nT>V_yI©Ÿ&& (Xm. 2-10-1,2)
dmñV{dH$ hm {gÕnwê$f Ho$di ehmUmM Zìho, Va gd© g§e` {\$Q>yZ Á`mbm
AmË_kmZ Pmb| Amho d Omo ñdê$nmZ§X MmIUmam Amho, Agm. AgVmo. ñdê$n
hmoD$Zr am{hOoŸ& V`m Zmd {gÕ ~mo{bOoŸ&& (Xm. 8-9-4) Agm Á`mbm
har~moY åhUOo AmË_~moY Pmbm Amho, Omo Vo AmË_gwI AZw^{dV Amho,
Ë`mbm dmXmMr Oê$a H$m` ?
ñdê$n pñWVr åhUOo Ho$di AmZ§X_` AdñWm, d¥Îmr CR>mo, amhmo dm
Omdmo, {VMo AmnU àH$meH$, {VMm Amnë`mbm ñne©gwÕm Zmhr. Ë`m_wio Amnë`m
kmZmZ§XmV H$gbmM {~KmS> Zmhr, Agm {ZíM` H$ê$Z Ë`m AmZ§X-_mÌ
pñWVrV amhUoMm Aä`mg åhUOo ñdê$n {Zð>oMm Aä`mg. Aer hr
AmZ§X_` pñWVr gmoSy>Z emoH$H$mar dmX H$m H$am`Mm ? pñWVàk hmodmo{Z`mŸ&
lram_ H$Vm© OmUmo{Z`mŸ& emoH$H$mar dmXdm`mŸ& H$mg`m H$amdmŸ&&
dmñV{dH$ ñdê$nmZ§XmV amhUmè`m _Zwî`mbm H$V©ì`hr H$mhr Cabobo
ZgVo. `ñËdmË_a{Vaod ñ`mXmË_V¥ßVíM _mZd:Ÿ& AmË_Ý`od M g§Vwï>ñVñ`
H$m`ª Z {dÚVoŸ&& (^. Jr. 3-17) Oo Vmo AmË_~moY| VmofbmŸ& Var H¥$VH$m`©y XoI|
OmhbmŸ&&(km. 3-147) _Z em§V Pmbobo, aOmoJwUmË_H$ (H$m_H«$moYm{X) {dH$ma
Zï> Pmbobo, M¡VÝ` gwImMm AZw^d Ambobm, Aem H¥$VmW© nwê$fmg dmXmnmgyZ
{_idmd`mMo H$m` ? åhUyZ har~moY gmoSy>Z Xwgè`mer dmX H$aUo åhUOo Kar H$m_YoZy
AgyZ eoOmar VmH$mMr ^rH$ _mJUo gmaIoM hmo`.
qMVbobo H$m`© {gÕ H$aUmam Iam qMVm_Ur hmVr AgVmZm Ë`mMoH$S>o
H$mMoMo VwH$S>o _mJÊ`mà_mUo, har~moY AgVmZm dmXmMr BÀN>m H$aUo ho X[aÐr bjU
Amho. AWdm qMVm_Ur AgVm H$arŸ& V`m _mJo H$mM I§S>o narŸ& Vmo OÝ_ X[aÐr
{^H$marŸ& ^mJy ZoUo gd©WmŸ&& H$ënVê$ qMVm_Ur d H$m_YoZy `m X¥ï>mÝVmZr, _w_wjy
Agmo, gmYH$ Agmo H$s {gÕ Agmo, dmXm_mJo bmJUo åhUOo kmZ_mJ© gmoSy>Z,
gmYZmnmgyZ ^«ï> hmoD$Z, AmS>_mJm©bm bmJUogmaIo Amho, Ago g_WmªZr gwMdbo
Amho. g_W© åhUVmV, ""Vodr lrgX²Jwê$^ŠVŸ& H$ê$ bmJVm dmX dodmXŸ& VoUo
ewÕ kmZmMm nWŸ& MwH$mo{Z JobmŸ&& Vñ_mX dmXdodmX gmoS>mdmŸ& gwI g§dmX
gd©Wm H$amdmŸ& ~«÷Jmoi AdKm ^amdmŸ& lram_XmgoŸ&&''
AVr _yT> Ë`m ÑT> ~wÕr AgoZmŸ&
AVr H$m_ Ë`m am_ {MÎmt dgoZmŸ&
AVr bmo^ Ë`m jmo^ hmoB©b OmUmŸ&
AVr drfB© gd©Xm X¡Ý`dmUmŸ&&64Ÿ&&
Á`mbm Amnbo {hV H$emV Amho, ho g_Obo Amho Agm _w_wjw,
àË`j na_mW© gmYZoV Agbobm gmYH$, Am{U nyU© {Z:g§Xoh hmoD$Z
AmË_àË`` Ambobm {gÕ, `m {VKm§Zrhr dmXmV nSy> Z`o, Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV
gm§{JVbo. hr VrZhr _mUgo ñdH$ë`mU OmUyZ `mo½` _mJm©bm bmJbobr
_mUgo. Aem§Zr dmXmV nS>Uo åhUOo ehmUo AgyZ _yI©nUm nXar
KoVë`mgaIo hmoVo. AmVm Á`m§Zm ñd{hV H$iV Zmhr, Oo Kmoa AkmZm_wio
{df`mgŠV hmoVmV, Aem na_mWm©nmgyZ nam“_wI Agboë`m ~ÕmMr AdñWm
H$er AgVo, Vo `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
`m ûcmoH$mV àË`oH$ MaUmMo Ama§^r g_W© AVr hm eãX `mo{OVmV.
"A{V gd©Ì dÁ`©`oV' qH$dm "A{V VoWo _mVr' Ago Zoh_r åhQ>bo OmVo.
142 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 143

H$moUVrhr Jmoï> ~ar Agmo dm dmB©Q> Agmo Vr A{V-A{Ve` Pmbr H$s gd©
{~KS>bo. ehmUnU Mm§Jbo nU A{V ehmUnU Ho$ìhmhr dmB©Q>. _yI©nUm dmB©Q>M.
nU A{V_yI©nUm Ë`mhÿZhr dmB©Q>. nwÌ H$iÌ XmamŸ& BVwH$mMr _mZw{Z`m§ WmamŸ&
{dgamoZ Jobm B©ídamŸ& Vmo EH$ _wI©Ÿ&& (Xm. 2-1-40) `mbmM ~Õ Agohr
åhUVmV. ZoÌt Ðì` Xmam nmhmdrŸ& ldUt Ðì` Xmam EoH$mdrŸ& qMVZt Ðì`Xmam
qMVmdrŸ& `m Zmd ~ÕŸ&& (Xm. 5-7-40) H$ar na_mWm©Mm Ë`mJŸ& `m Zmd
~ÕŸ& hm Pmbm _yI© qH$dm ~Õ. AmVm AVr_yI© qH$dm AVr ~Õ H$moU ? g_W©
åhUVmV, ""na_ _yIm©_mOr _yI©Ÿ& Omo g§gmar _mZr gwIŸ& `m g§gmaXw:Im
Eog| Xw:IŸ& AmUrH$ ZmhrŸ&&''(Xm. 2-10-40) `mMo {R>H$mUr V_moJwUmMo
àm~ë` Agë`m_wio, Ë`mMr pñWa~wÕr ZgVo. BVHo$M Zìho Va {dnarV ~wÕr
AgVo. AY_© Y_©{_Vr `m _Ý`Vo V_gmd¥VmŸ& gdm©Wm©pÝdnarVm§íM
~w{Õ: gm nmW©Vm_grŸ&& (^. Jr. 18-32)
hr ~wÕr Y_m©bm AY_© g_OVo d H$m`m©~Ôb `m ~wÕrMr {dnarV,
CbQ> g_OyV AgVo _J Aem ~wÕrbm `mo½` Vmo {Z{íMVnUm H$gm AgUma ?
ÑT> ~wÕr åhUOo ì`dgm`mpË_H$ ~wÕr, {ZíM` ñd^mdmMr ~wÕr. hm {ZíM`
H$moUVm ? B©ídamdmMyZ H$m§hrŸ& {O`o Am{UH$ bmUr ZmhrŸ&& B©ídamdmMyZ
{Obm AÝ` Aml` ñWmZ Zmhr Aer hr ~wÕr, nma_m{W©H$ ÑT> ~wÕr, {dnarV
g_OyVrMo, A{V _yT>mMo, {R>H$mUr AgV Zmhr, Ë`mMr CbQ>rM g_OyV AgVo.
_m{Zbm àn§Mr AmZ§XŸ& Ho$bm na_mWu {dZmoXŸ& ^«m§V _yT> _{V_§XŸ& bmoYbm
H$m_tŸ&& (Xm. 5-3-57) Xw:Iê$n g§gmamV AmZ§X _mZyZ Vmo na_mW© WÅ>odmar
ZoVmo Am{U H$m_mgŠV hmoVmo. CËH$Q> H$m_Zo_wio H$m` hmoVo ho Xwgè`m MaUmV ñnï>
Ho$bo Amho. _Zwî`mg CbQ>r àd¥Îmr åhUOo H$ê$ Z`o Vo H$amdo Ago dmQ>Umè`m
~wÕrMo ~rO `m H$m_mV Amho. `m H$m_mVyZM H«$moY bmo^m{X{dH$ma CËnÝZ
hmoVmV. H$m_ åhUOo {df` dmgZm. {df`m{^bmf _J Vmo ñÌrg§~§Yr Agmo
qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`m AmdS>Ë`m {df`mg§~§Yr Agy-Xo. hm H$m_ _Zwî`mMm XwO©`
Agm d¡ar Amho. H$maU BÀN>m ZgVmhr nmn KS>{dUmam hm H$m_M, åhUyZ
Á`mZo H$m_ qOH$bm, Ë`mZo OJ qOH$bo, Aer åhU Amho. Agm H$m_ CËH$Q>
OoWo AgUma VoWo am_mMr AmR>dU H$moRy>Z ? CËH$Q> H$m_mZo ì`mßV Aem
{MÎmmV am_mbm Wmam H$gm {_imdm ? H$m_ Amho VoWo am_ Zmhr d am_
Amho VoWo H$m_ Zmhr. nwT>o 87 ì`m ûcmoH$mV g_W© åhUVmV, ""_wIr am_
Ë`m H$m_ ~mYy eHo$ZmŸ&'' EH$m å`mZm§V XmoZ Vbdmar Zm§XV ZmhrV. Mmho
MmIo ào_agŸ& Mmho amIo _mZŸ& EH$ å`mZ _o Xmo IS>J²Ÿ& XoIm gwZm Z H$mZŸ&&
OoWo A{V H$m_ VoWo EH${dY ^ŠVr Zmhr. nU OoWo A{V H$m_ VoWo A{V bmo^
_mÌ hmoVmo. XmoKm§Mr CËnÎmr aOmoJwUmnmgyZ hmoVo. bmo^: àd¥{Îmamaå^: H$_©Um_e_:
ñn¥hmŸ& aOñ`oVm{Z Om`ÝVo {dd¥Õo ^aVf©^Ÿ& (^. Jr. 14-12) aOmoJwU CËnÝZ
hmoD$Z dmT>bm H$s Vmo W¡ W¡ ZmMdVmo. ñdñW ~gyM XoV Zmhr. {MÎm Mm§Më`
{Z_m©U H$[aVmo. Ë`m_wio Ag_mYmZ d¥Õr nmdVo d A\$mQ> bmo^ dmT>Vmo,
naXmam{XH$ nS>oŸ& nar {dê$Õ Eog| ZmdS>oŸ& _J eoir`oMo{Z VmoS>|Ÿ& g¡Y MmarŸ&&
(km. 14-229) hm R>m`dar bmo^yŸ&& (230) Aer {df` V¥îUm dmT>br-{df`
godZmMr CËH$Q> hmd {Z_m©U Pmbr H$s gd© OrdZ H$ï>_` hmoVo. Ombt {dfB©
d¥{Îm AZmdaŸ& ÑT> Y[abm g§gmaŸ& na_mW©MM©oMm {dMmaŸ& _{iU PmbmŸ&&
(Xm. 5-3-55)
{df`mV Jw§J Pmboë`m _Zmbm na_mWm©Mr AmR>dU H$er ìhmdr ? _moS>
KoVbm na_mWm©MmŸ& hì`mg Y[abm àn§MmMmŸ& ^ma dm{hbm Hw$Qw>§~mMmŸ&
H$m~mS>r OmbmŸ&& (Xm. 5-3-56)
VwH$mam_ _hmamOhr åhUVmV, ""Am`wî` doMmo{Z Hw$Qw>§~ nmo{eboŸ&
H$m` {hV Ho$bo gm§Jm ~mnmŸ&& \w$H$mMm MmH$a Pmbmgr H$m~mS>rŸ& Zmhr
gwI KS>r ^moJmd`mŸ&& VwH$m åhUo Eogo Am`wî` Zm{gboŸ& nmn Vo g§{Mbo
nVZmgrŸ&&'' A{V _yI©Vo_wio qH$dm AkmZm_wio gwI H$m` Vo {df`mVM
Amho, `m g_OwVrZo gwIê$n Aem AmË_mam_mH$S>o Xwb©j hmoD$Z hr AZW©
na§nam AmoT>dVo. ÑT> ~wÕr Zgë`mMm hm n[aUm_. AlÔYmZ: nwê$fm
Y_©ñ`mñ` na§VnŸ& Aàmß` _m§ {ZdV©ÝVo _¥Ë`yg§gmadË_©{ZŸ&& (^. Jr.
9-3) AZmË_k _yT> ho AmË_kmZê$n Y_m©da lÕm Z R>o{dë`m_wio
_mÂ`mnmgyZ {dÝ_wI hmoD$Z _¥Ë`y g§gma _mJm©V {\$aV amhVmV. nmho§ nm§ XyY
n{dÌ Am{U JmoS>Ÿ& `mgt ËdMo{M`m nXamAmS>Ÿ& n[a Vo Aìhoê$qZ
Jmo{MS>Ÿ& AewÕ H$m` ZoKVrŸ&& (km. 9-57) H$mVS>rÀ`m nXamnbrH$S>o
Agbobo n{dÌ d JmoS> XyY gmoSy>Z Am§Mimda ~gbobo Jmo{MS> aŠVM nrV
Zmhr H$m` ? VgmM V¡gm öX`m_Ü`| _r am_yŸ& AgVm gd© gwImMm
Amam_yŸ& H$s¨ ^«m§Vm{g H$m_yŸ& {df``mdarŸ&& (km. 9-60) åhUyZ {df`bmobwn
hm X¡Ý`dmUm, Ago g_W© åhUVmV, ""`ohbmoH$s¨Mm g§{MVmW©Ÿ& nabmoH$s¨Mm
na_mW©Ÿ& g§{MVo{dU doW©Ÿ& OrV _obmŸ&&'' (Xm. 18-7-8)
144 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 145

ZH$mo X¡Ý`dmU| {OUo ^{ŠVD$U|Ÿ&
A{V _yI© Ë`m gd©Xm Xw:I XyU|Ÿ&
Yat ao _Zm AmXa| àr{V am_tŸ&
ZH$mo dmgZm ho_Ym_t {dam_tŸ &&65Ÿ&&
Omo A{V_yT> AgVmo Vmo H$m_ bmo^m{XH$m_wio {df`mgŠV H$gm hmoVmo
d Ë`mMo OrdZ H$ï>_` X¡Ý`dmUo hmoVo, ho _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo. Ago
{H$igdmUo OrdZ H$m ZH$mo, _mZd XohmV ^ŠVrMr Amdí`H$Vm H$m`, ho `m
ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
~m _Zm, ^{ŠVhrZ Ago {H$igdmUo OrdZ ZH$mo. g§gmar Ord _mohmZo
{df`mV Jw§VyZ bwãY hmoVmo d Ë`m_wio ho ~hþ_mob, Abä` _mZdr OrdZ newdV²
X¡Ý`dmUo hmoVo. g§gmamV {df`m§Mo ZmXmZo Xw:ImMo MQ>Ho$ ~gV AgVmV, Ë`m§Mm
AZw^d `oVmo. {Za§VZ Xw:I H$moUmbmM ê$MV Zmhr nU Vo ^moJmdoM bmJVo. Ago
AgyZhr _mZdmMr nmnH$_m©V àd¥{Îm ghO AgVo. nwÊ` H$_© H$amdo Ago dmQ>V
Zmhr. Ë`m_wio Vmo Xw:IM ^moJrV amhVmo. nmn H$moUVo, nwÊ` H$moUVo, `mMm
WmoS>Š`mV ñnï> {dMma Agm nwÊ` H$_© Vo B©ídañ_aUŸ& nmn H$_© Vo
{dñ_aUŸ&& H$_© \$b XmVm Oa B©ída Amho Va gÎmmdmZmbm {dgê$Z H$go
Mmbob. Omo AÝZ XoVmo CXamgrŸ& eara {dH$md| bmJo Ë`mgrŸ& _m§ OoU|
KmVb| OÝ_mgrŸ& Ë`m{g H¡$g| {dgamdoŸ&& (Xm. 3-10-55) nmoQ>mbm AÝZ
XoUmè`m _mbH$mMr _Ou g§^mimdr bmJVo. Ë`mMo ào_mgmR>r, H¥$nogmR>r
am̧{Xdg am~mdo bmJVo, Ë`mMr Amkm nmimdr bmJVo. _J Á`mMo
ApñVËdmda OJm`Mo Ë`m B©ídambm {dgaUo, Ë`mMr Amkm Z nmiUo, ho H$m`
ehmUnU Pmbo ? Ë`m na_oídamMo Amnë`mda {H$Vr CnH$ma AmhoV `mMr
OmUrdM AmnUmg ZgVo. _mVoÀ`m CXamV AgVmZmM AJmdy XwYmMr
ì`dñWm H$moU H$aVmo ? nwT>o bmJUmè`m YmÝ`mgmR>r nO©Ý`d¥ï>r H$moU H$[aVmo ?
ídmgmoÀN²>dmgmMo ê$nmZo Mmbboë`m àmUmg JVr H$moU XoVmo ? d¡ídmZa ê$nmZo
AÝZnMZ H$moU H$[aVmo ? PmonoVyZ OmJm H$moU H$aVmo ? OmJ Amë`mda Pmon
Mm§Jbr bmJyZ g_mYmZ Pmë`mMr OmUrd H$moU XoVmo ? eara, B§{Ð`o, _Z,
~wÕr hr Pmonbobr nmhUmam gmjr VmoM d OmJ Amë`mda Ah§H$mambm OmUrd
XoD$Z Ë`mMo H$adr gwImMm AZw^d dX{dUmam VmoM hm B©ída. Eogm gmjr
Ag§J {MÐþnŸ& Á`mgr ZbJo nwÊ` nmnŸ& CnmYrMm Zmhr bonŸ& Vo ñdê$n B©ídamMoŸ&
(Zm. ^. gyÌ Xo. 63) Aem Á`m B©ídamda Amnbo gd©ñd Adb§~yZ Amho,
Ë`mMo ñ_aU ZH$mo H$m ? Ë`mMo~Ôb ào_ ZH$mo H$m ? ào_ Agob VoìhmM ñ_aU
hmoVo. ào_ hrM ^ŠVr. ^JdX²^ŠVr dmMyZŸ& OÝ_mMo gmW©H$ Zìho OmUŸ&&
^ŠVr _mZd OÝ_mVM eŠ`. _Zwî`Xohmdm§MmoZrŸ& newnjm{X ZmZm `moZrŸ& Ë`m
{df`^moJmbmJmo{ZŸ& {df`ÀN>oXZt ZaXohŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 9-371) BVa `moZrV
gm_mÝ` ^moJ ^moJÊ`mì`{V[aŠV H$mhr H$aVm `oV Zmhr. ho gm_mÝ` ^moJ åhUOo
Amhma, {ZÐm, ^`, _¡WwZ. ho gm_mÝ` ^moJ ZaXohmVhr AmhoV nU `m gm_mÝ`
^moJkmZm{edm` _mZdmMo {R>H$mUr nmnnwÊ`, ~ao dmB©Q> g_OÊ`mMo {deof kmZ
AgVo. Ë`m kmZmMm Cn`moJ H$aVm Ambm Zmhr Va neyV d _Zwî`mV \$aH$
H$moUVm ? Z gm{YVm AmË_kmZŸ& Ho$di Oo {df`r OZŸ& Vo ídmZgyH$am§narg
hrZŸ& _mUwgnU Ë`m§ ZmhtŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 9-369) neynojmhr hrZ H$m
åhQ>bo ? ney§Zm {deof kmZM Zmhr Va Ë`m§Zr H$m` H$amdo ? new nmnnwÊ` H$m`
Vo OmUVrŸ& _Zwî`m `m arVr R>mCH$s`mŸ& kmZ AgyZ neynojm hrZ hmoUo
hoM X¡Ý`dmUo VwH$mam_ _hmamO åhUVmV, ""VarM OÝ_m `mdoŸ& Xmg
{dÇ>bmMo ìhmdoŸ&& Zmhr Var H$m` WmoS>rŸ& ídmZeyH$ao ~mnwS>rŸ&&''
A{V _yIm©bm Xwhoar Xw:I ^mJmdo bmJVo. {df`dmgZo_wio X¡Ý` d Xw:I
Am{U ^ŠVrÀ`m A^mdr Iè`m gwImMr hmZr Ago Xwhoar ZwH$gmZ hmoVo.
{MÎmem§{V ho gwImMo H$maU Amho nU {df`ñn¥hm hr {MÎmmbm em§Vr XoV
Zmhr d {df` {da{hV, B§{Ð`mVrV Ago Oo gwI Vo ^ŠVr{edm` àmßV hmoV Zmhr.
Agm Xwhoar VmoQ>m hmoVmo. åhUyZ _J g_W© åhUVmV, "~m _Zm, gwdU©
àmgmX, Eof Amam_, `m§Mr dmgZm gmoSy>Z CËH$Q> ^mdmZo am_mda ào_ H$a,
VmoM gd© gwImMo ñWmZ Amho.' `mo do ^y_mVËgwI§Ÿ& Zmëno gwI_pñVŸ&
Xoe, H$mb, dñVy BË`m{XH$m§Zr _`m©{XV hmoUmè`m H$moUË`mhr nXmWm©V gwI
Zmhr. B©ídamdrU H$m_Zm nmhoŸ& H$mbÌ`r Xw:I{M AmhoŸ& H$m_ZoMm Zme
hmo`oŸ& Var bmho AmZ§XŸ&& (Am. gm. {g. 1-23) gwdU©àmgmX ñÌr, nwÌ,
YZ BË`m{X {df` Oa gwIê$nM AgVo Va Ë`mV gdm©ZmM gd©H$mir gwI
Pmbo nm{hOo nU Vgo hmoV Zmhr. hm AZw^d Amho. amOmbm amOdmS>m gwwImMm
dmQ>Vmo Va {daŠV nwê$fmbm Vmo ZaH$ dmQ>Vmo. Ë`mbm ^ñ_, ê$Ðmj_mbm
`mVM AmZ§X dmQ>Vmo. gwerb d gw{dMmar _wbmnmgyZ gwI hmoVo.nU VmoM erb^«ï>,
XwamMmar Pmë`mg Xw:I hmoVo. ñÌr ào_i gmpËdH$ Agob Va gwI hmoVo. nU VrM
XwamMmar ~Zbr H$s Xw:I hmoVo. `mà_mUo {df`gwI ho Aën, _Ë`© Agë`m_wio
Xw:Iê$nM hmo`. åhUmo{Z Omo ^y_m Vo A_¥VŸ& Oo Aën Vo _Ë`© {Z[íMVŸ&
146 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 147

`mgmR>r _Zmbm gm§JVmV, ZH$mo ao _Zm ho_ Ym_r {dam_rŸ&
`mda Aer EH$ e§H$m `oB©b H$s "H$m_ZoMm Zme hmo`o Var bmho AmZ§X'
Ago Oa Amho Va B©ída àmßV~ÔbMr H$m_Zm hr Var EH$ H$m_ZmM Zìho H$m` ? _Z
Vr gwIê$n H$er ? B©ídamMo JmoS> M[aÍ` EoH$mdo. gw§Xa ê$n ñ_amdo, H$sV©Z H$amdo,
Aer Anojm AgUo hm H$m_M. _J hr H$m_Zm Var H$m Agmdr ? `mMo CÎmadZmVrb
PmS>mMm Xm§S>m KmbyZ Hw$èhmS>rZo dZ VmoSy>Z Ogm àH$me {_idm`Mm VgoM
B©ída H$m_ZoZo, H$m_Zm VmoSy>Z AmZ§X àmßV H$ê$Z ¿`md`mMm Amho. åhUyZ B©ída
H$m_Zm hr H$m_Zm Zìho. g§gma AaÊ`mMoMrŸ& H$m_ H$mï> Var Ë`mMrŸ& H$[aVm
Xm§S>r ^ŠVr Hw$èhmS>rMrŸ& _Z{M VmoS>r dZ g§gmamMoŸ&& Ed§ {df` dmgZo doJimŸ&
Vmo H$m_ _mojXm`H$ _moH$imŸ&& åhUmo{Z Vmo Z åhUmdm H$m_Ÿ& Á`mg BpÀN>V
AmË_mam_Ÿ&& gaH$mar ZmoH$amZo gmd©O{ZH$ g^oV ^mJ KoD$ Z`o Agm H$m`Xm Agbm
Var _w»` _§Í`m§Mo gmd©O{ZH$ gËH$ma g^oV ZmoH$amZo ^mJ KoUo ~oH$m`Xoera Zmhr.
CbQ> ^mJ Z KoUo hoM ~oH$m`Xoera.
Zìho gma g§gma hm Kmoa AmhoŸ&
_Zm g‚mZm gË` emoYy{Z nmhoŸ&
OZt drf ImVm nwT>| gyI H¢$Mo ?Ÿ&
H$ar ao _Zm Ü`mZ `m amKdmM|Ÿ &&66Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV ^ŠVrdrU {OUo OJy ZH$mog. Vo Xwhoar Xw:IH$maH$
AgyZ Ë`mZo _yI©Ëd nXamV `oVo. ho_Ym_m{X {df`mV IwembM|Sy>à_mUo Z
a§JVm am_mda ào_ H$a, Ago _Zmbm gm§{JVbo. ÷m ûcmoH$mV {df`r-OrdZmV
YmoH$m H$moUVm Vo gm§JVmV.
~m _Zm, {df` ho j[UH$ Xw:Iê$nM AmhoV. Ë`mV {Ma§VZ
gwI Zmhr. Ë`mVM Jw§VyZ am{hbmg Va VwÂ`m _mJMo g§gmaMH«$ gwQ>Uma Zmhr.
g§gmaMH«$ åhUOo OÝ__aU na§nam. OÝ_mbm `mdo, {df` ^mJmdo AZ² _amdo,
nwÝhm OÝ_mbm `mdo Ago ho ahmQ>JmS>Jo Amho. g_W© åhUVmV, `oH$
_ao `oH$ [aV|Ÿ& [aV| _mJwV| ^aV|Ÿ& ^aVo§{h [aV| hmoV|Ÿ& H$mim§VarŸ&& Eogr
ho g¥ï>rMr MmbrŸ& g§n{Îm XwnmaMr gmCbrŸ& d`ogm Var {ZKmo{Z JobrŸ& hiyhiyŸ&&
(Xm. 17-7-27,28) OÝ_mbm Ambo H$s _aU AmhoM. gd© g§Vm§Zr `m g§gmamMo
^`mZH$ AgoM dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. g_W© g§gmambm _hmnya åhUVmV, ""g§gma
åhUOo _hmnyaŸ& _mOr OiMa| AnmaŸ& S>§Iy§ YmdVr {dImaŸ& H$mign©Ÿ&&''
(Xm. 3-10-1) `m g§gmamV Amem, __Vm, H$m_H«$moYm{X ImXmS> ObMao
AmhoV, Agm hm _hmnya Amho. Aem g§gmamV gwI _mZUmam ehmUm
åhUmdm H$m` ? ~m _Zm, _r åhUVmo Vo Iao H$s ImoQ>o `mMm VyM {dMma H$a. `m
g§gmaMH«$mVyZ gwQ>Ê`mg ZaXohmVM g§Yr Amho d _mJ©hr EH$M Amho. Vmo
åhUOo {ddoH$.
_Zm, gmamgma {dMma H$ê$Z gË` Agob Vo Vy§ A§JrH$ma.
AS>MUrVyZ {dMmamZo ~mhoa nS>UmamM ehmUm. Omo H$moUr g_OyZ nmho Ë`mg
KS>oŸ&& H$moUË`mhr JmoîQ>rMr `mo½`m`mo½`Vm VrZ Jmooï>tZr nmhVmV. Ë`m VrZ Jmoï>r
åhUOo emñÌà{MVr, Jwê$à{MVr d AmË_à{MVr. emñÌ gm§JVo H$s ~w{Õ_mZ
_Zwî` Bï> hmoUmao lo` {ZdSy>Z KoVmo-åhUOo na_ H$ë`mUH$mar _mJ© ñdrH$maVmo.
`ÀN´>o`:ñ`mV² {ZpíMV§ ~«y{h VÝ_oŸ& (^. Jr. 2-7) Ago AOw©Z åhUVmo. Am{U
_§X ~wÕrMm _Zwî` B§{Ð` _ZmÀ`m AmoT>rbm ~ir nSy>Z VmËH$m{bH$ gwI XoUmao
ào` åhUOo {à` {df` ñdrH$maVmo. åhUyZ ehmÊ`mZo lo` {ZdSy>Z ¿`mdo. Jwê$Mmhr
hmM CnXoe AgVmo. g_W© {eî`mbm åhUVmV, ""Oar hm àn§M emídV OmUVmoŸ&
Var Amåhr `mgrM Y[aVmoŸ& hm AemídV åhUmo{Z aS>VmoŸ&
Vwåhm^modVrŸ&&'' Amåhmbm b§JmoQ>r bmdyZ qhS>UoMr hm¡g H$m Amho ? hm emídV
gwI XoUmam AgVm Va Amåhrhr Ë`mbmM {MH$Qy>Z am{hbmo AgVmo. na§Vw `m
g§gmamV, ~wS>Vo ho OZ nhmdoZm S>moimŸ& åhUmo{Z H$idim `oV AgoŸ&&
Ago g‚mZ gm§JVmV. AmVm ñdàMrVr nm{hbr Va H$m` {XgVo ? OÝ_VmZm
Xw:I AmHw$§{MV ÛmamVyZ `oVmZm H$moU hmb, _aVmZm Xw:I, H$maU gd© `oWoM
amhmd`mMo d AmnU EH$Q>oM hmVnm` PmSy>Z Om`Mo {Od§V AgVmZm H$go
H$ê$, H$m` H$ê$ hr aS> AmhoM. åhUOo OÝ_, OrdZ d _aU {VÝhr Xw:Iê$nM.
hm ñdmZw^d gË` Zmhr H$m ? åhUOo {VÝhr à{MVtZr gË` H$m` `mMm emoY
KoVë`mg, g§gma hm Kmoa Amho ho gË` àH$Q> hmoVo. {df Imë`mda gwI H$go
hmoUma ? hmb d eodQ>r _aUM. {df` H$m_Zm hoM _wir {df Amho.
{Xgm`bm JmoS> nU n[aUm_ {dfmMm. _Zwî` daÀ`m gm|Jmbm ^wbVmo. H$Sy>
{df` dmQ>o JmoSy>Ÿ& JmoSy> na_mW© dmQ>o H$Sy>Ÿ&& hm {dfê$n {df` H$m_Zm
åhUOo g§gma. öX`r H$m_ZoMm Omo {dñVmaŸ& Vmo{M OmUmdm g§gmaŸ&
H$m_Zo H$[aVm Xw:I KmoaŸ& OÝ_ _aUm ^moJVrŸ&&
148 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 149

~hþVoH$ bmoH$ ÷m nwamV dhmV OmVmV. _J gwQ>VmV H$moU ? Oo gË`
Aem AmË_mam_mbm Ami{dVmV, hmH$m _maVmV Vo. VmoM g§gma nwamVyZ
gmoS>dVmo. ~hþVoH$ AmdVu n{S>boŸ& àmUr dmhmV{M JoboŸ& Omoqh ^Jd§Vmgr
~mo^mBboŸ& ^mdmW©~i|Ÿ& Xod AmnU KmbyZ CS>rŸ& V`m§gr Zob| n¡bWS>rŸ& `oa
V| A^m{dH|$ ~mnwS>tŸ& dmhmV{M JobtŸ&& (Xm. 3-10-8,9)
åhUyZ _Zm, ^ŠV H$¡dmar lram_mMo Ü`mZ H$a. Xmg~moY X. 14
g. 8 _Ü`o Ü`mZ H$go H$amdo `mMr g{dñVa _m§S>Ur Ho$br Amho. KQ>nQ>m{X AZoH$
Ñï>m§VmZr ~«÷{gÕmÝV R>moH$bo Var kmZmÕçmZ§ {d{eî`Vo åhUyZ Ü`mZ
nm{hOoM. VaM gmjmËH$ma.
Á`m dñVyMo Ü`mZ H$am`Mo Ë`mMo kmZ Pmë`m{edm` Ü`mZ hmoV Zmhr.
AmYt Xodmgr AmoiImd|Ÿ& _J AZÝ` ^md| ^Omd|Ÿ& AI§S> Ü`mZ{M Yamd|Ÿ&
gdm}Îm_mMo§Ÿ&& (Xm. 14-8-3)
XodmMo ê$n Va Aì`ŠV. dU© Zmhr, ê$n Zmhr, JwU Zmhr Ago. Vo VÐÿn
hmoD$ZM AZw^dmdo bmJVo. Aem Aì`ŠV XodmMo Ü`mZ hmoUo AdKS>. H$maU
Ü`mZ H$aUmam Ü`mVm Oa XohYmar gJwU gmH$ma Amho Va Á`mMo Ü`mZ H$am`Mo
Vo Ü`o` hr gJwU gmH$ma XohYmar AgoM hdo. ZmaX Y«wdmbm åhUmbo,
àgÝZ dXZ, gmH$ma, MVw^w©O Am`wYo YmaU H$aUmar Aer dmgwXodmMr
_yVuM Ü`mZmV AmU. åhUOo Ë`m _yVuMo Ûmam VX«yn hmoD$Z Vy A_yV©
Aem XodmMm AZw^d Koerb. g_W© åhUVmV - gJwUmMo{Z AmYmaoŸ&
{ZJw©U nm{dOo {ZYm©aoŸ&
AmË_mam_ gH$im§MmŸ& Xod XmZd _mZdm§MmŸ& Vmo{M am_ Am_wMmŸ&
Hw$bñdm_rŸ&& gdmªV`m©_r OmUrd ê$nmZo amhmUmam, B§{Ð`m§Zm Moï>{dUmam, Ðï>m,
gmjr, A§VamË_m hm g_WmªMm Aì`ŠV _w»` Xod d ømM XodmMo, gdm©oÎm_ Aem
XmeaWr am_ê$nmZoo ZQ>boë`m ñdê$nmMo Vo Ü`mZ gm§JVmV. gJwU gmH$ma amKdmMo
ê$nmV,Zm_mV, JwUdU©ZmV, H$s{V© ldUmV _Z EH$mJ«, V„rZ hmoVo d Ago
gJwU Ü`mZ H$aVm H$aVm, Ü`mVm d Ü`o` `m§Mo VmXmËå` hmoD$Z g{ƒXmZ§X
Aem Aì`ŠV AmË_mam_mMm AZw^d `oVmo d VoM Amnbo ê$n H$iVo. Ed§M
àm{U_mÌmMmŸ& AmË_m Vmo{M lrH¥$îUmMmŸ& Eogm {gÕmÝV _ZmMmŸ& R>m_
Pmbm nm{hOoŸ&& (XmgJUy)
AmnUM AmË_ê$n Amhmo `mMm EH$X_ {ZíM` hmoV Zmhr. åhUyZ
gdm©oÎm_ amKdmMo _mÜ`_ ñdrH$mê$Z AmË_ê$n OmUmd`mMo. åhUyZ g_W©
åhUVmV, H$ar ao _Zm.....
KZí`m_ hm am_ bmdÊ` ê$nrŸ&
_hm§ Yra J§^ra nyU© àVmnrŸ&
H$ar g§H$Q>r godH$mMm Hw$T>mdmŸ&
à^mV| _Zr am_ qMVrV OmdmŸ &&67Ÿ&&
_mJrb íbmoH$mV Agma Aem ^`mZH$ g§gmamMo ñdê$n gm§JyZ
Ë`mVyZ gwQ>UogmR>r, gJwU amKdê$nmZo ZQ>boë`m AmË_ê$nmMo Ü`mZ H$a, Ago
_Zmbm gm§{JVbo. `m íbmoH$mV gJwU amKdê$nmZo AdVaboë`m lr am_am`mMo
ê$n d JwU dU©Z H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm AmR>dyZ, Zm_ñ_aU {ZË` H$arV Om, Ago
gm§JVmV. Zm_ñ_aU gd©H$mi Agmdo nU àmV:H$mbr Zm_qMVZ {ZË` Agmdo
Ago gm§JVmV.
{Vgè`m íbmoH$mV àW_ MaUmZoM à^mVo _Zr am_ qMVrV OmdmŸ&
nwT>o d¡Iar - Aer gwédmV g_WmªZr Ho$br. `oWo Odi Odi Xhm ûcmoH$mV
àË`oH$ ûcmoH$mMm eodQ>Mm MaU EH$M Amho, Vmo åhUOo à^mVo _Zr am_
[§M§VrV OmdmŸ&
gd© gmYZmV Zm_ ho gmono d loð> gmYZ Amho nU Ë`mMo loð>Ëd
H$em_wio `mMr, OmUrd Zgë`m_wio, ho gmYZ gmno AgyZhr Ë`mH$S>o Xwb©j
hmoVo. VwH$mam_ åhUVmV, ""VwH$m åhUo Amho gmono gdm©hÿZrŸ& ehmUm Vmo
YUr KoVmo `oWoŸ&'' Á`mbm `m gmYZmVrb d_© g_Obo Ë`mbm Ë`mMr
AmdS> CËnÝZ hmoVo. åhUyZ Zm_mMo _hËd H$emV Amho ho nmhÿ.
na_oídamÀ`m AdVmam§Mo ê$n, JwU H$s{V© BË`m{XH$m§Mo. ldU H$sV©Z
H$emgmR>r H$am`Mo ? Ë`mZo H$m` hmoVo ? gJwU M[aÌo na_ n{dÌo h[aMr
dUm©drŸ& nU ho H$m ? `mMo WmoS>Š`mV CÎma Ago Amho - g§gma ~§Y H$moR>o
Amho ? Vmo {MÎmmV Amho. _J _m`oZo ì`m{nboë`m {MÎmmMm AmH$ma Oa _m`mnVr
^JdmZ `mZo ì`m{në`m_wio ^JdXmH$ma Pmbm, Va ~§Y H$gm amhrb ? bmJVm§
gy`m©Mo {H$aUŸ& K¥VmM| Zmgo H${R>UnUŸ& Vodt àJQ>ë`m Zmam`UŸ& Z \$mo{S>Vm§
OmU {b§JXoh ZmeoŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 20-376) ^Jd§VmÀ`m A§V:gm{ÝZÜ`mMo ho
\$b Amho. ^Jd§VmMo AdVma H$m`m©Mo gVV ldU H$sV©ZmZo Ë`mMog§~§Yr ào_
CËnÝZ hmoVo. `m ào_m_wio, ñZohm_wio {MÎm AmЩ hmoVo. bmI nmVi Pmbr H$s
150 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 151

Ë`mV Omo a§J {_gimdm Vmo Vr YmaU H$[aVo, KÅ> Pmë`mdahr Vmo Vr gmoS>rV
Zmhr. Ë`mMà_mUo ^JdËào_mZo AmЩ Pmbobo {MÎm gmpÎdH$ ~ZVo d ^JdXmH$ma
YmaU H$[aVo. Vmo AmH$ma ÑT> hmoVmo. `m ewÕ ^mdmgM ^º$semñÌmV aVr, amJ,
àrVr Aer Zmdo AmhoV. `m ewÕ ^mdmV B§{Ð` gwIoÀN>oMm A^md AgVmo d
`m_wioM ñdoX amo_m§M, AmZ§Xmly B. Aï> gmpËdH$ ^md CËnÞ hmoVmV.
AYm©oÝ_r{bV S>moioŸ& df©Vm{V AmZ§XOi|Ÿ& Am§Vw{b`m gwImo_uMo{Z ~i|Ÿ&
~mho[a H$mnoŸ&& (km. 9-528) g§O`mÀ`m AdñWoMo ho dU©Z Amho. Eogm
_hmgwImMo{Z A{Vag|Ÿ& OoWo AmQ>Ur hmoB©b OrdXeoŸ&& Ago ho ~§YZ
VmoS>Umao, OrdXem AmQ>Ur H$aUmao ^º$s agm`Z Amho. `m ^º$s gwImbm
n§M_ nwê$fmW© åhUVmV. `mMo_wio hmoUmao _hmgwI BVHo$ M{dï>, _Ywa Amho
H$s Ë`mnwT>o _mojhr VwÀN> dmQ>Vmo. _moj gwIm Amåhr hm{U`oë`m bmWmŸ& VoWo
`m àmH¥$Vm H$moU _mZrŸ&& (VwH$m.) nm§Sw>a§JmÀ`m ^OZ g_mYrV O| gwI Amåhr
^mo{JVmo, Ë`mnwT>o _mojgwIhr VwÀN> Amho. _J `m àmH¥$V {df`gwImMr H$m`
ndm© ?
åhUyZ àmV:H$mir am_mMo qMVZ - åhUOo ê$n JwU `wº$ Zm_ñ_aU
H$amdo Zm_ gVV ¿`mdoM nU àmV:H$mbMr doi MwH$dy Z`o, Agm `mV ^md
Amho. g§gma ì`mnma gwê$ Pmbm åhUOo Zm_ qMVZ hmoB©bM Ago Zmhr. {ZË`
Zo_ àmV:H$mitŸ& _mÜ`mZH$mir gm`§H$mitŸ& Zm_ñ_aU gd©H$mitŸ& H$arV
Omd|Ÿ&& (Xm. 4-3-3) àmV:H$mbMr doi em§V AgVo. ^modVr JS>~S> ZgVo. nyd©
{dlm§Vr_wio _Z Q>dQ>drV AgVo, àgÞ AgVo. Aem doir {MÎmmMr EH$mJ«Vm
bJoM hmoVo. åhUyZ `m doiobm _hÎd Amho. ^JdXmH$mamZo a§Jbobo _Z nwT>o
ì`dhmambm ZoQ>mZo Vm|S> XoVo. åhUyZ gH$mirM Vo am_r a§JdyZ Q>mH$mdo. Vm|S>mZo Zm_
d _Z _mÌ ^bVrH$S>o ^Q>H$V Amho Ago hmoD$ Z`o, `mgmR>r Ë`mbm am_ -
JwUê$nmV Jw§VdyZ R>odmdo. am_am`mMo ê$n H$go Amho nmhÿ.
lram_ hm _oKdUm©à_mUo gmdim Amho. _XZmbmhr Ë`mdê$Z Amodmimdo
Ago Ë`mMo Jmo{Oao ê$n Amho. AmOmZw~mhÿ, e§ImH¥$Vr H§$R>, _Zmoha hZwdQ>r, hmñ`
dXZ, H$_b Z`Z, {demb djñWb, Aer hr M¡VÝ`mMr AmoVrd _yVu Amho.
Omo bmdÊ`mMm OZH$Ÿ& Omo gm¢X`m©Mm Zm`H$Ÿ& Omo _mVªS> Hw$bXrnH$Ÿ&
MmVw`© {ZYrŸ&& gwIê$n g§Vmofê$nŸ& AmZ§Xê$n hmñ`ê$nŸ& EoŠ`ê$n
AmË_ê$nŸ& gd©Ìm§grŸ&& (Xm. 2-8-25)
ho Pmbo Ë`mMo bmdÊ`ê$n. AmVm Vmo JwUm§Zr H$gm Amho nmhÿ.
~mbnUr _mVm{nË`m§Mo bmS>mV Zm§Xm`Mo, Vmo {dídm{_Ìm§Mo _mJUr Ambr. `wdamO
åhUyZ qghmgZmda ~gUma, Vmo {Obm gmnËZ ^md AgyZhr _mVoà_mUo _mZbo,
Aem H¡$Ho$`r _mVoH$Sy>Z dZdmgmMr _mJUr Ambr. Aem doirhr gd© AS>MUtZm
hmñ`_wImZo H$V©ì` åhUyZ Á`mZo Vm|S> {Xbo, Ë`m lram_mÀ`m Y¡`m©Mo H$m` dU©Z
H$amdo ? Vmo Ogm YramMm VgmM J§^ra, Imob ~wÕrMm, àË`j _mVm {nVm emoH$mZo
ì`mHy$i Pmbobo nmhÿZ Ë`m§Mo g_mYmZ H$aUmar ~wÕr Ë`m ~wÕrnwT>o Hw$bJwê$Zmhr hma
Imdr bmJbr. `w{º$d§V JwUd§V d[að>Ÿ& ~w{Õd§V ~hþ Ym[aîQ>ç (Xm. 2-8-29)
Ë`mÀ`m àVmnmMo dU©Z íbmoH$ H«$. 31 _Ü`o Ambobo Amho. bhmZnUr Ìm{Q>H$m dY,
X§S>H$maÊ`mV hOmam| amjgm§Mm g§hma. aH$ma eãXmbm _m[aM Km~ao, eÌwhoa AH§$nZmZo
amdUmg Oo {ZdoXZ Ho$bo Vo - am_moZm_ _hmVoO: loð>: gd© YZwî_Vm_²Ÿ& {Xì`mñÌ
JwUg§nÞ: nwa§Y_© JVmo `w{YŸ& nU eÌyMm Agm WaH$mn CS>{dUmam am_, eaU
Amboë`mMm Hw$S>mdm åhUOo ajU H$Vm© hmoVmo. gH¥$Xod ànÞm` Vdmpñ_VrM `mMVoŸ&
A^`§ gd© ^yVoä`mo XXmå`oVX² d«V_² __Ÿ&& _r VwPm Amho åhQ>bo H$s nwao. _J
{ZË` àmV:H$mbr Ë`mMo qMVZ Ho$ë`mg Ho$dT>r H¥$nm hmoB©b ? g_W© åhUVmV,
""åhUo Xmg hm am_ VmËH$mi nmdoŸ& H$ar g§H$Q>r godH$mMo Hw$S>mdoŸ& àVmno{M
~«÷m{XH$m gmoS>drbo Ÿ& _hr _§S>imbm{J AmZ§X{dboŸ&&''
~io AmJim am_ H$moX§S>YmarŸ&
_hm§ H$mi {dH«$mi Vmo hr WamarŸ&
nwT>| _mZdm qH$H$am H$moU Ho$dmŸ&
à^mVo _Zr am_ qMVrV OmdmŸ &&68Ÿ&&
`mhr ûcmoH$mV am_mMo ê$n - JwU dU©Z Amho. YZwYm©ar am_ hm ~imZo
looð>, {deof Amho. grVmñd`§damMo doir AZoH$ ~bg§nÞ, gm_Ï`©dmZ amOo
nU qOH$Ê`mgmR>r O_bo hmoVo. nU lram_m{edm` H$moUrhr {edYZwî` CMby
eH$bo Zmhr. _J ^§J H$aUo XyaM. àVmnr amdUgwÕm {Zîà^ R>abm. EdT>o
EH$M CXmhaU Ë`mÀ`m loð>Vo~Ôb nwao Amho. ~imZo AmJim Agm lram_
Amho. _hmH$mbmgmaIm ~bdmZ g_W© H$moU Amho ? H$mbmMr `m {dídmda
A~m{YV gÎmm Amho ho ñnï> Amho. Mmar> ImUr Mmar dmUrŸ& Mm¡è`m§er bj
Ord`moZtŸ& OÝ_m Ambo {VVwHo$ àmUrŸ& _¥Ë` nmdVrŸ&& (Xm. 3-9-37) Agm
152 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 153

hm gd© ^jH$ H$mb lram_mnwT>o _mÌ WaWa H$mnVmo. jwÐ _mZdmMr H$m` H$Wm ?
qH$H$am H$moU Ho$dm - `oWo Ho$dm åhUOo H$Wm, nmS>, VwH$mam_ åhUVmV, ""H$moU
X_ Amho Eogm `m§Mo nmoQ>rŸ& H$m `m MH«$nmUr {dgaVrŸ&&''
Amåhr Xod dJ¡ao H$mhr OmUV Zmhr Ago K_|S>rV _Zwî` åhUVmo. nU ho
åhUUo åhUOo H$mOì`mZo gy`© OmUV Zmhr åhUÊ`mgmaIo Zìho H$m` ? g_W© åhUVmV,
""h[aha ~«÷m{XH$Ÿ& ho O`mMo AmkmYmaH$Ÿ& Vy `oH$ _mZdr a§H$Ÿ& ^Oo{gZm Var
H$m` JoboŸ&&'' (Xm. 6-7-20)
gy`m©da Ww§H$bo, Va ñdV:daM KmU CS>Vo. Vgo Ah§H$mamZo AmË_mam_mbm
VwÀN> JUUo ho Amnbo AmnUM AZ{hV H$aUo hmo`. H$mbmMo CXmhaUmZo Zm_mMr
eº$s A_moK Amho, Ago g_W© gm§JVmV. am_mnwT>o WaWa H$mnUmam H$mb Ë`mÀ`m
Zm_mbmhr Km~aVmo. _X²^ŠVm: `Ì Jm`§{V VÌ {Vð>m{_ ZmaXŸ&& Am{U "Z _o
^º$: àUí`{V' ho ^Jd§VmMo ~«rXdmŠ` Amho. Voofm_h§ g_wÕVm©
_¥Ë`wg§gmagmJamV²Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 12-7) am_H¥$noZoM Ord H$mbmMo H$MmQ>çmVyZ
gwQ>Vmo. hr H¥$nm Zm_{Zð> ^OH$mda AgVo. VnVoOo _hmF$frŸ& Vo H$mimgr Am§XUr
XmgrŸ& am_Zm_r ào_m Á`mgrŸ& H$mi Ë`m nmgr H$m_mamŸ&& AZoH$ Vnñdr F$ftZm
amjgm§Zr _mabo; Ë`m§Mo Aml_ CÜdñV Ho$bo. nU Ooìhm§ {díd{_Ìm§Zr am_mgmR>r
Ymd KoVbr, Voìhm§ gdmªMo ajU Pmbo. VwH$mam_ _hmamO Va åhUVmV, ""H$mi
Jwbm_ H$ar gbm_Ÿ& VwH$`m Kar Vmo Zm§XVmoŸ&& OJm H$mi Im`Ÿ& Amåhr _mWm
{Xbo nm`Ÿ&&''
gwImZ§XH$mar {Zdmar ^`mV|Ÿ&
OZt ^{º$^mdo ^Omdo V`mV|Ÿ&
{ddoH|$ Ë`Omdm AZmMma hodmŸ&
à^mVo _Zt am_ qMVrV OmdmŸ &&69Ÿ&&
`mhr íbmoH$mV am_ê$ndU©Z Amho. hm AmË_mam_ am_ gwI d AmZ§X
XoUmam Amho. H$maU Vmo ñdV:M gwI d AmZ§XmMm R>odm Amho. Oo Á`mÀ`mOdi
AgVo VoM Vmo Xwgè`mg XoD$ eH$Vmo. {Odmbm {_iUmam {df`mZ§X hm Ë`mM
AmZ§XqgYyMm q~Xy Amho. AkmZm_wio Vo Ë`mbm {df`gwI dmQ>Vo. nU Vo Iao
AgVo AmË_gwIM. EVñ`¡dmZ§Xñ`mÝ`m{Z _mÌm_wnOrdpÝVŸ&& gwI AmË_mM
Ho$diŸ& A§e Ë`mMo {df` gwI Ho$diŸ& `mM ~«÷mZ§Xm{M`m A§emVoŸ&
^moJyZr {OVr gd© ^yVoŸ& åhUy{Z Eogr ~hþVoŸ& doXdMZo `o {df`rŸ&& (AmZ§X
gm.) H$moUVmhr {à` nXmW© àmá Pmbm H$s Xwgar ñ\y$VuM amhmV Zmhr. A§V:H$aU
em§V Pmë`mZo, {MÎmmbm {MXdñWm, ghOmdñWm àmá hmoVo d Ë`m_wio gwImZ§XmMm
AZw^d `oVmo. Xwgar ñ\y$Vu Ambr H$s Vmo AmZ§X Zme nmdVmo. EH$ ñ\y$aU b`mg
OmD$Z Xwgao ñ\w$abo Zmhr, Aem _Ü` g§YrV Oo H$mhr CaVo VmoM AmZ§X. gH$imMr
Oo {dñ_¥VrŸ& VrM AmZ§XmMr pñWVrŸ&& ho BVŠ`m PQ>{Xer hmoD$Z OmVo {H$ ho
AmË_gwI Amho ho H$iV ZmhrM, nU Ñí` {df`m_wio gwI Pmbo, Aer {dnarV
^mdZm _mÌ hmoVo. H$moÊ`m dñVyV Oa AmZ§X AgVm Va Vmo H$moUmghr Ho$ìhmhr
{_imbm nm{hOo. nU amoJJ«ñVmg qH$dm {daº$mg YZgwVXmam{XH$m§nmgyZ AmZ§X
hmoV Zmhr. `mdê$Z B©ídamdmMyZ gd© H$m_Zm Xw:Iê$nM AmhoV, Ë`m§Zr Vi_i
OmV Zmhr, ho ñnï> Amho. g_W© åhUVmV, ""O`m§Mm B©ídat {OìhmimŸ& Vo ^mo{JVr
ñdmZ§XgmohimŸ& O`m§Mm OZm doJimŸ& R>odm Amj¡Ÿ& Vo Amj¡ gwI| gwImdboŸ&
g§gmaXw:I| {dgaboŸ& {df`oa§Jr dmoa§JboŸ& lra§Ja§JrŸ&&'' (Xm. 3-10-31, 32)
hm gwImZ§XH$mar am_ ^` {ZdmaU H$[aVmo. Ord {^Vmo H$em_wio ?
Xoh~wÕr_wio, Xohmda ào_ Amho åhUyZ. hr Xoh~wÕrM Zï> Pmë`mda ^rVr
H$emMr ? Xoh~wÕr am_H¥$noZo Zï> hmoVo. AmË_dí`¡{d©Yò mË_m àgmX_{YJÀN>Vr:Ÿ&
àgmX åhUOo àgÞVmŸ& Á`m àgmXo OrdÝ_wº$VmŸ& Úmdr dmQ>o AZ§VmŸ& àgmX
`oWo `m ZmdŸ&& (`. Xr.) ^`mZH$ Aem g§gmagmJamVyZ nma ZoUmam hm AmË_mam_
am_M. åhUyZ gwI_yVu am_ gmoSy> ZH$mo H$XmŸ& VwO Vmo AmnXm bmJmo Z| XrŸ&&
åhUyZ {Ma§VZ gwImZ§X, {Z^©` OrdÝ_wº$Vm nm{hOo Agob Va ZaXoh àmá Pmboë`m§Zr
am_mMo ào_mZo ^OZ H$amdo. Vw_Mr lr_§Vr, nyOoMm WmQ>_mQ> `mH$S>o Vmo bj XoV
Zmhr. Vmo ào_mMm ^wHo$bm Amho. ^Jd§V åhUVmV, ""n¡ ^º$s EH$s _r OmU|Ÿ&
VoW gmZ| Wmoa Z åhU|Ÿ& Amåhr ^mdmMo nmhwUoŸ& ^bVo `mŸ&&'' (km. 9-395)
hm EH$ AW© Pmbm.
g_WmªMr CnmgZm Ho$di ì`{º$JV _`m©{XV ñdê$nmMr Zmhr. Vr ì`mnH$
Amho. CnmgZm gH$im R>mB©Ÿ& AmË_mam_ H$moR>o ZmhrŸ& `m H$maUo R>mB© R>mB©Ÿ&
Xodo AmQ>mo{nboŸ&& åhUyZ OZr åhUOo gd© bmoH$mV am_ nmhm Ago Ë`m§Mo
gm§JUo Amho. `m Xwgè`m AWm©ZwgmaM Vo nwT>o åhUVmV.
na_oídamMr ^º$s H$[aVmZm {ddoH$ewÕ AmMma Agmdm d
H$moUm~Ôbhr _Ëga~wÕr Zgmdr. AZmMmam_wio ñdV:Mmhr AY:nmV hmoVmo d
154 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 155

g_mO {~KS>Vmo åhUyZ "AmMma: na_moY_©:' Ago åhQ>bo Amho. AZmMma åhUOo
loð>m§Zr, doXm§Zr Oo H$ê$ Z`o åhUyZ gm§{JVbo, Vo H$aUo. `m {Z{fÕ H$_m©Zr
{Z{fÕ dmgZm dmT>V OmVmV. {Z{fÕ dmgZm_wio nwZ: {Z{fÕ H$_© KS>Vo d
~wS>Ë`mMm nm` ImobmV Aer AdñWm hmoVo Am{U `m A{dYr H$_m©Zo ZaH$
àmá hmoVmo, Ago lw{V åhUVo - "A{d{YH¥$ÞaH$_íZwVoŸ&&' åhUyZ {deof
AmMma åhUOo dUm©l_ AmMma Oar `m H$mir nmiUo H$R>rU Agbo, Var
gm_mÝ` AmMma nmibmM nm{hOo. {deofV: ^º$s _mJu`mZo Va Vmo Oê$a
nmibm nm{hOo. OoUo {dÇ>b _mÌm ¿dmdrŸ& VoUo nÏ`o gm§^mimdrŸ&& Á`m
A§V:H$aUmV am_mMo qMVZ H$am`Mo Vo ewÕ nm{hOo. Kar EImXm nmhþUm
`md`mMm Agë`mg qH$dm H$moUr A{YH$mar `md`mMm Agë`mg AmnU
ñdÀN>Vm amIVmo. _J Xodm{YXod AmË_mam_mMr à{Vð>mnZm Oa A§V:H$aUmV
H$amd`mMr Va Vo ewÕ ZH$mo H$m ? åhUyZ ^º$mZ| gm_mÝ` Y_© nmibmM nm{hOo.
_ZyZo gm§{JVbobm hm gm_mÝ` Y_© XebjU `wº$ Amho. Y¥{V: j_m
X_mo@ñVo`§ em¡Mq_{Ð` {ZJ«h:Ÿ & lr{dÚm gË`_H«$moYmo Xe_§ Y_©
bjU§Ÿ&& H$moUVrhr AmnÎmr Ambr Var am_mMm {dga nS>Uma Zmhr, Ago
Ym[aîQ>ç nm{hOo. B§{Ð`X_Z nm{hOo, A§V~m©ø ew{MVm nm{hOo. dmJÊ`mV gË`Vm
nm{hOo, AmË_kmZmMr AmdS> nm{hOo, H«$moYmbm ~ir nS>Vm H$m_m Z`o d KS>Vo
Vo gd© B©eBÀN>oZo, Aer ÑT> ~wÕr nm{hOo. hm gm_mÝ` Y_© nmbZ H$aÊ`mg
h„rMm H$mi _wirM AmS>dm `oV Zmhr. `m gm_mÝ` Y_© - nmbZmg g_W©
g§gm[aH$mMm Ë`mJ Ago åhUVmV. gÝ_mJ© Vmo Ordt YaU|Ÿ& AZ _mJm©Mm Ë`mJ
H$aU|Ÿ& g§gm[aH$m§ Ë`mJ `oU|Ÿ& àH$mao EogmŸ&& (Xm. 5-10-2) am_ H¥$nm hdr.
Va EdT>m Ë`mJ ZH$mo H$m ?
BVHo$hr hmoV Zgob Va ^º$s _mJu`mZo {ZXmZ VrZ Jmoï>r Var nmië`mM
nm{hOoV. Ë`mV AZmMma {~bHw$b Cn`moJr Zmhr. VwbgrXmgOtZr øm VrZ Jmoï>r
gm§{JVë`m AmhoV. Ë`m gË` dMZ Aê$brZVmŸ& nañÌr _mVg_mZŸ& BZ
{VZmogo har Zm {_bo Vmo VwbgrXmg O~mZŸ&& gË`dMZ, brZVm d
nañÌr _mVog_mZ _mZUo øm AmMmamMo nmbZ H$ê$Z Oa na_oída àmár
Pmbr Zmhr Va Ë`mbm AmnU Om_rZ, O~m~Xma amhÿ, Ago VwbgrXmg
åhUVmV. `mnojm Amnbr AmUIr H$moUVr gmo` X`miy g§Vm§Zr nmhmdr ?
{H$Vr nmhmdr ? `m VrZ Jmoï>tMo nmbZ åhUOo AmMma d C„§KZ åhUOo
AZmMma. hm AZmMma Ë`Omdm. VgoM Xwgè`m~Ôb hodm Zgmdm. VwH$mo~m
H$moUmMmhr hodm A§V:H$aUmVM ZgUo, hrM gd©oídamMr nyOm Amho, Ago gm§JVmV.
H$moÊ`mhr OrdmMm Z KS>mo _ËgaŸ& d_© gd©oída nyOZmMoŸ&&'' BVa doir hm
gm_mÝ` AmMma nmiyZ gdm©Ë_H$ am_^OZ H$amdo d àmV:H$mir ñdV:Vrb
öX`ñW am_ ñ_amdm Ago g_W© gm§JVmV.
gXm am_Zm_| dXm nyU©H$m_|Ÿ&
H$Xm ~m{YOoZmnXm {ZË` Zo_|Ÿ&
_Xmbñ` hm gd© gmoSy>{Z ÚmdmŸ&
à^mVo _Zt am_ qMVrV OmdmŸ &&70Ÿ&&
{dMmanyd©H$ AZmMma gmoSy>Z, _Ëgaa{hV ào_mZo ^OZ H$amdo Ago _mJrb
ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo. ^JdÞm_ KoVmZm H$moUVo nÏ` nmimdo d Vo KoVë`mZo H$moUVm
bm^ àmá hmoVmo ho `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
nyU© H$m_o `m eãXmMm AW© H$moUr {ZîH$m_nUo Agm Ho$bm Amho H$moUr
H$m_ZmM Zmhrgo H$aUmao am_Zm_ Agm Ho$bm Amho, Va H$moUr Á`m Zm_mZo gd©
H$m_Zm nyU© hmoVmV Ago am_Zm_ Agm AW© Ho$bm Amho. H$m_Zm nyU© H$aUmao Zm_
hm AW© ~am dmQ>Vmo. BVa n`m©` Z nQ>Umao Ago AmhoV. H$m_ øm eãXmZo Z
{~MH$Vm. "H$m_ Agmdm B©ída ^OZr' `m AWm©ZoM hm MaU OmñV ñnï>
AW©dmhr hmoVmo.
H$m_ åhUOo BÀN>m, dmgZm, Vr {df`mMr Agob Va dmB©Q>. nU
Zm_mMr Agob Va CÎm_. nyU© H$m_o åhUOo AVr Vrd« BÀN>oZo am_Zm_ dXmdo
Agm AW© OmñV Mm§Jbm dmQ>Vmo. fS²>[any_Ü`o H$m_ BVam§Mm OZH$ Amho H$maU
H$m_m_YyZM BVam§Mr CËnÎmr hmoVo. ho fS²>[any _mZdmMo d¡ar _mZbo OmVmV
H$m ? H$maU H$m_m{X {dH$ma {MÎmmbm nmPa \$moS>VmV. åhUOo {MÎm Ðdr^yV
H$aVmV Am{U _mZdmMr ghO àd¥Îmr {df`mH$S>o Agë`m_wi| Ðdbobo {MÎm
bJoM {df`J«hU H$aVo. nU H$m_mZr Ðdbobo {MÎm Oa Zm_mZo ^Jd§VmH$S>o
dibo Va Vo Ë`mVhr a§JyZ OmVo. åhUyZ H$m_m{XH$mZr ÐdUmao {MÎm {df`mMo
{R>H$mUr H$R>rU R>odUo d har ^OZmV a§JdUo. `mVM _mZdr à`ËZm§Mr
Amdí`H$Vm Amho. "{df` Vmo Ë`m§Mm Pmbm Zmam`UŸ&' ho VwH$mo~m§Mo
åhUUo `mM hoVyZo Amho. åhUyZM H$m_ gXm B©ída ^OZr Agmdm d
B§{Ð`X_Zr H«$moY Agmdm. B©ída ^OZmMr hmd Agmdr, AZmda B§{Ð`mda
156 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 157

amJdmdo, ^OZmV _Îm, Yw§X ìhmdo, ^º$ åhUdyZ KoÊ`mV Ah§H$ma dmQ>mdm. hoM
fS²>[any {_Ì ~Z{dÊ`mV nwê$fmW© Amho. kmZmo~m `mpÝV Xodd«Vm XodmZ² `m
ûcmoH$mda ^mî` H$aVmZm åhUVmV, ""Oo Ah§H$mê$ dmhV Am§JtŸ& Amåhr harMo
^yfmd`mbmJtŸ& Oo bmo{^`o EH${M OJtŸ& _mPo{Z bmo^|Ÿ&& Oo _mPo{Z H$m_|
gH$m_ Ÿ& Oo _mPo {Z ào_o gào_Ÿ& Oo _m{P`m ^wbr g§^«_Ÿ& ZoUVr bmoH$Ÿ&&''
(km. 9-362-363) g_W© åhUVmV CËH$Q> dmgZoZo Vrd« BÀN>oZo Zm_mMm gVV
Kmof R>odmdm. åhUOo `m KmofmZo H$moUVrhr AmnÎmr qH$dm g§H$Q> ~mYH$ hmoUma
Zmhr. ~m{YOoZm hm eãX _m{_©H$ Amho. lram_ hm ^º$H¡$dmar Amho.
AmnXm_nhVm©a§ XmVma§ gd© g§nXm_²Ÿ& Agm Vmo Amho. g_W© åhUVmV, ""Zm_|
g§H$Q>o ZmgVtŸ& Zm_| {d¿Z| {ZdmaVrŸ& Zm_ñ_aU| nm{dOoVrŸ& CÎm_ nX|Ÿ&&
`odT>oM H$m` nU, H$m§htM Z H$ê$Z àmUrŸ& am_Zm_ Ono dmUrŸ& VoU| g§Vwï>
MH«$nmUrŸ& ^º$m§bmJt gm§^mirŸ&&'' (Xm. 4-3-11-21) nU g_Om H$m§hr
AmnÎmr àmaãYm_wio ghZ H$amì`m bmJë`m Var Ë`mhr ~mYH$ hmoUma ZmhrV.
H$maU `m Zm_m_wio Xodm~ÔbMr BVH$s ÑT> {Zð>m CËnÞ hmoVo H$s ho g§H$Q> AmnU
gmogmdo AerM am_mMr BÀN>m Amho, Agm _ZmV ^md CËnÞ hmoVmo. XodmMo O|
_ZmoJVŸ& V|{M Amnwb| C{MVŸ& BÀN>ogmR>t ^Jd§VŸ& A§Vê$ Z`oŸ&& (Xm. 4-8-
22) g§H$Q> {ZdmaU Pmbo Var qH$dm Zmhr Pmbo H$ar Ë`mMr {\$H$sa dmQ>V Zmhr.
nU BVH$s ~o{\$H$sa d¥Îmr hmoÊ`mgmR>r EH$ nÏ` gm§^mimdo bmJVo.
Vo nÏ` åhUOo {ZË` Zo_mZo Zm_ KoUo. {ZË` Zo_mZo gmYZ Pmbo VaM
AmnXm ~mYH$ hmoV ZmhrV. {ZË` Zo_o A§Va ewÕŸ& {ZË` Zo_o dmT>o ~moYŸ& {ZË`
Zo_o ~hÿ IoXŸ& àn§Mr VwQ>oŸ&& Zo_mZo ^OZ Ho$ë`m_wio àW_ {MÎmmMr ewÕr hmoVo.
Z§Va ê$nmMo kmZ hmoVo. kmZmZo VoM Amnbo ê$n Amho ho g_OVo Am{U eara
åhUOo AmnU Zìho Ago g_Oë`mZo àmn§{MH$ AmKmVm§Mr ndm© dmQ>V Zmhr. {ZË`
Zo_mZo nÏ` - nmbZmV XmoZ _moR>r {d¿Zo `oVmV.
(1) _X åhUOo VmR>m qH$dm Jd© (2) Amig. _Zwî` g§nÎmrZo, JwUmZo,
ê$nm_wio, kmZm_wio J{d©ð> hmoVmo. {H$Ë`oH$Xm AmnU _moR>o Zm_YmaH$, BVa gd©
A^º$, Agm ^º$s_Xhr hmoVmo. øm Ah§_Ý`Vo_wi| Wmoa Am`wî` _mobmMoŸ&
_Xo ì`W©{M Zm{gboŸ& Ago hmoVo. Amnbm Ah§H$ma XodmMo gÎmoda MmbV
AgyZ ê$n, JwU, Eoíd`© d kmZ gd©M ~m~VrV VmoM loð>, Amnbo
^OZhr Ë`mMoM gÎmoda, Ë`mMoM H¥$no_wio, Agm Z_« ^md R>odyZ Ë`mbm
ñ_amdo. WmoanU nèhm gm§{S>OoŸ& ì`wËnÎmr AmKdr {dg[aOoŸ& O¡ OJm YmHw$Q>o
hmoB©Oo V¡ OdirH$ _mPrŸ&&
_Xmà_mUoM Amighr gmoS>mdm. {ZË` Zo_mMo AmS> `oUmam åhUyZ Vmo
A{VKmVH$ Amho. A§JmV eº$s AgyZhr à{VH$mamMr d¥Îmr _ZmV CËnÞ Z hmoUo
åhUOo Amig. nhmQ>oMr doi, ~mhoa WmoS>m {P_{P_ nmD$g Amho, Jma dmam Amho.
Aem dmVmdaUmV dmQ>Vo. "H$embm AmVm CR>m Am{U gmYZ H$am. WmoS>m doi
nm§Kê$UmV nSy> _J CRy>' A§JmV eº$s AgVo nU Oam {Zamù`m hdobm à{VH$ma
H$am`bm _Zwî` H§$Q>miVmo. VwH$m åhUo Amig H$ê${Z`m gmøŸ& ~io H$go nmø
dm`m OmVrŸ&& g_W© åhUVmV, ""Amig CXmg ZmJdUmŸ& Amig àoËZ ~wS>dUmŸ&
Amig| H$a§Q>nUmÀ`m IwUmŸ& àJQ> hmoVrŸ&& åhUm¡Z Amig ZgmdmŸ& VarM
nm{dOo d¡^dmŸ& AaÌt naÌt OrdmŸ& g_mYmZŸ&&'' (Xm. 11-3-12,13)
nmoQ>^ê$ nXdrgmR>r Amig gmoSy>Z H$ï> H$amdo bmJVmV, _J Jwø
na_mW© gmYZmV Vmo H$gm Mmbob ? na_oídamZo _Zwî`mbm kmZ, {H«$`meº$s d
ñdmV§Í` {Xbo Amho. `mo½` à_mUmV `m§Mm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z Bhna {hV gmYmdo.
`oH$mJ« H$ê${Z`m _ZŸ& ~io{V Yamd| gmYZŸ& `oËZt AmigmM| Xe©ZŸ&
hmoD§$M Z`oŸ&& (Xm. 18-3-12)
O`mMo{Z Zm_| _hmXmof OmVrŸ&
O`mMo{Z Zm_| JVr nm{dOoVrŸ&
O`mMo{Z Zm_o KS>o nwÊ`R>odmŸ&
à^mVo _Zt am_ qMVrV Omdm Ÿ&&71Ÿ&&
Amig gmoSy>Z {Zah§H$manUo {ZË` Zo_mZo AÅ>mhmgmZo am_Zm_ ¿`mdo,
Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo, `oWyZ nwT>o "Zm__hmËå`' dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. `m
ûcmoH$mV Zm_mZo XohewÕr hmoD$Z nm{dÍ` H$go àmá hmoVo, gX²JVr H$er {_iVo d
nwÊ`g§M` H$gm hmoVmo, ho gm§{JVbo Amho.
XmofmMo AmJa åhUOo _mZdr eara. `m Xohmbm gd©M {R>H$mUr
An{dÌ åhQ>bo Amho. eara Xw:ImMo H$moR>maŸ& eara amoJmMo ^m§S>maŸ& eara
XwJªYrMm WmaŸ& Zmhr An{dÌ earam EogoŸ&& Ë`mÀ`m An{dÌnUmMr hr `mXrM
nmhm. OÝ_m~amo~a Aem¡M, Ë`mMo CËnÎmr ñWmZ A_§Ji, Ë`mMo H$maU ~rO
158 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 159

ewH«$ emo{UV, _aUmZ§Va nwÝhm Aem¡M. ñdV: An{dÌ AmhoM nU Á`m
dñVyer Ë`mMm g§~§Y `oB©b Vr dñVyhr An{dÌ H$aVo. ZmZm gwÐì`| Jmo_Q>t
Om{b`m earar n¡R>tŸ& hmoD${Z R>m{V {H$[aQ>rŸ& _iw{M OodtŸ&& (km. 18-
677) ñWybXoh _b_yÌm{XH$m§Zr An{dÌ. {OH$S>o nhmdo {VH$S>o AÝV~m©ø
XmofM. gyú_ Xoh åhUOo _Z, ~wÕr dJ¡ao H$m_H«$moYm{XH$m§Zr An{dÌ H$maU
- Xoh AkmZm_wio An{dÌ; `mda Aer e§H$m `oB©b H$s Zm_YmaH$ Agmo H$s
A^ŠV Agmo, eara ho Oa ñd^mdV: An{dÌ Amho, Va Vo {ZXm}f ìhmdo
H$go ? Ë`mVrb An{dÌnUm OmUo åhUOo Ë`mMm ZmeM. `mMo CÎma Ago H$s
_m§g-aŠV_` eara ho na_mWm©bm dmdS>o Zmhr. _m§g-aŠVm{X KQ>H$ ZgVrb
Va earamMr KS>UM AeŠ`. _J Zm_ KoUma Var H$moU ? _m§g M_© hmS>oŸ&
Xodm AdKrM JmoS>oŸ& åhUyZ Va Xod ^ŠVmbm ào_mZo AmqbJZ XoVmo. åhUOo
XohmVrb An{dÌVm Or na_mWm©bm {dKmVH$ hmoVo Vr _m§gaŠVm{XH$m_wio
ZgyZ VÎdV: Xohmh§H$ma d V‚mÝ` H$m_H«$moYm{X - {dH$mam_wio Amho. `m {dH$ma§mZm
JrVoV ZaH$mMr Ûmao - {Ì{dY§ ZaH$ñ`oX - åhQ>bo Amho. `m H$m_H«$moY bmo^m§Ÿ&
_mOt Ord| Omo hmo` C^mŸ& Vmo {Za`nwarMr g^mŸ& gÝ_mZw nmdoŸ&& (km.
16-431) H$m_H«$moYm{X {dH$ma XmofmV Omo Ord ^mdmZo C^m Amho Ë`mbm
ZaH$nwarV gÝ_mZ {_iVmo. `_ nmß`mg Xw:I XoVmo. nU H$m_ hm nwÊ`dmZmghr
AS>dVmo Ago AmMm`© åhUVmV. åhUOo H$m_m{X {dH$ma Omon`©V earamV
AmhoV, Vmon`©V VrW©`mÌm `k `mJm{X H$moUË`mhr gmYZmZo Xohmbm n{dÌVm
`oV Zmhr. H$m_ H$adr Vo H$[aVrŸ& H«$moY _madr Vo _m[aVrŸ& Aer pñWVr
hmoVo. gmam§e, gyú_ eara ho _hmXmofm§Mo ñWmZ Agbo_wio Ë`mMr ewÕr
Zm_mZoM hmoVo. _Z ho qMVZerb Agë`m_wio Ë`mMo {df`-qMVZ
ñdm^m{dH$nUo {ZË` Mmby AgVo. {df`-qMVZm_wio _Z {df`mH$ma hmoVo.
Ë`mVyZ H$m_H«$moYm{X _hmXmof CËnÝZ hmoVmV. Ë`m Xmofm_wio AmnÎmr AmoT>dVo
d XwJ©Vr àmßV hmoVo. `m {df` qMVZmMo {ZdmaU hmoÊ`mg B©eñ_aU hmM EH$
Ombr_ Cnm` Amho. Omo H$ar {df`m§Mo Ü`mZŸ& Vmo hmo` {df`r {Z_½ZŸ&
Omo H$at _mPo qMVZŸ& Vmo M¡VÝ` KZ _r{M hmo`Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 14-349)
ho B©eñ_aU Zm_mZo gVV amhÿ eH$Vo åhUyZ Zm_mbm _hÎd. VwH$m åhUo Zm_Ÿ&
Á`mMo Zmer H«$moY H$m_Ÿ& hao ^d l_Ÿ& Cƒm[aVm dmMogrŸ&& BVa gmYZm§Zr
{MÎmmbm `oUmar n{dÌVm nwÝhm _brZ hmoVo d Vr gmYZo gVV Mmby R>odVm
`oV ZmhrV. Zm_mZo ÷m XmoÝhr AS>MUr Xya hmoVmV. g_W© åhUVmV, ""Zm_ñ_ao
{Za§VaŸ& V| OmUmd| nwÊ` earaŸ& _hmXmofm§Mo {J[adaŸ& am_ Zm_| ZmgVrŸ&&''
(Xm. 4-3-22) Zm_mZo CÎm_ JVr àmßV hmoVo. JVr åhUOo AdñWm. CÎm_
AdñWm Ago _moK_ åhQ>bo Amho. H$moUVr {Z{íMV AdñWm ho gm§{JVbo
Zmhr. ho `mo½`M Amho. H$maU Zm_YmaH$mMr JVr hr A§VH$mbn`ªVÀ`m gmYZmZo
CËnÝZ hmoUmè`m A{YH$mamda Adb§~yZ Amho. OgOgo Zm_mV ào_ dmTy>
bmJVo. VgVgo Vo gmVË`mZo KoVbo OmVo. gmVË`mZo ^JdËH¥$noMm AmoK dmTy>
bmJVmo. OgOer ^JdËH¥$noMr dmT> hmoB©b. VgVgm kmZmMm CX` hmoD$Z
AkmZmMm Zme hmoVmo. O§d O§d ^ŠVrM| nyQ> MT>oŸ& V§d V§d A{dÚmd§Y
{dKS>oŸ& _m`oM| _yi{M IwS>oŸ& Ordy MT>o {ZOnXmŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 14-340)
AkmZmMm Zme Pmë`mZ§Va Á`mbm gm`wÁ` _wŠVrMr AmdS> Agob,
åhUOo nwZ: OÝ_M ZH$mo Agob, Vmo na~«÷ ñdê$nmV {dbrZ hmoVmo. VwH$mo~mà_mUo
Á`m§Zm gJwU ^OZmMrM kmZmoÎma AmdS> Agob Va Vmo d¡îUd d¡Hw§$R>mV amhmVmo d
OJXmoÕmamW© EImXo doir _¥Ë`wbmoH$mV `oVmo d H$m`© AmQ>monyZ nwZ: d¡Hw§$R>r OmVmo.
Amåhr d¡Hw§$R>dmgrŸ& Ambmo `m{M H$maUm{gŸ&& VwH$mo~m Ambo d¡Hw§$R>mhyZ d gXoh
Jobo d¡Hw§$R>mbm. Agm Zm_YmaH$ EH$Q>mM CÕê$Z OmV Zmhr, Va Ë`mMo nyd©Ohr
gê$nVm _wŠVrMo A{YH$mar hmoVmV. kmZmo~m Amnë`m harnmR>mV åhUVmV,
""harnmR>H$s{V© _wI| Oar Jm`Ÿ& n{dÌ{M hmò Xoh Ë`mMmŸ& _mV¥{nV¥ ^«mVm gJmoÌ
AnmaŸ& MVw^w©O Za hmoD${Z R>oboŸ&&'' nU g_Om B©ída H¥$nm hmoÊ`mBVH$s nmÌVm
`oÊ`mnyduM `m XohmMm A§V Pmbm Va ?
`m OÝ_mV KoVbobo Zm_ OmV Zmhr. Ë`m nwÊ`mB©Mr R>od gyú_ XohmV gwa{jV
amhVo d nwZ: Za OÝ_ `oD$Z Vr nwÊ`mB© gX²JVr àmßV H$ê$Z XoÊ`mbm Cn`moJr nS>Vo.
_mJrb OÝ_r Oa gH$m_ ^OZ Pmbo Agob Va `m OÝ_mV Vr nwÊ`mB© {ZîH$m_ ^OZ
KS>{dVo. {ZîH$m_ ~wÕr{M`m ^OZmŸ& Ì¡bmoH$s¨ Zmht VwiUmŸ& gm_Ï`}{dU KS>oZmŸ&
{ZîH$m_ ^OZŸ&& (Xm. 10-7-19)
ho gm_Ï`© åhUOoM nyd©OÝ_mVrb Zm_mMm nwÊ` R>odm. Zm_mZo
XmofhaU hmoVo d nXamV nwÊ` nS>Vo. åhUyZ g_W© åhUVmV, à^mVo _Zr -
Z doM| H$Xm J«§{WM| AW© H$m§htŸ&
_wI| Zm_ Cƒm[aVm§ H$ï> ZmhtŸ&
_hm§ Kmoa g§gma-eÌy {OUmdmŸ&
à^mVo _Zt am_ qMVrV OmdmŸ&&72Ÿ&&
160 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 161

_mJrb ûcmoH$mV Zm_mZo earaewÕr H$er hmoVo d CÎm_ JVr H$er àmßV
hmoVo ho gm§{JVbo. gmYZ Anwao amhÿZ A§V Pmë`mg Zm_mZo nwÊ` g§M` hmoD$Z
nwZ: _mZd Xoh `oD$Z Vo nwÊ` H$go Cn`moJr nS>Vo hohr gm§{JVbo. `m ûcmoH$mV
Zm_ \w$H$mMo d gwImMo gmYZ H$go, ho gm§{JVbo Amho.
Zm_ gmYZmV nXaMo H$m§hr Ðì` IM© H$amdo bmJV Zmhr.Ago ho {~Z
IMm©Mo gmYZ Amho. amYo H¥$îU ~mob _wIgoŸ& Š`m bJoJm _mobŸ&& `k, `mJ,
d«Vo, VrW} BË`m{X gmYZm§V Ðì` IM© H$amdo bmJVo. X{jUm Úmdr bmJVo,
^moOZ IM© hmoVmo d `m gmè`mgmR>r l_ ¿`mdo bmJVmV. VrW©`mÌm{XH$m§gmR>r
IM© AmhoM. Zm_mV Ðì` d H$îQ> `m XmoÝhrMr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr. Z bJVr
gm`mg Omdo dZm§VamŸ& gwIo `oVmo Kam Zmam`UŸ&& Ago ho gwImMo, B©ídaàmßVrMo
gmYZ Amho. doXmXr _§Ì CƒmaUo Pmë`mg Vo ewÕ, ñnï>, ñda _mÌm dJ¡ao bjmV
KoD$Z åhUmdo bmJVmV. Vgo Vo Z åhQ>bo Jobo Va Xmof CËnÝZ hmoVmo. nU Zm_
_§Ì H$gmhr åhQ>bm Jobm Var Ë`mnmgyZ Xmof-CËnÝZ Z hmoVm bm^M nXar nS>Vmo.
Vmo ào_mZo åhQ>bm Jobm åhUOo Pmbo. ào_ hoM Zm_mMo _mob. Ë`mMr AmdS> hdr
BVHo$M. _mP| _wI Zm_t a§Jmo gd©H$miŸ& JmoqdX Jmonmi am_H¥$îUŸ&& A~Õ
Mm§Jbo JmD§$ ^bV¡g|Ÿ& ~mi dXo O¡go _m`~mnmŸ& VwH$m åhUo _O Z bmdt
dmH$S>|Ÿ& _r VwP| ~mo~S>o ~mi VmÝh|Ÿ&& (Jm. 514) AmdS>rZo Ho$di _wImZo Zm_
KoÊ`mV H$ï> Zmhr d nXaMm IM©hr Zmhr. Ago Vo {~Z_mob d gmono gmYZ Amho.
`mMo \$bhr _moR>o Amho.
`m Zm_ gmYZm_wio _hm^`§H$a eÌydahr _mV H$aVm `oVo. g§gmambm
_hmKmoa eÌy Ago g_W© H$m åhUVmV ? g§gmamV {Ì{dY Vmn AmhoV.
H$miOrgmaIm öÐmoJ Amho. _¥Ë`y^` Amho d OÝ__aUmMo KmVH$ MH«$hr Amho.
`m g§gmambm ^Jd§Vm§Zr JrVoV d¥j åhQ>bo Amho. (A. 15 dm) hm d¥j Agm
Amho H$s `mÀ`mImbr em§VrMr gwImMr gmD$br {~bHy$b Zmhr. Agm hm
N>m`m{da{hV {dbjU d¥j Amho. hm O~aXñV d¥jhr Zm_ gmYZmZo _wimgH$Q>
CIS>bm OmVmo. g§gma gmohio ^mo{JVr gH$iŸ& ^ŠVm§ Ë`mM| ~i {dR>mo~mM|Ÿ&
^` qMVm YmH$ Z _m{ZVr _ZtŸ& ^ŠVm MH«$nmUr gm§^m{iVŸ&& (Jm. 1289)
dmñV{dH$ gd© àn§M _Zmo_mÌ Amho. ñdßZr ^mg_mZ hmoUmam
g§H$ën-g§gma hm Ogm _Z:H$pënV Amho, VgmM OmJ¥VrVrb àà§Mhr
_Z:H$pënV Amho. Agm doXmÝV {gÕmÝV Amho. d{gð> lram_ à^ybm
gm§JVmV. "{MÎm_od{h g§gma:' {MÎm hoM g§gma Amho. Ë`mMo {MX² Pmbo H$s
g§gma g§nbm. ^JdÝZm_m~amo~aM Ë`mMo Ü`mZhr Pmbo H$s g§H$ën {dH$ën ~§X>
nS>ë`m_wio _ZmMo _ZnUM OmVo. OoWo h| g§gma{MÌ C_Q>oŸ& Vmo _Zmoê$nw nQw>
\$mQ>oŸ& O¡g| gamoda AmQ>oŸ& _J à{V_m ZmhtŸ&& (km. 5-156) S>~Š`mV gmR>boë`m
KmU nmÊ`mV àW_ Vm§~S>çm a§JmMo Añnï> Ago à{Vq~~ {XgVo. gy`© {H$aUmZo
OgOer KmU Imbr ~gV OmVo, VgVgo Ë`mVrb à{Vq~~ ñnï> hmoV OmVo. nwT>o
nmUr AmQ>Vo d à{Vq~~ {~§~mV g_m{dï> hmoVo. `mMà_mUo {MÎmmVrb
^JdVà{Vq~~ åhUOo OrdXem hr Zm_mZo hiyhiy gwg§ñH$m[aV hmoV OmVo d
{MÎmewÕ hmoD$Z kmZ Pmbo H$s Ord à{Vq~~, B©eq~~mV g_m{dï> hmoVo. {MÎmmMo
{MX² hmoVo d g§gma AgyZhr Ord g§gmamdoJim hmoVmo. V¡g| ^moJmAm§Vy{Z {ZJVm§Ÿ&
{MÎm _O_mOt [a¨JVm§Ÿ& hiyhiy nm§Sw>gwVmŸ& _r{M hmoB©bŸ&& (km. 12-109)
kmZXod åhUo gJwU ho Ü`mZŸ& Zm_nmR> _m¡Z àn§MmMoŸ&& Ago ho {dZmH$ï>,
{dZm_mob, Ago gmYZ AgyZ g§gma d¥j g_yi Zï> H$aÊ`mMo `mV gm_Ï`© Amho.
g_W© åhUVmV, ""Vwbm gm§JVmo JyO hm ~rO_§ÌyŸ& OoU| Zrago Wmoa g§gmaeÌwŸ&
Zìho {_Ï` h| ~mobU| gË` dmMmŸ& Onm A§Vat _§Ì Voamjam§MmŸ&&'' (H$ê$UmîQ>Ho$)
eoVH$è`m§À`m {ñÌ`m eoVmda OmUonydu VmÝhþë`mg A\y$Mo EH$XmoZ
digo nmOyZ _JM H$m_mda OmVmV. naV `oB©n`©V Ë`m A\y$À`m H¡$\$mV Vo
_yb em§V {ZOyZ amhVo. VgoM CR>ë`m~amo~a àmV:H$mbrM am_Zm_ _§ÌmMo
KwQ>Ho$ _Zmbm nmObo åhUOo Vo _Z ^ŠVrÀ`m Yw§XrV àn§MmV {Zdm§V amhmVo.
åhUyZ à^mVo _Zr...
XohoX§S>UoMo _hm§ Xw:I AmhoŸ&
_hm§ Xw:I Vo Zm_ KoVm§ Z amhoŸ&
gXmerd qMVrVgo XodXodmŸ&
à^mVo _Zt am_ qMVrV OmdmŸ&&73Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV Zm_ ho \w$H$mMo d gwImMo gmYZ H$go Amho ho gm§{JVbo.
AmVm H$ï>mMr Or BVa gmYZo AmhoV. Ë`m§À`mer VwbZm H$ê$Z, Zm_ ho gwImMo
gmYZ H$go, ho `oWo ñnï> H$aVmV.
^JdËàmßVrgmR>r emñÌm_Ü`o AZoH$ gmYZo gm§{JVbr AmhoV.
162 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 163

Ë`mn¡H$s H$mhr IMm©Mr, H$mhr nmR>m§VamMr d H$mhr Xohmbm H$ï> XoUmar Aer
AmhoV. gmVË`mZo Ho$boë`m ÷mn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr gmYZmbm Vn Ago åhUVmV.
V¡gm ñdê$nm{M`m àgamŸ& bmJt àmU|{Ð`earam§Ÿ& AmQ>Ur H$aU| O| dramŸ&
Vo§{M VnŸ&& (km. 16-108) YynmMm A½ZrV àdoe Pmbm H$s Vmo Zme nmdVmo.
{hUH$g gmoZo ewÕ hmoVmZm dOZmV KQ>Vo, dÚ njmMr dmT> hmoVmZm M§Ð H$_r hmoV
OmVmo. Ë`mà_mUo AmË_mZw^dmMo {dH$mgmgmR>r, àmUB§{Ð`o d eara `m§Mr Or
AmQ>Ur H$aUo - {POdUo Ë`mbmM Vn åhUVmV.
JrVoV ÷m VnmMo gÎd, aO, V_mË_H$ VrZ àH$ma gm§{JVbo AmhoV.
ñdV:Mo Xohm{XH$m§Zm nrS>m XoD$Z, ñdV:gmR>r qH$dm Xwgè`mÀ`m {dZmemgmR>r
Ho$bobo Vn-Vm_g Vn hmo`.
n§Mm½Zr gmYZ, CnmgVmnmg, hR>`moJ, dm`w^jU, ewîH$ nÌmeZ,
ObnmZ, Mm§Ðm`U d«V, àmUm`m_, BË`m{X gmYZo H$ï>mMr AmhooV. `m VnmnmgyZ
Xw:I hmoVo. Ho$di Xw:IM Zìho "_hmXw:I' Ago g_W© åhUVmV. AmYrM eara|{Ð`o
hr amoJ, nrS>m, H$miOr, Aem {Ì{dY Vmnm§Zr ì`mnbobr Am{U Ë`mVM nwZ: Vm_gr
VnmZo VmndUo ho _hmXw:IM Zìho H$m` ? `mV `mVZm ^moJmì`m bmJVmV. [edm`
gd© Vnm§Mm Zm_mV A§V^m©d hmoD$Z ídmg åhUOo àmU d _Z `mda gwImZo {dO`
{_i{dVm `oVmo. _J ho gwImZo hmoUmao gmYZ H$m ZmH$mamdo ?
Zm_gmYZmZo _hmXw:ImMo {ZdmaU hmoVo, BVHo$M Zìho Va `m gmYZmV
AgVmZmhr gwI d gmYZmoÎma hr gwI, Ago ho JmoS> ho Jmo_Q>o B§{Ð`mgr
dmS>Ÿ& Ho$bm H¡$dmS> _mÂ`m {MÎmoŸ& VwH$m åhUo VoWo {dH$mamMr _mVŸ&
~mobmoZ`o {hV gH$im§MoŸ&& (VwH$mo~m)
`mV Xw:ImMr AmË`m§{VH$ {Zd¥Îmr d {Ma§VZ gwImMr àmßVr, Agm
Xwhoar bm^ Amho. _hmXw:I H$moUVo Agob Va OÝ_-_aUmMr nwZamd¥Îmr. VoM _wir
÷m Zm_mZo Zmhrgo hmoVo. _wIr Zm_ hmVr _mojŸ& Eogr gmj ~hþVm§MrŸ& VwH$m
åhUo AmS>H$mR>rŸ& Zmhr ^oQ>r XodmMoŸ&& ZmWm§Mo _Vo earamMo emofU H$ê$Z Vn
H$aUo ho _wir Vn ZìhoM Va Vmo Ë`mMm àmaãY ^moJ. earaemofUm Zmd VnŸ&
Vo àmaãY ^moJmZwê$nŸ& öX`r dmhUo H¥$îUñdê$nŸ& Vmo ewÕ gmjon
VnmMmŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 3-400) Ago Zm_ ho loîR> d Xw:IH$maH$ Amho. Xodm§Mmhr
Xod Omo lram_ Ë`m§Mo lre§H$a hr Zm_ñ_aU H$[aVmV. hmbmhb drf àmeZ
H$aÊmmè`m e§H$amMo Vmn e_Z am_Zm_mZo Pmbo. Ago ho Xw:IhmaH$ Zm_ Amho.
\$ma H$m` nU g¥ï>rH$Ë`m© àOmnVrbmhr Zm_OnmZo gm_Ï`© àmßV
hmoVo.
g¥ï>r {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mnydu ~«÷Xod XoIrb ^m§~mdyZ Jobm hmoVm. Ë`mbm
B©ída ñdê$nmMr AmoiI ZìhVr d g¥ï>r {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mMo gm_Ï`©hr Ë`mMo A§Jr
ZìhVo. nU Ho$di Zm_mÀ`m ~imZo Vmo gm_Ï`© g§nÝZ g¥ï>rH$Vm© Pmbm. {díd {Z_m©U
H$aUoMr Ë`mbm `mo½`Vm Ambr. ~«÷Xodmg Vn `m eãXmZo B©ídamZo Zm_mMmM CnXoe
Ho$bm. _O B©ídamVo ZmoiIoŸ& Zm g¥ï>rhr H$ê$ Z eHo$Ÿ& Vmo Wmoê$ Ho$bm EHo$Ÿ& Zm_o
OoUoŸ&& åhUyZ Zm_mZo lram_mMo ñ_aU H$amdo. g_W© åhUVmV, ""am_ hm Xod Xodm§MmŸ&
Xod àË`j gmo{S>boŸ& Jm{Obr Jmoï> d¡Hw§$R>r _mObr gMamMarŸ&&''
~hþVm§nar g§H$Q>| gmYZm§MtŸ&
d«V| XmZ CÚmnZ| Vt YZmMtŸ&
{XZmMm X`miy _Zt AmR>dmdmŸ&
à^mVo _Zt am_ qMVrV OmdmŸ&&74Ÿ&&
_mJrb íbmoH$mV Vnm{X Kmoa gmYZmV H$ï> hmoD$Z Xoh Xw:I H$go gmogmdo
bmJVo d Zm_ gmYZmZo OÝ_ _aUmgmaIo _hmXw:Ihr H$go Zmhrgo hmoVo ho gm§{JVbo.
`m íbmoH$mV AmUIr H$mhr gmYZo gm§JyZ, VwbZoZo Zm_ hoM ghO,gmono,
{~ZAS>MUrMo gmYZ H$go `mMo {ddoMZ H$aVmV.
Zm_ ho gmYZ, {~ZH$ï>mMo, {~ZIMm©Mo AgyZ loð> \$b XoUmao åhUOo
g§gma gwImMm H$ê$Z Vmo Vê$Z OmUoMo gm_Ï`© Agbobo, Ago ho gmYZ Amho,
OÝ_ _¥Ë`yMr ^mIŸ& hmanmoZr Om` {Z:eofŸ& AmV ~mhoar gwIŸ& dmT>mo{M
bmJoŸ&& Ago ho na_m_¥V Amho. Kmoa Vno, `mÌm{X gmYZo, H$ï>mMr AmhoV.
h„rÀ`m VwbZoZo nydu H$mer`mÌm XwK©Q> hmoVr. Ðì`hr \$ma bmJm`Mo. d«Vo,
XmZo, CÚmnZo, ÷m gmYZmVhr IM© d H$ï> \$ma.
Á`mV l_ ZmhrV, H$moUVrhr AS>MU `oUoMo H$maU Zmhr, Á`mV
Ðì`mMr Oê$ar Zmhr, Á`mbm H$mbmMr d ñWbmMr _`m©Xm Zmhr, Á`mV
ñZmZm{X H$_mªMr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr, Oo H$moUË`mhr dmUrV H$gohr KoVbo Var
Xmof Zmhr, Á`mMm gd© dUmªZm A{YH$ma, Oo bhmZWmoa, ñÌrnwê$f, BË`m{X
gdmªZm H$dQ>miUmao, Ago ho gd©H$mbr, gdm}n`moJr, g§H$Q>_wŠV Ago gmYZ
164 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 165

Amho, åhUyZ g‚mZ§mZr kmZmoÎmahr `mMm Aml` KoVbm. `m§gr Z Mbo H$m§hr {d¿ZŸ&
H$moUrhr Z H$ê$ eHo$ ^½ZŸ& åhUmo{Z ZmaXmXr gd©kŸ& nar Zm_rM a_moZr am{hboŸ&
`m gmYZmMo ho gwb^Ëd bjmV KoD$Z XrZX`mKZ Agm lram_ `mMo gVV ñ_aU
H$amdo.
Á`m§Zr ÷m am_mbm gmagd©ñd _m{Zbo, Am{U {Zð>oZo VmoM EH$ Amnbm
AmYma, Ago _mZyZ Ë`mbm Oo eaU Jobo, Ë`m gd© XrZXw~ù`m Ordmda Ë`mZo
X`oMm, H¥$noMm dfm©dM Ho$bm. H$maU eaUm§JVmMo ajU H$aUo ho Ë`mMo ~«rXM Amho.
XrZmZmWm VwPr ~«rXo MamMaŸ& Kogrb H¡$dma eaUmJVmŸ& Amnwë`m XmgmM|
Z gmhmgr CU|Ÿ& C^m Ë`m H$maU| am{hbmgrŸ&& MH«$ JXm hmVr Am`wY|
AnmaŸ& Ý`yZ V|Mr nwa| H$ê§$ Ym§doŸ&&
_mJrb VrZ ûcmoH$mV Zm_mMm _moR>onUm XmIdyZ ho Zm_-gmYZM
gdm©V gmono Ago gm§{JVbo. gd© g§Vm§Mr ÷m~m~V EH$dmŠ`Vm Amho. nU
IaoM ho gmYZ BVHo$ gmono Amho H$m ? d ho Oa BVHo$ gmono Amho Va _mZd
Amnbm CÕma H$m H$ê$Z KoV Zmhr ?
ho gmYZ gmono Amho VgoM Vo AdKS>hr Amho. gmononUm_wio Ë`mMo _hÎd
Z H$ië`m_wio Ë`mMoH$S>o Xwb©j hmoVo. Kgm Yabobm amoJr ~mOmamVyZ qH$_V
XoD$Z Jmoù`m AmUyZ CnMma H$aVmo nU H$T>V nmÊ`mVyZ {_R>mÀ`m JwiÊ`m
Q>mH$Uo, hm gmYm Cnm` Vmo H$arV Zmhr. H$m ? Va gwb^ _rR> Am¡fYr Amho Ago
Ë`mbm dmQ>VM Zmhr. VwH$mam_ åhUVmV, ""VwH$m åhUo Amho gmono gdm©hþZrŸ&
ehmUm Vmo YUr KoB© VoWoŸ&&'' Zm_mZo H$m` hmoUma, AgoM gdmªZm dmQ>Vo; åhUyZ
{VH$S>o Xwb©j hmoVo.
Ogo gmono VgoM AdKS>hr Amho Ago H$m åhQ>bo ? `m gmYZmV H$ï>
ZmhrV, ¿`m`bm gmono, Ðì`mMr Oê$ar Zmhr BVHo$M. nU `m{M Xohr `m{M
S>moimŸ& nmho _wŠVrMm gmohimŸ&& Agm AZw^d nmhUoMm Pmë`mg ÷m gmYZmV
H$ï> \$ma, Zm_ gmYZ hoM Á`m§Mo B{VH$V©ì` hmoVo VoM VwH$mo~m, na_mW© Zìho,
boHw$amÀ`m Jmoï>rŸ& ^ŠVr Zìho gmonr, gwimdarb nmoirŸ&& Ago H$m
åhUVmV ? gmono AgUmao ho gmYZ, Ë`mMr JmoS>r bmJon`ªV gVV Aä`mgmdo
bmJVo. AÅ>mhmgmZo Aä`mgmdo bmJVo. Ë`mgmR>r {Zð>m bmJVo, {ZYm©a bmJVmo.
_w»` åhUOo Zm_m~amo~a ~wÕr A§V_w©I åhUOo ñdê$nmH$ma ìhmdr bmJVo. hr Jmoï>
\$ma AdKS> Amho.
~wÕrbm ~{h_w©I H$aUo hm B§{Ð`m§Mm ghO ñd^md Oo {hVmMo Vo
B§{Ð`m§Zm ZH$mo AgVo. {df`md§mMmo{Z H$mhrŸ& Am{UH$ gd©Wm aå` ZmhrŸ& Eogm
ñd^md{M nmhrŸ& B§{Ð`m§MmŸ&& B§{Ð`X_Z H$ê$Z ~wÕr A§V_w©I H$aUo, ho H$m_ gmono
Zmhr. kmZmo~m åhUVmV, ""har ~wÕr Ono Vmo Za Xwb©^Ÿ& dmMogr gwb^ am_Zm_Ÿ&''
am_Zm_ Vm|S>mZo KoUo gmono. nU ~wÕrÀ`mÛmao Ë`mMm On H$aUmam nwê$f {daimM.
am_ Zm_ g~ H$moB© H$hoŸ& R>H$ R>mHy$a Am¡a MmoaŸ& {Og Zm_go Y«wd àëhmX VaoŸ& dmo
Zm_ h¡ Hw$N> Am¡aŸ&&
`m Ñï>rVyZ {dMma Ho$bm Va BVa gmYZo ~ar, nU A§V_w©I hmoD$Z Zm_
KoUo AdKS>. g_WmªMo dS>rb ~§Yy åhUVmV, ""gwb^ d«V Vn XmZ X_ZŸ& gwb^
VrWmªQ>U doXmÜ``ZŸ& gwb^ `k ì`mH$aUmä`mgZŸ& har^ŠVr A{V Xwb©^Ÿ&&''
A§V_w©I hmoD$Z ào_mZo am_Zm_mV a§JyZ OmUo, ho gmono Zmhr. AdKS> Amho.
~hþOZg_mO ~{h_w©I {df`~wÕrÀ`m Amhmar Agë`m_wio am_ê$nmH$S>o
H$moUmMo bjM OmV Zmhr. Xw~©i ho AdKo OZ Zmam`Ur {dÝ_wIŸ&& hrM B§{Ð`
~wÕrMr ~{h_w©IVm à^mV g_`r H$_r à_mUmV AgVo d {MÎmmMr EH$mJ«Vm ghO
hmoD$ eH$Vo. åhUyZ à^mVo _Zr....
g_ñVm_Y| gma gmMma AmhoŸ&
H$ioZm Var gd© emoYyZ nmh|Ÿ&
{Odm g§e`mo dmCJm Vmo Ë`OmdmŸ&
à^mVo _Zt am_ qMVrV OmdmŸ&&75Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV Zm_mMr BVa gmYZm§er VwbZm H$ê$Z Zm_ ho H$moUVrhr
AS>MU Zgbobo gmYZ H$go, ho gm§{JVbo. Zm_ hoM gd© gmYZm§Mo gmagd©ñd
H$go, ho `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
^dqgYy Vê$Z OmUogmR>r gd© Cnm`m§_Ü`o am_Zm_ hoM
gmMmaIamoIa gË` gmYZ Amho. ho ZrQ> g_OV Zgob Va Oam emoY
Ko. emoY Ko åhUOo J«§W J«§Wm§Var ZrQ> {dMma H$ê$Z emoYyZ nmhm. gX²Jwê$bm
eaU OmD$Z Ë`mMoH$Sy>Z g_OyZ Ko, åhUOo H$iob. nU Agm H$mhrM à`ËZ Z
H$aVm, Zm_mV H$m` Amho ? Ë`mZo H$m` hmoUma ? Aem {ZaW©H$ g§e`mV
Jwa\$Qy>Z amhÿ ZH$mog. g§e`mZo H$ë`mU hmoUma Zmhr. Am`wî` _mÌ \w$H$Q>
OmB©b. Agm `m íbmoH$mMm WmoS>Š`mV _{VVmW© Amho.
166 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 167

Zm_ hoM nma_m{W©H$ gmYZmVrb gma gmYZ Amho, Ago Ho$di g_W©M
åhUVmV Ago ZgyZ gd© g§V gÁOZm§Mo hoM gm§JUo Amho. VwH$mo~m åhUVmV, ""doX
AZÝV ~mo{bbmŸ& AW© BVwH$m{M gm{YbmŸ& {dR>mo~mgr eaU Omd|Ÿ& {ZO{ZîR>|
Zm_ Jmd|Ÿ& gd© gmYZm§Mo gmaŸ& CVar ^dqgYy nmaŸ&'' (Jm. 3717) kmZXod
åhUVmV ""gma gma gma {dR>mo~m Zm_ VwPo gmaŸ&&'' VgoM Zm_| nmdZ Y_mªY_©Ÿ&
Zm_ na~«÷ doXmW©oŸ&& (km. 10-233) ZmW _hmamO åhUVmV, ""~mn Zm_mMo
{ZOVoOŸ& `_ d§Xr MaUaOŸ& Zm_mnmer AYmojOŸ& MVw^©wO ñd`o
{Vð>VwŸ&&'' AmMm`mªgmaIo AÛ¡V doXm§Vr åhUVmV, ""^O JmoqdX§ ^O JmoqdX§''
åhUOo Zm_ ho gma^yV gmYZ Amho `m~Ôb gd© g§VmMr EH$dmŠ`Vm Amho.
ho gmYZ gma H$go `mMm `oWo CbJS>m Z H$aVm Ë`mMm {Odm VyM gd©
Ñï>rZo {dMma H$ê$Z emoY Ko, Ago g_W© gm§JVmV, Zm_ qMVZmMo gm_Ï`©
gm_mÝ` _Zwî`mg H$iV Zmhr. J«§W dmMyZ nm§{S>Ë` H$aUmè`mghr Ë`mMo _hÎd
H$iyZ, Vmo Vo gmYZ åhUyZ AmMaUmV AmUobM, Ago Zmhr. Ë`mbm gX²Jwê$
H¥$nmM hdr. Ë`mdmMyZ Vo H$iUma Zmhr. g§Vm dmMw{Z`m Zm_ Z`o hmVmŸ&
gmYZo gm{YVm H$moQ>r OmUŸ& g§Vmgr eaU Jo{b`m dmMyZrŸ& EH$m OZmX©Zr
Z H$io Zm_Ÿ&& (EH$ZmW)
^JdÝZm_, ^ŠVr, ào_ hr JyT> ahñ`o AmhoV. Vr ~mobÊ`mMr ZmhrV;
AZw^dmMr AmhoV. Á`m§Zr gd© g§H$ënmMm kmZmoÎma g§Ý`mg Ho$bm, gd©
IpëdX§ ~«÷ hr Á`m§Mr YmaUm Ago g§Ý`mgrhr H¥$îUê$nmV d Zm_mV a§JyZ
OmVmV. ho JyT> ahñ`M Zmhr H$m ? ho doXemñÌm§ AJå`Ÿ& gH$i Xodm§gr
A{VXw©J_Ÿ& OoU| bwãY| _r nwê$fmoÎm_Ÿ& V| h| ^ŠVào_ahñ`Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 24-
402) `m JyT> ahñ`mMm AZw^d Jwê$H¥$nodmMyZ `oV Zmhr. kmZmo~m åhUVmV,
""kmZ JyT>Jå` kmZXodm bmYboŸ& {Zd¥ÎmrZo {XYbo _mPo hmVrŸ&&''
AmVm gd© g§Vm§Zr Zm_ hoM gd© gma H$m åhQ>bo `mMm emoY
KoD$. Oo H$mbmMo _`m©XoV Z amhVm {Ma§VZ AgVo Vo gma. CXm. gmoZo ho gË`,
nU Ë`mM ê$nmZo Xm{JZo ho AgË`. VgoM na_mË_m hm gË` d Ë`mMo
AmYmamda ^mg_mZ hmoUmao ZmZmê$nmZo ZQ>bobo OJ AemídV. g_Om AmH$mambm
Amboë`m Xm{JÝ`mMr ê$no Zï> Pmbr Var Ë`mê$nm~amo~a gË`-gmoZo Zï> hmoV
Zmhr, Vo amhVoM. am_amd, H¥$îUamd hr Zmdo YmaU H$aUmar AZoH$ ê$no
OÝ_mbm Ambr. Zm_mZoM Ë`m§À`m ê$nmMr AmoiI nQ>br. Vr ê$no Zï>
Pmbr Var Zm_o _mJo H$m`_ AmhoVM. _J Zm_ ho XoeH$mb _`m©XonbrH$S>o
Zmhr H$m ? Am{U ê$nmnojmhr Vo OmñV gË` Zmhr H$m ? _J Oo gË`, Vo
loð>.
`m OJmV {H$VrVar d¡{MÍ` Amho. ZmZm VèhoMo XJS>, {H$S>o,
àmUr, njr, d¥j BË`m{X AmhoV. `m gdmªMr Zmdo {^ÝZ AmhoV. Ë`mV
gOrd d {ZOud Ago XmoZ ^oX AmhoV. nU `m gd© gOrd, {ZOud dñVy_Ü`o
EH$ gm_mÝ` JwU Amho, Vmo åhUOo AgUonUm. gOrd dñVy Pmbr Var
Amho d {ZOud dñVy Pmbr Var Amho. ho ApñVËd Ambo H$s Zm_ê$n
AmboM. ^m¡{VH$ g¥ï>rgmR>r ›H$mamVyZ eãX g¥ï>r CËnÝZ hmoVo. `m A{Ib
g¥ï>rbm na_mËå`mMm AmYma Agë`m_wio ›H$ma ho na_mË_dmMH$ Zm_ Ambo.
åhUyZ Zm_ åhUOo gV². OoWo gV² VoWo {MX² d AmZ§X åhUyZ Zm_ ho
g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$n Amho. Vo g¥îQ>rÀ`m Am{X A§Vr {e„H$ amhmVo BVHo$M Zìho
Va ê$nmbmhr ì`mnyZ nwZ: {e„H$ amhVo. na_mË_ ñdê$nmOdi, AJXrOdi
H$moU Agob, Va Vo Zm_M. Omo Zm_mV _rnUmZo Zmhrgm hmoVmo Ë`mbmM Zm_
_hmËå`mMr H$ënZm `oVo.
`m gV²bm åhUOo gË` na_mËå`mbm H$mhr ê$n {Xë`m{edm` Ë`mMo
AZwg§YmZ R>odVm `oV Zmhr. åhUyZ Zm_ hoM Ë`mMo ê$n hmo`. `mda EH$
Aer e§H$m `oB©b H$s g¥ï>rV dmÀ` åhUOo nXmW© d Ë`mMo dmMH$ åhUOo
Zm_ ho {^ÝZ AgVmV Agm Ý`m` Amho. gmIa ho Zm_ åhUOo gmIa Zìho.
A½Zr ho Zm_ åhUOo A½Zr Zìho. Zm_ hoM ê$n Agob Va gmIa åhQ>bo H$s
Vm|S> JmoS> ìhm`bmM nm{hOo d A½Zr åhQ>bo H$s Vm|S> ^mObo nmhrOo. nU
Ago hmoV Zmhr. åhUyZ nXmW© d Zm_ EH$ Agy eH$Uma ZmhrV. na§Vw
dmÀ`dmMH$ ^oX hm ^m¡{VH$ nXmWm©bm bmJy Amho. ^JdmZ hm gd© g¥ï>rMm
EH$M AmYma AgyZ Vmo Abm¡{H$H$ M¡VÝ` KZ Agë`m_wio, Ë`mMo Zm_hr
AmnmoAmnM ^m¡{VH$ AV Ed gË` Amho. AZoH$ Xm{JÝ`m§À`m Zmdmn¡H$s
H$moUVohr EH$ Zmd KoVbo Var Ë`mVbo gmoZo ho Zmd Zï>, hmoV Zmhr, H$m`_Mo
amhVo. Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m ghòZm_r ^Jd§VmMo H$moUVohr Zm_ KoVbo Var Ë`mMo
M¡VÝ` ñdê$n Ë`mV A§V^y©V amhVoM. {dídì`mnH$ na_mË_ñdê$n, Ho$di
gmÜ` Zm_gmYZmZo hñVJV-Amnbogo H$ê$Z KoÊ`mMr hr g§V gX²Jwê$ `m§Mr
Ho$dT>r {H$_`m ? M¡VÝ` {ZË` {ZamYmaŸ& {ZY©_©H$ {Z{d©H$maŸ& Ë`mMm Ho$bm
OrUm}ÕmaŸ& gË` gmMma OJX²Jwê$Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 9-445)
åhUyZ g_W© R>mgyZ Ordmbm gm§JVmV. ^OZa{hV kmZ| _moj hmoUma
168 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 169

ZmhtŸ& gH$i {ZJ_ Ë`m§M| gma emoYy{Z nmhtŸ& gJwU^OZ _mJ| a{jb| WmoaWmoatŸ&
AY_ Za V`m§M| kmZ g§XohH$marŸ&& (ñ\w$. ûcmoH$) åhUyZ - à^mVo _Zt.....
Zìho H$_© Zm Y_© Zm `moJ H$m§htŸ&
Zìho ^moJ Zm Ë`mJ Zm gm§J nmhtŸ&
åhUo Xmg {dídmg Zm_t YamdmŸ&
à^mVo _Zt am_ qMVrV OmdmŸ&&76Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV Zm_ ho gd© gmYZm§Mo gma H$go Amho, ho J«§Wmdê$Z
qH$dm gX²Jwê$H$Sy>Z ZrQ> g_OyZ ¿`mdo. `m gmYZmg§~§Yr ì`W© g§e` Yê$ Z`o,
Ago gm§{JVbo. J«§WmdbmoH$Z Z Pmë`mg qH$dm `mo½` gX²Jwê$ Z ^oQ>ë`mg BVa
gmYZmV H$mhr Zm H$mhr ì`§J amhVo ho OmUyZ Zm_mda ÑT> {dídmg R>odyZ VoM
gmYZ H$amdo, Ago `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV. na_mW© àmßVrMo BVa Cnm` `Wmgm§J
åhUOo {d{Ynyd©H$ hmoUo H$R>rU AgVo.
(1) H$_© :- `m H${b`wJmV H$_©,Y_©,`moJ, Ë`mJ BË`m{X na_mW©
àmßVrgmR>r Ho$bobo Cnm` {d{Ynyd©H$ hmoUo H$R>rU Amho. H$_m©Mr JVr gyú_ d JhZ
Agë`m_wio ~w{ÕdmZmVhr H$_© H$moUVo d AH$_© H$moUVo `mMm KmoQ>mim CS>Vmo. Vo
H$arV AgVm `Wm{dYr hmoVoM Ago Zmhr. gmYo AmM_ZgwÕm `Wmgm§J hmoV Zmhr.
{edm` H$_© `Wmgm§J Pmbo Var B©ídamn©U H$amdo bmJVo d H$mhr d¡JwÊ` {Xgbo Var
VoWo h[a ñ_aU H$amdo bmJVo. åhUOo H$_m©Mr ewÕVm amhUo d AewÕVm OmUo ho gd©
Zm_mdaM Adb§~yZ Agë`m_wio ^JdÝZm_M gd© g_W© Amho.
H$_v H$_© {dJwU hmoVŸ& VoW ñ_amdm _r AÀ`wVŸ& Zm_| Ý`yZ V| g§nyU©
hmoVŸ& ho gm_Ï`© Zm_mM|Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 10-460)
(2) Y_© :- Y_m©g§~§Yrhr n§{S>Vm§V {Za{Zamir _Vo AmhoV. H$moUr
AmMmambm _hÎd XoVmo. H$moUr Aqhgobm _hÎd XoVmo. H$moUr àOm YmaUobm Y_©
åhUVmo Va H$moUr Aä`wX` {Zlo`g {gÕrbm Y_© _mZVmo. ^JdmZ ñdV:
Y_m}_Ø{ŠVH¥$V² àmoŠV:Ÿ& Ago åhUVmV. CÕdmbm Y_m©Mo Jwø gm§JVmZm Vo
åhUVmV. EoH$ CÕdm {ZO d_©Ÿ& Jwø g§mJoZ _r na_Ÿ& _mPr ^ŠVr Oo
gào_Ÿ& CÎm_ "Y_©' Vmo OmUŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 19-349) g_W© åhUVmV, ""gH$i
Y_m©_Ü`o Y_©Ÿ& ñdê$nr amhUo ñdY_©Ÿ&'' Zm_mZo _ZmMo ê$nmer bJoM VmXmËå`
hmoV Agë`m_wio Zm_mMo _hÎd loð> Amho.
(3) `moJ :- `moJ åhUOo Aï>m§J `moJ. `mV `_{Z`_ AmgZm{XH$mgmR>r
emar[aH$ d _mZ{gH$ l_ H$amdo bmJVmV d {MÎmd¥Îmr {ZamoY H$amdm bmJVmo.
^ŠVr{edm` {MÎm{ZamoY ŠboeH$maH$ hmoVmo Ë`mgmR>r _Z gmpËdH$ Agmdo bmJVo.
gmpÎdH$ _ZmgmR>r `wŠVmhma {dhma R>odmdm bmJVmo. BVHo$ H$ê$Zhr Aä`mgmMo
doir {df`mH$S>o ghO YmdUmao _Zmg daModa naVdyZ Ü`o` dñVyH$S>o AmUmdo
bmJVo. `mV _mZ{gH$ H$ï> \$ma hmoVmV. Zm_mZo Ü`o` dñVybm _Z bJoM {MH$Q>Vo
d VÐÿn hmoVo.
(4) ^moJ :- {H$Vrhr Ðì` {_idyZ {df`^moJ ^mo{Jobo Var Ë`mV
H¥$VmW©Vm dmQ>V Zmhr, qH$dm g_mYmZ CËnÝZ hmoV Zmhr. hm AZw^d àË`j
AmhoM. nU ^OZmV hmoUmè`m EH$mJ«Vo_wio g_mYmZ hmoVo. _Zr àJQ>Vm lrharŸ&
Vmo B§{Ð`m§Var ^OZmZ§XyŸ&&
(5) Ë`mJ :- Ë`mJ åhUOo H$_©\$bmMr BÀN>m gmoS>Uo. gm_mÝ` ~hþg§»`
OZmg ho XwK©Q> Amho. Ho$ë`mMo H$mhrVar nXar nS>mdo, hm ghO ñd^md Amho. nU
Zm_mZo H$Vm© H$a{dVm Vmo XodM Aer _ZmMr YmaUm hmoD$Z Oo Amho Vo R>rH$,
Aer d¥Îmr hmoVo. H$mhr Yamdo bmJV Zmhr. H$mhr gmoS>mdo bmJV Zmhr.
pñWVr ~mUVm ñdê$nmMrŸ& qMVm gmo{S>br XohmMrŸ& _J hmoUmè`mMrŸ&
H$m§hr qMVm ZgoŸ&&
gmam§e, H$_© Y_© `moJm{XH$m§Mo \$b AmË_g§Vmof hoM Amho. _§ÌhrZ§
{H«$`mhrZ§ ^ŠVrhrZ§ gwaoídaŸ& `Ëny{OV§ _`mXod n[anyU© VXñVw_oŸ&& Ý`yZ§
g§nyU©Vm§ `m{V `ÚmodÝXo V_À`wV_²Ÿ&& Ago eaU hmoD$Z Ý`yZ Vo nyU© H$ê$Z
KoUogmR>r AmidmdoM bmJVo. ^JdËg§Vmofm{da{hV H$moUVohr Y_© H$_©
`Wmgm§J Pmbo Ago _mZUo hoM _wir AkmZmMo qH$dm _yI©ËdmMo bjU hmo`.
Z H$[aVm§ ^JdV²^OZŸ& doXmÜ``Z `k XmZŸ& `oU§o{M Amåhr OmD§$
Vê$ZŸ& åhUVr Vo OZ _hm_yT>Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 26-381) H$_© ho OS> Agbo_wio
\$b XoD$ eH$V Zmhr. \$bXmVm B©ída Amho. Zm_mZo Vmo àgÝZ hmoVmo. åhUyZ
Zm_ gmYZmda {dídmg R>odyZ Vo gmYZ {ZYm©amZo H$amdo. åhUyZ lÕm Aer
Agmdr H$s Zm_mZo AZoH$ ^ŠV Vê$Z Jobo Vo gd© gmYZmMo gma Amho. _r ho
gmYZ Ho$ë`mg B©ída H¥$nm hmoD$Z _rhr _wŠV hmoB©Z; _mPm CÕma hmoB©b, Aem
ÑT> {dídmgmZo ho gmYZ H$amdo.
{dídmg ho na_mWm©Vbo _moR>o ^m§S>db Amho. lÕmdmZ² b^Vo kmZ§Ÿ&
170 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 171

H$moUVohr H$m`© lÕoZo Ho$bo Va Vo g\$b hmoVo. lÕm Agob Va ^JdËH¥$noZo gd©
g§e`{Zd¥Vr hmoVo. VwH$mam_ åhUVmV, ""nm§Sw>a§Jo gË` Ho$bm AZwJ«hmoŸ& {Zagy{Z
g§Xoh ~w{Õ^oXŸ&&'' nU AlÕoZo ho gmYZ Ho$ë`mg XwJ©Vr àmßV hmoVo,
AlÔYmZm: nwê$fmY_©ñ`mñ` na§VnŸ& Aàmß` _m§ {ZdV©ÝVo _¥Ë`wg§gma
dË_©{ZŸ&& (^. Jr. 9-3) AlÕ H$moUmbm åhUm`Mo. Á`mbm Oo R>mD$H$ Zmhr,
Ë`mbm AlÕ åhUVm `oV Zmhr. R>mD$H$ Zgboë`m Jmoï>r~Ôb lÕmhr ZgVo d
AlÕmhr ZgVo. nU R>mD$H$ AgyZ Or Jmoï> A{dídmgmZo Ho$br OmV Zmhr,
Ë`mbm AlÕ åhUVmV. Zm__hmËå` R>mD$H$ AgyZhr A{dídmgmZo Vo gmYZ Z
H$aUmam Vmo AlÕ. Aem _Zwî`mbm ^JdmZ åhUVmV, Aàmß` _m§ {ZdV©ÝVo
_¥Ë`wg§gma dË_©{ZŸ& åhUOo _¥Ë`y g§gma _mJm©V naV `oVmV. `mda Aer
e§H$m `oB©b H$s _¥Ë`y g§gmamV Vo AmhoVM _J naV `oVmV `mMm AW©
H$m` ? `mMm AW© Agm H$s H${b`wJr CÕmaH$ Ago Zm_m_¥VmMo _hmËå`
EoHy$Zhr A{dídmgmZo Ë`mMm KmoQ> Z KoVm, `mZo H$m` hmoUma Ago _mZyZ,
Ë`mnmgyZ namd¥Îm hmoD$Z, g§gmaMH«$mV ho A{dídmgy {\$aV amhVmV. `mgmR>r
{dídmg Yê$Z à^mVo _Zr am_ qMVrV Omdm.
gmam§e H$moUVohr H$_©, Y_©, `moJgmYZ Ho$bo Var Ë`mMo \$bàmßVrgmR>r,
h[a-g§Vmof nm{hOoM. Vmo \w$H$mÀ`m d gwImÀ`m Zm_² gmYZmZo
hmoVmo.
gH$ihr Vno Ho$brŸ& gm§J {d{Ynyd©H$ Ë`mgrM \$ibrŸ& Á`mMo
dmMo {dídmgo AmbrŸ& Zm_o harhamMrŸ&&
H$ar H$m_ {ZîH$m_ `m amKdmM|Ÿ&
H$ar ê$n ñdê$n gdm© Ordm§M|Ÿ&
H$ar N>§X {ZÛªÛ ho JyU JmVm§Ÿ&
harH$sV©Zt d¥{Îm{dídmg hmoVm§Ÿ&&77Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gd© H$_©Y_m©Vrb Ý`yZ Zm_mZo H$g| nyU© hmoV| h|
gm§JyZ Zm_mda {dœmg R>odyZ V| gmYZ H$amd| Ag| gm§{JVb|. ""à^mVo _Zt
am_ qMVtV Omdm'' `m gXamVrb Xhm ûcmoH$mV {Za{Zamù`m àH$ma|
Zm__mhmËå` gm§{JVb|, åhUOo {Vgar ñ_aU^{ŠV gm§{JVbr. `m ûcmoH$m§V
CËH$Q> am_^ŠVtZ| d Ë`mÀ`m Ü`mZmZ| H$m` \$bàm{ßV hmoVo h| gm§JyZ Xwgar
H$sV©Z^{ŠV gm§JVmV.
`m amKdmMm H$m_ ^ŠVmbm {ZîH$m_ H$[aVmo. åhUOo Ë`mÀ`m
dmgZm§Mm j` hmoVmo. {df`mgŠVr Amho Vmo§da V¥{ßV H$YtM hmoV Zmhr§, nU
{Z{d©f` Pmb| H$s¨ ñdm^m{dH$ V¥{ßV AmhoM. EH$m lram_mMr BÀN>m Ho$br,
Ë`mMm Ü`mg bmJbm H$s¨ ^ŠV {ZîH$m_ hmoVmo. åhUOo am_H¥$noZ| Ë`mMr
BÀN>mny{V© hmoD$Z Vmo g§Vwï> hmoVmo, qH$dm {df`d¡am½` CËnÝZ hmoD$Z gd© BÀN>m
Zmhtem hmoVmV. "gXm Zm_ Kmof H$ê§$ h[aH$WmŸ& VoU| gXm {MÎmm g_mYmZŸ&&'
Ag| VwH$mo~m åhUVmV. EH$ H$m_ Zmhtgm Pmbm H$s¨ Ë`mMonmgyZ CËnÝZ
hmoUmao H«$moYbmo^m{X AZW© AmnmoAmn Q>iVmV Am{U ^JdÐÿnmMr JmoS>r bmJVo.
H$sV©Z| CnOo ^JdËào_Ÿ& Ordmgr H$ar {ZîH$m_Ÿ&& {ZîH$m_ Vmo{M
AmË_mam_Ÿ& bmJo ñdê$nt a_md`mŸ&& (Zm. ^. gy. 37,379) AmË_mam_
ñdê$nm§V EH$Xm§ ^ŠV a_y§ bmJbm H$s¨ -
"Vo ê$n gdmª {OdmM| ñdê$n H$ar,' V| am_ê$n EH$Xm§ R>gbo H$s¨
^ŠVmbm gd©Ì am_M ^abobm {XgVmo. gd© g¥ï>rMm VmoM AmYma Agë`m_wi|
Ñï>r OmB©b {VH$S>o am_ê$nM {XgV|. {ñÌ`m§Mo {MÎm Xm{JÝ`mÀ`m ~m÷
gm¢X`m©daM {IiyZ amhV|.nU gam\$mM| {MÎm Ë`m Xm{JÝ`m§À`m gm¢X`m©Mm ^oX
H$ê$Z Ë`mMm AmYma Ag| Oo gmoZ| Ë`mda {IiyZ amhVo. `mà_mU|M gm_mÝ`
OZm§Mo bj ~mø g¥ï>rgm¢X`m©da {IiyZ amhV|, nU ^ŠVmM| bj g¥ï>rMm
AmYma Omo na_mË_m Ë`mda OSy>Z amhV|. `m CnmYr_mOt JwßVŸ& M¡VÝ` Ago
gd©JVŸ& V| VÎdk g§VŸ& ñdrH$m[aVrŸ&& (km. 2-126) JmontZm {OH$S>o
nmho {VH$S>o harŸ& har{dZm XwO| ZmhtŸ&& AgmM AZw^d Ambm. Vg|M [aVm
R>md `m amKdodrU ZmhtŸ&& h| àË``mg `oV|. ñdV:Mm {dga nSy>Z åhUOo
Xoh~w{Õ Zmhter hmoD$Z am_ê$nmMr OmUrd Pmë`m_wi| {dœmË_H$ ^md CËnÝZ
hmoVmo. Aer `m am_ê$nmMr loð> \$blwVr Agë`m_wio Vr R>gÊ`mgmR>r {Zð>oZ|
h[aH$WoMm ZmX Agmdm.
h[aH$sV©Zr§ d¥{Îm-{dœmg hmoVm, h| JwU JmVm§, N>§X {ZÛªÛ H$ar-h[aJwU
JmZmMm EH$Xm ZmX bmJbm H$s¨ Ë`m§V ñdmW© d namW© ho XmoÝhrhr gmYVmV.
(1) _Zwî` h[aZm_m§V V„rZ Pmbm åhUOo àW_ Vmo ñdV:bm {dgaVmo d
^JdV²ñdê$nmet EH$ê$n hmoVmo. VoWo MmbVr ~mobVr g_m{Y àmßV hmoVo.
VwH$mo~m åhUVmV g_mYrM| gwI gm§S>m AmodmiyZŸ& Eogm `m H$sV©Zr ~«÷ag
(Jm. 2335). (2) H$sV©ZmMm N>§X bmJbm åhUOo Ë`m{dZm H$a_|Zmg| Pmb|
172 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 173

H$s§ V| dma§dma hmoV|, Ë`m_wi| {MÎm gmpÎdH$ ~ZV| d B©ídar àgmXmZ| em§{V
àmßV hmoVo. _Z:em§Vr_wi| Vo {ZÛªÛ hmoV| åhUOo erV CîU, bm^mbm^,
gwIXw:I d _mZmn_mZ BË`m{X Û§Ûm§~Ôb g{hîUwVm àmßV hmoVo. H$erhr
{ñWVr àmßV Pmbr Var {MÎm S>J_JV Zmht. H$amd| H$sV©ZŸ& _wI| Jmd|
h[aMo JwUŸ&& _J H$m§hr Zìho ~mYmŸ& H$m_ XwO©ZmÀ`m H«$moYmŸ&& em§{VIS²>J
hmVtŸ& H$mimgr Vo ZmJ{dVrŸ&& (Jm. 2382) WmoS>Š`mV åhUOo ""Amho V|
R>rH$'' Aer d¥{Îm ~ZVo. Û§Û^mZ OgOg| H$_r hmoV OmV| VgVer Û¡V
^mdZm _mdiV OmD$Z na_oœamÀ`m A{ÛVr` ñdê$nmMr AmoiI hmoVo. (3)
{Vgam bm^ åhUOo H$sV©ZmV Amnbo ~amo~a AmUIr Mma bmoH$m§Mo§hr nma_m{W©H$
{hV gmYV|. H$maU B©œamM| JwUJmZŸ& gdmªgr doY bmdyZŸ&& nmnnwÊ`mMr
{ZdS> H$ê$ZŸ& gXmMmar àdV©drŸ&&
Q>mi, drUm, _¥X§J `m§Mo P§H$mamV gd© lmoVo Amnbr g§gmaì`Wm
{dgê$Z ^JdÞm_JwUm§V S>moby§ bmJVmV. Am{U ""H$Wo_mOr C^m Xod'' Aer
pñWVr Agë`m_wio gd© dmVmdaU em§V, n{dÌ d àgÝZ ~ZV|. ZmXmZ| d
Zm_mZ| hr àgÝZVm CËnÝZ hmoVo d Ë`mM ~amo~a nmnnwÊ`{dMma H$ië`m_wi|
lmoË`m§Mr gXmMmamH$S>o àd¥{Îm hmoD$Z bmoH$g§J«h gmYVmo. ^md| H$[aVm§
H$sV©ZŸ& Vao Vmar AmUrH$ OZŸ& ^oQ>o Zmam`UŸ& g§Xoh Zmht åhUo
VwH$mŸ&& (Jm. 2346)
nU `mM~amo~a EH$ JmoîQ> bjmV R>odmdr H$s¨, H$sV©Z^{ŠV nwT>o
lmoVo Agbo VaM H$amd`mMr Ag| Zmhr. H$m§hr àg§Jt lmoVo Zgbo åhUOo
H$sV©Z ~§X R>o{db| OmV|; nU h| Bï> Zmht, H$maU Ho$di bmoH$a§OZ hm
H$sV©ZmMm CÔoe Zmht. H$sV©Z ho XodmM| JwUJmZ H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`m H$Wmbrbm
gm§JyZ Ë`m§V ñdV: a_yZ OmÊ`mgmR>t Amho. lmoVo AgVrb Va Ë`m§Mm \$m`Xm
hmoB©b. nU ldUmW© H$moUr Zgob Varhr ñdmË_{hVmgmR>r H$sV©ZmMr
Amdí`H$Vm Amho. Amnw{b`m gwIñdmWm©Ÿ& Ho$brM H$amdr h[aH$WmŸ&
h[aH$WodrU gd©WmŸ& amhmo{M Z`oŸ&& (Xm. 4-2-4) h[aH$Wo_wi| dmMm ewÕ
hmoVo. _hmXmof Zme nmdVmV, gwerbVm `oVo, lmoË`m-dŠË`m§Mo g§e`{ZagZ
hmoV| Am{U ^JdËH¥$nm hmoVo. åhUyZ h[aH$sV©Zmda nyU© {dœmg R>odyZ V|
EH$VmZVoZ| H$amd|.
Ahmo Á`m Zam am_{dídmg ZmhtŸ&
V`m nm_am ~m{YOo gd© H$m§hrŸ&
_hmamO Vmo ñdm{_ H¡$dë`XmVmŸ&
d¥Wm dmhU| Xohg§gmaqMVmŸ&&78Ÿ&&
Zm_g§H$sV©Zmda {dœmg R>o{dë`mZo H$_©gm§JVm H$er hmoVo d h[aH$sV©Z
{dœmg R>odyZ Ho$ë`mZ| {ZÛªÛ pñW{V H$er àmßV hmoVo ho _mJrb XmoZ ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVbo. B©ídamda {dœmg Agbobm _Zwî` ñ_aU qH$dm H$sV©Z^{ŠVÀ`m
_mJm©bm bmJob. nU Xodmda Á`mMm {dœmgM Zmhr Aem A{dœmgr _Zwî`mMr
pñWVr H$m` AgVo h| `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JyZ {Zð>md§V ^m{dH$ ^ŠVmMm ^mdhr
Xím©{dVmV.
Á`mMm am_mda {dœmg ZgVmo Aem A^ŠV qH$dm A{dœmgr
_Zwî`mbm OrdZ H§$R>rV AgVm§Zm d _¥Ë`yZ§Vahr gd© Jmoï>r ~mYH$M hmoVmV.
åhUOo OrdZ{h Agø, Xw:ImMo hmoV| d _aUmZ§Vahr AYmoJ{V àmßV hmoVo.
nU Aer {df_Vm H$m§ Agmdr ? ^ŠV Agmo H$s¨ A^ŠV Agmo,
B©ídambm XmoKohr gmaIoM. AmË_mam_mM| dmñVì` XmoKm§À`m{h {R>H$mUt Amho.
_J A^ŠVmbm gd© Jmoï>r ~mYH$ d ^ŠVmbm gd© gmÜ`, ""_Zt Yamd| V|
hmoV|'' Ag| H$m ? `mM| CÎma Ag| H$s, OJmMm _m`~mn-ñdm_r Agm B©ída
{df_ Zmht. gd© _wbm§Mo H$ë`mU ìhmdo Ag|M ~mnmbm dmQ>V|. nU _bm
AmVm gd© H$iV|, ~mnmbm H$m` {dMmamd`mMo§ ? Aer Ah§_Ý`Vm _wbmÀ`m
{R>H$mUr Ambr H$t ~mn ñdñW amhVmo. _J Ah§_Ý`VoZ| Oo _wbmZ| Ho$b| V|
Ë`mbmM ^moJmd| bmJV|. Vg|M `oW| Amho. ZmW åhUVmV ^ŠVmA^ŠVm§Mr
H$_©J{VŸ& ^Jd§V Mmbdr {Z{üVrŸ& VoW ^ŠVm§Mr H$m§ A{bßV{ñWVrŸ&
A^ŠV H$m§ hmoVr A{V~ÕŸ&& H$[aVm§ H¥$îU H$s{V© H$sV©ZŸ& ^ŠVm§Mm {Zago
Xohm{^_mZŸ& `mbmJt Vo A{bßV OmUŸ& A^ŠVm§ ~§YZ Ah§^mdŸ&& (Zm.
^m. 31-323,324) A^ŠVmbm gd© H$m§hr ~mYH$ hmoV| åhUOo Xoh
Ah§H$mam_wi| Vmo g§gmaMH«$m§V ~Õ hmoVmo.
Ah§H$mam_wio Xoh~w{Õ ÑT> hmoVo Ë`m_wi| Xohmer g§~§{YV Agob Vmo
_mPm d _bm gwI XoUmam {df` Vmo gË` Ago dmQy> bmJV| V|{M H$m`m _r
AmnUŸ& h| Xoh~wÕrMo bjUŸ& `oU| H$[aVm§ Omb| à_mUŸ& Ñí` AmdK|Ÿ&& (Xm.
6-8-41) doX, emñÌ `mda {dœmg Zgë`m_wio g¥ï>tV àmßV hmoUmè`m
174 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 175

{df`gwIm§V Vmo YS>nSy>§ bmJVmo. Ë`mgmR>r {d{hV, A{d{hV `m§Mm {dMma Z
H$[aVm§ dmQ>ob V| H$_© Vmo H$ê§$ bmJVmo. BVH|$ H$ê$Zhr {Od§V Agon`ªV
Xohg§gma qMVm gwQ>V Zmht, g_mYmZ àmßV hmoV Zmhr d nmnnwÊ`mMm {dMmaM
Zgë`m_wi| A§Vr XwJ©{V àmßV hmoVo. XohmMo{Z WmoanU|Ÿ& g_mYmZm{g Amb|
CU|Ÿ& Xoh nS>ob H$moÊ`mJwU|Ÿ& h| hr H$ioZmŸ&& (Xm. 7-2-36) åhUyZ
Xodmda {dœmg ZgUmè`m Aem A^ŠVmbm nm_a åhUOo XwX¡dr, n{VV,
H$a§Q>m Ag| åhUVmV. _mojXmVm fS²>JwU¡œ`©g§nÝZ, OJmMm ñdm_r, amOm{YamO
amOmam_ A§Vat Odi AgyZ Á`mZo Ho$di A{dœmgmZo Amnb| Bhna AZ{hV
Ho$bo Vmo AkmZr nm_a Zìho H$m ? {ZH$Q> Agboë`m AmË_mam_mM| A{dœmgmZ§o
{dñ_aU Pmë`m_wio§ Ag| H$a§Q>onU nXat `oV|. Zm_Xod Va Aem Zambm
Mm§S>mi åhUVmV. Zmht ^{ŠV Zm_t Vmo Mm§S>mi nmVH$sŸ& Vmo{M OmUm
bmoH$s¨ Xwï> Zï>Ÿ&&
^º$ qH$dm A^º$ `m§À`m ~mø {H«$`|V \$magm \$aH$ ZgVmo. XohY_m©bm
AZwgê$Z ImU|, {nU|, ì`dgm` BË`m{X ì`mnma XmoKm§Mo{h MmbyM AgVmV; nU
\$aH$ AgVmo g_OwVtV. ^º$mMm na_oœamda d Ë`mÀ`m gÎmoda {dœmg AgVmo.
Va A^º$mMm Ah§H$V©¥Ëdmda {dœmg AgVmo. H$Vm©, H$a{dVm EH$ Xod Aer
^º$m§Mr lÕm AgVo, Va H$Vm©, H$a{dVm _r Ago A^º$mbm dmQ>V|. ^ŠVmÀ`m
{R>H$mUt nmnnwÊ`mË_H$ {dMma AgVmo Va A^ŠVmbm Ë`mMr JaO ZgVo. A^º$
XohmMr d g§gmamMr qMVm H$aÊ`m§V Mya AgVmo, Va gd© H$m§hr qMVm Ho$br
^Jd§Vo Aer ^º$mMr {Zð>m AgVo.
`mda EH$ e§H$m Aer `oB©b H$s,§ gd© H$m§hr qMVm Amnbr AmnU
H$aVmo Agm AZw^d AgVm§Zm ""gd© H$m§hr qMVm Ho$br ^Jd§Vo'' Ag| åhUU|
qH$dm dmQ>U| h| A{dMmamM| Zìho H$m ? Zìho. ^ŠVmMm{h `m {Zð>o_mJo H$m§hr
emñÌr` {dMma AgVmo, Vmo Agm-Á`m g§H$ën~rOmnmgyZ `m XohmàV AmnU
Ambm| Vmo _yi g§H$ën H$moUmMm ? `mMm {dMma Ho$ë`mg Omo g§H$ën AmnU
Amnë`m K_|S>rV Amnbm åhUyZ H$dQ>miVmo Vmo g§H$ën Amnbm ZgyZ _yi
g§H$ën Vmo h[ag§H$ën Amho, Agm {Zü` hmoV OmVmo. g§H$ën Oa harMm Va
Ë`mnmgyZ Pmbobo Xoh ho XodmM| YZ Hw$~oamM|Ÿ& VoW| _Zwî`mM| H$m` AmhoŸ&& ho
VwH$mo~m§Mo åhUU| Ia| Zìho H$m ? Á`mMm Xoh Ë`mbm Ë`mMr qMVm. _J ""d¥Wm
dmhU| Xohg§gmaqMVm'' ho g_W©dMZ gË` Zìho H$m ?
gmam§e, H$Vm© H$a{dVm EH$ B©œa Amho Agm ÑT> {dœmg Var
nm{hOo qH$dm Am_Mo Amåhr Amhm| Agm Var {dœmg nm{hOo. {haÊ`H$í`ny
Var ìhmd| qH$dm àëhmX Var Agmd|; nU {haÊ`H$í`ny hmoU| AdKS> Amho,
gmon| Zmht. g§H$Q>na§nam Ambr qH$dm à`ËZmZt An`e nXat `oD$ bmJb|
åhUOo Ah§H$V©¥ËdmZo AmoW§~bobm A^ŠV S>i_iy§ bmJVmo. _J "BX§ M ZmpñV
na' M Z bä`Vo' Aer Ë`mMr AdñWm hmoVo. ^ŠVmbm CnmgZo_wi| lram_ hm
Amnbm nm{R>amIm Amho Agm {dœmg dmQ>Vmo. åhUyZ Ë`mÀ`m AmYmamda
g§e`mVrV hmoD$Z Vmo g_mYmZm§V amhVmo d A§Vr gÒ{V àmßV H$ê$Z KoVmo.
"dgo A§Var am_{dœmg OoW|Ÿ& Zgo _mZgt Zï> g§Xoh VoWoŸ&& {ddoHo$ Ah§^md
Á`mMm JimbmŸ& gXm amKdt EoŠ`ê$n| {_imbmŸ&& (H$$. A. 134-116) åhUyZ
öX`ñW am_mda A{dœmg Yê$Z _mZdm§Zr Amnb| AZ{hV H$ê$Z KoD$ Z`o.
_Zm nmdZm ^mdZm amKdmMrŸ&
Yar A§Var gmo{S> qMVm ^dmMrŸ&
^dmMr {Odm _mZdm ^y{b R>obrŸ&
Zgo dñVwMr YmaUm ì`W© JobrŸ&&79Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$m§V Á`mMm am_mda {dœmg Zmht Aem A{dœmgr
_Zwî`mbm BhbmoH$s¨ d A§Vr H$ï> H$go hmoVmV h| gm§JyZ H¡$dë`XmVm lram_
Odi AgVm§Zm CJrM Xohg§gmaqMVm H$aU| ì`W© hmo`, Ag| gm§{JVb|. h|
ì`W© H$g| `mMm {ddoH$ `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
_Zm, amKdmMr nmdZm ^mdZm A§Vat Yar, ^dmMr qMVm gmoS>r.
~m _Zm; Vy§ àn§MmMr Or {M§Vm H$[aVmog Vr gmoSy>Z Xo Am{U Á`m `moJmZ| Vy§ nmdZ
hmoerb åhUOo VwPm CÕma hmoB©b. Aem amKdmM| ào_mZ| qMVZ H$a. gm§Sy>Z
Amnbr g§gma doWmŸ& H$arV Omdr XodmMr qMVmŸ& {Zê$nU, H$sV©Z,
H$WmdmVm©Ÿ& XodmÀ`m{M gm§Jmì`mŸ&& (Xm. 4-8-7) XodmMr qMVm åhUOo
{Za{Zamù`m àH$mam§Zt Ë`mM| gVV ñ_aU. `m_wio Vy§ X¡dr g§nÎmrMm hmoerb
d VwPr Xoh~w{Õ PSy>Z Vy§ AmË_~w{ÕMm hmoerb. Xoh g§gmaqMVZmZ| V_moJwU
dmTy>Z AkmZ à~b hmoB©b, nU am_^OZmZ| gÎdJwU dmTy>Z kmZmMr dmT>
hmoV OmB©b. H$maU Jwê$Ûmam AmË_~wÕrMm XmVm _r Amho, Ag| ^JdmZ åhUVmV.
Vofm§ gVV`wŠVmZm§ ^OVm§ àrVrnyd©H$§Ÿ& XXm{_ ~w{Õ`moJ§ V§ `oZ
_m_wn`mpÝV VoŸ&& (^. Jr. 10-10) CÕdmbm Vo åhUVmV, ""^md| H$[aVm§ _mPr
176 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 177

^ŠVrŸ& ewÕ hmo` {MÎmd¥ÎmrŸ& VoU| AmË_Ñï>rMr pñW{VŸ& Jwê$H¥$nm nmdVr
_X²^ŠVŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 29-275) åhUyZ g§gmaqMVm gmoSy>Z amKdñ_aU gVV
Agmd|. Ag| Z H$[aVm§ g§gmaqMVZM H$arV amherb Va H$m` hmoB©b h| ~m
_Zm, Vwbm gm§JVmo.
{Odm _mZdm ^dmMr ^y{b R>obrŸ& Zgo dñVwMr YmaUm doW© JobrŸ&&
g§gma hr EH$ àH$maMr ^yb Amho. åhUOo Jw§JdyZ Q>mH$Umam ^«_ Amho. hm
^yb^wbdUrMm Ioi Amho. _mZdr Ord `m§V ghO AS>H$Vmo. dmñV{dH$ g§gma
Aer H$m§hr dñVyM Zmhr. ZwgË`m dñVyMr åhUOo AgË` dñVyMr ^mdZm H$aU|
hmM _wit ^«_. Zgboë`m ~mJwb~modmMr H$ënZm Yê$Z AkmZr ~mbH$m§Zr Km~ê$Z
~gmd| Ë`m§VbmM hm n«H$ma. gË`pñWVr Aer Amho H$s¨ EH$ na~«÷ g§Mb|Ÿ&
H$Xmnr Zmht {dH$mab|Ÿ& Ë`mdoJio ^mgb|Ÿ& V| ^«_ê$nŸ&& (Xm. 10-6-9)
_Zm, Vy§ åhUerb H$s¨ g§gma OJÐÿnmZo àË`j {XgVmo, _bm ñdV:bm ^mgVmo,
Ag| AgVm§Zm Vmo ZmhtM qH$dm Vmo ^«_ Amho Ag| H$g| åhUVm ? _Zm, Oo
àË`j nmhVm§ AmS>ioŸ& {dMma KoVm§ Var ZmS>ioŸ&& (Xm. 1-3-7) Ag| ho
_m{`H$ ZmQH$ Amho. åhUyZ `mMm {dMma Vwbm gm§JVm|.
àW_ ho bjmV R>odmdo H$s ""^«__yb{_X§ OJV²'' h| g_OyZ KoÊ`mM|
Pmë`mg `mMm {dMma ì`mdhm[aH$ ÑîQ>rZ| H$ê$Z MmbUma Zmht. Vmo
kmZÑï>rZ|M Pmbm nm{hOo. ì`dhmamH$S>o ì`dhmamÀ`m Ñï>rZ| nmhmd|, d
na_mWm©H$S>o kmZÑï>rZ|, VmpËdH$ Ñï>rZ| nmhmd|. ì`dhmam§V {ham hm _mobmMm
nXmW© Amho. nU agm`Zemi|V Vmo H$moiemÀ`m H$gm~amo~a ~gVmo. nU
H$moiemÀ`m qH$_VrZ| Vmo _mJU| Aì`dhm`© R>aob. åhUyZM {dÛmZm§Zr
ì`mdhm[aH$ gÎmm Am{U nma_m{W©H$ gÎmm Aem XmoZ gÎmm _mZë`m AmhoV.
åhUyZ ~«÷mdoJi| BVa gd© ^«_ê$n H$g| h| Vm{ÎdH$ ÑîQ>rZo nmhÿ§.
Agmd`mM| EH$ d {Xgmd`mM| qH$dm dmQ>md`mM| ^bV|, hm ^«_
hmo`. Agmd`mMr gy`©{H$aU| nU dmQ>md`mM| nmUr (_¥JOi), Agmd`mM|
dR>bob| PmS> nU dmQ>md`mM| ^yV, hm ^«_, `oH$ AgVm§ `oH$ dmQ>oŸ& `oH$ gm§JVm§
`oH$ {ZdQ>oŸ& `oH$ {XgVm `oH$ CR>oŸ& `m Zm§d ^«_Ÿ&& (Xm. 10-6-23) `mbmM
{dÛmZ² bmoH$ AÜ`mg Ag| åhUVmV. `XÝ`XÝ`Ì {d^mì`Vo
^«_mXÜ`mg{_Ë`mhþa_w_² {dn{üV:Ÿ& Agn©^yVo@{h {d^mdZ§ `Wm aÁdm{XHo$
VÛXnrœao OJV²Ÿ&&' (am. Jr. 37) ^«_mZ| EH$m dñVyÀ`m {R>H$mUr AÝ`
dñVyMr àVr{V hmoUo `mbm {dÛmZ² AÜ`mg Ag| åhUVmV. Á`mà_mU| gn©ê$n
Zgboë`m Xmoar_Ü`o§ gnm©Mr àVr{V hmoVo, Ë`mà_mU| B©œañdê$nmM|
A{YîR>mZmda `m OJÐþnr g§gmamMr àVr{V `oVo. ^«_ê$n {dœ ñd^md|Ÿ& VoW|
H$m` åhUmoZr gm§JmdoŸ& {ZJw©U ~«÷mdoJi| AmKd|Ÿ& ^«_ê$nŸ&& (Xm. 10-6-36)
g§gmaahmQ>rgmR>t, Ë`m§Vrb ì`dhmamgmR>t _ZmZ|M CËnÝZ Ho$bobm hm
Ag§»` H$ënZm§Mm Ioi Amho. åhUyZM _Zmg CnXoe. hm Ioi H$gm hmoVmo h|
EH$m CXmhaUmZ| ñnï> hmoB©b. EImXm ì`mdhm[aH$ _Zwî` H$mnS>XwH$mZm§V
Jobm åhUOo Ë`mg {Za{Zamù`m AZoH$ dñVy {XgVmV. bwJS>t, YmoVa|, MmXar,
{Za{Zamù`m a§Jm§Mo H$mnS> BË`m{X. ho gd© {Za{Zamio Zm_ê$nmË_H$ àH$ma
AmhoV Ago dmQy>Z, Vo nmhÿZ Vmo M{H$V hmoVmo. nU EImXm VÎdk Ë`m XwH$mZm§V
Joë`mg Ë`mbm gd© XwH$mZm§V H$mngmÀ`m Vw§V{da{hV H$m§hr Zmht Ag| dmQ>ob
d Vmo åhUob H$s¨ `oW| EH$ H$mngmMm V§VyM gË` Amho. YmoVa, bwJS>r
BË`m{X Zmd| d ê$n| AgË` AgyZ V§Vw{da{hV `m gd© H$mnS>m§V H$m§htM
Zmht. AmS>do{VS>do {dUbo V§VyŸ& Ë`m§gr dó Zm_ ho _¥fm _mVyŸ& Vodt g§gma
eãX hm ì`W©wŸ& ñ\w$a| ^Jd§Vy _r VÐÿnŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 12-416) AmnUgwÕm§ VÎd
H$ib| H$s¨ Ë`m Jmoï>rMm {dMma AgË` åhUyZ gmoS>Vmo. ñdßZ, _¥JOi,
Jmê$S>çmMm Ioi, BË`m{XH$m§Zr AmnU _mo{hV hmoV Zmht d Ë`mMm {dMma{h
H$arV Zmht H$maU hm ^mg Amho, Ë`m§V gË`Vm Zmht åhUyZ Ë`m§Mm {dMma
H$aU| ì`W© hmo` Aer Amnbr ImÌr AgVo.
VmËn`© h| H$s¨, _ZH$ënZo{da{hV g§gma Ag| H$m§ht ZmhrM.
H$ënZoda C^mabobr g¥{ï> åhUOo ^mgM. åhUD${Z Zmht Am{U AgoŸ& ho
H$ënZoMo{Z gm¡ag|Ÿ& Oo H$ënZmbmon| ^«§eoŸ& Am{U H$ënZogd| hmo`Ÿ&& (km. 9-
91) hm AkmZ_ybH$, ^«m§V, Ñí` ngmam Á`m A{Yð>mZmda ^mgVmo Vmo gdmªMm
gË` AmYma EH$M Amho. Vmo åhUOo {ZJw©U AmË_mam_. hmM Xod, hmM _r,
Ë`mÀ`mer VmXmËå` hmoU| qH$dm Ë`mbm Zm_ê$nmM| boU| MT>dyZ Ë`mÀ`met VX«yn
hmoU| hrM ^[ŠV. Ed§ g¥ï>r {_Ï`m OmUŸ& OmUyZr ajmd| gJwUŸ& Eogr ho
AZw^dmMr IyUŸ& AZw^dr OmUVrŸ&& (Xm. 6-6-60) `m ^mdmZo g_W©
åhUVmV- ""gË` ñdê$nmMm N>§X Ko. {_Ï`m _m`oMm gmoS>.''
Yam lrdam Ë`m ham-A§VamV|Ÿ&
Vam XwñVam Ë`m nam gmJamV|Ÿ&&
gam drgam Ë`m ^am Xw^©amV|Ÿ&
H$am ZrH$am Ë`m Iam _ËgamV|Ÿ&&80Ÿ&&
178 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 179

_mJrb ûcmoH$m§V g§gma hm ~mJwb Agë`m_wi§o ZgË`m dñVyM| ì`W©
qMVZ Z H$[aVm n{VVnmdZ Aem amKdmM| qMVZ H$a, Ag| _Zmbm
gm§{JVbo. g§gma hm ^«_ Amho ho VmpËdH$ Ñï>rZ| Oar gË` Agbo Var
Ordm_mJ| Oo§ nmoQ> bmJb| Amho V| ñdñW ~gy§ XoV Zmht, g§gmaqMVm
H$a{dV|M, `mMr dmQ> H$m` ? `mM| CÎma `m ûcmoH$mV Ago XoVmV H$s¨ _moR>_moR>çm
Xodm§Mo CXmhaU S>moù`m§nwT>| R>odyZ nmoQ>mbm {M_Q>m KoD$Z `m _m{`H$ IoimÀ`m
{Z`§Ë`mbm ^OZmZ| Amnbmgm Ho$bmM nm{hOo. Ë`m{edm` AÝ` VaUmonm`
Zmht.
ham A§VamV| Ë`m lrdam Yam. Ë`m XwñVam nam gmJamV| Vam. lr
e§H$a Á`mM| Zoh_t öX`m§V ñ_aU H$[aVmV Aem Ë`m bú_rnVrMo {dîUyM|,
åhUOoM AdVmar lrgrVmnVr am_M§ÐmMo {dñ_aU hmoD$ Z XoVm§ Ë`mbm Yam, gmoSy>§
ZH$m. åhUOo OZm~mB© åhUVmV Ë`mà_mU| Amnë`m öX`m§Vrb ~§XrImÝ`m§V
ào_mÀ`m XmoarZo ~m§YyZ Ë`mbm H$m|Sy>Z R>odm. öX`r ~§{XImZm Ho$bmŸ&
Ë`m§V {dÇ>b H$m|{S>`obmŸ&& ào_mMr Xmoar bd{MH$ d _D$ AgyZ{h Z VwQ>Umar
Aer Amho. {VZ| ~Õ Pmbobm H$mê$Ê`ê$n lram_ {H$Vr{h g_W© Agbm Var
Ë`mVyZ Vmo gwQ>V ZmhtM, nU Amnbmgm hmoVmo. kmZmo~m åhUVmV H$s¨ H$moaS>|
H$mð> brboZ§ nmoIaUmam ^m|Jm H$modù`m H${iHo$V ào_m_wio AS>Hy$Z amhVmo.
VoW CÎmrU© hmoB©b àmU|Ÿ& nar V| H$_iXi {Mê§$ ZoU|Ÿ& V¡go H${R>U H$modionU|Ÿ&
ñZoh XoImŸ&& (km. 1-202) Ago h| H$modionUm_wi|M H$R>rU Ag| H$mê$Ê`ào_
Amho. Vmo öX`ñW am_ EH$Xm H$m Amnbmgm Pmbm åhUOo nam åhUOo \$ma
_moR>m d XwñVa åhUOo Vê$U OmÊ`mg \$ma H$R>rU Agm àn§Mê$nr gmJa
AmQy>ZM OmVmo. åhUOo ^«_ê$n AgË` R>aVmo. H$maU lram_ hm H$mê$Ê`qgYy d
H$ê$Um H$aUmam Agë`m_wio§ ^ŠVmbm Amnb| ñdê$nkmZ XoD$Z Vmo Ë`mMm
^d^«_ Xya H$[aVmo. H$moUr {H$Vrhr kmZr Agmo. loð> Agmo, BVH|$M H$m` nU ~S>m
Xod Agmo, ^JdV²^OZmZo ^JdVH¥$nm g§nmXZ Ho$ë`m[edm` àn§Mm§VyZ Ë`mMr
gwQ>H$m Zmhr. Z H$[aVm§ ^JdV²^OZŸ& ~«h²å`mgrhr _w{ŠV Zìho OmUŸ&
_J BVam§Mm kmZm{^_mZŸ& nwgo H$moU na_mWuŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 3-180)
åhUyZ _hmXodmgma»`m loð> XodmMm AmMma bjm§V KoD$Z _mZdmZ§o{h
am_^OZ H$ê$Z Amnbm CÕma H$ê$Z ¿`mdm.
`mda Aer EH$ e§H$m `oB©b. H$s¨, _hmXodmgma»`m Xodm§Zm gd©
Jmoï>tMr AZwHw$bVm Agë`m_wi| Vo ^OZmV H$mi Kmbdy§ eH$Vrb. nU
_mZdmÀ`m _mJ| nmoQ>mMm O~aXñV àý Amho. AmYt nmoQ>mo~m _J {dR>mo~m.
Aem pñWVtV g§gma hm ^«_ê$n Amho. Ë`mM| qMVZ gmoSy>Z am_^OZ H$arV
amhm, Agm CnXoe Ho$ë`mg Vmo {H$VnV _mZdob ? Ho$di dmXmgmR>r Aer
e§H$m KoVë`mg {VM| {ZamH$aU hmoUma Zmht. nU nma_m{W©H$ {hV
gmYÊ`mÀ`m g{XÀN>oZ| hr e§H$m Agë`mg Ë`mbm {Vgè`m MaUm§V g_WmªMo
CÎma Amho.
Xw^©a åhUOo {H$Vr{h ^ab| Var ^aÊ`mg H$R>rU Ag| Oo§ nmoQ>
V| ^am. Amåhr ZH$mo åhUV Zmhr. H$maU V| ^aë`m{edm` XohYmaUmM hmoUma
Zmhr, d Xohm{edm` gmYZ hmoUma Zmht. nU gmaI| nmoQ>mÀ`mM _mJ| bmJy
ZH$m. AmYr nmoQ>mo~m Agy Xo, nU Z§Va Var {dR>mo~m Agy Xo. H$m§ gVV nmoQ>mo~mM ?
Ë`mnmgyZ gam åhUOo Oa _mJ| hQ>m d Ë`mbm WmoS>| {dgam. _mZdoVa `moZr
`m ^moJ`moZr Agë`m_wi| Ë`m gd© `moZtV qhSy>Z nmoQ> ^aÊ`mMrM MQ>H$
bmJbr Amho, åhUyZ `m Xohm§V WmoS>m {ddoH$ H$ê$Z nwT>rb bm^ bjm§V
KoD$Z nmoQ>mbm WmoS>m doi {dgam. ZmhrVa _mZdXoh àmßV hmoD$Z {deof Ago
H$m` gmYbo§ ? åhUyZ àn§M gwI| H$amdmŸ& nar H$m§ht na_mW© dmT>dmdmŸ&
na_mW© AdKm{M ~wS>dmdmŸ& h| {d{hV ZìhoŸ&& (Xm. 5-3-103) Ho$di
nmoQ>mWu åhUyZ OJUo§ ho _mZdmbm emo^Ê`mgmaIo ZgyZ Ë`m§V AmË_KmV Amho.
OJ h| ì`mdhm[aH$ gÎmm`wŠV Agë`m_wi| ImU|, {nU| BË`m{X
ì`dhma MmbUmaM. Jmê$S>r {dÚoMm {Zamg Z H$[aVm§ Vr ImoQ>r Amho Ag|
g_OyZ Mmbmd`mM| AgV|. Vg|M eara YmaUobm Amdí`H$ Aem ^moJm§Mm
{Zamg Z H$[aVm ""^«__yb{_X§ OJV²'' ho OmUyZ ì`mdhm[aH$ gÎm|V
Zm§Xmd`mMo AgV|. nmoQ>mgmR>r ì`dhma hm Amdí`H$ Amho. nU Vmo
VwH$mo~m åhUVmV Ë`mà_mU| OmoSy>{Z`m YZ CÎm_ doìhma|Ÿ& CXmg {dMma|Ÿ&
d|M H$arŸ&& (Jm. 3950) `m ñdê$nmMm Agbm nm{hOo VaM Vmo na_mWm©bm
nmofH$ hmoVmo. g_Wm©§Mm ^md Agm Amho H$s§ gXmMmam§V amhÿZ nmoQ> ^am,
nU Xwgam lr_§V d ^m½`dmZ² H$m§ Am{U _r Agm X[aÐr, XwX©¡dr H$m§ `m
_Ëga~wÕrZo Oa nmoQ>mgmR>r YS>nS>V amhmb Va Vo KmVH$ R>aob. åhUyZ eodQ>À`m
MaUm§V gm§JVmV-
Ia åhUOo JX©^ê$nr _Ëga Ë`mÀ`mer ZrH$am H$am åhUOo hÅ>mZ|
PJSy>Z Ë`mMm Zme H$am. _Ëga åhUOo Xwgè`mMo ~a| Z nmhU|. Xwgè`mMm
_Ëga H$ê$Z Amnb| H$YrM ~a| hmoV Zmhr§. CbQ> ~w{Õ^«§e _mÌ hmoVmo. àË`oH$
180 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 181

_Zwî` Amnë`m H$_m©Zo {Z~Õ Agë`m_wi| ""Og| H$amd| Vg| ^moJmd|'' hm B©œar
Ý`m` Amho. B©œa Pmbm Var Vmo àmaãY-H$_m©Mm {Z`{V {Z`_ _moS>rV Zmht.
CR>U| H$m ~¡gU|Ÿ& V| Xohmgr X¡dJwU|Ÿ& AÑï>JVt XoU| KoU|Ÿ& ImU| OodU|
AÑï>|Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 13-643) Amnb| AÑï> AmnUM Amnë`m H$_m©Zo {Z_m©U
H$arV AgVmo. åhUyZ B©œambm Xmof bmdy§ Z`o. Vmo Amnë`m ^ŠVmbm MT>UrMm
X_ bmJy§ XoV Zmhr, åhUOo Xw:I ^mgy§ XoV Zmht. H$moUË`mht pñWVrV g_mYmZ
amhV|. Agboë`m pñWVr§V g_mYmZ Z nmdUmam Mm§Jbr pñWVr àmßV Pmbr Var
g_mYmZr hmoUma Zmht. åhUyZ H$moUmMm{h _Ëga Z H$[aVm§ Amnë`mnojm§ J[a~tV
AgUmè`m bmoH$m§H$S>o Ñ{ï> R>odyZ g_mYmZm§V amhÿZ na_mW© gmYmdm. `mbmJt
AÑï>| O| àmßVŸ& VoU| {Zdm©ho gXm {ZqüVŸ&& gmYH$ na_mW© gm{YVŸ&
g§Vmof`wŠV Jwê$dmŠ`|Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 3-497)
_Zm _Ëga| Zm_ gm§Sy>§ ZH$mo hmoŸ&
AVr AmXa| hm {ZOÜ`mg amhmoŸ&&
g_ñVm§_Y| Zm_ ho§ gma AmhoŸ&
XwOr VwiUm Vy{iVm§hr Z gmhoŸ &&81Ÿ&&
_Ëga~wÕrZ| Ho$di nmoQ>mWu amhÿZ _mZdr OrdZ \w$H$Q> Kmbdy§ ZH$m.
Agboë`m pñWVtV g_mYmZ _mZyZ H$mht na_mW© gmYm. e§H$amgma»`m XodmH$S>o
bj XoD$Z Var am_mbm Ü`mZt Yê$Z R>odm, Agm CnXoe _mJrb ûcmoH$mV
OZmbm Ho$bm. nU _ËgamMm CÕd _Zm§V hmoV Agë`m_wio H$mZm§Zr EoH$bobm
CnXoe _Zmbm R>gmdm åhUyZ `m ûcmoH$mV _mJrb-CnXoeM _Zmbm
H$[aVmV.
~m _Zm, Agboë`m pñWVtV g_mYmZ _mZyZ H$moÊ`mht OrdmH$S>o _Ëga
~wÕrZ| nmhÿ ZH$mo hmo, H$maU àË`oH$ àm{U_mÌm§V AmË_mam_mM| dmñVì` Amho
Ë`m_wi| H$moÊ`m{h OrdmMm _Ëga H$aU| åhUOo Ë`m am_mMm _Ëga
H$aÊ`mgmaIo§ Amho. H$moÊ`m{h OrdmMm _Ëga Z hmoÊ`mZ| gd}œamMr nyOm
hmoV AgVo. XmoZ Jmoï>r bjm§V R>od. H$moUmMm _Ëga H$ê§$ ZH$mog Am{U
am_Zm_ gmoSy>§ ZH$mog.
Zm_mZ| Xwgè`m{df`t VwPr _Ëga~w{Õ Zmhter hmoB©b, Am{U Xwgè`m
H$moUr VwPm _Ëga Ho$ë`mg Vwbm Anm` hmoUma Zmht. CbQ> Cnm`M hmoB©b.
Zm_ h| `mà_mU| {dÜZ| Zme H$aUma| XwYmar eñÌ Amho. H$moUmg§~§Yr _Ëga CËnÝZ
hmoV Amho Ag| {Xgb| ao {Xgb| H$s bJoM Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt Zm_mZ| ^JdV²^mdZm
H$amdr. AWdm H$moUr Amnbm _Ëga H$[aVmo Ag| {Xgë`mg Ë`mMo {R>H$mUr{h
Zm_mZ| ^JdØmdZm H$amdr. H$s¨ Anm` VmoM Cnm` hmoVmo. ho ^{ŠV_mJm©Vrb
EH$ bjm§V R>odÊ`mgmaI| VËd Amho. OoWy{Z `oD§$ nmho AnmdŸ& VoW| ÑT>
dmT>ë`m ^JdØmdŸ&& Voìhm§ Anmd{M hmo` CnmdŸ& {d¿Zmgr R>md
AgoZmŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 28-54) ""nU nr hiX H$s¨ hmo Jmoar'' Ag| PQ>{Xer
hmoUma| ho H$m`© Zìho. _Zm, H$moR>ohr bJoM ^JdØmdZm CËnÝZ hmoUo ho H$m§hr
gmon| H$m_ Zmht. Ë`mgmR>r AÅ>mhmgmZ| Ü`mg ¿`mdm bmJVmo.
AmnËH$mit ñdg§ajUmW© Cn`moJr nS>mdm åhUyZ X§S> Ogm bjnyd©H$
_ohZV KoD$Z gmaIm {\$admdm bmJVmo, Vg| Ü`mZt _Zt ^JdÝZm_ d ê$n
h| gmaI| Kmoidmd| bmJV|. OS> Xoh d Ë`mbm Ioi{dUmam AmË_mam_
`mì`{V[aŠV ""_r'' Agm H$moUrM Zgë`m_wio OmJ¥{V, ñdßZ d gwfw{ßV `m
AdñWm§Mr OmUrd Agbobo Amnb|M V| ê$n hmo` BH$S>o gmaI| bj nwadmd|
bmJVo. VaM _r Xoh hr AZoH$ OÝ_OÝ_m§VarMr ~gbobr JmR> {T>bt nS>Vo d
A^`Ëd `oV|. {H$Ë`oH$ doit _Zm§V AgV| nU Ü`mZmV `oV Zmht. Va H$m§hr
doim Ü`mZmMo doit ñdê$n ñW¡`© AgV| nU BVa doit {djon `oVmo. åhUyZ
_Zm, Vwbm Zm_mMm ào_nyd© N>§X bmJy§ Xo. AI§S> Ü`mZmMo§ bjUŸ& AI§S>
XodmM| ñ_aUŸ& `mMo H$iVm§ {ddaUŸ& ghO{M KS>oŸ&& (Xm. 14-8-24)
Ag| Agy§ Xo ~a|.
_mojmgmR>r§ Or {d{dY gmYZ| doXemñÌm§Zt gm§{JVbr AmhoV Ë`m§V
Zm_ h| gma gmYZ H$g| Amho h| emoYyZ nmhm Am{U g§e` Z Y[aVm§ V|
gmYZ H$am Agm-""g_ñVm§_Y| gma gmMma Amho'' `m 75 ì`m ûcmoH$m§V
bmoH$m§Zm CnXoe Ho$bm. nU CnXoe EH$m H$mZmZ| Am§V {eê$Z Xwgè`m H$mZmZ|
VgmM ~mhoa nS>Ê`mMm g§^d AgVmo. _Zm, Vy§ gd© B§{Ð`m§Mm amOm Amhog
åhUyZ VwPon`©V hm CnXoe nm|Mmdm åhUyZ Vwbm nwÝhm gm§JVmo H$s¨ g_ñVm§_Y|
Zm_ h|M gma Amho.
Zm_ h|M gd© ñdV§Ì, XoeH$mb~§YZa{hV Ag| loð> gmYZ Amho.
Zm_mgr Zmht H$_©~§YZŸ& Zm_mgr Zmht {d{Y{dYmZŸ& AmgZt ^moOZt e`Zt
OmUŸ& Zm_ nmdZ harM|Ÿ&& (^m. am.) gd© doXm§Mo h|M gma Amho. _m`oMm
Aml` KoD$Z gd© g¥ï>rMr CËn{Îm H$ê$Z, gd© àm[U_mÌm§V ì`mnyZ am{hbob|,
182 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 183

gJwU-{ZJwU© A§JmZo ZQ>Umao§ O| ñd`§^y ~«÷ V|M Zm_mM| bú` Amho. åhUyZ
Zm_ h| gma Amho. emñÌmMo O| gma doXm§Mr Omo _y{V©Ÿ& Vmo Amåhm gm§JmVr
àmUgImŸ&& (Jm. 1594) Ag| VwH$mo~m åhUVmV.
AmUIr EH$ {dMma Agm H$s¨ XohmH$Sy>Z H$moUVo{h O| H$_© KS>V|
V| ~mø H$_]{Ð`| d Am§Vrb kmZo§{Ð`| `m XmoZ gmYZm§_wi| KS>V|. nU ht XmoZ
gmYZ| A_bm§V `oÊ`mnydu A§V:H$aUm§V H$ënZoZo Ë`m H$_mªMm àW_ CÀMma
hmoVmoM. ""Kar§ ^mOr Zmhr§'' Ag| eãX EoHy§$ Ambo H$s ""~mOmamV Jobo§ nm{hOo''
`m eãXm§Mm àW_ A§V:H$aUmV gyú_ Cƒma hmoVmo d _J hmV H$nS>o
KmbVmV d nm` ~mOmamH$S>o diVmV. _J gd© H$_mªMo Am{XH$maU Zm_
Zìho H$m ? Zm_mZ|M gd© H$_© Zm§dmê$nmbm `oV|. åhUyZ Zm_ h| ì`mnH$, gd©
gmYZm§Mo gma d gdm©V à_wI gmYZ Amho.
_Zm, AmUIr EH$ _w»` {dMma bjm§V R>od, JrV|V ^Jd§Vm§Zr bmS>Š`m
AOw©Zmbm Omo eodQ>r Jwø g§Xoe gm§{JVbm Vmo _Ý_Zm ^d _ØŠVmo _ÚmOr
_m_² Z_ñHw$ê$ (^. Jr. 18-65) Agm Amho. hm g§Xoe EH$m Zm_-gmYZmZ|
gmYVm§ `oVmo. _r gd© dñVrM| dgm¡Q>|Ÿ& _mPt Zm_| {O`| MmoIQ>|Ÿ& {V`o§ Ordm
`md`m dmQ>oŸ& dmMo{M`o bmdtŸ&& (km. 18-1357) gd©Ì _mPrM dñVr
Amho. nU Ë`m ì`mnH$ ñdê$nmM| gd©H$mi ñ_aU amhmd| `mgmR>t dmUrZo
gd© H$mi _mÂ`m n{dÌ Zm_mMm Cƒma H$arV Om.
hm gd© {dMma Ho$bm åhUOo _Zm, Vwbm bJoM H$iob H$s¨ `m
Zm_mÀ`m VmobmM| AÝ` gmYZ Zmht. `k, `mJ, XmZ, d«V|, Vn| B. gmYZm§Zm
Zm_mMr ga Zmht- _J AÝ` Agma gmYZm§À`m _mJ| H$embm bmJmd| ?
_Vm_Vm§À`m Jb~ë`m§V Z {eaVm {Zð>oZ| `mM gmagmYZmM| J«hU H$amd|
Zm_mdrU gmYZ Zmht `m H${b`wJtŸ& ì`W© l_ ^moJr nmhVm§ _V|Ÿ&
~hÿ Zm_ `m am_Zm_t VwioZmŸ&
A^m½`m Zam nm_am h| H$ioZmŸ&
{dfm Am¡fY KoVb| nmd©Vre|Ÿ&
{Odm _mZdm qH$H$am H$moU nygoŸ&&82Ÿ&&
_Ëga~wÕrZ| Zm_mH$S>o Xwb©j H$ê§$ ZH$mo. BVa AZoH$ gmYZ| AgVm§
Zm_m§VM {deof H$m` Ago dmQy>§ XoD§$ ZH$mo H$maU gd© gmYZm§V V|M EH$
gmagmYZ Amho Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$mV _Zmbm gm§{JVb|. AmVm§ na_mËå`m§À`m
AZoH$ Zm_m§V am_Zm_ h| loîR> H$g| Amho ho§ `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
na_oœamMt ghò Zm_| AmhoV. na§Vw BVa Zm_m§er am_Zm_mMr
VwiUmhr hmoUma Zmht Ag| am_Zm_ loð> Amho. na§Vw AkmZr H$a§Q>çm d
XwX¡dr _Zwî`mbm h| g_OV Zmht. g_W© Ag| H$m åhUVmV `mMm WmoS>m {dMma
nmhÿ§.
amdUdY _Zwî`mÀ`mM hmVyZ ìhmd`mMm Agë`m_wio§ {dîUyZ|
Xodm§À`m {dZ§Vrdê$Z Xmea{W am_mM| ê$n YmaU H$ê$Z gd©ñdr _mZdVoMm
A§JrH$ma Ho$bm. amdUdYmZ§Va, Vy§ Xod Amhog, Ag| BVa XodVm§Zt am_mg
åhQ>ë`mZ§Va ñdV: am_M åhUVmV H$s¨ AmË_mZ§ _mZwf§ _Ý`o am_§ XeaWmË_O_²Ÿ&&
(dm. am. `w. H$m§. g. 117, ûcmoH$ 11) _r _Zwî` AgyZ XeaWnwÌ Amho d _mP|
Zmd am_ Amho. åhUyOo am_ `m Zm_m§V XeaWnwÌ `m ZmË`mZ| _mZdVm Amho d
_yi {dîUwê$n `m ZmË`mZ| B©ídËd Amho åhUyZ na_oœamMm hm AdVma Ho$di
XwîH¥$VmMm {dZme H$aÊ`mgmR>r§ ZgyZ _mZdmZ| Ë`mnmgyZ ~moY KoD$Z ZamMm Zmam`U
ìhmd| `mgmR>r Amho. lrH¥$îU ho Xodm d _mZd ê$nmZ| dmdab| Var Ë`m§Mo AdVmam§V
AK{Q>VKQ>ZmnQw>Ëd AgyZ Ah§H¥$V ^mdmMm nyU© A^md Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§Zm
nyUm©dVma åhUVmV. Ë`m§Mo M[aÌ `ñ` Zmh§H¥$Vmo ^mdmo ~w{Õ`©ñ` Z
{bß`VoŸ& hËdm{n g B_m§„moH$mÝV hpÝV Z {Z~Ü`Vo (^. Jr. 18-17)
`m WmQ>mM| Agë`m_wi| _mZdmbm V| A_bm§V AmUU| H$R>rU Amho.
am_M[aÌ h| EH$-dMZr, EH$ nËZr, EH$ ~mUr Ag| Agë`m_wio§ Ë`m§Zm
_`m©Xmnwê$fmoÎm_ Ago åhUVmV.
gmam§e, Á`mbm ""àn§M gmYyZr na_mW© Ho$bm Vmo Za ^bm ao ^bm''
Ag| ^bonU nXam§V nmSy>Z ¿`md`mM| Amho Ë`mZ| am_Zm_mZ| Ë`m§Mo _mZdËd
AmR>dyZ gmdYmZVoZo§ àn§M gmYmdm d Ë`m§Mo XodËd AmR>dyZ AmË_{hV
gmYmd|. lram_mM| _mZdê$n AdVmam~amo~a g_mßV Pmb| Var Ë`m§Mo Xodê$n
AmË_mam_ ê$nmZ| gd©Ì ì`mnyZM Amho. àJQ> am_mM| {ZemUŸ& AmË_mam_
kmZKZŸ& {dœ§^a {dÚ_mZŸ& ^m½`| H$ioŸ&& (Xm. 20-4-14) hm am_ Amnë`m
OdiM AgyZ Zm_mZ| Ë`mÀ`met g»` OmoS>ë`mg ^m½`dmZmbm Vmo àmßV
hmoÊ`mOmoJm Amho.
AdVmaÑîQ>çm darb {dMma gm§{JVbm. AmVm _§ÌÑîQ>çm Zm_mMm
{dMma nmhÿ§. am_ hm VmaH$ _§Ì Amho. J^©OÝ_ Oam_aU g§gma _hË^`mV²
184 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 185

g§Vma`{_{VŸ& Vñ_mXwÀ`Vo VmaH${_{VŸ&& (am. C. Vm. 2) lram_ J^©OÝ`
_Oam_aU BË`m{XH$m§Zr `wŠV AgUmè`m g§gmamÀ`m _hX²^`mnmgyZ ^ŠVm§Zm
VmaVmV. åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm VmaH$~«÷ åhUVmV. am_ `m nXmZ| na~«÷ A{^n«oV
Amho. `mnmgyZ hmoUmam àUd _mojXm`H$ d VÎd_{g ê$n Amho. åhUOo
na~«÷ Vy§ Amhog Agm hm _§Ì CnXoe H$[aVmo. a H$ma ho VËnXdmÀ`
na_oœa, _H$ma ho Ëd§ nXdmÀ` Ord Am{U Amhog hm AW© Á`m nXmZ| hmoVmo
V| A{gnX åhUOo A hmo`.
àË`oH$ XodVog ~rO AgV|. am_ `m Zm_m§V aH$ma h| A{½Z~rO
Amho. h| _Zmo_b Zme H$[aV|. AmH$ma h| gy`©~rO Amho. h| V_ åhUOo AkmZ
Zmhtgo H$[aV|. _H$ma M§Ð~rO Amho. h| {Ì{dYVmn haU H$ê$Z erVbVm CËnÝZ
H$[aV|. aH$ma d¡am½`hoVw, AmH$ma hm kmZhoVw d _H$ma hm ^{ŠVhoVw hmo`. `m_wi| h|
Zm_ d¡am½`, kmZ d ^{ŠV àmßV H$ê$Z XoUma| Amho. Ago h| `m Zm_-_§ÌmVrb
gm_Ï`© AkmZr _Zwî`mbm H$iV Zmht.
nU nmd©Vrn{V e§H$amgma»`m XodmZ| {dfmMr ~mYm Pmë`m_wi|
H§$R>m§V YmaU Ho$b| d Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm em§{V àmßV Pmbr. Ag| AgVm§{h àn§MmMm
Xmg ~Zboë`m d {df`-gn©{dfmZ| ^maboë`m EImÚm jwÐ _mZdmZ| `m
Zm_ê$nr Am¡fYmMr hoQ>miUr qH$dm Cnojm Ho$br Var Ë`mMr H$m` ndm© ?
h[aha-~«÷m{XH$Ÿ& ho O`mMo AmkmYmaH$Ÿ& Vy§ EH$ _mZdr a§H$Ÿ& ^Oo{gZm Var
H$m` Job|Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-7-20) Agm hm EH§$Xa ûcmoH$mMm ^mdmW© Amho.
`oW| EH$ Jmoï> bjm§V R>o{dbr nm{hOo H$s¨ ""~hÿZm_ `m am_Zm_t VwioZm''
Ag| åhUÊ`mV na_oœamÀ`m BVa Zm_m§~Ôb AZmXa XmI{dÊ`mMm g_WmªMm hoVw
Zmhr. gd© XodmV EH$m M¡VÝ`mM|M dmñVì` Amho. nU EH$Xm XodVm R>abr H$s¨ {VMr
CnmgZm EH${Zð>, à^mdr, Aì`{^Mmar ìhmdr `m Ñï>rZ| BVa Xodm§Mm AZmXa Z
H$[aVm§ Bï> XodVobm _hÎd {Xob| OmV|. A_wH$ EH$ nwê$f hm n{V R>abm åhUOo órZo
Á`mà_mU| Ë`mÀ`mer n{Vd«Vm Y_m©Zo dmJU| `mo½` Amho, Vg|M `oW| Amho. n{Vd«Vm
ZoUo Am{UH$m§Mr ñVw{VŸ& gd©^md| nVr Ü`mZt _ZtŸ&& V¡g| _mP| _Z EH${dY Pmb|Ÿ&
ZmdS>o {dÇ>bodrU XwOoŸ&& Ag| VwH$mo~m `mM hoVyZo åhUVmV. EH$m XodVoMr ^{ŠV
H$aU| åhUOo BVa XodVm§Mm Ûof qH$dm _Ëga H$aU| Ag| Zmht. n{Vd«VoZo nVrer
EH${Zð> amhmU| åhUOo ZmË`m§Vrb nwê$fOmVrMm Ûof H$amdm Ag| Zmhr. n§T>arVrb
{dÇ>bmM| Xe©Z KoD$Z ""`oWo H$m Vy§ C^m am_m'' Ag| O| g_WmªZt åhQ>bo Vo EH${Zð>
CnmgZoM|M ÚmoVH$ hmo`.
OoUo Om{ibm H$m_ Vmo am_ Ü`mVmoŸ&
C_ogt AVr AmXa| JyU JmVmoŸ&
~hÿ kmZ d¡am½` gm_Ï`© OoW|Ÿ&
nar A§Var Zm_{dídmg VoW|Ÿ&&83Ÿ&&
na_oœamÀ`m AZoH$ Zm_m§V am_Zm_ h| loð> Agë`m_wio e§H$am§Zr
V| Amnë`m H§$R>mV {dfVmnhaUmW© dmJ{db|. Aem Zm_mM| _hÎd EImÚm
àmn§{MH$mg dmQ>b| Zmht, Va Ë`mMr H$m` qH$_V ? Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$mV
gm§{JVb|. lram_mMr _hVr gm§JÊ`mgmR>r _mJrb 31 Vo 73 n`ªVÀ`m
ûcmoH$mV d `mnwT>rb 84 d 85 `m ûcmoH$mV e§H$amMo CXmhaU AmXe©
åhUyZ g_WmªZr _ZmnwT>| R>odb| Amho d Ë`mM XodmM| {Za{Zamù`m àH$ma|
dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m§Vrb hoVw BVH$mM H$s Xodm_Yrb _hmXod{h Á`m
am_Zm_m§V a§JyZ amhVmo Ë`m Zm_mH$S>o _ZmM| d OZmM| bj doYmd| d V| {dœmgmZ|
KoVbo Omdo. åhUyZ d¡am½`,kmZ d gm_Ï`©g§nÝZ Agm Agm_mÝ` _hmXod{h
Zm_m{Zð> H$gm Amho h| `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
Xod, J§Yd©, F$fr, _wZr, XmZd, _mZd `m gdmªZm N>iUmam
H$m_ê$nr Agm Omo _XZ Ë`mg Ho$di Ñï>rjonmZ| OmiyZ Q>mH$Ê`mM| Á`mM|
gm_Ï`© Agm Omo _XZm[a Vmo{h Zo_mZ| am_Ü`mZ H$[aVmo. ñdV: Ü`mZ H$[aVmo,
BVHo$M Zmht Va Amnbr nËZr Or nmd©Vr {VÀ`mnwT>| AmXanyd©H$ Vmo lram_m§M|
JwUJmZ H$[aVmo. hm _hmXod gm_Ï`©g§nÞ d¡am½`mMm nwVim d kmZr Agm AgyZ{h
Zm_mda {dœmg R>odyZ {ZîH$m_ am_^OZ H$[aVmo. {Z:H$m_ ~wÕr{M`m
^OZmŸ& Ì¡bmoH$s¨ Zmht VwiUmŸ& g_W}drU KS>oZmŸ& {Z:H$m_ ^OZŸ&& (Xm.
10-7-19) Agm hm WmoS>Š`m§V ûcmoH$mW© Amho.
`mda EH$ Aer e§H$m `oB©b H$s¨ Vrd« d¡am½`,gm_Ï`©, AZw^dkmZ
BË`m{X àmßV Pmë`mZ§Va e§H$amgma»`m _hmXodmbm am_Zm_ Ü`mZm{XH$m§Mr
Oê$a H$m` ? _wŠVmdñWoMr OmUrd `oD$Z Vt AZw^dm§V Amë`mZ§Va ^OZ
H$arV amhU| `m§V nwê$fmW© Vmo H$moUVm ?
`mMo CÎma g_n©H$ Ag| CÕdmZ| ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUmbm {Xb| Amho.
Vmo åhUVmo. ^ŠVrÀ`m nmoQ>t OÝ_br _w{ŠVŸ& dmT>br _wŠVr ^ŠVrV| KmVrŸ&&
Eogr Oo H$m _w{ŠV _mV¥h§VrŸ& {Vgr _r gd©Wu ZmVioŸ& OmoS>ë`mhr _wŠVnUŸ&
_O Úmd| VwPo Jwê$^OZŸ& VoU| _wŠVrhr hmò nmdZŸ&& åhUmo{Z bmoQ>m§JU KmVb|Ÿ&&
(Zm. ^m. 29-737, 739)
186 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 187

{ZîH$m_ ^OZmZ| {MÎmew{Õ hmoVo. Ë`mZ§Va ^JdËH¥$noZo d¡am½` d
Jwê$Ûmam kmZ àmßV hmoD$Z _wŠVmdñWm AZw^dmbm `oVo. `mà_mUo _wŠVmdñWm
àmßV Pmë`mZ§Va Á`m_wi| hr loð> AdñWm àmßV Pmbr Ë`m ^OZ^ŠVrMm
Ë`mJ Ho$ë`mg _w{ŠV hr _mV¥h§Vr R>aV Zmhr H$m ? d ^OH${h H¥$V¿Z R>aV
Zmhr H$m ? åhUyZ doXm§V Jwê$ d B©œa `m§Mr Ord Agon`©V AI§S> godm Agmdr.
AmOrdVmo Ì`: goì`m: doXmÝVmo Jwê$arœa: AmXm¡kmZmßV`o
nümËH¥$V¿ZËd{Zd¥Îm`oŸ&& ^ŠVrMm _mZ R>odyZ AZw^{dbr OmUmar _wŠVr hrM
Iar nmdZ_w{ŠV hmo`. {VÀ`mdê$Z {Ì^wdZ{h AmodmiyZ Q>mH$md| Aer Vr loð>
Amho. åhUmo{Z {Z:H$m_ ^OZŸ& d[a {deof ~«÷kmZŸ& V`mg Vw{iVm§ {Ì^wdZŸ&
CU| dmQ>o (Xm. 10-7-25)
åhUyZ kmZmoÎma ^OZ hm na_ nwê$fmW© qH$dm n§M_ nwê$fmW© åhQ>bm
OmVmo. Amnë`m ^ŠVmZ| hm n§M_ nwê$fmW© gmYmdm åhUyZ kmZmoÎma{h ^OZ
H$amd| Agm ^Jd§VmMm CnXoe Amho, Vo CÕdmbm åhUVmV. Ordw na_mË_m
XmoZr EH$Ÿ& Eog| OmUU| V| "kmZ' XoIŸ& EoŠ`| ^moJUo na_mË_gwIŸ& "{dkmZ'
gå`H² Ë`m Zm§dŸ&& Eogm kmZ{dkmZg§nÝZŸ& hmoD$Zr H$amd| _mP| ^OZŸ&&
(Zm. ^m. 19-65,66) kmZnyd© ^OZm§Vrb JmoS>rnojm kmZmoÎma ^OZmVrb
JmoS>r H$m§hr Am¡a Amho. åhUyZM lre§H$a Ë`m am_Zm_m§V Yw§X hmoD$Z
amhVmV. hm na_ nwê$fmW© gdmªV CËH$Q>VoZo H$moUr gmYbm Agob Va Vmo
e§H$am§Zr. e§H$a ho ^{ŠV_mJm©Vrb OJX²Jwê$ AmhoV. åhUyZ Ë`m§Mm C„oI
g_WmªZr {Za{Zamù`m íbmoH$m§V Ho$bm Amho. g_W©M H$m` nU àË`j ^JdmZ²
AOw©Zmbm gm§JVmV - Var lÕmdñVy{g AmXê$Ÿ& H$[aVm Om{UOo àH$mê$Ÿ& Oar
hmò lrJwê$Ÿ& gXm{edw Ÿ&& (km. 12-216) ^{ŠV VÎdmMm AmXa H$gm H$amdm
ho lre§H$a Jwê$ Ho$ë`mZoM H$iob.
g_WmªZr Ho$di lr e§H$amM|M dU©Z `m ûcmoH$mV Ho$b| Amho.
Ë`m§Vrb ^md Agm {XgVmo H$s¨ Á`m e§H$amÀ`m [§R>H$mUr d¡am½`, kmZ d gm_Ï`©
hr AmhoV Vmo XoIrb Zm_ñ_aUmda {dœmg R>odyZ am_mM| Ü`mZ H$[aVmo. _J Oo
XrZ, Xw~io bmMma, hVme Ago AmhoV Ë`m§Zr Zm_mda {dœmg R>odyZ V| AmñWoZ|
¿`md`mg ZH$mo H$m ?
{dR>mooZ| [eat dm[hbm XodamUmŸ&
V`m A§Var Ü`mg ao Ë`m{g ZoUmŸ&&
{Zdmbm ñd`| Vmngr M§Ð_m¡irŸ&
{Odm§ gmoS>dr am_ hm A§VH$mir Ÿ&&84Ÿ&&
kmZd¡am½` d _XZmbm{h OmiUmam Agm gm_Ï`©dmZ² lre§H$ahr
C_ogh am_Zm_ {dœmgmZ| OnVmo, Ag| kmZmoÎma ^OZmM| _hÎd _mJrb
íbmoH$mV gm§{JVb|. AmVm kmZmoÎma ^OZm_wi| {edmbm {H$Vr loð>Ëd àmßV
Pmbo `mMo dU©Z `m ûcmoH$mV H$[aVmV.
lr {dÇ>bmZr `m _hmXodmbm Amnë`m S>moH$sda {_admdo Ag| loð>Ëd
Ë`mbm àmßV Pmb| Amh|. n§T>arVrb nm§Sw>a§JmÀ`m {eamda Agboë`m _hmXodmÀ`m
qnS>rbm AZwbjyZ h| dU©Z Amho. {dÇ>b åhUOo {dîUw ho e§H$amZm _ñVH$s¨
YmaU H$ê$Z {_a{dVmV Vo kmZmoÎma^{ŠVào_m_wio.
`m ào_mMr OmVM doJir Amho. Xod hmoD$Z Xodmbm ^OÊ`mMm hm
àH$ma Amho. g¥{ï>H$m`m©gmR>r ~mø ÑîQ>rZo AdVmaXoh doJim {Xgbm Var
A§Va§JmV Xodm^ŠVmM| nañnaào_m_wio EoŠ`M AgV|. ~mbH$mMm d _mVoMm Ago
XmoZ Xoh Oar ~møV: {Xgbo Var A§Va§JmV ào_m_wio Ë`m§M| EoŠ`M AgV|. ~mbH$mZ|
_mVoÀ`m nm`m§V ào_mZo {_R>r _mamdr Am{U _mVoZo Ë`mbm S>moH$sda KoD$Z ZmMmdo.
VgoM e§H$amZr {dîUyÀ`m nm`m§Vrb J§Jm S>moH$sda YmaU H$amdr Am{U {dîUyZ|
e§H$ambm _ñVH$s {_admd|, Aer hr kmZmoÎma ào_mMr OmV Amho. ^JdmZ² CÕdmbm
åhUVmV. {ZO^ŠV _O^rVatŸ& _r V`m Am§V~mhoarŸ& Eogo gm_añ`| Zm§Xmo ^marŸ&
doJio ~mhoat Zm__mÌŸ& _m{P`m gm`wÁ`m Oo AmboŸ& Vo _r{M hmoD${Z`m R>oboŸ&
nar _r hmoD${Z _O ^Ob|Ÿ& Vo "^ŠV' _m{Zb| å`m§ EogoŸ&& åhUyZ - gm`wÁ`mnarg
^{ŠV JmoS> (Zm. ^m. 19-297 Vo 299) ^JdmZ² JrV|V AOw©Zmbm h|M gm§JVmV.
AOw©Zm, gd© ñWmda O§J_mË_H$ OJ ho AmnUM Amhmo Agm Á`mbm AZw^d Amho
Agm ^ŠV `m AÝd`~moYmZ§Va{h Oa _mP| ^OZ H$arb Va Ë`mbm _r _ñVH$s
_wHw$Q>mà_mUo {_a{dVmo. ho {dœ{M _mP| KaŸ& Eogr _Vr O`mMr pñWaŸ& qH$~hþZm
MamMaŸ&& AmnU OmhbmŸ&& _J `mhrdar nmWm©Ÿ& _m{P`m ^OZt AmñWmŸ&
Var V`mV| _r _mWm§Ÿ& _wHw$Q> H$arŸ&& (km. 12-213-214)
AmË_mZw^dmÀ`m Z§VaÀ`m ^OZm§V Omo AmZ§X,Or JmoS>r, O| loð>Ëd
Amho Ë`mM| dU©Z {OVH|$ H$amdo {VVH|$ WmoS>oM, h| ^{ŠVào_ CËH$Q>VoZo
Amnë`m {R>H$mUr Zm§Xmdo, AmnU XodmM| bmS>H|$ boH$ê$ hmoD$Z XodmZ|
Amnë`mg ào_mZo S>moH$sda ¿`mdo Ag| VwH$mo~mgma»`m ^ŠV{eamo_Urbm{h
188 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 189

dmQ>V|. Ë`m§Mm EH$ JmoS> A^§J `oW| gm§Jmdmgm dmQ>Vmo. Vo {dÇ>bmbm åhUVmV-
_mPo nm` VwPr S>moB©Ÿ& Eog| H$ar Jm ^mH$ XoB©Ÿ&&1Ÿ&& nmhVm {Xgo C\$amQ>|Ÿ& KS>o
V¢ ^m½` _moR>|Ÿ&&2Ÿ&& ~hþ gmYZ _mobmM|Ÿ& `mgr OmoS>m XwO| H¡$M|Ÿ&&3Ÿ&& ZH$m
AmZ_mZ {dÇ>bmŸ& VwH$m åhUo YS>m OmbmŸ&& (Jm. 945)
{dÇ>bm, _mPo nm` Am{U Vw_Mo§ S>moH|$ Ag| H$am åhUOo _bm Vw_À`m
S>moŠ`mda ~gdyZ KoB©Z Ag| dMZ Úm. Xodm, _mP| h| ~mobU| {Xgm`bm Ca\$mQ>o
{XgV| h| Ia| Amho. H$maU Vwåhr OJmMo ñdm_r Am{U _r EH$ `:H${üV² Ord.
H$Vw©_H$Vw©_Ý`WmH$Vw©_² Ag| Vw_M| gm_Ï`©, Va _r XrZ, Xw~im, Aëneº$sMm
Vwåhr gd©k Va _r Aënk. Ag| AgVm _r Vw_À`m S>moŠ`mda ~gÊ`mMr ^mfm
~mobU| hm Ca\$mQ>m H$ma^ma hmoVmo ho Ia| Amho. na Ag| KSy>Z Amb| Va _mÌ _r
^m½`mMm Iam. Vwåhr _Zm§V AmUb| Va AeŠ` Jmoï>{h eŠ` hmoVo. A§Y nm[aIr
_m[UHo$Ÿ& ~mob{der ñnï> _wHo$Ÿ&& Aer Vw_Mr gÎmm Amho. _J _bm S>moŠ`mda
~gÊ`mM| ^m½` H$m§ bm^y§ Z`o ? Xodm, Vw_À`mOdi Ogo gm_Ï`© Amho Vg|M
Am_À`mOdi{h EH$ _mobmM| (Zm_) gmYZ Amho. Ë`m gmYZmbm OJm§V OmoS>
Zmhr d Ë`mZo Ca\$mQ>r {XgUmar Jmoï> hr gwa\$mQ>r hmoVo. V| gmYZ H$aÊ`mMm _mPm
R>m_ {Zü` Pmbm Amho. Var Amnë`mH$Sy>Z AmV H$ga qH$dm g§H$moM hmoD$ Z`o.
_bm S>moŠ`mda ¿`md|, Agm `m A^§JmMm JmoS> ^md Amho. åhUyZ g_W© åhUVmV
H$s¨ {dîUyZ| {edmbm _ñVH$s YmaU H$amd|, Ë`m {edmZ| lram_mM| qMVZ
H$amd| Am[U Aem am_mH$S>o Amnb| Xwb©j ìhmdo, Ë`mbm AmnU AmoiIy Z`o
`mbm H$m` åhUmdo ?
e§H$a ho CJ«Vn H$aUmao Vnñdr Ago AgyZ{h Ë`m§Zm Pmboë`m
{dfVmnmMr em§{V am_Zm_mZ| Pmbr. Agm hm am_ Vmn{ZdmaH$ Agë`m_wi|
OrdmMr _aUmnmgyZ _wº$Vm VmoM H$arb. Zìho gmoS>dU am_Zm_odrUŸ& am_Xmg
IyU gm§JVgoŸ&&
ûcmoH$m§Vrb nydm©YmªV g_WmªZm AmUIr EH$ ^md Üd{ZV H$amd`mMm
Amho H$s¨ H$m` `mMr e§H$m `oVo. Vmo Agm - {dîUw {edmbm _mZVmV d
{ed am_mbm _mZ XoVmV. {edmMr {df~mYm am_ Xya H$[aVmV, Va {dîUw
{edmbm _ñVH$s¨ YmaU H$[aVmV. Ago ho VrZ Xod nañna ào_mZ|, gm_añ`mZ|
Zm§XVmV. Ag| AgVm _yi AmË_mam_mbm Z AmoiIVm hm d¡îUd, hm e¡d,
hm am_Xmgr Ago gm§àXm{`H$ ñdê$n bjm§V KoD$Z Ë`m Xodm§À`m ^º$m§Zr
EH$_oH$mer ÛofmZ|, \w$Q>ranUmZ| dmJmdo `mbm H$m` åhUmd| ? Aem àH$maMm AW©
ZmWm§Zr Amnë`m ^mJdVm§V ñnï> Ho$bm Amho. {ed YdbYm_ Jmojrê$Ÿ& {dîUw
KZí`m_ A{Vgw§Xê$Ÿ& ~mn Ü`mZmMm ~{S>dmê$Ÿ& `oa| `oê$ ì`m{nbmŸ&& _wXbm
Xmohtgr EoŠ` ewÕŸ & _m CnmgH$m§gr H$m§ {dê$ÕŸ&& (Zm. ^m.
11-1260-1261) g§KQ>H$ g_WmªMm hm ^md Agob{h.
^Om am_ {dlm_ `moJoídam§MmŸ&
Ony Zo{_bm Zo_ Jm¡arhamMmŸ&
ñd`| Zrddr Vmngr M§Ð_m¡irŸ&
Vwåhm§ gmoS>dr am_ hm A§VH$mitŸ&&85Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$m§V lre§H$am§Zm am_Zm_m_wi| loð>Ëd àmá hmoD$Z
em§{VgwImMm bm^ H$gm Pmbm h| gm§{JVb|, d OrdmMr A§VH$mir gwQ>H$m
am_Zm_mZoM hmoB©b Ag| gm§{JVbo. `m ûcmoH$m§V On`kmM| _hÎd gm§JyZ am_^OZmZ|
Amnbm CÕma H$ê$Z ¿`m Ag| gm§JVmV.
gd© `moJr _wZr `m§Zm am_ hoM EH$ {dlm§VrM| åhUOo gwImg_mYmZmM|
ñWmZ dmQ>V|. VgmM gd© `mo½`m§Mo _wHw$Q>_Ur Jm¡arha lre§H$a
`m§Zm{h AZw^d Amë`m_wi| Vo am_ê$nm§V a§JyZ am{hbo AmhoV. g_wÐ_§WZmVyZ
{Z_m©U Pmbob| d OJmbm{h OmiUma| Ag| {df àmeZ Ho$ë`m_wi| _ñVH$s
J§Jm, ^mbr M§Ð, CaàXoer gn© BË`m{X Cnm`mZr{h Ë`m§Mr em§{V hmoB©Zm.
nU am_OnmZo Ho$di Xohem§{VM Zìho Va AmË_em§{V{h Ë`m§Zm àmá Pmbr.
Om{ib| nmo{ib| drf|Ÿ& H$H©$e| H$m{i_m MT>oŸ& Cnm` ~hþYm Ho$boŸ& am_Zm_|{M
gy{Q>H$mŸ&& (_m. n§. 1-4)
On`k hr {Xì` _mÌm Amho. {hZ| Xoh AgVm{h Amam_ d Xohm§Vr{h
Amam_ àmá hmoVmo. åhUyZM JrV|V ^Jd§VmZr - `kmZm_² On`kmo@pñ_Ÿ&&
(^. Jr. 10-25) Ag| åhQ>b| Amho. H$m` ~mobmoZr ~hþVŸ& On`kmg_ `k
Zmht {Z{üVŸ&& BVa `k _rM `moJ¡œ`© eara ^Jd§VŸ& nar VmaH$ {d^y{V -
ê$n On`k _rŸ&& (`. Xr. 10-719) Aem `m VmaH$ loð> OnmMm Ü`mg
KoVë`mg bmoH$hmo, Vwåhmbm{h OÝ__aUmMo \o$è`mVyZ hm am_ gmoS>drb Ag|
g_W© gm§JVmV. CbQ>o Zm_ KoD$Z{h `m \o$è`mVyZ AZoH$m§Mr gwQ>H$m Pmbr
Amho.
190 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 191

gì` Angì` `m Zm_|Ÿ& Vabo gwQ>bo ~hÿŸ& A§VH$mit gd© H$mitŸ&
gw{Q>H$m gH$i¡ OZŸ&& (^m. n. 1-5)
_wIt am_ {dlm_ VoW|{M AmhoŸ&
gXmZ§X AmZ§X goD${Z amhoŸ&
V`mdrU Vmo grU g§XohH$marŸ&
{ZOmYm_ h| Zm_ emoH$mnhmarŸ&&86Ÿ&&
lram_ ho `moJoœam§Mo Vg|M e§H$amM|hr {dlm§{VñWmZ Amho. Ag|
_mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbo, nU Ho$di `moJoœamZmM Zìho Va Oo H$moUr _wImZ|
am_Zm_ KoVrb Ë`mZm{h {dlm_ åhUOo em§{V - gwI bm^ob Ago `m ûcmoH$m§V
gm§JVmV.
_wImZ| am_Zm_ Mmby Agb| H$s¨ am_mM| ñ_aU hmoVo. am_ñ_aU Pmb|
H$s¨ öX`m§V am_ê$n àJQ> hmoV|. V| ê$n ñdV: g{ƒXmZ§X ê$n Agë`m_wi| B§{Ð`m§V
Ë`mMr à^m \$mH$Vo, d Ë`m_wi| ^OZmZ§X CËnÞ hmoVmo. am_ AmZ§Xñdê$n
åhUyZ Ë`m§M| Zm_{h AmZ§XH$mar. H$maU ^Jd§VmÀ`m ~m~VrV Zm_ V|M ê$n
hmo`. Zm_mZ| {MÎm ewÕ hmoD$Z am_H¥$noZ| kmZ àmá Pmbo H$r ñdV:Mm gd©
gwImMm R>odm am_M AgyZ V|M Amnb| ñdê$n Amho `mMr OmUrd `oVo. åhUyZ
g_W© åhUVmV H$s¨ ~m _Zm qH$dm Ordm, AI§S> Zm_ñ_aU H$arV {ZË`mZ§XmV
amhm.
nU Zm_mì`{V[aº$ BVa gd© H$ënZm, dmgZm, VH©${dVH©$ ho g§e`
CËnÞ H$aUmao j{UH$ Ago Agë`m_wi| _Zmbm Vmn XoVmV. Ë`m_wio erU
`oV d em§{V qH$dm g_mYmZ àmá hmoV Zmhr. gm§Sy>Z am_ AmZ§XKZŸ& Á`mMo _Zt
{df`qMVZŸ& Ë`mgr H¢$Mo g_mYmZŸ& bmob§JVmgrŸ&& (Xm. 3-10-62)
{df`mZ§X àmá hmoÊ`mgmR>r Ho$bob| H$moUVo{h qMVZ h| àW_V: gwIH$maH$
dmQ>b| Var A§Vr erUM CËnÞ H$[aV|.
Agm hm ûcmoH$mW© Amho. nU gwImM| ñWmZ AÝ` H$moR>oM ZgyZ V|
am_ê$nrM Amho d V|M Amnb|{h ê$n Amho h| H$emdê$Z ? Aer e§H$m `oU|
ñdm^m{dH$ Amho. dmñV{dH$ am_ h|M Amnb| {dlm§{VñWmZ Amho, `mMm amoOMm
AZw^d Amho. nU AkmZm_wi| Vmo g_OyZ `oV Zmhr BVHo$M. `m e§Ho$Mo
g_mYmZ ~wÕrbm nQ>ob Ag| gwfwárÀ`m Ñï>m§VmZo hmoV|. åhUyZ Ë`m
AdñWog§~§Yr WmoS>m {dMma H$ê$.
_Zwî` hm Pmonon`ªV d¡f{`H$ qH$dm àmn§{MH$ {dMmaMH«$mVM
dmdaVmo. nU Ë`m_wi| _r gwIm§V, AmZ§XmV Amho Ag| H$moUr åhUV Zmht.
CbQ> gX¡d Ag_mYmZmM| aS>JmU|M Mmby AgV|. eodQ>r Vmo WH$Vmo Am{U
eara, ~mø B§{Ð`| _Z~wÕ`m{X Am§VaB§{Ð`|, Ah§H$ma `m§Mm g§~§Y gwQy>Z Vmo
PmonVmo. VoW| gd© g§H$ën{dH$ënm§Mm A^md AgVmo d gd© àH$maÀ`m kmZmMm
Cng§hma ~wÕtV hmoD$Z Vr ~w{Õ JmT> AkmZm§V brZ Pmbobr AgVo. `oW| {df`
Zmht, Ë`mZm J«hU H$aUmar B§{Ð`o ZmhrV Aem AdñWoVrb ""_r gwImZo Pmonbmo
hmoVmo'' hm gwImMm AZw^d OmJm Pmë`mda Vmo H$gm gm§JVmo ? åhUOo {df` d
B§{Ð`| `mnbrH$S>o gwImM| H$m§hrVar ñWmZ Amho h| {gÕ hmoV Zmhr H$m ? VoW| H$mhrM
Zmhr åhUmdo Va gwI H$em_wio Pmb| ? VoW| AmË_mhr Zmhr åhUmdmŸ& Var AmZ§X
H¡$gm JUmdmŸ& ~wÕrZ| VoWrb AmZ§X OmUmdmŸ& OmJ¥VrV Ë`mM AmË_`mH$[aVm§Ÿ&&
(`. Xr. 3-849) åhUyZ {df`B§{Ð`{da{hV gwI AgV| h| AZw^dmbm AmUyZ
XoUmar hr gwfw{á AdñWm Amho. AmË_m gwfw{áJå`Ÿ& Jwê$H¥$nodrU AJå`Ÿ&& (`.
Xr. 581) gwfwárMm {dMma gX²Jwê$H$Sy>Z g_OyZ KoD$Z Ë`mMm Cn`moJ OmJ¥VmdñW|V
gmYZmZo AmË_mZw^d KoÊ`mgmR>t Amho. åhUyZ íbmoH$mÀ`m ñnï>rH$aUmW© Ë`m
AdñWo_Ü`o H$m` KS>V| `mMm ñWyb {dMma nmhÿ.
OmJm Pmbobm _Zwî` PmonoVrb XmoZ AZw^d gm§JVmo. ""_r gwIm§V
{ZObmo hmoVmo d _bm H$mht g_Ob| Zmhr'' `mà_mUo {ZÐoVrb gwI d
AkmZ `m§Mo ñ_aU Vmo dmUrZ| gm§JVmo. ñ_aU h| AZw^dboë`m nXmWm©M|M
hmoV|. Z AZw^dboë`m nXmWm©§Mo hmoV Zmhr Agm {Z`_ Amho. `m_wi|
AkmZ d AmZ§X `m Xmohm|Mm AZw^d gwfwátV hmoVm. da gm§{JVë`mà_mU|
WH$bobm d {dlm§VrgmR>r AmYmer Pmbobm Ord ñWyb gyú_ àn§MmMm
Ë`mJ H$ê$Z öX`mH$mem§V ~«÷mZ§XmV brZ hmoVmo åhUyZ Vmo gwI AZw^{dVmo.
Xw:ImMm A^md d AmË_M¡VÝ`mer VmXmËå` `m_wi| Vmo AmZ§XmV {Z_¾
AgVmo. _Z h| ñWyb gyú_ àn§MmM| (OmJ¥Vr d ñdßZ) g§ñH$ma KoD$Z JmT>
AkmZm§V JS>n Pmbob| AgV|. Ë`m_wio g§gm[aËdmMr AWdm Or{dËdmMr àVrVr
`oV Zmhr. VoW| AmË_gÎmmM Ho$di Zm§XVo. Ed§ Agmo eHo$ Oo BVamdrUŸ&
Ë`m§V gÎmm Amho åhUVr àdrUŸ&& (`. {X. 3-807) nU JmT> AkmZmMo
AmdaUm_wi| VoWrb gwImM| ñWmZ H$iV Zmhr. VmËn`© ho H$s¨, gwfwárV
192 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 193

~«÷gwImZw^dmM| gmYZ AkmZ d¥ÎmrV à{V{~§{~~ Pmbob| AmË_M¡VÝ`
Amho. hm gwImZw^d gmoSy>Z H$_m©_wi| Ord OmJ¥VrV `oVmo d darb XmoZ
AZw^d gm§JVmo H$s gwI V| AmË_m AmnUŸ& Am{U VoW| H$m§hr Z H$iU|Ÿ& h|
Amnbo OS>nUŸ& àJQ> H$ar ~wÕrMŸ&& (`. Xr. 3-841)
`m PmonoÀ`m Ñï>mÝVmdê$Z ~moY KoÊ`mMm Vmo Agm H$s¨ OmJ¥VmdñW|V ~wÕrMo
gm_«mÁ` A{YH$ åhUyZ d¥Îmr A{Vñnï> AgVmV; åhUyZ VoW| gwImZw^d ZgVmo.
gwfwárV AkmZmM| gm_«mÁ` A{YH$ åhUyZ d¥Îmr{h A{V Añnï AgVmV. Ë`m_wio
^moJmMo ^mZ hmoV Zmhr. nU AmË_gwImZw^d BVH$m JmoS> AgVmo H$s¨ H$moUr OmJo
H$ê$ Joë`mg Ë`mda _Zwî` {MS>Vmo. _J OmJ¥VmdñW|V d¥{Îm ZmhrVM Aer d¥{Îma{hV
AdñWm Amë`mg Ho$dT>m AmZ§X hmoB©b ? Aer AdñWm àmá ìhmdr `mgmR>r Va
Zm_g§H$sV©Z hm Cnm` Amho, _mÌ V| H$arV AgVm - A§VarMo {df` OmS>Ÿ& `oD$
nwT>| Z Úmd|Ÿ&& `mà_mU| gXmZ§X godrV Om, am_M AmZ§Xê$n Amho Ag| g_W©
åhUVmV.
`mda EH$ Aer e§H$m `oB©b H$s¨, gwfwárV Oa AmË_g§nÞVm Am`Vr hmoVo
Va ^OZmM| H$ï> H$emgmR>r ¿`md`mMo ? `mM| CÎma Ag| H$s, gwfwátV AmË_g§nÞVm
`oV Agbr Var AkmZmÀ`m àm~ë`m_wi| nyd©g§ñH$ma d dmgZm§Mo JmR>moS>o Zï> hmoV
Zmhr. CamdaMo V| ~mOybm Agë`mMm ^mg hmoVmo åhUyZM {ZÐmZ§X àmá hmoVmo.
nyd©g§ñH$mam_wio OmJ¥{V Ambr H$s¨ V| Camda AgVoM. nU EH${dY d¥ÎmrZ| Pmboë`m
^OZmV AmZ§X {_iyZ kmZmMm CX` hmoV OmVmo d nyd©g§ñH$mamM| JmR>moS>| hiyhiy
H$_r hmoV OmV|. {Zdm©gZmË_H$ pñW{V Ambr H$s¨ OÝ__aUmMm \o$am MwH$Vmo.
^OZm§V AmZ§X, qbJXohZme d _w{º$ Agm {Vhoar bm^ Amho. Zmam`Ur
dgbo KaŸ& {Za§Va AmZ§XwŸ&& åhUyZ Agm gXmZ§X AmZ§X gody{Z amho.
_wIt am_ Ë`m H$m_ ~mYy§ eHo$ZmŸ&
JwU| Bï> Ym[aï> Ë`m§Mo MwHo$ZmŸ&
h[a^º$ Vmo eº$ H$m_mg _marŸ&
OJt YÝ` Vmo _mê$Vr ~«÷MmarŸ&&87Ÿ&&
Zm_mì`{V[aº$ AÝ` H$moUV|{h qMVZ emoH$mg H$maU hmoV|. nU
lram_Zm_mZ| g_mYmZ àmá hmoD$Z {ZË`mZ§X AZw^{dVm `oVmo, Ag| _mJrb
ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVb|. `m ûcmoH$m§V OJmbm N>iUmè`m H$m_mbm{h _mê$Z
am_Zm_mZ| H$gm {dO` àmá H$ê$Z KoVm `oVmo h| hZw_§VmMo CXmhaU XoD$Z
gm§JVmV. `m EH$mM ûcmoH$m§V _mê$VrM| gw§Xa JwUdU©©Z H$ê$Z Zm_mM|
loð>Ëd{h d{U©bo Amho.
Omo AI§S> am_Zm_ ñ_aU H$[aVmo Ë`mbm H$m_mMr ~mYm hmoD$ eH$V
Zmhr. "Omo H$mUr ñ_ao _mP| Zm_yŸ& {VH$S>o nmhÿ§ Z eHo$ H$m_yŸ&& (Zm. ^m.
12-155) Ag| ^JdmZ² åhUVmV. Zm_mZo am_ê$nm§V Omo AI§S> a§JyZ amhVmo
Ë`mbm ñÌr AWdm AÝ` {df` H$m_mMr H$Yr{h nrS>m hmoV Zmhr. BVH|$M H$m`
nU {H$Vr{h g§H$Q>| Ambt Var `m Zm_{Zð>o_wio Vmo àg§Jmo{MV Y¡`© XmIdyZ
g§H$Q>mbm Vm|S> XoVmo, S>J_JV Zmht. H$maU Zm_m_wi| {MÎm ewÕ hmoD$Z C{MV
Ym[aï> àmá hmoVo..... Á`mM| Ym[aï> MioZmŸ& Vmo gÎd JwU (Xm. 2-7-59)
B©œa^{ŠV H$aUmam BVH$m g_Ï`©dmZ hmoVmo H$s¨ OJmÀ`m _mohmV
AS>H${dUmam Agm Omo ~{bð> H$m_ Ë`mMm boe{h Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr CaV Zmht. Omo
H$m_mg qOH$Vmo VmoM {OV|{Ð`. hm Omo Zm__{h_m gm§{JVbm Ë`mM| àË`j CXmhaU
Oa H$moUV| Agob Va V| YÝ` Aem ~«÷Mmar hZw_§VmM| hmo`. hm ûcmoH$mW© Pmbm.
g_WmªZm _mê$Vr{df`r AË`§V ào_ hmoV|. ~«÷Mmar, àVmnr,
~wÕrdmZ², kmZr Am{U AmXe© am_^º$ åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr _mê$VrMr {R>H${R>H$mUt
ñWmnZm Ho$br. nwîH$im§Zm Vo _mê$Vr CnmgZm{h gm§JV, gm_mÝ` CnmgH$mMo
_mê$VrÀ`m emar[aH$ eº$sH$S>o, AMmQ> gm_Ï`m©H$S>o bj OmV|. nU ""{OV|{Ð`§
~w{Õ_Vm§ d[að>_²'' `m Ë`mÀ`m JwUmH$S>o Xwb©j hmoVo. åhUyZ ""hUå`m'' åhUOo
eº$sZo Xm§S>Jm nU S>moŠ`mZo _§X, Agm eãXà`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. `mgmR>t `m
ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbobo am_Zm_mZ| CËnÞ JwU _mê$VrÀ`m {R>H$mUr H$go {XgyZ
`oVmV h| nmhÿ.
(1) bú_U Ooìhm§ Km`mi Pmbm Voìhm§ ÐmoUm{Jar nd©Vmdarb
nm{hOo Agbobr dZñn{V gmnS>oZm. àg§J Va VmVS>rMm d A{V H$R>rU. Aem
g_`t doi J_dÊ`mnojm§ Vmo nd©VM Bï> ñWit ZoÊ`mMo O| ~wÕrH$m¡eë`
Ë`mZ| XmI{db| V| Bï> Ym[aï> Zìho H$m ? (2) _mê$VrM| ~«÷M`© OoW| {ñÌ`m§Mm
g§~§YM Zmhr Aem EH$mÝVm§V amhÿZ, _Zmda XS>nU R>odyZ, AmoTy>Z VmUyZ
amIbob| Ag| ~«÷M`© Zmht. V| Am§JdiUt nS>bob|, ñdm^m{dH$, ghO Ag|
~«÷M`© Amho. grVoMm emoY, VmaoM| gm§ËdZ, gwJ«rdm§Mo _§ÌrnX, amdUmÀ`m
A§V:nwam§Vrb dmñVì` BË`m{X AZoH$ àg§Jr Ë`mMm gw§Xa pñÌ`m§er ghdmg
Ambm AgVm{h d«V^§J Pmbm Zmhr. H$maU ñÌrH$S>o Ñ{ï> Jobr H$s¨ _mV¥^md
194 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 195

qH$dm am_^md OmJ¥V ìhmdm Agm Ë`mMm ghO ñd^md Amho. (3) Og|
ghO ~«÷M`© Ver Ë`mMr ^º$s{h ghO - ^º$s Amho. gVV H$m`©{Z_¾
am{hë`m_wi| dada nm{hë`mg Ë`mÀ`m OrdZm§V Xmñ` ^º$s{edm` AÝ` ^º$sMm
àH$ma {XgV Zmhr. Aml_ Zmht, EH$mÝV Zmhr, pñWa ~¡R>H$ Zmhr, S>moioPmH$
Zmhr; CbQ> gd© Am`wî` YH$mYH$sM|M. Ho$ìhm§ {Zamon KoD$Z Omd| Va Ho$ìhm§
{eï>mB© H$amdr. Ho$ìhm§ b§H$mXhZ H$amd| Va Ho$ìhm§ ^w`mamV {eamd|. Ag| AgyZ{h
g_W© Ë`mbm h[a^º$ åhUVmV, Va ^º${eamo_{U VwH$mo~m Ë`mbm eaU
OmD$Z ^º$sMr dmQ> nwgVmV. VwH$mo~m åhUVmV, ""eaU eaUOr
hZw_§VmŸ& Vwåhm§ Ambm| am_XyVmŸ&& H$m` ^º$sÀ`m Ë`m dmQ>mŸ& _O Xmdmì`m
gw^Q>mŸ&&'' (Jm. 1309) Agm hm ^º$sMm àH$ma Var H$moUVm ?
_mê$VrÀ`m H$m`©{Z_¾ H$_©_` OrdZm§Vrb hr ghO^{º$ Amho.
Á`mMm Ah§H$ma na_mË_ñdê$nr g_ag hmoD$Z Jobm Amho Ë`mbmM Vr R>mD$H$.
^JdmZ² åhUVmV. {H«$`mOmV _r OmbonU|Ÿ& KS>o H$m§hr{M Z H$aU|Ÿ& V`m{M
Zm§d nyOU|Ÿ& IwUoM| _mP|Ÿ&& (km. 18-1178) _Ðÿn Pmë`m_wi| O|
H$m§hrM Z H$aU| hmoV| Ë`mM|M Zmd _mP| _m{_©H$ nyOZ. Ooìhm A{^_mZa{hV
Ag| H$_© KS>V|; Voìhm V| H$Ë`m©Z| Z Ho$ë`mgmaI|M Amho. åhUm¡{Z H$arV`mhr
dmoOmŸ& V| Z H$aU| h|{M H${nÜdOmŸ& {Z\$Oo {V`m _hmnyOmŸ& nyOr Vmo
_mV|Ÿ& (km. 18-1179) H$_© H$arV AgVm{h OoW| Ah§H$mabmonm_wi| Z H$aU|
CËnÞ hmoV| Ë`m _hmnyOoZ| Vmo _mPr nyOm H$[aVmo. Aer hr Zm_m_Ü`o a§JyZ,
ñdV:bm {dgê$Z, AmË_ñdê$nr pñWa amhÿZ OrdZì`mnma H$arV AgVm{h
hmoUmar ^º$s Amho. _J Vmo ~mobob V|M XodmM| ñVdZ, Vmo nmhrb VoW| XodXe©Z,
qhS>ob Vr `mÌm, Ag| hmoV|. am_ åhUo ^moJr Ë`mJrŸ& H$_© Z qbno Ë`m A§JrŸ&&
Eogm am_ Ono {ZË`Ÿ& VwH$m åhUo Vmo OrdÝ_wº$Ÿ&& (Jm. 1296) Aem `m
ghO~«÷M`m©_wio d ghO am_^º$s_wi| - OJt YÝ` Vmo _mê$Vr ~«÷Mmar.
~hÿ Mm§Jbo Zm_ `m amKdmM|Ÿ&
AVr gm{Oa| ñdën gmon| \w$H$mM|Ÿ&
H$ar _yi {Z_y©i KoVm§ ^dmM|Ÿ&
{Odm§ _mZdm§ h|{M H¡$dë` gmM|Ÿ&&88Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$m§V hZw_§VmM| CXmhaU XoD$Z am_Zm_mM| loð>Ëd
gm§{JVb|. Vg|M `m d nwT>rb H$m§hr ûcmoH$m§V {Za{Zamù`m àH$ma| Zm__mhmËå`
gm§JVmV. `m ûcmoH$m§V _w»`Ëd| am_Zm_mZ| ^d{Z_y©bZ H$g| hmoV| h| gm§JVmV.
am_ ht XmoZM Aja| nU Vt {H$Vr JmoS> d Mm§Jbt AmhoV. Cƒma
H$aÊ`mg gmont d àUd ZmXmZ| `wº$ åhUyZ \$maM JmoS>. Ë`mgmR>t H$mht _mobhr
ZH$mo. H$moUr EImXm åhUob H$s¨ Aja| JmoS>, gmont AgVrb. nU Vt gVV
CƒmaÊ`m§V \$m`Xm H$moUVm ? g_W© åhUVmV H$s¨ V| Zm_ JmoS>, gmon| d \w$H$mM|
Va AmhoM, nU Omo V| KoVmo Vmo OÝ_ _aUmÀ`m \o$è`mVyZ gwQ>Vmo, Ag| `m§V _hÎd
Amho. OrdXe|V Zm§XUmè`m _mZdmMr OÝ_ - _aUmVyZ gyQ>H$m H$ê$Z KoU| `mbmM
H¡$dë` åhUVmV, hmM _moj hmo`. OÝ__¥Ë`mnmgyZ gwQ>bmŸ& `m Zmd Om{UOo
_moj OmbmŸ&& am_r am_Xmg åhUVmV, ""`odmo Úmdo dmMo Zm_ {Za§VaŸ& VoU| hm
g§gma V[aOobŸ&&'' Agm hm ûcmoH$mW© Amho.
nU `mda EH$ e§H$m Aer `oB©b H$s¨, _moj hm kmZmZ|M hmoVmo Agm
{gÕmÝV Amho, g_W©hr Xmg~moYm§V VmoM gm§JVmV. ZaXoht kmZo§drUŸ& H$Xm
Z MwHo$ OÝ__aUŸ&& (Xm. 8-7-25) kmZodrU _wº$ OmboŸ& h| Vmo KS>oZmŸ&&
(Xm. 9-7-33) Ag| AgVm§Zm `m ûcmoH$m§V Zm_mZ| ^dmM| {Z_©ybZ hmoV|, Ag|
Vo H$g| åhUVmV ? `mMm {dMma nmhÿ§.
Ordm_mJ| Or OÝ__aUnam§nam bmJbr Amho {VM| _yi H$maU dmgZm
h| Amho. dmgZm Omon`ªV {Z:eof Zï> hmoV ZmhtV Vmon`ªV OÝ__aU MwH$Uma
Zmht. d{gð> am_mbm gm§JVmV - `mbmJr gd© g§gma aKwZmWmŸ& Ago OmU
dmgZoÀ`m _mWmŸ&& dmgZm j`t OrdÝ_wº$VmŸ& ~mUo VÎdVm§ OmU Vy§Ÿ&& (`mo.
dm.) dmñV{dH$ AmË_M¡VÝ` h| ñdV: ewÕ, gwIê$n, _wº$ Ag| AgyZ gd©
dmgZm§M| d VXZwgma CËnÞ hmoUmè`m d¥ÎmtM| V| àH$meH$ Amho, Ag| AgVm§{h
Amnbo ñdê$n {dgê$Z V| {df`dmgZm d¥ÎmrÀ`m g§JVrV Amë`m_wi| VmXmËå`
nmdV| åhUyZ Ë`mbm ~Õ, _brZ OrdXem àmá hmoVo. AmËå`mZ| àH$m{ebr
d¥ÎmrŸ& d¥ÎmrZo AmËå`mgr Ord-àmárŸ& Ordm OrdËd| Xohmgº$sŸ&
gwIXw:Iàmár VoU| ^moJrŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 13-412) Ord Xem Ambr H$s¨ _r
Xohr AgyZ _bm OÝ__aU, gwIXw:Im{X Û§Ûo AmhoV Ag| dmQy>§ bmJV|.
dmgZmd¥Îmrer VmXmËå` Pmë`m_wi| _wº$ AgyZ{h ~§Y `oVmo. Ed§ d¥Îmr{M`m
g§JVrŸ& dmT>br {df`m§Mr Amgº$sŸ& VoU| g§gma~§YàmárŸ& Pmbr {Z{üVt
OrdmgrŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 13-413)
`m gd© dmgZm§Mo dmñVì`ñWmZ Amho {MÎm. {df`m§À`m AnojoZo Á`m
196 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 197

dmgZm {Z_m©U hmoVmV Ë`m {MÎmmV gmR>{dë`m Joë`m_wi| {MÎmmbm {MÎmnU
`oV|. g§H$ën {dH$ën Agbo åhUOo _Zmbm _ZnU `oV| d V| Zgb| åhUOo Ë`mMo
_ZnU Zï> hmoV|. `mà_mU| dmgZm_wi| {MÎmmbm {MÎmnU `oV|. dmgZm Zï>
Pmë`m H$s¨ {MÎm A{MÎm hmoV| d Ë`mbm àH$m{eV H$aUma| AmË_M¡VÝ` VodT>|
CaV|. VmoM AmË_mam_. dmgZm`moJ| {MÎmnUŸ& dmgZm j`| A{MÎm OmUŸ&&
{MÎmo g§gma hmo` Xmê$UŸ& A{MÎmo nyU© ~«÷ËdŸ&& (`mo. dm.) VmËn`© {MÎm åhQ>b|
H$s¨ dmgZm Amë`m Am{U dmgZm Amë`m H$s g§gma~§Y Ambm. åhUyZ hm
dmgZmj` Zm_mZ| H$gm gmYVm| h| nmhÿ§.
{MÎmmM| A{MÎm hmoU| h| O| AdKS> H$m`© V| Zm_mgma»`m gmoß`m
gmYZmZ| gmYV| åhUyZ Zm_mbm _hÎd Amho. {df`dmgZmW© ~{h_w©I hmoU| hm
{MÎmmMm ghO ñd^md Amho, nU Zm_mZ| V| hiyhiy A§V_w©I hmoD$ bmJV|.
Zm_ñ_aUm~amo~a {MÎm ê$nmH$S>o diV| d {df`dmgZm§er nmR>_moao hmoV|. OgOg|
gmYZ dmT>ob VgVg| nmn jrU hmoD$ bmJV|. nmnj`m~amo~a {MÎmmVrb aO V_ ho
JwU H$_r hmoD$Z gÎd JwUmMr dmT> hmoV OmVo. gÎdJwU dmT>V OmB©b VgVg| {MÎm
ewÕ hmoD$Z V| Y_©nam`U hmoV OmV|. Amnb| {MÎm ewÕ Pmb| H$s Zmht ho AmoiImd|
H$g| Agm àíZ EH$m gmYH$mZ| Ho$bm AgVm lr. n. n. Q>|~o ñdm_r åhUmbo H$s,
""Ooìhm Amnb| dU©{d{hV H$_© {ZîR>oZ| d AmdS>rZ| H$amd| Ago dmQy> bmJV| Voìhm§
{MÎm ewÕ Pmb| Amho Ag| g_Omd|''. ñdY_©{Zð>m Ambr H$s¨ dmgZmda {Z`§ÌU
nSy>Z nmR>monmR> d¡am½` `oV|M. d¡am½` dmT>ob Vg| Zm_ê$nmH$S>o {MÎm OmñV AmoT> KoV| d
öX`ñW OZmX©ZmMr OmUrd hmoD§$ bmJVo. "{MÎm' {dgamo{Z {MÎmmŸ& OS>mo{Z R>mHo$
^Jd§VmŸ& "_ZmMr' _moS>br _ZmoJVVmŸ& g§H$ën{dH$ënVm H$ê§$ {dgaoŸ&&
Eogr XoImo{Z öX`ewÕrŸ& VoWmo{Z {ÌewÕr Z [aKo harŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 2-
778,779) `oWn`ªV AÅ>mhmgmZ| à`ËZnyd©H$ EH$mJ«{MÎmmZo Zm_gmYZ Ho$b|
nm{hOo. `mnwT>| ^JdËH¥$nm AZw^dmbm `oVo.
h| bjm§V Agmdo H$s¨ YZ§ YmÝ` new§ ~hþnwÌbm^§ ho ^JdVH¥$noM|
bjU ZgyZ àmaãY ^moJmM| Amho. ^JdVH¥$noM| bjU ñdV: ^Jd§VM
gm§JVmV. _mP| H¥$noM| bjUŸ& àmá {df` ^mo{JVm OmUŸ& Z VwQ>o _mP| AZÝ`
^OZŸ& "nyU© H¥$nm' OmU `m Zm§dŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 20-360) Aem nyU© H¥$noZ§VaM
{MÎmmV {ZJ©wU AmË_ê$nmM| kmZ CËnÞ hmoV|. Jwê$Z| kmZ{dMma gm§{JVbm Var
B©œaH¥$no{edm` Vmo {MÎmm§V ZrQ> C_Q>V Zmht. Jwê§$Zt gm§{JVbr kmZ pñW{VŸ&
Vo B©œaH¥$nodrU {MÎmtŸ& R>gmdoZm gmYH$m§àVrŸ& OmU {Z{üVt CÕdmŸ&& (Zm.
^m. 22-100) åhUyZ Zm_gmYZmZ| B©œaH¥$nm hmoD$Z kmZmZ|M H¡$dë` àmá
hmoV Agë`m_wio ""kmZmXod Vw H¡$dë`_²'' `m {gÕmÝVmbm ~mY `oV Zmht
VwH$mo~m åhUVmV - ""VwQ>o ^damoJŸ& g§{MV {H«$`_mU ^moJŸ&& Eog| {dR>mo~mM|
Zm_Ÿ& Cƒm[aVm I§S>o OÝ_Ÿ&&''
OZt ^moOZr Zm_ dmMo dXmd|Ÿ&
AVr AmXa| JÚ Kmof| åhUmd|Ÿ&
harqMVZ| AÞ OodrV Omd|Ÿ&
Var lrhar nm{dOo Vmo ñd^md|Ÿ&&89Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$m§V \w$H$mÀ`m Zm_mZ| ^d{Z_©ybZ hmoD$Z H¡$dë` H$g|
àmá hmoV| h| gm§{JVb|. `m ûcmoH$m§V ^moOZg_`r Zm_ñ_aU Ho$ë`mg h[aH¥$nm
hmoVo Ag| gm§JVmV.
Á`m doit EImXm gm_wXm{`H$ ^moOZmMm àg§J AgVmo Ë`m doit JÚ
Ag| O| na_oœamM| Zm_ Ë`mbm ZmXmMr gmW XoD$Z V| _moR>çmZ| JO©Zm H$ê$Z
åhUmd|. ""grVmH$m§Vñ_aU O`O`am_,'' ""nmd©VrnVo haha _hmXod'' BË`m{X
ñdê$nm§V AmnU V| KoVm| Vg|M _moR>çmZo JOy©Z gdmªZr V| ¿`md|. Ho$di JO©ZmM
H$amd`mMr EdT>mM Ë`m§V hoVw Zgmdm, V| ào_mZ| KoVb| Omd|. Vg|M ^moOZ KoV
AgVm§Zm AmnU EH$Q>o Agcm| AJa g_wXm`m§V Agcm| Var _Zm§V harM| ñ_aU
gVV R>odyZ ^moOZ ¿`md|. Ë`m doit _Zm§V BVa H$ënZm§Zm Wmam XoD§$ Z`o. Agm
^OZH«$_ am{hë`mg ñdm^m{dH$nU| lrhar nmdë`mdm§MyZ amhUma Zmht. H$m§hr
nwñVH$m§V ""AÞ OodrV Omd|'' `mEodOt ""AÞ godrV Omd|'' Agm nmR> Amho.
VmËn`©, AI§S> Zm_mMm N>§X> Agmdm nU {deofV: ^moOZg_`t V| ¿`md| åhUOo
h[aH¥$nm hmoVo Agm `m ûcmoH$mMm AW© Amho.
hm ûcmoH$ ^moOZmÀ`m doir Zoh_t åhQ>cm OmV Agë`mZ| Vmo
~hþVoH$m§Zm nmR> AgVmo. Ë`mMm dada AW© nm{hë`mg Vmo gmonm{h Amho.
n§JVtV AmnU _moR>çmZ| Zm_JO©Zm{h H$[aVmo. nU Vr ""AVr AmXa|'' AgVr
H$m Zmht h| Á`mM| Ë`mg R>mD$H$$. JO©Zm Pmcr H$s¨ JßnmJmoï>r gwê$ hmoVmV.
^moOZmÀ`m doit JßnmJmoï>r H$arV, AmZ§XmZ| hgVIoiV OodU Pmë`mg
198 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 199

AÞnMZ Mm§Jc| d cm¡H$a hmoV|, Aer gd©gmYmaU g_OyV Amho d ì`mdhm[aH$
Ñï>rZ| Vr ~amo~a{h Amho. nU H$moUr {dMmab| H$s¨ Zm_mMm Am{U ^moOZmMm g§~§Y
H$m` ? ^moOZ H$aVm§Zm Zm_ KoVë`mZ| ñdm^m{dH$nU| har H$gm nmdVmo ? Va `m
àým§Mo CÎma XoU| _wH$mQ>çmZ| Zm_ KoV OodUmè`m Zm_YmaH$mg{h AdKS> OmV|. åhUyZ
gmYH$mÀ`m Ñï>rZo Zm_ d ^moOZ `m§Mm g§~§Y H$m` d Vmo {H$Vr Amdí`H$ d _hÎdmMm
Amho `mMm {dMma nmhÿ§.
~aoM bmoH$ åhUVmV H$s¨ Amåht Zm_ KoVm| nU _Zm§V ^b^bË`m
H$ënZm `oVmV d {MÎm pñWa amhmV Zmht. `mÀ`m _yimet H$moUV| H$maU
Agob Va V| AmhmamH$S>o Xwb©j h| hmo`. AÞm§Vrb gyú_ A§emZ| _ZmM|
nmofU hmoV|. Vmo A§e gmpÎdH$ Zgob Va _Z{h gmpÎdH$ ~ZV Zmht.
aOV_moJwUmË_H$ _Z H$ënZm gmoS>rV Zmhr d A§V_w©I hmoV Zmhr, åhUyZ
_mZgt {df` nmoIoŸ& agZm Ûma|Ÿ&& (km. 2-306) h| VÎd {dgê§$ Z`o.
ñdoÀN>m ñd¡a ImÊ`m{nÊ`mZ| {df`dmgZm à~b hmoVmV. {dfmZ| _aU
`oV|. _{XaoZ| AmnU H$m` H$aVm|, H$moR>| Amhm| `mM| ^mZ amhmV Zmht h| AmnU
nmhVm|M.
O¡go ^m§{S>`mMo{Z Vmn|Ÿ& Am§Vwb| CXH$hr VmnoŸ& V¡gr YmVwde| AmQ>monoŸ&
{MÎmd¥ÎmrŸ&& (km. 17-117) A½ZrZ| àW_ ^m§S>| VmnV| d Z§Va Am§Vrb nmUr
VmnV|. Ë`mà_mU| Ogm Amhma ¿`mdm Vgm Xohm§Vrb YmVyda n[aUm_ hmoVmo; d
Ë`m YmVyà_mU| {MÎmmMm ñd^md ~ZVmo. AÞmMm ag, aŠV, _m§g, ApñW,
_‚mm, ñZm`w, d ewH«$ qH$dm emo{UV `m Xohm§Vrb gá YmVw hmoV. gmpÎdH$
AmhmamZ| gá YmVy§da gmpÎdH$ n[aUm_ hmoD$Z {MÎmm§V gmpÎdH$ JwUm§Mr dmT>
hmoVo d X¡dr g§nÎmrMm bm^ hmoVmo. amOg, Vm_g AmhmamZ| Ë`m Ë`m JwUm§Mr dmT>
hmoD$Z amjgr qH$dm Amgwar ñd^md ~ZVmo. åhUyZM JrV|V AmhmamM| {Ì{dY
ñdê$n gm§{JVb| Amho d `wŠVmhmamZ| Xw…IZme hmoVmo Ag| åhQ>b| OmV|.
H$moUr åhUob H$s¨ h„tÀ`m H$mit OoW| gmYm Amhma {_iU| H$R>rU,
VoW| gmpÎdH$ Amhma AmUmd`mMm H$moRy>Z ? hr AS>MU Amho Iar. nU
Ë`mM~amo~a M{dï> ImÚ no`m§Mr XwH$mZ|{h ^a^amQ>tV Mmby AgyZ `m§Mr dmT>
hmoV Amho h|{h Ia| Zmhr H$m ? gdmªZm gmpÎdH$ AÞ {_iU| H$R>rU Amho,
Ë`mà_mU|M BVa B§{Ð`m§da ~§YZ KmbVm§ Amb| Va OJÊ`mgmR>r agZ|{Ð`
Mmby R>odmd|M bmJV| BË`m{X Jmoï>r bjm§V KoD$ZM g_W© åhUVmV, ""har
qMVZ| AÞ OodrV Omd§o.'' (AÞ Og| {_iob Vg| d VodT>| ¿`m) nU V|
Zm_mZ| g§ñH$m[aV H$am. AÞmbm _hmJmB© Amho, nU Zm_ Va \w$H$mMo Amho
Zm ? OJÊ`mgmR>t O| nXat nS>ob V| ImVm§M; _J Zm_ H$m§ Q>miVm§ ?
harM| ñ_aU H$ê$Z Oa Kmg ¿`mb Va lrhar nmdob.
""ñd^md|'' hm eãX _hÎdmMm Amho. ñd^md åhUOo g§ñH$ma. H$s ñd^mdŸ&
g§ñH$mamM| Zm§Ÿ&& g§ñH$mamZwê$n ^mdŸ& CnOVmo lÕoMmŸ&& (`. Xr. 17-
41) Am{U Á`mÀ`mda lÕm VoM Ü`mZt _Zt {XgV|. harÀ`m Zm_m§V BVH|$
gm_Ï`© Amho H$s¨ V| AÞmbm n{dÌ ~Z{dV| d Ë`m n{dÌ AÞm_wi| {MÎmmMr
ew{Õ hmoD$Z h[aàgmX àmá hmoVmo. åhUyZ Zm_m~amo~a hmoUmè`m Amhmambm
ZmW {ZJw©U Amhma åhUVmV. J«mgmoJ«mgt JmoqdXŸ& `oU| ñ_aU| AÞ
ewÕŸ&& hm {ZJw©U Amhma à{gÕŸ& MH$ma| JmoqdX ~mo{bbmŸ&& `mÀ`m{h nwT>|
na_ {ZJw©U Amhma Amho. Vmo Agm- AÞ ~«÷ Ah§M ~«÷Ÿ& n§ŠVrH$a Vmo{h
~«÷Ÿ&& Eogm Á`mMm ^moOZmZwH«$_Ÿ& Vmo Amhma na_ {ZJw©UŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 25-
378-79) gmam§e hm Amho H$s¨, O| {_iob V| `wŠV AÞ KoV AgVm§Zm AÅ>mhmgmZ|
Zm_ñ_aU H$amd|. Ë`m_wi| AÞ ewÕ hmoV| d V| {MÎmewÕrbm \$ma CnH$maH$ hmoV|.
Z `o am_dmUr V`m Wmoa hmUrŸ&
OZr ì`W© àmUr V`m Zm_ H$mUrŸ&
harZm_ h| doXemót nwamUtŸ&
~hy AmJi| ~mo{bbr ì`mgdmUr Ÿ&&90Ÿ&&
^moOZmÀ`m doit Zm_ KoVë`mZ| gËd d¥ÎmrMr dmT> H$er hmoVo h|
gm§JyZ OZm§V qH$dm ^moOZm§V AI§S> Zm_ ¿`md|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVbo, nU Ag| Zm_ Z KoVb| Joë`mg _mZdr OrdZmMr \$ma _moR>r hm{Z
hmoVo, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
Á`mÀ`m _wIm§VyZ am_Zm_ `oV Zmht Vmo AmnUhÿZ Amnbm \$ma
_moR>m KmV H$ê$Z KoV Amho Ag| g_Omd|. `m bmoH$s¨ Á`mMm OÝ_ {ZaW©H$ Amho
Aem _Zwî`mbmM Zm_ h| VwÀN> qH$dm H$ï>mM| dmQ>V|. Ë`mM| _Zwî`ËdM
\w$H$Q> hmo`. åhUOo Ë`mbm _Zwî` Ag| åhUVm§M `oUma Zmht. H$moUr - VwÀN>
qH$dm ŠboeXm`H$.
_mZdXoh àmá Pmboë`m _Zwî`mZ| ñdV…Mm CÕma H$ê$Z ¿`mdm
200 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 201

åhUyZ Va doX, emñÌ| d nwamUo§ `mM| à`moOZ-doX ho B©ûdamMo {Zœ{gV,
Va nwamU| hr§ ì`mgàUrV. AÝd`-h[aZm_ ho ~hÿ AmJi|. doXemñÌr nwamUt ì`mg
dmUr ~mo{bbr, doXemñÌ| h[aZm_ h| Og| Am¡a gmagmYZ Amho Ag| gm§JVmV.
Vg|M nwamUm§V ì`mgdmUr{h gm§JVo. Mhÿ§ doXt OmU gmhr emñÌt H$maUŸ&
AR>amhr nwamU| h[agr JmVrŸ&& (km. h. nm.) Aem `m ^Jd§VmÀ`m d
_hmËå`m§À`m eãXmH$S>o Xwb©j H$ê$Z Zm_mbm VwÀN> boIUmam _mZd ñdV:Mo
Kmoa ZwH$gmZ H$ê$Z KoVmo. Agm hm íbmoH$mW© Amho. nU Zm_mbm VwÀN>
boIUmat AZoH$ _mUg| àn§Mm§V ^a^amQ>tV d »`mbrIwembtV Zm§XV Ambobt
{XgVmV. åhUyZ g_W© Á`mbm "Wmoa hmUr'' Ago§ åhUVmV {VM| ñdê$n H$m` h|o
nmhÿ§.
àW_ h| bjmV KoVb| nm{hOo H$s¨, ZaXohmÀ`m gmW©H$Vog§~§Yr qH$dm
bm^hmZrg§~§Yr Amnë`mgma»`m àmn§{MH$m§À`m Am{U g§Vm§À`m H$ënZ|V \$ma \$aH$
Amho. bhmZmMo _m|R>o ìhmdo. EImXr nmoQ>^ê$ {dÚm [eH$mdr, g§nÎmr {_idmdr,
Eoœ`m©V Zm§Xmdo Am{U nmoQ> AZm`mgo ^amdo, åhUOo Pmbr ZaXohmMr B{VH$V©ì`Vm
Aer Amnbr g_OyZ AgVo. g§V åhUVmV H$s¨ Am`wî`m§Vrb bm^hm{Z,
lr_§Vr,J[a~r hr Vy§ {H$Vrhr YS>nS> Ho$brg Var VwÂ`m nyd©H$_m©ZwgmaM àmßV hmoUma,
{Q>H$Uma qH$dm OmUma. hm bmoH$ gmoS>Vm§Zm ~è`mdmB©Q> H$_mªM| Jm§R>moS>o KoD$Z Vy§
EH$Q>mM OmUma d gd© `oW|M amhUma. amOm AgVm§ _¥Ë`y AmbmŸ& bj H$moQ>r
H$~yb PmbmŸ& Var gmoS>rZm V`mbmŸ& _¥Ë`y H$m§htŸ&& Eog| h| namYoZ {OU|Ÿ& `m_Yo
XwIU| ~mhmU|Ÿ& ZmZm CÛoJ qMVm H$aU|Ÿ& {H$Vr åhUmo{ZŸ&& (Xm. 12-8-32,33)
åhUyZ ZaXohmgmaI| K~mS> àmßV Pmb| AgVm§ Ë`mMm bm^ KoD$Z A_a hmo.
OoWyZ Vwbm H$moUr Imbt IoMUma Zmht Ag| AÀ`wV nX àmßV H$ê$Z Ko daModa
_ê§$ ZH$mog. gmam§e, g§Vm§À`m Ñï>rZ| A_a hmoU| hm ZaXohm§Vrb Abä` bm^ hmo`.
Am{U daModa _aV amhU| hr Wmoa hm{Z hmo`.
dmñV{dH$ na_oœamZ| _mZdXoh {Xbm Vmo ^OZmZ| h| A_aËd
gmYÊ`mgmR>t. AÝ` H$moUVm{h bm^ CR>{dÊ`mgmR>t Zmhr Ag| ñdV: ^Jd§VM
gm§JVmV. A{ZË`_gwI§ bmoH${__§ àmß` ^Oñd _m_²Ÿ&& hm bmS>Š`m AOw©Zmbm
Ë`m§Mm g§Xoe Amho. ImU|{nU|, {ZÐm KoU|, àOmoËnmXZ H$aU|, BË`m{X ì`dhma
BVa gd© `moZtV AmhoVM. nU {ddoH$ d d¡am½` `m§gmaIr ^Jd§VmMr A_mob
XoUJr _mZd Xohmì`{V[aŠV AÝ` H$moUË`m{h Xohm§V Zmht. åhUyZ ZaXoht
Am{b`m§ `oH$Ÿ& H$m§hr H$amd| gmW©H$Ÿ& OoU| nm{dOo nabmoH$Ÿ& na_ Xwëb^ OmoŸ&&
(Xm. 2-4-5) lrXÎmmÌo`m§Zr Mmodrg Jwê$ Ho$bo, nU Ë`m gdm©nojm loð> Agm
n§M{dgmdm Jwê$ ZaXoh _m{Zbm Amho. Mmodrg Jwê§$Mmhr Jwê$Ÿ&
{ddoH$d¡am½`{dMmê$Ÿ& hm ZaXoht bmKo gKê$Ÿ& `mbmJt _w»` Jwê$ ZaXohmoŸ&&
(Zm. ^m. 9-249) Á`m Xohm§Vrb {ddoH$m_wi| Xwb©^ Aem A{dZme nXmMr àm{ßV
hmoVo Agm hm Abä` bm^ H$ê$Z XoUmam _mZd Xoh Amho. _J `mMm C{MV Agm
Cn`moJ H$ê$Z ¿`md`mg ZH$mo H$m` ? ZaXohmM| C{MVŸ& H$m§hr H$amd| AmË_{hVŸ&&
(Xm. 2-4-13) Agm gXwn`moJ Z Pmë`mg _mZdr OrdZ åhUOo IoiI§S>mo~mM,
ZaXohmM| _mVoa| Ho$di Am`wî`ZmeM. V¡g| ZaXoh `oD${Z Zam§ H$[aVr Am`wî`mMm
_mVoamŸ&& nyU© ì`dgm`mo {eñZmoXamŸ& Cnhmg {ZÐm H$m§ qZXmŸ&& (Zm.^m. 2-
235) Ü`o`{dñ_aUm_wi| Ag| Am`wî`mM| _mVoa| hmoÊ`mnojm§ newËd ~a|. ney§V
F$VwH$mbm{dZm ñÌrg§^moJ Zmhr, bmo^ Zmhr,qZXm Zmht; Am{U {ddoH$ AgyZ _Zwî`m§V
ho gd© XwJw©U; _J Vmo neyhÿZhr hrZ Zìho H$m ? H$m_ H«$moY gbmo^VmŸ& qMVm
qZXm A{VJd©VmŸ& ho _Zwî`mMo{M _mWmŸ& neygr gd©Wm AgoZmŸ&& (Zm.^m.
9-368)
Ho$di Am`wî`mM| _mVoa| hmoV| BVHo$M Zìho Va Ë`mhÿZ{h Wmoa hm{Z
åhUOo AmË_hË`m d B©œamMm KmV `m Xmofm§Mo nmn nXar§ `oV|. _Zwî`mZ|
A_a ìhmdo åhUyZ B©œamZ| _mZdXoh {Xbm. Ë`m _mZdmbm {deof Ag| kmZ
{Xb|. Ë`mZ| {ddoH$mZ| `mo½` _mJm©Z| Omd| åhUyZ _mJ©Xe©Z doX, emñÌ| d nwamUo
{Z_m©U Ho$bt. BVŠ`m gd© gmoB© H$ê$Z{h hm _mZd gmÜ`m ^OZ_mJm©Zo{h
Amnbm CÕma H$ê$Z Z KoVm§ {Za{Zamù`m `moZtV qhSy>Z daModa _ê§$ bmJbm
Va A_a Z Pmë`m_wi| Vmo AmË_KmVH$s d Xodmbm {dgaë`m_wio§ Vmo
{dœmgKmVH$s hmo`.^dmpãY Z Vado V`mŸ& AmË_hË`mam ~mo{bOoŸ&& (Xm.
8-7-23) Am{U Eogm ZaXoh nmdmo{Z XoIŸ& Omo Z gmYr{M ~«÷gwIŸ&
Vmo OZm§_mOt na_ _yI©Ÿ& {dœmgKmVH$ XodmMmŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 9-377)
`m ^mdmZ| "Wmoa hmUr' Ag| g_W© åhUVmV.
ZH$mo drQ> _mZy§ aKyZm`H$mMmŸ&
AVrAmXa| ~mo{bO| am_dmMmŸ&
Z doM| _wIt gm§nS>o ao \w$H$mMmŸ&
H$at Kmof Ë`m OmZH$sdëb^mMmŸ &&91Ÿ&&
202 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 203

Á`m _mZdmÀ`m _wImVyZ am_Zm_mMm Cƒma hmoV Zmht Ë`mÀ`m
Am`wî`mMr Wmoa hm{Z hmoVo. åhUOo AmË_KmV hmoD$Z OÝ__aUmÀ`m \o$è`m§V
Ë`mbm AS>Hy$Z amhmd| bmJV| Ag| _mJrb íbmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|, hr Wmoa hm{Z
MwH$dmd`mMr Agob Va _Zwî`mZ| H$m` gmYZ Ho$b| nm{hOo V| `m íbmoH$mV
gm§JyZ Zm__mhmËå` dU©Z H$aVmV.
amKdê$nmZ| ZQ>boë`m AmË_mam_mMm H§$Q>mim H$ê§$ ZH$mog åhUOo
Ë`mÀ`m ê$nmH$S>o Xwb©j H$ê§$ ZH$mog. H$m§hr boIH$m§Zr ""aKyZm`H$mMm'' `m
eãXm§Mm AW© am_Zm_mMm Agm Ho$bm Amho. nU `m àW_ MaUm§V Zm_mMm
H§$Q>mim H$ê§$ ZH$mog Ag| g_WmªZm gm§Jmd`mM| ZgyZ Á`mM| Zm_ ¿`md`mM|
Ë`m Zm_rÀ`m ê$nmH$S>o Xwb©j H$ê§$ ZH$mog Ag| gm§Jmd`mM| Amho Ag| dmQ>Vo.
n{hë`m MaUm§V Ho$di Zm_rMm C„oI AgyZ Xwgè`m MaUm§V Zm_mMm C„oI
Amho. åhUyZ amKdê$nmH$S>o Xwb©j Z H$aVm§ AË`§V ào_mZ| Ë`mM| Zm_ dmUrZ| Ko
Agm hm nydm©Ym©Mm ^mdmW© ~am dmQ>Vmo.
Zm_ KoVm§Zm Oa ê$nmH$S>o bj Zgob Va _Z H$moR>o{h AÝ`Ì ^Q>H$V
amhV| d _wImZ| Zm_ KoUmam nwÊ`dmZ Agbm Var Zm_mZ| OÝ_~§Y{d{Z_w©ŠV
ìhmd`mM| Agë`mg Ë`m Zm_m§V ê$nmMr AmR>dU Am{U Zm_r~Ôb ào_ `m XmoZ
Jmoï>r Agë`mM nm{hOoM. _wIt Zm_ ¿`md|Ÿ& _Zt ê$n AmR>dmd|Ÿ&& Ago
VwH$mo~m åhUVmV. Ho$di _wImZ| Zm_ KoVë`mg H$m§hr nwÊ`g§M` hmoB©b. nU
EH$mJ«VoÀ`m A^mdt `mMr Xohr `mMr S>moim g§gmaZme hmoUma Zmhr. ê$nmMr Z
Y[aVm§ gmo`oŸ& Zm_mg[ag| ^a§Jimo Z`oŸ&& (Xm. 10-10-9) åhUyZ n{hë`m
MaUm§V amKdê$nmMm H§$Q>mim Zgmdm Ag| gm§{JVb| d Xwgè`m MaUm§V dmUrZ|
Zm_ KoVm§Zm Ë`m§V ào_ Agmd| Ag| gm§{JVbo.
gwadmVrg AmoT>rMo qH$dm Aï>gm{ÎdH$ ^md CËnÝZ hmoÊ`mBVH|$ ào_
AgUma Zmht. H$maU ào_ h| H$ê§$ åhUyZ hmoV ZgV|. V| Amho ""XoUo B©œamMo''
nU ê$nmMm AmR>d d Zm_mMm O`O`H$ma ho à`ËZ Ho$ë`mZ| hmoVmV d gmYVmV.
Amnbm A§VamË_m hmM amKdê$nmZ| ZQ>bm. AgyZ Ë`mÀ`m ApñVËdmdaM Amnbm
Xoh MmbVmo, ~mobVmo, nmhVmo, EoH$Vmo, _r åhUVm| ho OmUyZ, Amnë`m AmdS>Ë`m
öX`ñW _Zmo_` _yVuH$S>o bj XoD$Z Zm_ KoVë`mg Ë`m§VyZM gmpÎdH$
ào_mMr CËn{V hmoVo Am{U H$idù`mMm Kmof _wIm§VyZ {ZKVmo. VwH$mo~m
åhUVmV. Mmb| h| eara H$moUm{M`| gÎmoŸ& H$moU ~mobdrV| h§ar{dUŸ&&
XoIdr EoH$dr EH$ Zmam`UŸ& V`mM| ^OZ MwH$m| ZH$mŸ&&
(Jm. 1118) Amnë`m nXaM| H$m§hr IM© Z hmoVm§ \w$H$Q> Ho$di dmUrZ| Oa h|
A_mob gmYZ hmV|, Va `mMm H§$Q>mim H$m§ H$amdm ? `mgmR>r Ë`m§ grVmn{V
am_mMm O`O`H$ma H$arV amhm.
AVr AmXa| gd©hr Zm_Kmf|Ÿ&
{JarH§$Xar Om{`Oo Xy[a Xmof|Ÿ&
har {Vð>Vw Vmofbm Zm_Kmof|Ÿ&
{deof§o ham _mZgt am_nrg|Ÿ &&92Ÿ&&
H§$Q>mim Z H$aVm am_ê$nmH$S>o bj XoD$Z AË`§V à_mZ| am_Zm_mMm
O`O`H$ma H$amdm, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVb|. Ag| Zm_ KoVë`mZ|
Ë`mM| H$moUV| \$b àmßV hmoV| V| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
AÝd` :- AVr AmXa| Zm_Kmof| gd©hr Xmoof|Ÿ& Xwar {JarH§$Xat
Om{`Oo. AË`§V ào_mZ| Zm_Kmof Ho$bm H$s gd© Xmof, gd© nmVH|$ Zm_YmaH$mnmgyZ
bm§~ niyZ nd©VJwhm§V XSy>Z ~gVmV. åhUOo Zm_YmaH$m§Mo gd© Xmof Zmhrg|
hmoVmV. Zm_ ñ_ao {Za§VaŸ& V| OmUmd| nwÊ` earaŸ& _hmXmofm§Mo {JardaŸ&
am_Zm_| ZmgVrŸ&& (Xm. 4-3-22) OÝ_OÝ_mVatMr nmVH|$ qH$dm g§ñH$maXmof
Zmhr§go H$ê$Z {MÎm gËdJwUg§nÝZ H$aÊ`mM| gm_Ï`© Zm_m§V Amho. Hw$~Q> YmÝ`
AWdm H$nS>o `m§Zm D$Z qH$dm gy`©àH$me XmI{dbm åhUO| Vt Oer nyd© ewÕ
pñWVrbm `oVmV. Vg|M Zm_mÀ`m O`O`H$mamZ| EH$mJ« Pmbob| {MÎm M¡VÝ`KZ
am_ê$nmÀ`m àH$memZo ewÕ hmoD$Z Amnë`m _yiÀ`m {MX² `m AdñWobm
àmßV hmoV|. Agm `m Zm_mMm àVmn Amho. AÀ`wV h| ñ_aVm§ Zm_Ÿ& àVmn|
{ZX©ir H$_m©H$_©Ÿ& gH$i nmVH|$ H$ar ^ñ_Ÿ& XmQw>J| Zm_ harM|Ÿ&& (Zm.
^m. 26-14)
AÝd` :- Zm_Kmof| Vmofbm har {VîR>Vw. Zm_KmofmZ| g§Vmof nmdbobm
na_oœa ewÜX {MÎmm§V AmZ§XmZ| amhVmo. àË`oH$ àm{U_mÌm§V M¡VÝ`KZ am_mM|
dmñVì` AmhoM. nU _{bZ {MÎmm_wi| Ë`mMr OmUrd `oV Zmht. XmQ> T>§JmÀ`m
AmS> gy`© AgVmo, T>Jm§Zm VmoM àH$m{eVmo, nU Ag| AgyZ{h Vmo Zmht Ag|
dmQ>V|. Vg| _{bZm{MÎmàH$meH${h am_M Amho nU {MÎm_m{bÝ`m_wi| Ë`mMr
OmUrd hmoV Zmhr. åhUyZ OoW| Zm_ñ_aU² hmoV| VoW| Ë`mMr OmUrd `oV
Agë`m_wio har AmZ§XmZ| amhVmo Ag| åhQ>b| Amho. Xwgar Jmoï> åhUOo OoW|
204 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 205

ào_ VoW§o har. Vmo ào_mMm ^wHo$bm Amho. ào_imMr na_ àr{VŸ& C„§Ky Z eHo$
lrnVrŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 2-772) Ë`mbm d¡Hw§$R> ZH$mo, gy`©bmoH$ ZH$mo, `mo½`m§M| öX`
ZH$mo. Ë`mbm ào_i Zm_KmofmMr MQ>H$ Amho. Vr BVH$s H$s¨ Zm_Kmofm§Z| bwãY
Pmbobm Vmo Zm_YmaH$m§À`m A§V:H$aUmVyZ ~mhoa {ZKVM Zmht.
harZm_ào_àrVrdarŸ& öX`t [aKmbm Omo harŸ& Vmo {ZKm| {dgao ~mhoarŸ&
^ŠVàrVrH$at H¥$nmiyŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 2-780) `mgmR>t har Vmofbm {Vð>Vw Zm_Vmof|
Ago g_W© åhUVmV.
åhUyZM har_mZgr am_ntgo {deof Amho. lre§H$am§Zm am_Zm_mM| doS>
\$ma Amho. AmnU YZ, ñÌrào_mZ| doS>o hmoVm|, nU AmË_mam_mÀ`m ào_mZ| doS>o Pmbobo
\$maM WmoS>o. doS> Zgmo, nU AmdS> Var Agmdr, Ë`m_wi| OÝ_mM| gmW©H$ hmoB©b
VwH$m åhUo `mgr (Zmam`Umg) H$sV©ZmMr JmoS>rŸ& n«o_| Kmbr CS>r
Zm_mgmR>tŸ&& åhUyZ ào_i {MÎmmZ| Zm_Kmof H$amdm.
OJt nmhVm§ Xod hm AÝZXmVmŸ&
V`m bmJbr VÎdVm§ gma qMVmŸ&
V`mM| _wIt Zm_ KoVm§ \w$H$mM|Ÿ&
_Zm gm§J nm§ ao VwPo H$m` doM|Ÿ &&93Ÿ&&
Zm_mZ| gd© Xmof Zmhrg| hmoD$Z h[ag§Vmof H$gm hmoVmo h| _mJrb
ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo. `m ûcmoH$mV g_W© _Zmbm gm§JVmV H$s¨ Ho$di Amåhr
Zm_mM| JmoS>do JmVm| åhUyZ Vy§ Zm_mbm _hËd XoD§$ ZH$mog. g¥ï>rH$S>o d _mZdr
OrdZmH$S>o Vy§ WmoS>|g| bj X|, {dMma H$a, åhUOo Zm_mMr Amdí`H$Vm H$m`
h| VwP| VwbmM g_Oob.
g¥ï>tV OÝ_mg Amboë`m H$moUË`m{h àmÊ`mg AÝZmdm§MyZ OJVm§ `oV
Zmhr h| ñnîQ> Amho. Am{U àË`oH$mMr YmaUm Aer AgVo H$s¨ _r ñdV: AÝZ
{_i{dVm| d ImVm|. `m§V XodmMm Agbobm g§~§Y bjmV{h `oV Zmhr. nO©Ý`mZ|
WmoS>r AmoT> Im„r H$s¨ qMVoZ| AmH$memH$S>o bj OmV| d _Z{h H$m§gmdrg hmoV|.
V| nmdgmMr qMVm H$aV|. nU nO©Ý`d¥pîQ> Á`mÀ`m ñdmYrZ Amho Ë`m
{dœMmbH$ {dœ§^amM| qMVZ H$arV Zmht qH$dm Ë`mbm AmidrV Zmhr.
g¥{ï>H«$_ bjm§V `oVmo, nU g¥{ï>MmbH$ bjm§V `oV Zmht.
dmñV{dH$ Á`mZ| g¥{ï> {Z_m©U Ho$br Ë`mbmM {VÀ`m YmaUoMrhr gma
åhUOo gd© qMVm dmhmdr bmJVo. `m A{Ib g¥ï>rMm MmbH$ d _mbH$ na_mË_m
Amho. Ef ^yVmZm_² A{Yn{V:Ÿ&& ^wdZñ`ZmW:Ÿ&& hmM gd© ^yVm§Mm A{Yn{V
åhUOo ñdm_r Amho d OJmMm ajH$ Amho. nO©Ý`m_wi| AÝZmMr CËn{Îm hmoVo d
AÝZmda àm{U_mÌm§Mo OrdZ d CËn{Îm Adb§~yZ Amho. nO©Ý`mÀ`m A^mdt gd©
Ord H$ï>r hmoVrb h| OmUyZ X`miy B©œamZ| `kì`dñWm {Z_m©U Ho$br. gh`km:
àOm: gwï²>dm BË`m{X ûcmoH$m§À`m Ûmam JrVoÀ`m {Vgè`m AÜ`m`m§V Vr ^Jd§VmZ|
gm§{JVbr Amho. Mmby n[apñWVtV `km{X H$_} hmoU| h| gd© Ñï>rZ| AdKS> Amho,
nU Á`mÀ`mda OrdZ Adb§~yZ Amho,Aem nO©Ý`mgmR>t {ZXmZ Kmg^a AÝZmMm
d¡œXod Var ìhmdm. nU Ë`m§V AÝZ \w$H$Q> Job|g| dmQ>V|. Vmo Zmht Va nwT>|
Amboë`m AÝZmÀ`m VmQ>mMm B©œañ_aUnyd©H$ Z¡doÚ Var XmI{dbm Omdm. h|{h
KS>b| Zmht Va VmoS>m§V Kmg Jobm H$s¨ CnH¥$V ~wÜXrZ| Ë`m XodmM| \w$H$Q>Mo Zm_
Var ¿`md|. nU h|{h hmoV Zmht; `mM| H$maU AÝZmXmVm Xod Amho `oWn`©V bj
OmVM Zmht. A{hqZer Á`m ^Jd§VmŸ& gH$i Ordm§Mr bmJbr qMVmŸ& _oK
dê$fo O`mMr gÎmmŸ& qgYy _`m©Xm YarŸ&& (Xm. 3-10-56) Aem H$Zdmiw
H¥$nmiw XodmMr AmR>dU{h hmoV Zmht. åhUyZ OJt nmhVm§ Xod hm AÝZXmVm, Ag|
ñ_aU H$ê$Z Úmd| bmJV|.
ñdV: g_WmªMr `m dMZmda {H$Vr ÑT> lÜXm Amho h| Ë`m§À`m EH$m
nXmdê$Z H$iob. EH$ H$mim \$Îma \$moSy>Z Ë`m§V Agboë`m ~oS>H$H$sH$S>o d
nmÊ`mH$S>o {edam`mM| bj doYyZ Vo åhUVmV - Amåhr H$m` Hw$UmM| ImVm|
lram_ Amåhm§bm XoVmoŸ&& {ed~m, VQ>mÀ`m q^VrV CJdboë`m qnnimÀ`m _wimbm
H$m` _moQ>oZ| nmUr nmOb| OmV| ? VoWo§ nmUr H$moU KmbVmo ? _mVoÀ`m _m§gaŠV_`
ñVZm§V ~mbH$mH$[aVm§ JmoS> d ewÜX XyY H$moU {Z_m©U H$aVmo ? IS>H$mÀ`m
nmoQ>m§V H$m` g_wÐ AgVmo ? _J VoW| {Od§V Agboë`m, gdmªZr nm{hboë`m,
`m amoS> ~oS>H$sÀ`m _wIm§V nmUr H$moU nmOVmo ? eodQ>t g_W© åhUVmV.
ZgVm§ nmÊ`mMo ~wS>~wS>oŸ& gXm gd©Xm JJZ H$moaS>|Ÿ& Xmg åhUo OrdZ
Mhþ§H$S>oŸ& Kmbw{Z gS>o nrH$ CJ{dVmoŸ& lram_ Amåhm§bm XoVmoŸ&& åhUyZ OJt
Xod hm AÝZXmVm.
206 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 207

{VÝhr bmoH$ Omiy§ eHo$ H$mon `oVm§Ÿ&
{Zdmbm hê$ Vmo _wI| Zm_ KoVm§Ÿ&&
Ono AmXa| nmd©Vr {díd_mVmŸ&
åhUmoZr åhUm V|{M h| Zm_ AmVm§Ÿ &&94Ÿ&&
g¥{ï>H$Ë`m© Xodmbm gd© Ordm§Mr qMVm Agë`m_wi| Vmo AÝZ {nH$dyZ
Ë`m§Mr ^yH$ H$er ^mJ{dVmo h| _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo d Ë`m§Mo Zm§d KoÊ`mg
gm§{JVb|. `m d nwT>rb VrZ-Mma ûcmoH$mV nm¡am{UH$ CXmhaU| XoD$Z g_OyZ AWdm
MwHy$Z Zm_ Amë`mg{h H$g| H$ë`mU hmoV| h| gm§JVmV.
`m ûcmoH$mV g_OyZ Zm_ KoV Agboë`m e§H$amM| CXmhaU àW_ {Xb|
Amho. dmñV{dH$ Zm_m~Ôb nydu nwîH$i ûcmoH$mV e§H$amMm C„oI Ambm Amho.
nU e§H$a ho AmXe© Vnñdr åhUyZ g_WmªZm Ë`mM| doimodoit ñ_aU hmoV| Ag|
{XgV|. H$[aVm§ Vmngm§Mr H$S>gUrŸ& H$dU Odir R>o{dOo eybnmUrŸ&& Ag|
kmZmo~m{h åhUVmV. XjàOmn{V `kmÀ`m doit C_oMm OmUyZ ~wOyZ An_mZ
Ho$bm Jobm, Am{U Vmo{h _mhoamH$Sy>Z. Ë`m_wi| e§H$am§Zm BVH$m ^`§H$a g§Vmn
Ambm H$s¨ Ë`m_wi| {VÝhr bmoH$ OiyZ ^ñ_ hmoVmV H$s¨ H$m` Ago dmQ>b|. nU
Vgo Z Pmë`m_wi| Amnë`mnojm{h {dœajUm§Mo gm_Ï`© Agbobm H$moUr Var
AmË_mam_ Amho Ag| dmQy>Z Vo am_Zm_ KoD§$ bmJbo. Ë`m_wi| XwY©a Agm Ë`m§Mm
g§Vmn H$_r hmoD$Z Ë`§mZm nyU© em§{V bm^br. hm Zm_àVmn nmhÿZ OJÝ_mVm
Or nmd©Vr Vr{h ào_nyd©H$ am_Zm_ Ony§ bmJbr. `m {edeŠVrMm
Zm_m~ÔbMm AmXa gm§JyZ g_W© åhUVmV - bmoH$hmo, gwa|ÐM§ÐeoIê$Ÿ& AI§S>
Ü`mVgo hê$Ÿ& OZm{g gm§JVmo IwUmŸ& lram_ am_ ho åhUmŸ&&
AOm_oi nmnr dX| nwÌH$m_|Ÿ&
V`m _w{ŠV Zmam`oUmMo{Z Zm_|Ÿ&
ewH$mH$maU| Hw§$Q>Ur am_dmUrŸ&
_wI| ~mobVm§ »`m{V Ombr nwamUtŸ&&95Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mV {ZË`Zm_On H$aUmè`m e§H$anmd©VrM| CXmhaU
{Xb|. `m ûcmoH$mV A§Vg_`t MwHy$Z _wImZ| Zm_ Amë`m_wi| gX²J{V H$er
àmßV Pmbr `m g§~§Yr XmoZ nm¡am{UH$ CXmhaU| gm§JVmV.
AmO_oim hm H$mÝ`Hw$ãO XoemMm _yiMm gXmMmar ~«m÷U, nU _Z
AZmda Pmë`m_wio nmnr ~Zboë`m `m ~«m÷Umg XmgrnmgyZ Xhm nwÌ Pmbo.
Ë`mV gdm©§V YmH$Q>çm _wbmM| Zm§d Zmam`U hmoV|. Ë`m _wbmda Ë`mM| \$ma
ào_ hmoV|. AmgÝZ_aU pñWVtV{h Aao Zmam`Um, Aem Vmo hmH$m _mar. nU Ë`m
Zm_m_wi| {dîUwXyV `_XyVm§Zm Ë`mÀ`mda nme Q>mHy$ XoB©ZmV. Ë`m§Mm g§dmX
AOm_oimZ| Eo{H$bm d na_oœaZm_ñ_aUmM| nwÊ` OmUyZ Vmo nwT>| {daŠV d
^JdØŠV Pmbm. _aUmoÎma Ë`mbm CÎm_ J{V àmßV Pmbr. Ho$di nwÌmÀ`m
{_fmZo KS>boë`m Zm_ñ_aUmZ| Vmo {dîUynXt Jobm.
Vgo§M, qnJbm Zm§dmMr EH$ doí`m hmoVr. {VZ| EH$ nmonQ> nmibobm
hmoVm d Ë`m§Mo Zmd amKd Ag| R>o{db|. gm¡X`© Zï> Pmë`mda {Vbm H$moU
{dMmaUma ? nyd©H$_m©~Ôb {Vbm nümVmn dmQy> bmJbm d A§Vg_`t Amnë`m
amKdmMo§ nwT>| H$m` hmoUma `m H$miOr§Z| Vr amKdm, amKdm Aem hmH$m _mê$
bmJbr. `m amKdZm_m_wio§ {VM| Zm§d nwamUm§V Jm{`b| Job|. g_W© åhUVmV.
`mM Xoht J{V nmdbr Hw§$Q>UrŸ& am_Zm_ dmUr Cƒm[aVm§Ÿ&&
Ho$di A§Vg_`r {Zamù`m {_fmZ| KoVboë`m Zm_mZ| `m XmoKm§Zm
CÎm_ J{V H$er àmßV Pmbr ? Agm àý nwîH$im§À`m _Zm§V `oVmo. `mM| CÎma
kmZmo~m§Zt kmZoœar A. 11 _Ü`| AOw©ZmÀ`m _wIm§VyZ dX{db| Amh|. ^Jd§ËmmÀ`m
{dœê$nXe©ZmgmR>r CËgwH$ Pmbobm AOw©Z Ë`m§Zm åhUVmo Xodm, VwP| Am¡Xm`© gd©
ñdV§Ì åhUOo VwÂ`m _Ouda Amho. Ë`m_wi| nmÌmnmÌ{dMma _Zm§V Z Am{UVm§
n{dÌ _mojgwI Vy H$moUmbm{h XoVmog. nwÌ{_fmZ| VwP| Zm_ KoUmè`m AOm_oimg
Vy§ Amnbr VÐÿnVm {Xbrg. nwÌm Ami{dVm AOm{_imŸ& AmnUn| XogrŸ&&
(km. 11-104) Vgo§M Vy§Vo AmamYr Zm Am`Ho$Ÿ& hmoVr nw§gm ~mobm{d H$m¡VwH|$Ÿ&
{V`o d¡Hw§$R>t Vwdm§ J{UHo$Ÿ& gwadmSy> Ho$bmŸ&& (km. 11-107) VwP| JwUdU©Z
{OZ| H$Yr Eo{H$b|{h Zmht VwPt AmamYZm{h {OZ| H$Yt Ho$br Zmht, Aem
J{UHo$bm A§VH$mit {VÀ`m _wIm§VyZ nmonQ>mÀ`m {_fmZ| {ZKUmè`m VwÂ`m
Zm_m_wi| Vy d¡Hw§$R>bm^ H$ê$Z {Xbmg. `mdê$Z Ag| {XgV| H$s¨, VwPo Am¡Xm`©
ñdV§Ì Ag|M Amho. _moj hm Xwb©j AgbmVar Vmo VwÂ`m nm`mda bmoiU
KoVmo Am{U YmS>erb {VH$S>o Vmo godH$mà_mU| OmVmo. _mojw XwamamÜ`w H$sa
hmo`Ÿ& nar Vmo{h AmamYr VwPo nm`Ÿ& åhUmo{Z Ym{S>gr VoW| Om`Ÿ& nmBHw$
O¡gmŸ&& (km. 11-99) AÝ` {_fmZo KS>boë`m Zm_mZ| Oa Aer gØ{V àmßV
hmoVo Va lÕmnyd©H$ Zm_mZ| CÎm_ J{V {_iob `m§V H$m` Zdb Amho ?
208 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 209

_hm^º$ àëhmX hm X¡Ë`Hy$itŸ&
Ono am_Zm_mdir {ZË`H$mitŸ&Ÿ&
{nVm nmnê$nr V`m XoIdoZmŸ&
OZt X¡Ë` Vmo Zm_ _yI| åhUoZmŸ &&96Ÿ&&
AOm_oi d Hw§$Q>Ur `m§À`m H$Wm§Ûma| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V Zm__hmËå`
gm§{JVb|. `m ûcmoH$m§V ^ŠV àëhmXmMo CXmhaU XoD$Z Zm_àVmn dU©Z
H$aVmV.
^ŠV àëhmX hm X¡Ë`Hw$im§V OÝ_bm AgVm§{h bhmZnUmnmgyZ
AI§S> Zm_ OnV Ago. Ë`mMr hr Z¡g{J©H$ ñ_aU^{ŠV Ë`mMm {nVm Omo
{haÊ`H$í`ny Ë`mbm nmhdoZm. n§VmoOrZ| H$m` {eH${db| Agm {nË`mZ| àý Ho$bm
AgVm§ ldU§ H$sV©Z {dîUmo… ñ_aU§ nmXgodZ§Ÿ&& BË`m{X Zd{dYm ^ŠVrM|
ñdê$n Ë`mZ| gm§{JVbo. Amnë`m dJ©~§YyZm{h ¿`m h[aÀ`m Zm_mŸ& H$emg
{b{hVm§ AmoZm_mŸ&& Ag| Vmo gm§Jo. {nË`mbm Ë`mZ| Zmam`U-_mhmËå`{h gm§{JVb|;
naÝVw {haÊ`H$í`nyg V| nQ>oZm. Eoœ`© d Vnmo~bmZ| CÝ_Îm Pmboë`m Ë`m
nmnr {nË`mZ| àË`j _wbmMm N>i Ama§{^bm.
X¡Ë` d¥ÎmrÀ`m _Zwî`mg XodmM| Zm§d{h ghZ hmoV Zmht, CbQ> Ë`mMm
ÛofM AgVmo. O~aXñV Ah§H$mam_wi| Vmo B©œambm{h VwÀN> g_OVmo. V¡gm
Ah§Zm_mMo{Z _mohoŸ& B©œamMo| Zm_{h Z gmhoŸ&& (km. 16-235) _J Ë`mbm
Amnë`m _wbmZ| KoVbob| XodmM| Zmd ghZ H$g| ìhmd| ? àëhmXmÀ`m N>imZ|
Xodmbm Z¥qgh ê$n ¿`md| bmJb| `mMm C„oI gm_WmªZr nwT>o 121 ì`m ûcmoH$m§V
Ho$bm Amho.
X¡Ë`Hw$bm§V OÝ_ nmdUmè`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt B©ída^ŠVrMm A^md
AgVmo, Agm gd© gmYmaU {Z`_ gm§JyZ Ë`mbm AndmX åhUyZ àëhmXmÀ`m
ñ_aU^ŠVrMo `oWo dU©Z Ho$b| Amho. dmñV{dH$ PmS> Vg| \$i hm g¥{ï>{Z`_
Amho. Ag| AgVm§ nmnr X¡Ë` {haÊ`H$í`nyÀ`m nmoQ>t X¡dr JwUmMm àëhmX nwÌ
H$gm {Z_m©U Pmbm, Agm àíZ `oVmo. `mMo CÎma àëhmXmZ|M Amnë`m
emimgmo~Ë`m§Zm {Xb| Amho. àëhmX Ë`m§Zm gm§JVm| H$s¨, ""Amnbm {nVm
Vnü`}V {Z_¾ AgVm§Zm Amnbr _mVm H$`mYy {hbm ZmaXF$ftZt Amnë`m
Aml_m§V R>odyZ KoVb|. C{MV doit àgy{V hmoD$Z J^©ajU ìhmd|, hm Ë`m§V
hoVw hmoVm. _mÂ`m AmB©Z| Ë`m X`miy F$frMr CÎm_ godm Ho$br. Ë`m_wi| g§Vmof
dmQy>Z ZmaXm§Zt _mVoÀ`m g§gma{Zd¥ÎmrgmR>t d _bm g_Omd| åhUyZ Y_m©M|
^{º$ê$n VËd d AmË_mZmË_{ddoH$ê$n kmZ `m Xmohm|Mm {Vbm CnXoe Ho$bm.
_mVm ór Agë`m_wi| {Vbm Ë`m {df`mMm {dga nS>bm. nU Ë`m CnXoemMo
g§ñH$ma _mÂ`m _Zmda {Ma§VZ am{hë`m_wi| _bm Zmam`UmdmMyZ Xwga| H$m§ht
{XgVM Zmht.'' ho àëhmXmM| CÎma bjm§V R>odyZ J^©dVr {ó`m§Zt H$moUVo J«§W
dmMmdo d EoH$mdo `mMm ZrQ> {dMma Ho$ë`mg ^mdr {nT>rMo {hV hmoUma Zmhr
H$m ?
_wIt Zm_ Zmht V`m _w{ŠV H¢$MrŸ&
Ah§VmJwU| `mVZm Vo \w$H$mMrŸ&
nwT>| A§V `oB©b Vmo X¡Ý`dmUmŸ&
åhUmoZr åhUm ao åhUm XodamUmŸ &&97Ÿ&Ÿ&
Zm_mM| _hÎd H$ib| AJa Z H$ib| Var V| _wImZ| KoVb| Joë`mg
H$g| {hV gmYV| ho àëhmX, AOm_oi Am{U Hw§$Q>rU `m§Mt nm¡am{UH$ CXmhaU|
XoD$Z gm§{JVb|. nU _wIm§VyZ Zm_ {ZKmb|M Zmht Va Ë`mMr H$m` AdñWm
hmoVo, h| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
Á`mÀ`m _wIm§VyZ ^Jd§VmM| Zm_ H$YtM `oV Zmht Ë`mbm `m
g¥ï>rMm gÎmmYmaH$, MmbH$ d _mbH$ H$moUrVar EH$ Amho `mMr OmUrdM ZgVo.
Aem _Zwî`mMm CÕma ìhmdm H$gm ? AmnU H$moUrVar EH$ à{V{ð>V XohYmar
Amhmo `m K_|S>rVM Vmo AgVmo. Ë`m§Zm AZmË_ dñVy§Mo {H$Vrhr kmZ Agb| Var
Ë`mZ| nmoQ> ^aob, bm¡{H$H$ hmoB©b. nU _wŠVpñW{V àmá hmoUma Zmht. Agmo
gH$i H$imàdrUŸ& {dÚm_mÌ n[anyU©Ÿ& Var Vo H$m¡eë`Vm nar kmZŸ& åhUmo
{M Z`oŸ&&'' (Xm. 5-5-32) AmË_kmZm{edm` _wŠVpñW{V Zmht. ewÕ
{MÎmm{edm` AmË_kmZ Zmhr d Zm_m{edm` {MÎmewÕr Zmht. AewÕ {MÎmmM|
_mZdr OrdZ åhUOo newOrdZmhÿZ{h H${Zð> hmo`. H$maU neyÀ`m {R>H$mUt KmVH$s
XohAh§H$ma ZgVmo. nU AmnUmbm ~w{Õ_mZ g_OUmè`m _mZdmÀ`m {R>H$mUt Vmo
^anya AgVmo.
`m Ah§H$mam_wi|M \w$H$Q> hmb gmogmdo bmJVmV. _rnUmÀ`m K_|S>tV
_bm åhUOo Xohmbm gwI ìhmd| åhUyZ _mZdmMr am̧{Xdg YS>nS> AgVo. _r
_moR>m, _r gw§Xa, _r ehmUm, _mP| Ka, _mPm àn§M Ag| _t d _mP| H$aÊ`mZ|
{MÎmmbm ñdmñÏ` amhmV Zmht d Xw…I _mÌ nXat nS>V|. nwÌ H$iÌ Am{U
XmamŸ& BVwH$m{M _mZw{Z`m§ WmamŸ& {dgamoZr Jobm B©œamŸ& Vmo `oH$ _yI©Ÿ&&
(Xm. 2-1-40)
210 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 211

Xohmbm gwI ìhmd| åhUyZ AZoH$ dmgZm§À`m ZmXr bmJë`m_wi|
aOmoJwUmMr AVrd dmT> hmoVo. OoW| aOmoJwUmM| àm~ë` VoW| nwZamd¥{Îm åhUOo
nwZ… nwZ… OÝ_mbm `oU| d _aU| gwQ>V Zmht. ZoUmo{Z`m§ na_mË_mŸ& gH$i
nXmWv ào_mŸ& ~bmËH$ma| Kmbt OÝ_mŸ& Vmo aOmoJwUŸ&& (Xm. 2-5-33)
dmgZm§_wi| {MÎmmbm qMVm d aOmoJwUm_wi| nwZamd¥{Îm dmQ>çmbm `oD$ZÀ`m
`oD$Z A§Ë`g_` Ambm H$s¨ ì`m{Y, Oam BË`m{XH$m§À`m `mVZm ghZ H$amì`m
bmJVmV. Bï>{_Ì, ZmVrJmoVr ^modVr {H$Vrhr Agbr Var H$moUr H$moUmM| Xw…I
KoD§$ eH$V Zmhr d A§Vt ~amo~a `oV Zmhr. `oWrb gd© `oW|M amhV| d Omo Vmo
Amnë`m àmaãY `mVZm ^moJyZ Ambm Vgm EH$Q>mM OmVmo. OmUo bmJo A§Vt
EH$bo godQ>tŸ& doW© IQ>nQ> gm§Sy>{Z`mŸ&& AmË_{hV Job| g§gmamMo dmoT>rŸ&
A§Vr H$moU gmoS>r am_odrUŸ&& h`mVtV Zm_mZ| am_mM| nmR>~i {_i{db|
Zgë`m_wi| Aer X¡Ý`mdñWm àmá hmoVo. `mgmR>t Jm\$sb Z amhVm Xodm{YXod
lram_mMm Zm_Kmof H$ê$Z Ë`mbm Amidm.
harZm_ Zo_ñV nmfmU VmarŸ&
~hÿ Vm[abo _mZdXohYmarŸ&
V`m am_Zm_t gXm Omo {dH$ënrŸ&
dXoZm H$Xm Ord Vmo nmnê$nrŸ &&98Ÿ&&
Á`mÀ`m _wImVyZ Zm_ `oV Zmht Ë`mbm _w{ŠV Va XyaM nU
g§gmaMH«$m§V {\$aV amhmd| bmJyZ `mVZm _mÌ gmogmì`m bmJVmV, Ag| _mJrb
ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. nmÊ`m§V Ym|S>m ~wS>mdm hm g¥ï>r{Z`_ Amho, nU Vmo OS>
XhS>{h nmÊ`mda Va§Jmdm, Agm Zm_mMm àVmn Amho. Aem `m am_Zm_mH$S>o
gme§H$ d¥ÎmtZo nmhÿZ V| Z KoU| åhUOo nXat nmn KoD$Z nmfmUmhÿZ{h
hrZ R>aÊ`mgmaI| Amho, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
grVm_mB©À`m emoYm§V b§Ho$g OmÊ`mgmR>t am_Zm_ {bhÿZ d Ë`mMm
O`Kmof H$ê$Z dmZam§Zr g_wÐm§V XJS> Q>mHy$Z Ë`m§Mm nyb V`ma Ho$bm, h|
am_m`Umdê$Z H$iV|. Á`m Zm_mZ| OS> nmfmU Vabo V| Zm_ _mZdmbm VmaH$
hmoUma Zmht H$m ? V| ZH$iV KoVë`mZ| AOm_oi d Hw§$Q>rU `m§Mm CÕma
Pmbm. H$iyZ KoVë`mZ| àëhmXmgmR>t Xod AdVabm. Ago nwîH$i ^ŠV
Zm_gmYZmZ| Vê$Z Jobo. Zm_| nmfmU VaboŸ& Ag§»`mV ^ŠV CÕaboŸ& _hmnmnr
Vo{M OmboŸ& na_ n{dÌŸ&& (Xm. 4-3-18) EH$s¨ nmfmU dmD${Z CVabtŸ&
g_wÐt H$Q>H|$Ÿ&& (km. 10-36) Ag| kmZmo~m{h åhUVmV.
Aem Zm_m~Ôb Omo gme§H$ amhÿZ V| KoUma Zmht Vmo nmnrM åhQ>bm
nm{hOo. B©œamM| {dñ_aU h|M nmn. Zm_mZ| XJS> Vabo, AZoH$m§Mm CÕma
Pmbm, Ag| OmUyZ{h Á`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt ^JdËào_ CËnÞ hmoV Zmhr Vmo Ho$di
nmnrM Zìho Va àË`j XJS> Amho. XJS> hm XJS> ZgyZ ^{ŠV{dÝ_wI _Zwî` hmM
_y{V©_§V XJS> hmo`. gÚ… àË``hr XoIo{ZŸ& ^{ŠV ZwnOo Á`mMo _ZtŸ& Vmo{M
nmfmU `o OZtŸ& Zìho nmfmU nmfmUŸ&& nmfmU nm{hOo Vgm KS>{dVm§ `oVmo,
BVHo$M§ H$m` nU _y{V©ê$nmZ| Vmo Xod Pmë`mg _Zwî` {VÀ`m nm`mda Z_« hmoD$Z
S>moH|$ R>o{dVmo. _Zwî` Ogm KS>bm Omdm Vgm AmYt KS>V Zmhr d KS>bm JobmV
Va Vmo nyd© pñWVrbm Ho$ìhm§ `oB©b `mMm {Z`_ Zmht. Q>mH$sZ| Inbr \$moS>brŸ&
nar Vr _mJwVr Zmht OS>brŸ& _Zwî`mMr Hw$~wÕr Pm{S>brŸ& Var Vr nwÝhm
bmJoŸ&& (Xm. 8-6-10) nU Ag| Agb| Var OoW| YmXmÝV nmfmU Vabo VoW|
am_Zm_mZ| XohYmar _mZdnmfmU VaVrb `m§V H$m` g§e` ?
h| ûcmoH${ddaU Pmb|. nU gm_mÝ` _mUgmg h[aZm_ Zo_ñV nmfmU Vmar
Ag| gm§{JVb| Var h| gm§JU| Zm_mÀ`m Jm¡admW©, ñVw{Vna hmo` Ag|M dmQ>U|
gmh{OH$ Amho. H$maU Ver à{M{V Zmht. gmYmaU dmiyMm H$U nmÊ`m§V Q>m{H$bm
Var Vmo ~wS>Vmo, Ag| OoW| AZw^dmbm `oV|, VoW| Zm_mZ| nmfmU Vabo Ag| J§«WmYma|
Oar gm§{JVb| Var _Zm§V {dH$ën `oUmaM - _J {ddoH$mZ| àMr{V nmhmdr Agm
àMrVrMm AmJ«h YaUmao g_W© ""harZm_ Zo_ñV nmfmU Vmar'' Ag| AZw^dmbm
Z CVaUma| {dYmZ H$g| H$[aVmV, Ag| dmQ>U| gmh{OH$ Amho. `mM| CÎma Ag|
Amho H$s¨ g§Vm§Zm B©œamÀ`m H$Vw©_H$Vw©_² gm_Ï`m©Mm nwîni doim§ AZw^d Ambobm
AgVmo. åhUyZ Ë`mÀ`m AK{Q>VKQ>ZmnQw>Ëdmda Ë`m§Mm ÑT> {dœmg AgVmo. g_W©M
H$m` nU kmZmo~m VwH$mo~m H$m` åhUVmV nhm. AmYUt KmV{b`m haiŸ& hmoVr
A_¥VmMo Vm§XwiŸ& Oar ^wHo$Mr amIo doiŸ& OJÞmWwŸ&& (km. 15-23) EImÚmMr
^yH$ {ZdmaU H$amdr Ag| OJÞmWmÀ`m _Zm§V Amë`mg AmYUm§V KmVbobo
dmiyMo IS>o{h A_¥V_` Vm§Xyi hmoVmV. H$Wm Mmbbr AgVm§ EH$ _yb _¥V
Pmb|. Voìhm ^Jd§Vm§Mr H$ê$Um ^mHy$Z VwH$mo~m åhUVmV- AeŠ` V| Vwåhm§ Zmht
Zmam`UŸ& {ZOudm MoVZm AmUmd`mŸ&& BË`W© BVH$mM H$s¨ B©œamÀ`m eãXH$mofm§V
AeŠ` hm eãXM Zmhr. åhUyZ H$moUVm{h {dH$ën _Zm§V Z AmUVm§ {Z…e§H$nU|
212 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 213

am_Zm_ ¿`md|.
OJt YÝ` dmamUer nwÊ`amer Ÿ&
V`o_{O OmVm§ JVr nyd©Om§gr Ÿ&
_wI| am_Zm_mdir {ZË`H$mit Ÿ&
{Odm hrV gm§Jo gXm M§Ðm_m¡ir Ÿ&&99Ÿ&&
Zm__hmË_ Xe©{dÊ`mgmR>t _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V OS> nmfmU{h nmÊ`m§V
Vabo, Ag| am_m`Um§Vrb CXmhaU XoD$Z gm§{JVb|. `m ûcmoH$m§V Zm_mÀ`m
à^mdm_wi| EImX| ñWmZ{h nmdZ hmoD$Z nwÊ`joÌ H$g| ~ZV| h| dmamUerM|
CXmhaU XoD$Z gm§JVmV.
H$merjoÌ h| OJm_Ü`| nmdZ joÌ g_Ob| OmV|. VoW| OmUmam ñdV…
Va nmdZ hmoVmoM nU qnS>XmZm{X nwÊ` H$_m©Z| Vmo Amnë`m nyd©Om§ghr
gX²J{V àmá H$ê$Z XoVmo. lram_Zm_m_Ü`| AI§S> a§JyZ Joboë`m lre§H$amM| VoW|
dmñVd Agë`m_wi| Vmo Zm_mZ| Xw_Xw_bobm Xoe Amho. amdUdYmZ§Va gd© Xodm§Zr
à^w am_M§ÐmMr ñVw{V Ho$br. Voìhm§ lram_mMr ñVw{V H$aVm§Zm e§H$a åhUVmV,
""Ah§ ^dÞm_ J¥UÝH¥$VmWm}Ÿ& dgm{_ H$mí`m_{Ze§ ^dmÝ`mŸ&&
_w_yf©_mUñ` {d_wŠV`o@h§Ÿ& {Xem{_ _§Ì§ Vd am_ Zm_Ÿ&&'' (A. am. `w. g.
15-62) ho am_m, Amnë`m Zm_KmofmZo _r H¥$VmW© Pmbm| Amho. H$metV
^dmZrgh _r {ZË` amhVmo, _aUmoÝ_wI Pmboë`m _Zwî`mZ| _wŠV ìhmd| åhUyZ
_r VwÂ`m Zm_mMm Ë`mbm Zm__§Ì XoVm|. H$metV _¥Ë`w Amë`mg A§Vg_`r
e§H$a am_Zm_mMr OmUrd XoVmV d Ë`m_wi| _w{ŠV àmá hmoVo Aem ÑT>
{Zð>o_wio H$mer h| _w{ŠVjoÌ g_Ob| OmV|. Zm_mMm _{h_m OmUo e§H$aŸ& OZm
CnXoer {dœoœaŸ& dmamUer _w{ŠVjoÌŸ& am_Zm_| H$ê$ZrŸ&& (Xm. 4-3-15)
nU hr joÌ_w{ŠV bm^Ê`mgmR>t H$merg Job| nm{hOo d VoW| _aU
Amb| nm{hOo. h| gdmªZm ghO gmÜ` Zmht. íbmoH$m§Vrb ^mdmW©{h Vgm Zmht.
OS> Aem nmfmU d ^y_rbm{h Oa am_Zm_wi| YÝ`Ëd àmá hmoV|,
lre§H$a{h V| Zm_ ñdV… KoVmV d bmoH$m§g gm§JVmV, Va V| Zm_ Amnbm{h Img
CÕma H$arb `m lÕ|Z| V| {dH$ëna{hV KoVb| Omd| EdT>mM `m d
nyd© íbmoH$mMm ^md Amho.
`oWmgm§J ao H$_© V|hr KS>oZmŸ &
KS>o Y_© Vm| nwÊ` Jm§R>t nS>oZmŸ &
X`m nmhVm§ gd©^yVt AgoZmŸ &
\w$H$mM| _wIt Zm_ V|hr dgoZm Ÿ&&100Ÿ&&
_mJrb XmoZ ûcmoH$m§V OS> nmfmU{h Zm_mZo nmÊ`mda Vabo d OS>
^y_r{h Zm_mZ| _w{ŠVjoÌ ~Zbr Ag| gm§{JVb|. BVŠ`m AÅ>mhmgmZ| Zm_mM|
loð>Ëd AmnU H$m§ à{VnmXZ H$arV Amhm| h| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JyZ Zm_{dZm
_mZd {H$Vr {ZH¥$ï> AdñWobm nmoMVmo h| gm§JVmV.
H$m§ht nwñVH$m§V Xwga| MaU ""KS>o H$_© V| nwÊ` Jm§R>t nS>oZm'' Ag|
Amho. lr. Xodm§À`m nwñVH$m§V ""KS>o Y_© Vm| nwÊ` Jm§R>t nS>oZm'' Agm nmR> AgyZ
""Vo'' Mm _mJmhÿZ ""Vmo'' Ho$bm Amho, Ag| Vo åhUVmV. Á`m à_mU|
{d{Y`wŠV H$_© KS>md| Vg| V| KS>V Zmht, hmoV Zmht, Am{U Omo H$m§hr WmoS>m
Y_© KS>Vmo. Ë`mM| nwÊ` nXam§V nS>V Zmht. H$_© Agmo H$s¨ Y_© Agmo, XmoÝhr{h
A{d{Ynyd©H$ Pmë`mg nwÊ`g§M` H$gm hmoB©b ? H$_© åhUOo dUm©l_mZwgma
d g_mOmMm EH$ KQ>H$ åhUyZ dmQ>çmg Ambobm d¡{XH$ AmOma. Am{U Y_©
åhUOo ñdCÞVrgmR>t C{MV Aer YmaU qH$dm XmZàXmZ H$_©.
Y_© d H$_© ho XmoZ eãX BVHo$ {ZJ{S>V AmhoV H$s¨ EH$mMr gr_m
H$moR>| g§nVo d Xwgè`mMr H$moR>| gwê$ hmoVo h| {Z{üV gm§JVm `oV Zmht; BVHo$
Vo EH$ê$n AmhoV. åhUyZM ""AmMmaà^dmo Y_©…'' Ag| åhQ>b| OmV|. _Zwî`mbm
OrdZm§V {Ma§VZ gwI Agmd| Ag| dmQ>V|. V| gwI Y_m©Z|M àmá hmoV|. ""Y_m©V²
gwI_dmßZmo{VŸ&'' Á`mÀ`m_wi| gwImM| YmaU, OrdZ nmofU hmoV| Vmo Y_©. YmaUmV²
Y_© BË`mhþ… Y_m} Yma`Vo àOm…Ÿ&& `m bmoH$sM| OrdZ gwairV d gwImM| hmoD$Z
nabmoH$s¨ gX²J{V àmá hmoVo, Vmo Y_©. Y_m©_wioM CÎm_ g§V{V, AMb g§n{Îm d
A§Vt gX²J{V àmá hmoVo, Agm doXmMm {Zü` Amho. gai añË`mZ| Mmbb| AgVm§
Anm` hmoV Zmht qH$dm {Xì`mMm AmYma Agbm åhUOo R>oM bmJV Zmht.
V`mnar nmWm©Ÿ& ñdY_] amhQ>Vm§Ÿ&& gH$iH$m_nyU©VmŸ& ghO| hmo`Ÿ && (km. 2-
188)
`m loð> YmaUogmR>tM H$m§ht {d{eï> AmMmam§M| nmbZ H$amd|
bmJV|, Ë`mbm H$_© åhUVmV. Y_© hm H$_©àYmZ AgyZ gËH$_mªVyZ Y_m©Mr
KS>U hmoVo. d¡`{ŠVH$, gm_m{OH$, H$m¡Qw>§{~H$, Zm¡{VH$, nma_m{W©H$ BË`m{X gd©
{Z`_m§Mm Y_© `m eãXm§V A§V^m©d hmoVmo. åhUyZ {ZY_u amÁ`mZ| qH$dm
214 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 215

Y_©{ZanojVoZ| amï´>, ì`{ŠV, Hw$Qy>§~, g_mO, na_mW© `m§n¡H$s H$em§V{h
gwImMm ì`dhma hmoUma Zmht, H$maU OoW| Y_© Zmht VoW| gwI Zmht.
g_WmªZt _ZmMo ûcmoH$ aMë`mZ§Va AmOnmdoVm| VrZeo dfmªda H$mb
bmoQ>bm Amho. g_W©H$mbt WmoS>m~hþV Var Y_©H$_m©Mm ì`dhma Mmby hmoVm.
ñZmZg§Ü`m, nyOm, Z¡doÚ, d¡œXod, gMmoQ>rMm ì`dhma BË`m{X H$_} Mmby§ hmoVt.
Vt `Wmgm§J Z hmoU| EdT>|M Ë`m§V d¡JwÊ` hmoV|, Ag| åhUVm§ `oB©b. nU Mmby
n[apñWVtV Y_©H$_m©Mm bmonM hmoV Mmbbm Amho VoW| `Wmgm§J, nwÊ` Jm§R>t
nS>oZm, BË`m{X eãX {Zén`moJrM ZìhoV H$m ? Mmby H$mbt JrVmJ«§Wm~Ôb
nwîH$i Jm¡adna ~mobb| OmV| nU `kXmZVn…H$_© Z Ë`mÁ`§ H$m`©_od VV²Ÿ&&
(^. Jr. 18-5) `m ^JdX²dmUrH$S>o H$moU bj XoVmo ? Am_Mr AmdS> d gmo`
`m§V ~gob V| Y_©H$_©, Aer Y_m©Mr h„rMt ì`m»`m Amho. {ZË` H$_} Va Xya
amhmoV nU àmg§{JH$ Aem _§JbH$m`m©V Var Y_©, H$_©, g§ñH¥${V BË`m{XH$m§~Ôb
{Oìhmim {XgVmo H$m ? _§Jb H$m`mªZm{h Ho$di CËgdmM| ñdê$n Ambob| Zmhr
H$m ? ~Qy>bm {eIm R>odÊ`mMr bmO dmQ>Vo. AYu MÈ>r, eQ>© d H$m§hr {R>H$mUt
Va Jù`m§V Q>m`, Aem WmQ>m§V Vmo {^jobm åhUOo XoU½`m ñdrH$maÊ`mgmR>t
IwMuda ~gVmo. ñdmJVmW© d nmZgwnmar XoÊ`mgmR>t C^t Agbobr _mUg| ~moS>H$s¨.
ew^{edm©X XoÊ`mgmR>t `oUmat _mUg|{h ~moS>H$s. ~mohë`mda MT>Umam ZdaXod
gwQ>m§V {XgVmo d Vmo{h ~hþVoH$ H$mù`m a§JmMm! gd©M {dnarV, Aew^ d A_§Jb.
nU Ag| AgyZ{h h| àJVrM| bjU JUb| OmV| h| Ho$dT>| Amü`© ? nU Amü`©
Var H$gM| ? h| Vm_gr ~wÕrM| bjU hmo`, AY_ª Y_©{_{V `m _Ý`Vo
V_gmd¥VmŸ& gdm©Wm©pÝdnarVm§ü ~w{Õ… gm nmW© Vm_grŸ&& hm ì`{ŠVJV H$m¡Qw>§{~H$
AmMma Pmbm. g_mOmH$S>o nmhmd| Va nañna ào_, AmnwbH$sMm {Oìhmim H$moR>|M
Zmhr.
X`m Y_© H$m _yb h¡, `m Ñï>rZ| ^yV_mÌr X`m Var Agmdr, nU
Vr{h ZgVo. H$moUmM|{h Xw…I nmhÿZ H$idim `oU| d V| Xya H$aU| `mbm X`m
åhUVmV. gd© R>m`t X`m h| EH$ X¡dr g§nÎmrMo bjU Amho. X¡dr g§nÎmrM|
bjUŸ& ^yV_mÌt X`m nyU©Ÿ&& bhmZ Wmoa hm ^oX gmoSy>ZŸ& gXm Váa Agmd|Ÿ&&
(Zm. ^m. gy. 1035) nU hr X`m{h Amnb| åhQ>b| Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt `oVo.
gd©Ì AmË_^mdZoZ| `oV Zmhr. åhUyZ Vr X`m ZgyZ _m`m hmo`. X`m Zmht
Va Y_© åhUyZ {ZXmZ ^Jd§VmMo \w$H$Q>M| Zm_ Var _wIm§VyZ `md|.
{dîUwghòZm_m§V ^Jd§Vmbm Y_© Ag| Zmd§ Amho. Y_m} Y_©{dXwÎm_… nU EdT>m
\w$H$Q>Mm Y_©{h hmoV Zmhr. gmam§e, C{MV Y_© Zmhr, d ^JdÞm_{h Zmht.
_mZd åhUdyZ KoUmè`m OrdmMr H$moU hr Ho${dbdmUr pñW{V! H$bm¡ H$[aVmhr
Z H$amdo ñdH$_©Ÿ& Y[aVm§{h Z Yado ñdY_©Ÿ&& Z H$io H¡$g| ^yVX`md_©Ÿ&
Zm_hr \w$H$m§Mo Z `o _wItŸ&
O`m ZmdS>o Zm_ Ë`m `_ OmMrŸ&
{dH$ën| CR>| VH©$ Ë`m ZH©$ Mr MrŸ&
åhUmoZr AVr AmXa| Zm_ ¿`md|Ÿ&
_wI| ~mobVm§ Xmof OmVr ñd^md| Ÿ&&101Ÿ&&
C{MV Ag| Y_©H$_© Zmht, gdmª^yVt X`m Zmht, Am{U XodmM|
\w$H$mM| Zm_{h _wIm§V Zmht Aer Or n[apñW{V _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbr
Vr Á`mÀ`m dmQ>çmg `oVo Ë`m _mZdmMt BhnabmoH$s¨ H$er Ho${dbdmUr pñW{V
hmoVo V| `m íbmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
Y_©H$_© Va `Wmgm§J ZmhtM nU {Za{Zamio VH©${dVH©$ CËnÞ
Pmë`m_wi| g§e`J«ñV hmoD$Z Á`mbm ^JdÞm_hr AmdS>V Zmht Aem
_mZdmbm `m bmo{H$hr gwI hmoV Zmhr d _oë`mZ§Vahr `_`mVZm gmogmì`m
bmJVmV. åhUyZ "`_OmMr' Ago åhUVmV. kmZmo~m{h Amnë`m h[anmR>m§V
åhUVmV, ""hatdrU OÝ_ ZH©$Mr n¡ OmUmŸ& `_mMm nmhþUm àmUr hmo`Ÿ&&'' (h.
nm. 22) Ag| O| g§V åhUVmV Ë`mMm {dMma nmhÿ§.
gm_mÝ` _mUgmbm Ag| dmQ>V| H$s¨ ZaH$, `_`mVZm BË`m{X O|
Xw…I^moJ AmhoV Vo _aUmZ§VaM ^moJmdo bmJVmV. {Od§V AgVm§Zm Ë`m§Mm
H$m§ht g§~§Y Zmht. EH§$Xa ZaH$ AÇ>mdrg AgyZ `mVZm ^moJm§Mt Vt
{Za{Zamit ñWmZ| AmhoV, EdT>rM gm_mÝ` H$ënZm AgVo. nU Ho$di
_aUmoÎma ^moJmì`m bmJUmè`m `mVZm§ZmM g§V ZaH$ åhUV ZmhtV.
V_moJwUmMr AVrd dmT> hmoD$Z _mohJ«ñV Pmboë`m A§V…H$aUmÀ`m AdñWobm
Ho$di ZaH$ Zìho Va _hmZaH$ Ag| V| åhUVmV. AkmZmdñWm hmM
_hmZaH$. ZaH$ñV_ CÞmhmoŸ& Eogm V_mMm CÞmh CÐoH$Ÿ& Ë`m Zm§d OmU
"_hmZaH$'Ÿ& nar `_`mVZm O| Xw…IŸ& ZaH$ åhUm| Z`oŸ&& H$m_ H«$moY bmo^
XoIŸ& ho{M VrZhr {Za`Xm`H$Ÿ&& VoW| _hm_moh Amdí`H$Ÿ& Oo hmò EH$ A§YV_Ÿ&&
216 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 217

(Zm. ^m. 19-539-541)
Omo B©œa^OZ{d_wI AgVmo Ë`mbm Amnë`mda AÑí` Aem
H$mbê$nr B©œamMr A~m{YV gÎmm Amho `mMr OmUrd ZgVo, {XgUmam Xoh h|M
gmagd©ñd Ag| Ë`mbm dmQ>V|. EH$Xm§ Xoh^aU h|M Ü`o` R>ab| H$s¨ Ë`m XohmÀ`m
gwIm§V B§{Ð`m§Mo ^b^bVo bmS> nwa{dÊ`m§V Vmo Jw§J hmoVmo. H$_m©H$_© {dMma
gwQ>Vmo, dmgZm§da {Z`§ÌU Z am{hë`m_wi| H$m_H«$moYm{X f{S´>nw ~imdVmV. emó
qH$dm gmYwdMZm~Ôb Vmo g§e`J«ñV hmoVmo d Ë`m§Mr qZXm H$[aVmo BVHo$M H$m`
nU Xohmbm OÝ_, _¥Ë`w, Oam, ì`m{Y BË`m{X Xw…ImVyZ Omd| bmJUma Amho,
`mMr nwgQ> H$ënZm{h Ë`mÀ`mnwT>| `oV Zmht. Eoer Oo H$m XohAh§VmŸ& Vr Zmd
na_ _yI©VmŸ&& `_`mVZm `m ^moJyZ g§nVmV. nU V_moJwUmZ| _mohm§Y Pmbob|
A§V…H$aU OrdZm§V em§{V bm^y XoV Zmhr d OÝ__aUmÀ`m Xw…IMH«$m§V
{nMV R>odV|. OZH$amOmZ| F$ftZm {dMmaboë`m àým§V Agm EH$ àý
{dMmabm H$s¨, ^JdË^OZmMr Á`mbm AmdS> Zmht, Ë`mH$S>o Á`mZ| nmR>
{\$adbr Amho Aem _mZdmg J{V H$moUVr ? Ë`mda M_g F$fr gm§JVmV,
Oo dmgwXodt gXm {d_wIŸ& Á`mgt h[a^OZt Zmht h[aIŸ& Ë`m§Mt
Xem ho AYmo_wIŸ& A{VXw…I| Xw…I ^mo{JVrŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 5-299)
VmËn`©, ^JdÞm_mdm§MyZ _mZdr OrdZ åhUOo ZaH$M hmo`.
åhUyZ _Zm§V H$moUVm{h {dH$ën Z R>odVm _wImZ| Zm_ ¿`md|. g§V,
emó|, nwwamU| `m gdmªMr `m gmYZm~Ôb EH$dmŠ`Vm Amho h| Ü`mZm§V KoD$Z
AmXanyd©H$ lÕoZ| ^JdÞm_ ¿`md|. `m_wi| ""{J[aH§$Xar Om{`Oo Xy[a Xmof|'' h|
\$b {_iV| Ag| ûcmoH$ 92 _Ü`| gm§{JVb| Amho. ^OZm{edm` Xohm{^_mZ
gwQ>V Zmht. Xohm{^_mZ gwQ>ë`m{edm` JmT> AkmZ Xya hmoV Zmht. _mPo {ZO
^OZodrU OmUŸ& Xohm{^_mZ VwQ>oZmŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 28-393) Ag| ^JdmZ²
ñdV…M gm§JVmV. ñ_aU^{ŠV hr A{V loð> ^{ŠV Amho. ñ_aU^{ŠV
A{Vloð> Vr Zdm_mOt d[að>Ÿ& AmR>mbmJt ì`mnr J[að>Ÿ& ^JdËàoð> Vr OmUmŸ&&
(X. _. A. 1-21)
AVrbrZVm gd©^md| ñd^md|Ÿ&
OZm g‚mZmbm{J g§Vmofdmd|Ÿ&&
Xoho H$maUt gd© bmdrV Omd|Ÿ&
gJyUt AVr AmXa|gr ^Omd|Ÿ &&102Ÿ&&
ûcmoH$ 80 Vo 100 n`ªV {Za{Zamù`m àH$ma| Zm__hmËå` gm§{JVbo.
VH©$Hw$V©H$ H$ê$Z {dH$ënmZ| Zm_ Z KoUmè`mMr Bhna bmoH$s¨ N>rWy hmoD$Z
AYmoJ{V hmoVo d ào_nyd©H$ Zm_ KoUmam {ZXm}f d gmpÎdH$ hmoVmo, Ag| íbmoH$
101 _Ü`| gm§{JVb|. `m d nwT>rb H$mhr ûbmoH$m§V Zm_gmYZ à^mdr
hmoÊ`mgmR>r gmYH$m§Z| H$moUVr nÏ`| gm§^mimdrV ho gm§JVmV.
A{V Z_« amhÿZ bmoH$m§Zm d {deofV… g‚mZm§Zm Amnë`mnmgyZ gwI
hmoB©b, Ag| _ZmnmgyZ dmJmd|. BVH|$M Zìho Va Amnë`m_wi| Xwgè`mbm
g_mYmZ ìhmd| Agm Amnbm ghO ñd^md åhUOo g§ñH$ma Agmdm. brZVm
Agbr åhUOo Amnë`m {R>H$mUt Agboë`m JwUm§Mm AWdm kmZmMm Ah§H$ma
amhmV Zmht d {Zah§H$mamnU| ñdm^m{dH$ bmoH$godm hmoVo. `m {Zah§H$ma
bmoH$god|VyZ gdmªH$S>o AmË_dV² nmhÊ`mM| _Zmbm diU bmJV|. àg§J OmUmo{Z
~mobmd|Ÿ& OmUnU H$m§htM Z ¿`md|Ÿ& brZVm Yê$Z Omd|Ÿ& OoWVoW|Ÿ&& (Xm.
15-6-23) `mà_mU| gd© bmoH$m§er dmJmd|. nU g‚mZm§Zm g§Vmof dmQ>ob Ag|
dmJÊ`m~Ôb {deof I~aXmar ¿`mdr.
g‚mZ åhUOo ^JdËnam`U, kmZr g§V. Aem g§Vm§Zm H$m`mdmMm_Z|
{POyZ OodT>| g_mYmZ XoVm§ `oB©b VodT>| Úmd|. Ë`m§M| _ZmoJV AmoiIyZ
dmJmd|. H$maU Ë`m§À`m A§V…H$aUm§V Amnë`m~Ôb ào_ CËnÞ hmoÊ`m§V Amnë`m
CÕmamM| ~rO AgV|. àg§Jr Amnë`m {ZË` gmYZm§V ì`Ë`` Ambm Var Mmbob,
nU Ë`m§Mo g_mYmZ amImd|. H$maU na_mWm©bm Amdí`H$ Aem H$_©, ^{ŠV,
kmZm{X gmYZm§À`m A^mdr Ho$di gËg§JmZ| CÕma Pmë`mMt AZoH$ CXmhaU|
AmhoV. ^Jd§V CÕdmbm åhUVmV Z H$[aVm§ gmYZ ì`wËnÎmrŸ& Ho$di OmU
gËg§JVrŸ& _O nmdbo ZoU| {H$VrŸ& V| _r VwOàVr gm§JoZŸ&& (Zm. ^m.
12-63) g§V ho g¥ï>r_Ü`| dmdaUmè`m ^Jd§VmÀ`m _yVu hmoV. ^Jd§VmÀ`m
_Zm§V Amë`mg Og| H$moUV|hr H$m`© KSy>§ eH$V|, Vg|, g‚mZm§À`m _Zm§V Amb|
H$s¨ Vo H$moUmMm{h CÕma H$ê§$ eH$VmV. V`mnar lrJwéŸ& H$[aVr O¢
A§JrH$mê$Ÿ& V¢ hmoD${Z R>mHo$ g§gméŸ& _moj_` AmKdmŸ&& (km. 15-24)
`mgmR>t g‚mZm§bmJt g§Vmofdmd|.
g‚mZg§VmofmW© _ZmnmgyZ, Z_«nU| {POÊ`m§V ZaXohmMr gmW©H$Vm
Amho. nag§VmofmgmR>t {POU| åhUOoM Xoh H$maUr§ bmdU| hmo`. ñdmWm©gmR>r
H$moUr{h H$m`mdmMm_Z|, YZ| {POVmo hm ghO ñd^md Amho. nU
nag§VmofmgmR>r {POÊ`mMr {eH$dU Úmdr bmJVo. eara namonH$mat bmdmd|Ÿ&
218 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 219

~hþVm§À`m H$m`m©g `md|Ÿ& CU| nS>m| ZoXmd|Ÿ& H$mo{U`oH$mM|Ÿ&& (Xm. 12-10-5)
gd©^yV{hVaV AgU| h| EH$ na_mWm©M| gmYZ Amho. `mZo gd©bmoH$_hoœamM|
nyOZ hmoD$Z Vmo g§Vwï> hmoVmo. åhUyZ Xoh H$maUt bmJVmo. earamg ~a| Ho$b|Ÿ&
V| AmË_`mg nmdb|Ÿ& eara`moJ| Omb|Ÿ& g_mYmZŸ&& (Xm. 13-9-37)
AZoH$ _mUg| OZVmOZmX©ZmMr godm `m Jm|S>g Zm§dmImbr
g_mOgodm H$[aVmV. nU Ë`m§V bm¡{H$H$, _mÝ`Vm, ñdbm^, nañnagmhmæ`mMr
AnojVm, à{g{Õ Ago AZoH$ hoVw AgVmV. {Z…ñn¥hVm Am{U ^{ŠV `m§Mm
A^md Agbobr bmoH$godm nwÊ`H$maH$ hmoB©b nU _mojXm`H$ hmoUma Zmht. `m
ûcmoH$m§V brZVm, gd©^md|, ñd^md| ho g_WmªZr `moObobo eãX \$ma _hÎdmMo
AmhoV. Z_«nUo, _ZmnmgyZ, AmË_dV² boIyZ nag§Vmof gmYmd`mMm Agob
Va Ë`m_mJ| ^ŠVrMm {Oìhmim nm{hOo. XodmMm g§~§Y bjm§V KoD$Z
godmê$nmZ| {dœmet Pmbobr gmo`arH$ na_mWm©bm nmofH$ hmoVo. åhUyZ gJwUt
^Omd|.
Amnë`m {R>H$mUt Agboë`m öX`ñW AmË_mam_ê$nr am_mM| ào_mZ|
^OZ H$amd|. Ë`m gdm©Ë_H$ M¡VÝ`mM| gJwU, gmH$ma, í`m_gw§Xa am_ê$nmZ|
ñ_aU H$amd|, S>moù`mZ| gJwU _yVuMo Xe©Z ¿`md|, H$mZmZ| JwUmZwdmX EoH$mdo,
_ñVH$mZ| Z_Z H$amd|, hmVmZ| nyOZ H$amd|, _ZmZ| Ü`mZ Yamd|, Ë`mMà_mU|
namMo JwUXmof Z nmhVm§ Ë`mM am_mM| gd© ^yVm§À`m {R>H$mUt Xe©Z KoÊ`mMm
Aä`mg H$amdm. EH$m§VmV öX`ñW am_mM| ñ_aU d bmoH$m§V Ë`mM|M
bmoH$_hoœaXe©Z Agm OmoS> Aä`mg Pmbm åhUOoM Z_«nUmZ|, _ZmnmgyZ,
AmË_dV², nag§Vmof amIÊ`mM| _Zmbm diU `oV|. _yV©am_ {dœì`mnH$ hmoVmo.
^ŠVrZ| na~«÷ Zm_ê$nmbm `oV|. gJwU ~«÷ Ü`mZ| _ZŸ& erK« hmoB© gmdYmZŸ&
_J {ZañVmonm[Y H$ënZŸ& ñdmË_Ü`mZ ñ\w$aVgoŸ&& (X. _. 1-19) `mà_mU|
gJwU nmhVm§ _wimg JobmŸ& ghO{M {ZJw©U nmdbm.... && (Xm. 18-8-23)
Ag| hmoV| d ZaXohmM| gmW©H$ hmoV|.
g_mOgodH$ d na_mW©gmYH$ `m XmoKm§Zm{h hm ûcmoH$ \$ma
_hÎdmMm Amho. g_mOgodH$ hm OZV|Vrb OZmX©Z _mZVmo. nU ñdV…V qH$dm
_§{XamV Agboë`m Ë`mM XodmM| ApñVËd {dgaVmo. ^OZerb gmYH$
ñdV…Vrb qH$dm _§{Xam§Vrb Xod _mZVmo, nU Ë`mM OZV|Vrb OZmX©Zmbm
{dgaVm|. `m_wi| EH$mM| ñdV…Vrb AmË_mam_mH$S>o Xwb©j hmoV| d EH$mM|
OZVmOZmX©ZmH$S>o Xwb©j hmoV|. Aer XmoKm§Mrhr ^{ŠV EH$m§Jr åhUyZ AnyU©M
amhVo. `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVë`mà_mUo gmYZ Pmë`mg XmoKoht n[anyU© {Z…ñn¥h
^ŠV hmoD$Z ñdna g_mYmZ gmYVrb.
harH$sV©Zr àr{V am_t YamdrŸ&
Xoho~w{Õ Zrê$nUr drgamdrŸ&
naÐì` AmUrH$ H$m§Vm namdrŸ&
`XWu _Zm gm§{S> Ordt H$amdrŸ &&103Ÿ&&
gJwU ê$nm§Mo ào_mZ| ^OZ H$arV AË`§V Z_« amhÿZ OZg‚mZm§Mo gd©
àH$ma| g_mYmZ amImd| d Xoh gmW©H$s¨ bmdmdm, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVb|. hm nag§Vmof ghOnUo H$gm gmYVm `oVmo `mMm {dMma `m ûcmoH$m§V
gm§JVmV.
ñdg§Vmof d nag§Vmof gmYÊ`mMm CÎm_ _mJ© åhUOo h[aH$sV©Z
qH$dm {Zê$nU H$aU| hm hmo`. `m_wio ñdg§Vmof, nag§Vmof d ^{ŠV _mJm©Mm àgma
Agm {Vhoar bm^ hmoVmo. h[aH$sV©Z| H$amdtŸ& {Zê$nU| _mOdmdtŸ& ^ŠVr_mJ}
bmOdmdtŸ& qZXH$ XwO©Z|Ÿ&& (Xm. 2-9-18) H$sV©Zo åhUOo ^Jd§VmÀ`m
gJwU ê$nmM| JwUdU©Z, gJwUH$Wm `m Zm§d {H$V©Z. H$sV©ZmV ^Jd§VmÀ`m
{Za{Zamù`m AdVmam§Mr H$Wm gm§Jmdr. Vg|M Ë`mMo `e, H$s{V©, àVmn,
_{h_m `m§Mo dU©Z H$amd|. Ë`m~amo~aM ^{ŠV, kmZ, d¡am½`, Zr{V, Ý`m`
`m g§~§Yr ~mobmd|; _y{V© Agob Va VoW| H$sV©ZM H$amd|. gJwU_yVunwT>o
^md|Ÿ& H$éUmH$sV©Z H$amd|Ÿ&& (Xm. 14-5-12) H$sV©Z H$arV AgVm§ qH$dm
V| EoH$V AgVm AZwg§YmZ R>odyZ am_ê$nm§V ào_mZ| a§JyZ OmU| hm _hÎdmMm
^mJ Amho. dŠVm hm ê$nm§V a§JyZ Ooìhm§ ~mobVmo Am{U lmoVm EH$mJ« {MÎmmZo
EoH$Vmo Voìhm§M H$sV©Zm§V a§J ^aVmo. åhUOo dŠVmg_mYmZ nmdVmo, lmoVo ào_mZ|
S>moby§ bmJVmV d dmVmdaU AmZ§X_` hmoV|. Ü`mZt Jw§Vb| _ZŸ& H¡$M| AmR>dob
OZŸ& {Z…e§H$ {Zb©‚m H$sV©ZŸ& H$[aVm§ a§J _mOoŸ&& (Xm. 14-5-27) Ag|
H$sV©Z ^Jd§Vmbm {à` Agë`m_wi| Ë`mM| gmjm§V dmñVì` VoW| AgV|.
_J AmZ§Xmbm H$m` VmoQ>m ?
AÛ¡V åhUOo {Zê$nUŸ& {Zê$nUm§V {ZamH$ma {ZJw©U na~«÷mM|
à{VnmXZ H$amd|. V|M EH$ gd©Ì gdm©Yma Amho, VX²ì`{V[aŠV AÝ` H$mht
Zmht Ag| AÛ¡V kmZ ~mobmd|. {Zê$nUm§V dŠË`mZ| Xoh~w{Õ {dgê$Z åhUOo
220 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 221

kmZmMm A{^_mZ Z Y[aVm§, Z_«nU| {gÕmÝVdmŠ`mda ~mobmd| nyd© njmda
\$mb ~moby§ Z`o. H$maU H$m§ht doim lmoVo nyd©njM Iam _mZyZ {dnarV g_OyV
~miJyZ amhVmV. åhUyZ {Zê$nUm§V AÛ¡V {gÕmÝVmM| ñnï>rH$aU H$amd|,
ewÕ~«÷kmZ ~mobmd|. OoW| _y{V© ZgyZ g‚mZ {dÛmZ lmoVo AgVrb VoW| {Zê$nU
H$amd| nU gJwU CÀN>oXyZ {ZJw©U ~moby Z`o. `mà_mU| g_WmªZt Xmg~moYm§V H$sV©Z
d {Zê$nU `m§M| ñdê$n ñnï> Ho$b| Amho. gJwUH$Wm `m Zm§d H$sV©ZŸ&
AÛ¡V åh{UOo {Zê$nUŸ& gJwU ajyZ {ZJw©UŸ& ~mobV Omd|Ÿ& (Xm. 4-2-23)
_yVu ZñVm§ gJwUŸ& ldUt ~¡gbo gmYwOZŸ& Var AÛ¡V{Zê$nUŸ& Adí`
H$amd|Ÿ&& (Xm. 14-5-19) `mà_mU| H$Yt H$sV©Z d H$Yt {Zê$nU H$ê$Z
gJwU ào_m§V qH$dm {ZJw©U ~moYm§V a§JyZ Omd|. nU EH$ YmoaU Ag| Agmd| H$s¨
H$sV©Z Agmo AJa {Zê$nU Agmo dMZ| dmCJt doXZmŸ& dmda| {dda| dgoZmŸ&
dŠV¥Ëd| {Zddr OZmŸ& {d{ZV hmodmoZrŸ&& (Xm. 14-4-29) dmda| {dda|
åhUO| ^bV| gbV|; ^bV| gbV| H$mhr Z ~mobVm§ AWm©bm Yê$Z JmoS> d
Z_« ^mfoZ| bmoH$m§Zm g§Vmof Úmdm. CÎmamYmªV nwT>| gm§JVmV H$s¨,
ho _Zm, naÐì`, naór `m§À`m~Ôb nwgQ> H$ënZm{h R>ody§ ZH$mo ~a|.
H$sV©Z qH$dm {Zê$nU `m§À`mer naór AWdm naYZ `m§Mm g§~§Y H$m`, Aer
e§H$m `oB©b. {VM| g_mYmZ Ag| Amho H$s¨ {H$V©Z qH$dm {Zê$nU `m§V a§J ^ê$Z
AmZ§X_` dmVmdaU amhmd`mM| Pmë`mg dŠVm d lmoVo ho à{VnmÚ {df`mer
g_ag Agmdo bmJVmV. `m g_agVoMm ^§J H$aUmat qH$dm {VÀ`m AmS> `oUmar
naór d YZ ht XmoZ {d¿Z| AmhoV. dŠË`mÀ`m _Zm§V Ðì` bmo^ Agob Va
ào_mZo H$sV©Z hmoV Zmht. XodmÀ`m EodOt lmoË`m§Mr ñVw{VñVmoÌ| JmBbt OmVmV d
Y{ZH$m§H$S>o qH$dm H$_rOmñV g_yhmH$S>o bj doYb| OmV|. Ðì`mgmR>t qhS>mo
Z`oŸ& {H$V©Z H$arVŸ&& (Xm. 14-1-45) _mob| H$sV©Z H$ê§$ Z`oŸ& H$moR>|VarŸ&&
(Xm. 14-1-55) Ðì`mÀ`m AnojoZ| H$sV©Z H$aU| hm nmoQ>mMm Y§Xm hmoVmo.
Vg|M {ó`m§H$S>o Ñ{ï> R>odyZ e§¥Jm[aH$ H$sV©Z qH$dm hmd^md H$ê§$ Z`oV.
Ë`m§VyZM ~wdm~mOr CËnÞ hmoVo d na_mWm©~Ôb qH$dm ^ŠVr~Ôb bmoH$m§V
{ZîH$maU AZmXa CËnÞ hmoVmo. åhUyZ dŠË`mZ| `m XmoZ Jmoï>t{df`t H$Q>mjmZ|
A{bá Agmd|.
`mMà_mU| lmoË`mM|{h H$sV©Z{df`mH$S>oM bj Agmd|, ~m`H$m§H$S>o
qH$dm Xwgè`mÀ`m {IemH$S>o Zgmd|. Ë`m§Zt EH$mJ« {MÎmmZ| ldUmW© H$sV©Zmg
Omd|. Ë`m§V ldU^{ŠV hmM hoVw Agmdm. ZmhtVa Ago hmoV| H$s¨ {df`r bmoH$
ldUt `oVrŸ& Vo ~m`H$m§H$S>oM nmhVrŸ& MmoaQ>o bmoH$ Mmoê$Z ZoVrŸ& nmXajmŸ&&
(Xm. 18-10-26) naYZ d naór `m§Mr H$sV©Zmer `m Ñï>rZ| g§~§Y Amho.
`m XmoZ Jmoï>t_wi| ldU^{ŠV Va hmoV ZmhrM nU nwÝhm OÝ_md| bmJV|.
H$m§MZm§M| Ü`mZ naór qMVZŸ& OÝ_mgr H$maU hoMr XmoÝhrŸ&& (ñ\w$. ûcmoH$)
åhUyZ ~m _Zm, `m XmoZ Jmoï>tMm gX¡d Ë`mJ H$a.
{H«$`odrU ZmZmnat ~mo{bOoV|Ÿ&
nar {MÎm XwürM V| bmOdrV|Ÿ&
_Zm H$ënZm YrQ> g¡amQ> YmdoŸ&
V`m _mZdm Xod H¡$go{Z nmdoŸ &&104Ÿ&&
naÐì` d naZmar `m§À`m~Ôb _Zm§V nwgQ>{h H$ënZm Z R>odVm
ào_mZ| H$sV©Z H$amd| d {Zah§H$manUo {Zê$nU H$amd|. Aem H$sV©Z {Zê$nUmÀ`m
`moJmZ| ñdg§Vmof amhÿZ nag§Vmof{h amIVm§ `oVmo, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVb| hm ñdnag§Vmof amIÊ`mgmR>r dŠË`mZ| Ho$di dŠVì` H$ê$Z
MmbV Zmht, ~mobÊ`mgmaIr Ë`mMr {H«$`m nm{hOo, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V
gm§JVmV.
{H«$`o{edm` dŠV¥Ëd h| ñdV…À`m{h Cn`moJr hmoV Zmhr d
Xwgè`mda{h N>mn nmS>V Zmht. CnXoe H$aUmam hm ~mobë`mà_mU| ñdV…
dmJUmam nm{hOo. Vgm Vmo Zgob Va Ë`mM|M _Z Ë`mbm ImV|, `m_wi| Vmo
ñdV… Ag_mYmZr amhVmo. Ë`mÀ`m CnXoemMm {ddoH$s _Zmda{h n[aUm_ hmoV
Zmht. H$maU Ho$di namonXoeo nm§{S>Ë` bmoH$m§Zm éMV Zmht. {H«$`odrU
eãXkmZŸ& V|{M œmZmM| d_ZŸ& ^bo VoW| AdbmoH$ZŸ& H$Xm{n Z H$[aVrŸ&&
(Xm. 12-10-30) ~mobo V¡gm Mmbo Agm dŠVm bmoH$m§Zm AmdS>Vmo.
AmVm dŠË`mZo ~mobÊ`mnydu {H«$`m H$amdr åhUOo H$amd| Var H$m`
Agm àý `oVmo. `mM| CÎma Ag| Amho H$s¨ H$sV©ZH$ma hm M[aÍ`g§nÞ nm{hOo.
Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt B§{Ð`{ZJ«h nm{hOo. Vmo ^{ŠV, kmZ, d¡am½`mg§~§Yr Xwgè`mg
CnXoe H$arV Agë`m_wio Vmo ñdV… ^ŠV, kmZr, {daŠV nm{hOo. Xwgè`mbm
ZrVrMo YS>o {eH${dUmam ñdV… Zr{V_mZ nm{hOo. gXmMma d CËH$Q> ^ŠVrZ|
B©eH¥$nm Pmbr åhUOo dŠË`mÀ`m dmUtV àgmX CËnÞ hmoVmo Am{U Vr
àgm{XH$ dmUr bmoH$_Zm§V éOVo. XodmMoZ àgÞnU|Ÿ& Oo. O| KS>o ~mobU|Ÿ&
222 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 223

V| V| AË`§V ûcm¿`dmU|Ÿ& `m Zm§d àmgm{XH$Ÿ&& (Xm. 14-3-6) åhUyZ dŠVm
AmMmag§nÞ Agmdm.
ho _Zm, ñdV… Amnbr {H«$`m H$er hmoV Amho h| Z nmhVm§ Ho$di
H$ënZoÀ`m ^amè`m _mê$Z ~mobV gwQ>U| hm hrZ {ddoH$ hmo`. ~mobU| EH$ MmbU|
EH$Ÿ& Ë`mM| Zmd hrZ {ddoH$Ÿ& `oU| H$[aVm gH$i bmoH$Ÿ& hmgm| bmJVrŸ&&
(Xm. 12-7-3) Aem hrZ {ddoH$mZo AmË_kmZ H$g| hmoB©b d Xod Var H$gm
nmdob ?
{Vgè`m MaUm§V ""H$ënZm YrQ> g¡amQ> Ymdo'' Ago eãX AmhoV.
Xmg~moYm§V YrQ>, nmR>, àmgm{XH$ Ago H${dËdmMo VrZ àH$ma gm§{JVbo AmhoV.
H$sV©ZmV dŠVm Amnë`m _Zmbm `oB©b Ë`mà_mU| ~moby§ bmJbm qH$dm H${dËd
H$ê§$ bmJbm Va Ë`mbm Xod H$gm nmdob ? YrQ> H${dËd åhUOo {YQ>mB©Z| _Z
_mZob Vg| Ho$bob| H${dËd. Ë`m§V emñÌàm_mÊ` ZgV| qH$dm ^{ŠV,
kmZd¡am½`mMm Amobmdm ZgVmo. YrQ> åh{UOo YrQ>nU| Ho$b|Ÿ& O| O| Amnë`m
_Zmg Amb|Ÿ&& (Xm. 14-3-8) {Za{Zamù`m {dMmam§V qH$dm dmgZm§V Jw§VyZ
^aH$Q>bob| _Z XodmÀ`m {R>H$mUt EH$mJ« hmoV Zmht. _Z Ombo H$m_mH$maŸ&
V¡go{M {ZK{V CX²JmaŸ& YrQ>nmR>| nanmaŸ& nm{dOoV ZmhtŸ&& (Xm. 14-3-12)
{ddoH|$ {H«$`m Amnwbr nmbQ>mdrŸ &
AVr AmXa| ewÕ H«$s`m YamdrŸ &
OZt ~mobÊ`mgm[aI| Mmb ~mnmŸ &
_Zm H$ënZm gmo{S> g§gmaVmnmŸ &&105Ÿ&&
{H$V©ZH$ma qH$dm {Zê$nUH$ma ñdV… H$mht gmYZ Z H$[aVm§
VËdkmZmMm bmoH$m§Zm CnXoeM H$arV am{hbm Va Ë`m_wi| Ë`mMr Ë`mbmM
_ZmV bmO dmQy>§ bmJVo. Vg|M _Z _mZob Vg| Aemór` Ag| Vmo ~mobV gwQ>bm
Va Ë`m_wi| Ë`mbm B©œa àmár{h hmoV Zmht, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbo. åhUyZM
CnXoeH$mM| ~mobU| `mo½` åhUOo emómbm AZwgê$Z nm{hOo d Ë`m ~mobmà_mU|
Ë`mM| ñdV…M| dmJU| nm{hOo, Ago `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
~mobUo Agmo H$s¨ MmbU| åhUOo {H«$`m Agmo Ë`m_mJ| gw{dMma hm
AgbmM nm{hOo. A{dMmamZ| H$mht{h H$aU| `mo½` Zìho. àn§Mm§V{h O| O|
{dMmamZ| Ho$b| OmV| V| V| bmoH$_mÝ` hmoV| d Ë`m_wi| ñdnagwI bm^V|.
na_mWm©V Va {ddoH$ Adí` nm{hOo. A{d{dH$mZ| hmoUmè`m na_mWm©_wi| YS>
àn§M{h ZrQ> hmoUma Zmht d na_mW©{h gmYUma Zmhr. AVmo ^«ï>ñVVmo^«ï>…
Aer pñWVr hmoB©b. `mgmR>t {dMma|drU ~mobm| Z`oŸ& {dd§MZo{dU Mmbm| Z`oŸ&&
(Xm. 2-2-4) h| gwÌ bjm§V R>odb| nm{hOo.
{ddoH$ åhUOo gmamgma qH$dm {ZË`m{ZË` {dMma. àW_V…
ewÕ {H«$`m H$moUVr h| {dMmamZ| R>a{db| nm{hOo. Z§Va Vr ñdV… Ho$br nm{hOo
d _J CnXo{ebr nm{hO|. ewÕ {H«$`m åhUOo dUm©l_mbm AZwgê$Z hmoUmar
C{MV {H«$`m, BhanbmoH$s¨ H$ë`mU ìhmd| åhUyZ doX_mCbrZ| gm§{JVbobr d
loð>m§Zr AmMmabobr {H«$`m Vr ewÕ {H«$`m. AmnU H$ê§$ VmoM H$m`Xm, gm§Jy
VmoM Y_© H$ê§$ V|M H$_© Ag| Zgmd|. Amnbr {H«$`m C{MV hmoV Zgob Va
Ë`m~Ôb {dMma H$ê$Z, Y_©~mø {H«$`oMm Ë`mJ H$ê$Z Y_m©bm _mÝ` Aem
ewÕ {H«$`oMm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm nm{hOo. Aer {dMmanyd©H$ {H«$`m KS>br åhUOo
Ë`m§V e§H$m amhmV Zmhr, Ë`m§V ào_ CËnÞ hmoV| d AmË_{hV gmYV|. {ddoH|$
VwQ>o AZwXmZŸ& {ddoH|$ hmò g_mYmZŸ& {ddoH|$ AmË_{ZdoXZŸ& _moj bm^oŸ&&(Xm.
9-9-39)
`mà_mU| ewÕ AmMma ñdV… nmiyZ Xwgè`mg gm§Jmdm. Á`m {H«$`|V
~mobÊ`mMm Am{U MmbÊ`mMm _oi AgVmo Vr CÎm_ {H«$`m hmo`. ~mobmEog|
dVm] OmUoŸ& CÎm_ {H«$`mŸ&& (Xm. 19-4-8) íbmoH$ 103 nmgyZ H$sV©Z
qH$dm {Zê$nUmbm AZwgê$Z ~mobÊ`mà_mU| {H«$`m Agmdr, Agm _Zmbm
CnXoe Mmby Amho. åhUyZ AmoKmbm AZwgê$Z Mm¡Ï`m MaUm§Mm AW© bmdU| `mo½`
dmQ>V|.
H$sV©Z-{Zê$nUm{XH$m§V VÎdkmZ ~mobUmao nwîH$i AgVmV. V|
OrdZm§V CVa{dÊ`mgmR>t {H«$`m H$aUmao \$ma WmoS>o bmoH$ AgVmV. Aem§Zt
Amnë`m _Zmet {hVJwO H$amd| H$s¨ ho _Zm, Vy§ Zoh_r ~mobVmog H$s¨ g§gma hm
H$ënZm_` Amho, ñdßZdV² Amho åhUyZ {_Ï`m Amho. Ë`m§Vrb gwIXw…Io{h
H$ënZmoËnÞ AgyZ {_Ï`m AmhoV. AmVm§ `m ~mobÊ`mà_mU| Vwbm Oa AZw^d
nm{hOo Agob Va Vwbm H$ënZmVrV hmoÊ`mÀ`m Aä`mgmMr {H«$`m H$amd`mg
ZH$mo H$m ? àW_ AewÕ H$ënZm ewÕ H$ënZoZ| Zmhrer Ho$br nm{hOo d ewÕ
H$ënZm{h {dê$Z OmÊ`mgmR>t ñdê$nmZwg§YmZ nm{hOo. H$ënZogr {_Ï`Ëd Amb|Ÿ&
ghO{M VÐÿn Omb|Ÿ& AmË_{Zü`| Zm{gb|Ÿ& H$ënZogrŸ&& (Xm. 7-5-40) `m
Aä`mg{H«$`o{edm`, g§gma {_Ï`m Amho Ag| O| Vy§ à{VnmXZ H$[aVmog, Ë`mbm
224 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 225

H$mht AW© amhUma Zmhr. ~S>~S>rnojm§ VwÂ`m d Xwgè`mÀ`m nXam§V AÝ`
H$m§ht nS>Uma Zmhr. ~mobmo{Z`m _wI| V¡gr {H«$`m H$arŸ& YÝ` Vmo g§gmar
~«÷kmZrŸŸ&& ~«÷kmZrŸ& ^bm dVw©UwHo$nmgrŸ& H$moaS>çm eãXmgr H$moU nwgoŸ&&
~ar ñZmZg§Ü`m H$ar `oH${Zð>m Ÿ&
{ddoH|$ _Zm Amdar ñWmZ^«ï>m Ÿ&
X`m gd©^yVt O`m _mZdmbm Ÿ&
gXm ào_iy ^{ŠV^md| {Zdmbm Ÿ&&106Ÿ&&
Amnbm ñdV…Mm AmMma ewÕ H$moUVm h| {ddoH$mZ| R>adyZ Vmo ñdV…
nmimdm d _J Vmo bmoH$m§g gm§Jmdm. Ë`mMà_mU| H$sV©Zm{XH$m§V O| VÎdkmZ
AmnU ~mobVmo V| ñdê$nmZwg§YmZmÀ`m Aä`mgmZ| àW_ ñdV… AZw^dmd| d _J
bmoH$m§g Ë`mMm CnXoe H$amdm, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V _Zmg gm§{JVb|. h|
ñdê$nmZwg§YmZ gwb^ hmoÊ`mgmR>t _Zmbm Amdê$Z dUm©l_mbm AZwgê$Z
g§Ü`md§XZm{X ñdH$_© H$amd|. Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
_Z h| A{VM§Mb d {df`mH$S>o Ymd KoUma| B§{Ð` Amho. Ë`mbm
{dMmamZ| ñdH$_m©H$S>o didmd|. B©œamMm CÔoe bjm§V KoD$Z Ë`mZ|
Amnë`mgmR>t `mo{Obob| H$_© \$bmem gmoSy>Z VËàrË`W© Ho$ë`mg {MÎm ewÕ
hmoV| d ewÕ {MÎm _yi ñdê$nm§V {dê$Z OmV|. B©œamoÔoe| H$_© H$[aVm§Ÿ& {MÎmm
`o ewÕVmŸ&& dmñV{dH$ dUm©l_`wŠV Aem H$_mªV a_yZ amhÊ`m§V _mZdmM| {hV
Amho. na§Vw O| {hVmM| VodT>|M _Zmbm ZH$mo AgV|. åhUyZ V| {ZîH$m_ ñdY_©H$_©
VodT>| Q>miV| d AÝ` H$moUË`m Var _mJmªV ^Q>H$V amhV|. `mgmR>t {dMmamZ|
_Zmbm AÝ` _mJm©nmgyZ naVdyZ ñdH$_mªV `mo{Ob| nm{hOo.
ñdH$_mªV g§Ü`obm \$ma _hÎd Amho. g_W© åhUVmV, ñZmZg§Ü`m
EH${Zð>m ~ar H$am. g§Ü`mH$_© h| AË`§V lÕmnyd©H$ ~a| H$amd|. ~a| åhUOo Ag|
H$s AmM_Z gwê$ Pmb| H$s àmn§{MH$ {df`m§VyZ _Z {ZKyZ H$_© nyU© hmoB©n`ªV V|
^Jd{Þð> amhmd|. Ag| Pmë`mg AÝ` H$moUmË`m{h gmYZ_mJm©Mr Amdí`H$Vm
Zmht, Ag| h| ñd`§nyU© gmYZ Amho. ZmW åhUVmV, ""{dÜ`wŠV H$[aVm§
g§Ü`mñZmZŸ& VoW|{M Amho ~«÷kmZŸ& AmM_Zt hmo` h[aê$n AmnUŸ& h|
ZoUmo{Z AkmZ AmJ_t ^aVrŸ&&'' (Zm. ^m. 3-813) {Xdgm§M| nmn amÌr
amhÿ Z`o, amÌtM| nmn {Xdgm amhÿ§ Z`o. Ag| XwîH$_mªMm j` H$aUma| h| H$_©
Amho. Jm`Ìr hm _§Ì ~wÕrMr VoOpñdVm dmT>{dUmam Amho. EHo$ {R>H$mUt åhUOo
öX`m§V Cnm{gbobm na_oœa Omo Xe{Xem ì`mnyZ gd© {R>H$mUt Amho Ë`mg
A{^dmXZ ìhmd| Aer `m§V ì`dñWm Amho. g§Ü`m åhUOo gy`©ê$nmZ| hmoUmar hr
~«÷monmgZm Amho. VX²~«÷ na_§ {ZË`§Ÿ& Ü`o`§ `V² gy`©_§S>boŸ&
g{dVw…gH$bmoËn{Îm…Ÿ& pñW{V g§hmaH$maU…Ÿ&& gy`© _§S>bm_Ü`| pñWV Agboë`m
`m Zmam`UmMr Jm`Ìr_§ÌmZ| CnmgZm Pmë`mg Xwga| H$m§hr gmYZ ZH$mo.
nU `mM EH$m _hÎdmÀ`m gmYZmMr ~hþg§»` bmoH$m§H$Sy>Z Cnojm
ìhmdr h| XwX£d hmo`. _Zwî` XodXod H$arV nwwîH$i qhS>Vmo. nU ñdH$_m©H$S>o
Xwb©j H$aVmo. _Zwî`mZ| ñdH$_© H$ê$Z H«$_mZ| _wŠV ìhmd| åhUyZ ^Jd§VmZo
dUm©l_Y_mªMr ì`dñWm Ho$br. _mP| gVV ^OZ H$a, ñ_aU R>od, Agm ^Jd§Vm§Zt
AOw©Zmbm JrV|V CnXoe Ho$bm, nU AOw©ZmMr BÀN>m AgVmZm{h Ë`m§Zr Ë`mbm
j{Ì`H$_m©nmgyZ namd¥Îm Ho$b| Zmht, Ë`mg àd¥Îm Ho$b|. ""_m_Zwñ_a'' nU
""`wÕM'' _mP| ñ_aU R>od, nU j{Ì`m§M| `wÕH$_© H$a Ag| gm§{JVb|. åhUm¡{Z
km{Vdeo gmMmê$Ÿ& ghO Ago Omo A{YH$mê$Ÿ& Vmo Amnwbm{b`m emò|
JmoMê$Ÿ& AmnU H$sOoŸ&& (km. 18-891) OmVrà_mU| Omo H$_m©{YH$ma
ñdm^m{dH$ Agob Vmo emómZ| g_OyZ ¿`mdm d H$amdm.
nU hm B©œamoÔoe bjm§V Z KoVm§ g§Ü`oMm A{YH$ma Agbobo
~hþg§»` bmoH$ na_mWm©gmR>t {Za{Zamio _mJ© MmoImirV Agbobo {XgVmV.
dmñV{dH$ Jm`Ìr _§Ì hm gd© _§Ìm§Mm amOm Amho. `m§V gd© _§Ìm§Mm A§V^m©d
Amho. Vmo _§Ì àW_Mm, Z§Va AÝ` _§Ìmg gwê$dmV. ZmW åhUVmV, ""Jm`Ìr
[aKmë`mdrU H$m§htŸ& BVa _§Ìmgr [aJ_y ZmhtŸ& _w»`Ëd| Jm`ÌrÀ`m R>m`tŸ& Vo
bmJbo nmht gH$i _§ÌŸ&Ÿ& (Zm. ^m. 13-105) Ed§ Jm`Ìr_§Ì ~«÷nyU©Ÿ&
gH$i {gÕtMo H$maUŸ&&'' (Zm. ^m. 13-108) Ag| AgVm§Zm Aem loð>
_§ÌmMr Cnojm H$ê$Z, VodT>mM Q>miyZ AZoH$ bmoH$ doXnR>U, ñVmoÌnR>U, emñÌldU
nyOm, Zm_ñ_aU, BË`m{X H$_© AI§S> H$arV AgVmV. nhm Zdb dmQ>V| Anyd©Ÿ&
gmoSy>Zr _witMm CnmgZmJm¡adŸ& AmnUm§ åhU{dVr d¡îUd H$s em§^dŸ& emŠV
gm¡a H$m JmUnË`Ÿ&& (ñdm. {X. 6-4-28) Amnë`m OÝ_XmË`m AmB©Mr
hoigm§S> H$ê$Z _mZboë`m AmB©Mr {dMmanyg H$ê$Z {VM| H$moS>H$m¡VwH$ H$aÊ`mgmaI|
h| Zìho H$m? Zm_ñ_aUmgmaI| loð> gmYZ H$aUmat ~atM _mUg| {MÎmmbm
g_mYmZ Zmht Aer Or VH«$ma H$aVmV Ë`mM| _hÎdmM| H$maU Jm`Ìr_§ÌmMr
Cnojm h| EH$ Amho. _oéñdm_r Amnë`m am_gmohmù`m§V åhUVmV- Jm`Ìr _§Ì
226 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 227

On Z hmoVm§Ÿ& AÝ` _§Ì Onmo OmVm§Ÿ& Jm`Ìr Ë`m _§Ìmgr VÎdVm§Ÿ& ^jy{Z
Om`Ÿ&& (am. gmo. 4-8-39) `mMm AW© Zm_ñ_aUm{X AÝ` gmYZ| H$ê§$ Z`oV
Agm Zìh|. Vt Adí` H$amdt. nU Jm`ÌrM| nmR>~i {_idyZ Vt gmYZ| Ho$ë`mg
_yiMr CnmgZm Z gwQ>Vm§ ñdH$_© hmoD$ZÀ`m hmoD$Z AÝ` gmYZm§V{h ew{MVm d
VoOpñdVm {Z_m©U hmoVo. `m ^mdmZ| g_W© åhUVmV- ""~ar ñZmZg§Ü`mŸ&''
ñdH$_m©Z| {MÎm ewÕ Pmb| åhUOo hiyhiy Û¡V^mdZm Zï> hmoV OmVo
Am{U gdm©^yVm§M| öX`Ÿ& Zm_ Ë`mM| am_am`Ÿ&& Agm àË`` `oD§$ bmJVmo.
Agm àË`` `oD$ bmJbm åhUOo ghO ^yV_mÌt X`m CËnÞ hmoVo d gmYH$ Û§ÛmZ|
`wŠV Aem g§gmamV{h gdm©KQ>t am_ Amho `m g_mYZm§V ào_mZ| ì`dhma
H$aVmo.
_Zm H$monAmamonUm Vo Zgmdr Ÿ&
_Zm ~w{Õ ho gmYwg§Jr dgmdr Ÿ&
_Zm Zï> Mm§S>mi Vmo g§J Ë`mJtŸ &
_Zm hmoBao _moj^mJt {d^mJr Ÿ&&107Ÿ&&
{df`mH$S>o YmdUmè`m _Zmbm {ddoH$mZ| Amdê$Z ñZmZg§Ü`m{X
ñdH$_mªV Ë`mbm `moOmd| d ^yV_mÌt X`m Agmdr Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVb|. _Zmbm {ddoH$m~Ôb {deof AmXa CËnÞ hmoÊ`mgmR>t H«$moYm{XH$m§Zm
Wmam Z XoVm§ gËg§J Yamdm Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV. gËg§J hm na_mWm©Mm
nm`m Agë`m_wi| Ë`mMm CnXoe _mJ| ûcmo. 45 ì`m§V d nwT>| ûcmo. 135,
203 d 204 _Ü`| dma§dma Ho$bm Amho.
ho _Zm, VwÂ`m {R>H$mUt H«$moYmMr CËn{Îm hmoD§$ XoD§$ ZH$mog. H«$moYmM|
~rO AgV| H$m_m§V, åhUOo {df`dmgZm§V. dmgZm§Mo ~rOmamonU Pmb| Zmht
åhUOo H«$moYmMm CX²^d hmoÊ`mM| H$maUM Zmht. {df`dmgZm CËnÞ Z hmoÊ`mg
CÎm_ Cnm` åhUOo gV²g§J, g§VMaUaO bmJVm ghOŸ& dmgZoM| ~rO
OiwZr Om`Ÿ&& _J am_Zm_t CnOo AmdS>rŸ& gwI KS>moKS>t dmT>m| bmJ|Ÿ&&
Ag| Agë`m_wio gËg§J R>odÊ`mMm ~wÕrMm {Zü` Agy§ Xo. Vy§ åhUerb H$s¨
OJm§V gmYw§M| gm|J KoD$Z {_adUmao ^m|XyM \$ma AmhoV. Aem n[apñWVtV gmYw
AmoiImdm Var H$gm? Aao, h| AJXr gmon| Amho. ^Jd§V ñdV…M gm§JVmV.
{ZanojVm Am{U _mP| _ZZŸ& em§{V Am{U g_Xe©ZŸ& nm§Md| V| {Zd£a OmUŸ&
n§MbjU h| _w»`Ëd|Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 14-180) hr nm§M bjU| OoW| {XgVrb
VoW| gmYwËd Amho Ag| g_O. nU gËg§J åhUOo Ho$di gmYy§Mm ghdmg Zìho,
h| bjm§V Agy§ Xo. ghdmgm~amo~a gmYw gm§JVmo Vg| {dœmgmZ| dmJb| nm{hOo.
ghdmg d gmYwdMZmZwgma dmJU| `m~Ôb ÑT> ~wÕr Agbr åhUOo g§Vmnmbm
H$maUM CaUma Zmht, gwIH$mar g§J g§Vg‚mZm§MmŸ& g§Vmn _ZmMm Xwar
WmQ>oŸ&&
ho _Zm, Ho$di gmYwg§JVr Yê$Z MmbV Zmht Va Xwï> g§J{V
Q>mimd`mMrM Agm{h ~wÕrMm {Zü` nm{hOo. H$maU Zï>mMr g§JV BVH$s
KmVH$ AgVo H$s¨ g‚mZmM|{h Ë`m_wi| AY…nVZ hmoV|.
XwO©Z g§JVr g‚mZ T>mgioŸ& H«$moY hm à~io AH$ñ_mVŸ&& Á`m
g§JVrnmgyZ gmYH$ H¥$V{Zü`mnmgyZ T>iVmo. Vmo g§J Xwï>M, Ë`mMm {ZüM`nyd©H$
Ë`mJ Ho$bmM nm{hOo. Xwï> qH$dm AgmYw H$moUmbm åhUmd|? Omo Ho$di {df`t
Ë`mbm. {eñZmoXamW© AmgŠVŸ& ñdY_©Ë`mJ| AY_©aVŸ& Eogo Oo {df`mgŠVŸ&
Vo OmU {Z{üV AgmYyŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 26-40) Á`m a§JmV nmUr {_gimd| Ë`m
a§JmM| V| hmoV|. Vgo nmbQ> hmoÊ`mMm ho _Zm, VwPm ñd^md Amho. Mm§S>mi g§JVr
hmoB©Oo Mm§S>miŸ& hmo` nwÊ`eri gmYwg§JoŸ&& åhUyZ Xwï>, Mm§S>mi g§JVr Q>miyZ
gmYwg§JVr Ya. gmYwg§JVrZ| Vy _mojmMm A{YH$mar hmoerb. VwÂ`m _mJÀ`m
OÝ__aUmÀ`m \o$è`m MwH$Vrb. H$maU, g§gma Vmamd`m OmUŸ& gËg§JVr{M
à_mUŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 26-434) OÝ_mbm `md|, H$m§hr {Xdg OJmd| AIoa _amd|,
d nwÝhm OÝ_mbm `md| AgmM hm g§gmagmJa Zmht H$m? Aem `m ^`mZH$
gm§Jam§VyZ n¡bnma hmoÊ`mg gËg§J hrM EH$ ÑT> Zm¡H$m Amho. `mnar g§gmar OZŸ&
nmdVm CÝ_‚mZ {Z_‚mZŸ& Ë`mgr Vamd`m ^dmpãY OmUŸ& gmYw g‚mZ ÑT>
ZmdŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 26-421)
_Zm gd©Xm g‚mZmMo{Z `moJ|Ÿ &
{H«$`m nmbQ>o ^{ŠV^mdmW© bmJoŸ &
{H«$`odrU dmMmiVm Vo {Zdmar Ÿ&
VwQ>o dmX g§dmX Vmo hrVH$ar Ÿ&&108Ÿ&&
Xwï> g§J Q>mi, gËg§J Ya åhUOo dmgZm§Mm j` hmoD$Z Vy§ _mojmMm
228 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 229

A{YH$mar hmoerb, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V _Zmbm gm§{JVb|. `m ûcmoH$m§V
gËg§JVrZ| H$moUV| {hV gmYV| h| gm§JVmV.
ho _Zm, gËg§J hm Agm Amho H$s¨ Ë`m`moJmZ| Amnë`m H$m{`H$ d
_mZ{gH$ {H«$`|V gVV nmbQ> hmoV amhmVmo, ewÕ AmMma {eHy$Z earamZ|
gXmMma hmoD§$ bmJVmo d _Zm§Vrb {df`dmgZm H$_r hmoV OmD$Z ^JdËào_
dmTy> bmJV|. gm_mÝ` bmoH$ AmMaUm§V loð>m§M| AZwH$aU H$arV AgVmV. hm
Ë`m§Mm ghO ñd^md Amho. EW d{S>b O| O| H$[aVrŸ& V`m Zm_ Y_©w R>o{dVrŸ&&
V|{M `oa AZw{ð>VrŸ& gm_mÝ` gH$iŸ&& (km. 3-158) g‚mZm§Mm ghdmg
Agbm åhUOo Ë`m§Mm AmMma daModa nmhÿZ VmoM H$amdm Ag| dmQy>§ bmJV|.
`m_wi| _{bZ AmMma gwQy>Z ewÕ AmMma J«hU Ho$bm OmVmo. Ogm AmMmam§V
nmbQ> hmoVmo, Ë`mà_mU| Ë`m§À`m ghO ~mobÊ`m§VyZ {ZKUmè`m {hVmonXoemÀ`m
ldUm_wi| _Zm§V nmbQ> hmoVmo. {df`qMVZ H$aUma| _Z ^ŠVrH$S>o diV|.
^mdmdm§MyZ Xod H$iV Zmht. nU ht ^md^{ŠV gËg§Jm{edm`
H$iV Zmht. lÕmiy _Zwî`mZ| Amnë`m ~wÕrZ| {H$Vr{h gmYZ Ho$b| Var Ë`m§V
g§e` d {d¿Z| CËnÞ hmoVmV. nU g‚mZm§À`m _mJ©Xe©Zm_wi| V|M gmYZ g§e`a{hV
hmoD$Z Ë`m§V {d¿Z| CËnÞ hmoV ZmhtV. H$[aVm§ gmYZ| Amn_VtgrŸ& VoW| {d¿Z|
CnOVr EoetŸ& VtM gmYZ| gmYwCnXoetŸ& gd©hr {gÕrgr nmdVrŸ&&
(Zm. ^m. 12-61) Agm g‚mZm§À`m dmUtV à^md AgVmo. gmYwg§JVr
ldUm_wi| ^{ŠV, kmZ, d¡am½`, ñdY_©, gmYZ BË`m{Xg§~§Yt ~moY hmoVmo.
ldUm_wi| AmMma, {dMma `m_Ü`| `mo½` Vmo nmbQ> hmoD$Z AIoa AmË_{hV
gmYV|. R>mBªMo Ii Mm§S>miŸ& Vo{M hmoVr nwÊ`{giŸ& Eogm JwU VËH$miŸ&
ldUmMmŸ&& (Xm. 7-8-34)
nU ho _Zm, gmYwg§JVrV O| ldUmZ| H$ib| qH$dm Ë`m§Zr O|
gm§{JVb| V| H¥$VtV Amb| nm{hOo, Vg| dV©Z Pmb| nm{hOo, V| ZwgV| ~S>~S>V
amhÊ`m§V H$m§ht \$m`Xm Zmhr. dV©ë`mdrU ~mobmdoŸ& Vo eãX {_Ï`mŸ&& (Xm.
12-10-3) Omo _Zwî` gmYwg§JVtV amhÿZ Ë`mÀ`m _wIm§VyZ `oUmao ~mob EoHy$Z
_wH$mQ>çmZ| H¥$VtV AmUVmo VmoM ehmUm, VmoM Iam lmoVm. V`m§Mo{Z _wI|
{ZKoŸ& VoVwb| AmXa| Mm§J|Ÿ& EoH$mo{Z`m Am§J|Ÿ& _Z| hmoVrŸ&& (km. 13-1043)
Ho$di H$ië`mZ| H$m§hr \$m`Xm hmoV Zmht. H$ië`mà_mU| dib| VaM {hV
hmoV|. H$ië`mZ| H$m` hmoV| aoŸ& dV©U| IñV nm{hOoŸ&& IñV åhUOo H$ië`mà_mU|
nyU©ËdmZ| H$aU|.
ho _Zm, AmUIr EH$ Jmoï> bjm§V R>od Vr hr H$s¨, gmYyet g§dmX
H$amdm nU dmX Kmby§ Z`o. g_WmªZr dmX Z H$aÊ`m~Ôb _mJ| nwîH$i íbmoH$m§V
gm§{JVb| Amho. 52 ûcmoH$m§V am_mMm Xmg dmX{ddmXmÀ`m ^mZJS>tV nS>V Zmht
Ag| gm§{JVb|. ûcmoH$ 61, 62, 63 _Ü`| _w_wjw, gmYH$ d {gÕ `m {VKm§Zr
H$Yt{h dmX H$ê§$ Z`o Ago gm§{JVb|. `m d nwT>rb Mma ûcmoH$m§V dmX H$ê§$ Z`o
nU g§dmX H$amdm Ag| {Za{Zamù`m àg§Jm§Zm AZwgê$Z gm§JVmV, VwQ>o dmX g§dmX
Vmo hrVH$mar Ago e|dQ>Mo MaU Agboë`m nm§M ûcmoH$m§Mm hm JQ> Amho. `m
ûcmoH$m§V gmYy§et dmX H$ê§$ Z`o g§dmX H$amdm Ag| _Zmbm gm§JVmV. H$m§ht
_mUgo gËg§J H$[aVmV. {Xgob Ë`m g‚mZmMr ^oQ> ¿`md`mMr. H$m§ht àý Q>mH$md`mMo
d {ZKyZ Omd`mM| Aer Ë`m§Mr ImoS>M AgVo, nU hm gËg§J ñdV…À`m H$m§hr
e§H$m \o$Sy>Z KoD$Z gmYZm§V qH$dm {dMmam§V Bï> Vmo nmbQ> H$ê$Z ¿`mdm `m hoVyZ|
ZgVmo. gmYyMr Oam narjm nhmdr d WmoS>r J§_V H$amdr EdT>mM Ë`m§V hoVw
AgVmo. Aem àg§Jr dmX {Z_m©U hmoVmo, nU Amnë`mg H$m§hr {eH$md`mM| Amho
Agm AmXa~wÕrZ| Ooìhm§ gËg§J hmoVmo, n[aàý hmoVmV, Voìhm§ dmX {_Q>Vmo d
gm§JUmè`mMo d EoH$Umè`mM| XmoKm§Mo{h g_mYmZ hmoV|. Vmo g§dmX åhUmdm d VmoM
{hVmMm d gwImMm hmoVmo.
OZt dmXdodmX gmoSy>{Z Úmdm Ÿ&
OZt gyIg§dmX gyI| H$amdm Ÿ&
OJt Vmo{M Vmo emoH$g§Vmnhmar Ÿ&
VwQ>o dmX g§dmX Vmo hrVH$mar Ÿ&&109Ÿ&&
g‚mZg§JVtV AmMma d {dMma `m§V `mo½` Vmo nmbQ> hmoVmo,
Ë`mà_mU| _wH$mQ>çmZ| dmJmd| d Ë`m§À`met dmX Z H$[aVm§ gwIg§dmX H$amdm,
Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbo. `m ûcmoH$m§V BVa gm_mÝ` OZm§er{h dmX
Z H$[aVm§ g§dmX H$amdm Ag| _Zmbm gm§JVmV.
gm_mÝ` OZmet{h dmX{ddmX H$ê§$ Z`o. dmX åhUOo ñd_Vm~Ôb
AmJ«h Ë`m§V ""_r åhUVm| V|M Ia|'' Agm hÅ> AgVmo. Xwgè`mZo V|M _mÝ`
Ho$bo nm{hOo Agm AmJ«h AgVmo d AmnU Xwgè`mM| H$mht _mÝ` H$amd`mMo
Zmht Agm {Zü` AgVmo. dmXmM| _yi Ah§H$mam§V AgV|. _bm H$iV| {VVHo$
230 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 231

Xwgè`mbm H$iV Zmht, Agm A§VñW A{^_mZ AgVmo. Pmon|VyZ _Zwî`mbm
OmJ| H$[aVm§ `oV|, nU PmonoMo gm|J KoUmam OmJm hmoV Zmht. Vg| _Zmg nQ>b|
Var _mÝ` H$amd`mM| Zmht ho OoW| R>abob| AgV| VoW| dmX åhUOo {dV§S>dmXM
hmoVmo. Ë`m§VyZ AZW©M {Z_m©U hmoVmo. Ë`mM| dU©Z ûcmoH$ 52 _Ü`| Ho$b| Amho.
{dV§S>dmX Q>mimdm Ë`mMr H$maU| Aet (1) OoW| àË`j AZw^d ZgVmo, AkmZ
AgV| VoW|M dmX d PJS>m hmoVmo. eodQ>r {ZH$mb H$m§ht bmJV Zmht.
(2) dmX{ddmXm§V lw{V-ñ_¥{V-nwamUm{XH$m§Mo àm_mÊ` ZgV|. OoWo H$m§hr
{ZH$fM Zmhr VoW| Ia| ImoQ>| nmaImd`mM| H$go ? Omo Oo _Vt gm§nS>bmŸ&
V`mgr V|{M WmoaŸ&& Ag| hmoV|. àË`oH$ OU Amnb|M Ia| Yê$Z ~gVmo.
(3) OoW| Y_m©~Ôb AWdm gm§JUmè`m~Ôb lÕm ZgVo VoW| dmX H$ê§$ Z`o.
Ë`mMm Cn`moJ hmoV Zmht d doi _mÌ \w$H$Q> OmVmo. lÕm CËnÞ hmoB©n`ªV
ñdñW ahmd|. (4) Oa dmX H$amd`mMmM Agob Va Vmo Amnë`m _Zmet H$amdm.
Amnbo JwUXmof bjmV KoD$Z g§V d ^JdÛmUret Vo gwg§JV AmhoV H$s¨
{dg§JV AmhoV h| nS>VmiyZ nhmd| d `mo½` Vmo ~moY KoÊ`mgmR>r _ZmetM
dmX H$amdm d Amnb| AmË_{hV gmYmd|. (5) OJm§V AZ§V d¥ÎmtMt AZoH$
_mUg| AmhoV. EH$M _Zwî` gdmªMo g_mYmZ amIy eH$V Zmht. gmYyM| ~mobU|
ZmpñVH$mbm nQ>V Zmhr. `mgmR>r g‚mZmÀ`m g§JVtV amhÿZ Ë`mÀ`m ~moYmZ|
Amnb| g_mYmZ Pmë`mZ§Va BVa _V_Vm§am~Ôb dmX{ddmX H$aÊ`mM|
H$maUM Zmht. {edm` AZw^{dÊ`mMr dñVw dmX{ddmXmZ| H$iV Zmht. åhUyZ
dmX Q>mimdm.
nU g§dmX Iwemb H$amdm. g§dmX hm ào_mMm AgVmo. Ë`m§V Ah§H$ma
AgV Zmht. eodQ> g_mYmZm§V hmoVmo åhUyZ hm H$amdm. nU `m g§~§Ythr
H$m§ht Jmoï>r bjm§V R>odmì`mV (1) H$moUr H$m§hr {dMmaë`m{edm` AmnUhÿZ
H$m§hr gm§JV gwQy>§ Z`o, Ë`mMr hoQ>miUr hmoVo. JaO Agob VoW| {dH«$s hmoVo,
VhmZ bmJbobmM nmUr _mJVmo, h| Ü`mZm§V Agmd|. (2) Amnë`m g§~§Yr OoW|
AmXa Agob d Amnë`m eãXmda {dœmg Agob Aem {R>H$mUtM g§dmX
H$amdm. (3) ~mobU| ào_mM| Agmd|, AMyH$ Agmd|, Vg|M AZw^dmM| Agmd|,
Xwgè`mMr qZXm qH$dm Cnamo{YH$m ^mfm Zgmdr, daModa gm§Jmd| bmJb| Var qMSy>
Z`o, g_WmªÀ`m EH$mM AmodtV g§dmXmMo VmËn`© gm§JVm§ `oB©b. WmoS>o ~mobmo{Z
g_mYmZ H$aU|Ÿ& amJoOmoZ Var _Z YaU|Ÿ& _Zwî` doYtM bmdU|Ÿ& H$moUr
`oH$Ÿ&& (Xm. 19-7-4)
Aem g§dmXmZo OJm§Vrb emoH$ d g§Vmn Zmhtgm hmoVmo d AmZ§X
Am{U em§{V `m§Mo gm_«mÁ` Zm§XVo. Mmby H$mbm§V bmoH$m§V {dV§S>dmXmM| gm_«mÁ`
gwê$ Amho. V| Zmhtgo hmoÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZ| hm ûcmoH$ _hÎdmMm Amho. {déÕ {dMmamMt
_mUg| EH$_oH$m§g ^oQ>bt H$s¨ ""`mMH$mo `mMH§$ ÑîQ²>dm ídmZdV² JwaJwa`mVo''
Ag| Ñí` {XgV|. gd© nj amï´>mM| qH$dm g_mOmM| ^b| H$aÊ`mgmR>t {Z_m©U
hmoVmV. nU nmhmd| Vmo gdmªMt Vm|S>| Aï> {XeoH$S>o dibobt. Omo Vmo nj
Amnb|M Ia| åhUVmo. _m¡OoZo EHo$ {R>H$mUt ~gyZ H$moUr H$moUmM| ZrQ> EoHy$Z
KoÊ`mgM V`ma Zmht. EHo$ {R>H$mUt AmboM Va PJS>m. _Vm§V {^ÞËd
Agb| åhUyZ Ûof d eÌwËd H$emgmR>r ? Ago AZoH$ {df` Agy§ eH$Vrb
H$s¨ Á`m§V _V{^ÞVm Zmhr. Ë`m g§~§Yt gwIg§dmX H$m§ Zgmdm? `mM| H$maU
njm{^_mZmM| nmaS>| BVa H$moUË`m{h {hVmdh Jmoï>rnojm§ OS> h|M hmò .
OoWo Ûof ZgVmo, Ah§H$ma ZgVmo, H$iH$i AgVo, ào_mZ| ~mobU| d
EoH$U| AgV| VoW|M g§dmX hmoVmo d VmoM {hVH$mar hmoVmo d OJmbm em§{V XoVmo.
Agm g§dmX EH$ gmYyM OmUVmo. ZmZm _Vt ZmZm ^oXŸ& ^oX| dmT>Vr dodmXŸ&
nar Vmo EoŠ`VoMm g§dmXŸ& gmYw OmUVrŸ&& (Xm. 8-7-35)
VwQ>o dmX g§dmX Ë`mV| åhUmd| Ÿ&
{ddoH|$ Ah§^md `mV| {OUmd| Ÿ&
Ah§VmJwU| dmX ZmZm{dH$mar Ÿ&
VwQ>o dmX g§dmX Vmo hrVH$mar Ÿ&&110Ÿ&&
bmoH$m§er dmX Z H$[aVm§ g§dmXM H$amdm, g§dmXmZ|M nañna
g_mYmZ hmoD$Z em§{V bm^Vo, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. `m ûcmoH$m§V
àW_ MaUm§V g§dmXmMo ñdê$n gm§JyZ {Vgè`m MaUm§V dmXmM| _yi H$moR>|
AgV| h| gm§JVmV d Xwgè`m MaUm§V V| _yi Zmhtg| H$amd| Ag| gm§JVmV.
Á`mnmgyZ dmXmMm CbJS>m hmoVmo d nañnam§À`m e§H$m {ZdmaU
hmoVmV, Ë`mbmM g§dmX åhUmd|. g§dmXmMm eodQ> nañna g_OwVtV hmoVmo.
Ë`m§V nañnam§Zm {O§H$Ê`mMr hmd ZgVo. nañna g{hîUwVo_wi| nañnam§Zm {df`
g_OmdyZ XoÊ`mMr AmñWm AgVo. C^`njt A{^_mZ Amho Vm|da g§dmX hmoV
Zmht, {dV§S>dmXM hmoVmo.
232 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 233

H$maU nañnam§_Yrb Ah§H$ma h|M Ia| {dV§S>dmXmM| _yi Amho.
Ah§H$mam_wi| Xoh~w{Õ d Xoh~wÕr_wi| Mwag, Ûof d _Ëga BË`m{X {dH$ma
CËnÞ hmoVmV. ghO ~mobÊ`mdê$Z ~mobU| dmT>V| d Ë`mMm eodQ> H$bhm§V
hmoVmo.
A{^_mZ Yamo{Z Xnm}{ŠVŸ& H$[aVm§ Z gmho H$moUmàVrŸ&& ghO
CŠVrdê$Z CŠVrŸ& dmT>Vm§ dmT>o H$bhŸ&& (Zm. ^. gy. 723) Ah§H$ma h| Ag|
dmXmM| KmVH$ _yi Amho.
hm Ah§H$ma ~mhoa {XgV Zmht. YmVwJV Ádamà_mU| Vmo eara
ì`mnyZ amhVmo d Ë`mbm ZmM{dVmo. Ah§Vm åhUOo Xoh~w{Õ, AmË_ñdê$nmÀ`m
{R>H$mUt Agbob| _yiM| ewÕ Ah§ ñ\w$aU Ooìhm§ ^«_mZ| Xohmet VmXmËå`
nmdV| Voìhm§ Ah§H$ma ÑT> hmoVmo d Ë`m_wi| AmË_ËdmM| {dñ_aU hmoV| Am{U
XwñVa g§gma _mJ| bmJVmo. OZH$ ~mnmM| ZmV| Q>mHy$Z XÎmH$ nwÌ Ooìhm§ XÎmH$
KamÊ`mMm A{^_mZ Yê$Z Ë`mM| AmS>Zm§d YmaU H$[aVmo Voìhm§ Vmo _yi
KamÊ`mbm _wH$Vmo d naŠ`mMm hmoVmo, Zgboë`m Am`m~{hUtMo§ ZmV| {MH$Q>V|.
VgoM `oW| hmoV|. Vodt AmË_ËdmMm {dgê$Ÿ& VoU| _r Xoh hm Ah§H$mê$Ÿ& VoU|
Ah§H$ma| g§gmê$Ÿ& A{VXwñVê$ WmoamdoŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 3-63) `m A{^_mZmZ|
gdmªZm nN>mS>b| Amho. bhmZ Wmoa, AkmZr, gkmZr, lr_§V, Jar~ H$moUr{h
Ë`mÀ`m VmdS>tVyZ gwQ>V Zmht. hm Xoh nS>bm Var Vmo AZoH$ OÝ_m§V ~amo~a
Zm§XVmo d `mVZm ^moJ{dVmo. {Za{Zamio {dH$ma YmaU H$ê$Z ZmMUmam hm
Ah§H$ma, H$m_, H«$moY, _Ëga, Ûof BË`m{XH$m§M| _yi AgyZ dmX{ddmXàg§Jt
hm Mm¡\o$a CYiVmo, `mgmR>t Á`m§À`m A§VatMm Ah§H$ma Jobm Zmht. Ë`m§Zt
dmXm§V nSy>§ Z`o d ^ë`m§Zt {dMmanyd©H$ Vmo gmoS>mdm, Ë`mbm qOH$md|.
nU {ddoH$mZ| Ah§Vm qOH$mdr Ag| Vmo§S>mZ| åhUU| gmon| Amho.
earaì`mnr h| Y|S> Xya H$aU| h| H$m_ \$ma H$R>rU Amho. Xoh~wÕrH$S>o YmdUmam
hm Ah§H$ma naVdyZ _yiÀ`m AmË_ñdê$nm§V Zmhtgm H$aU| hm loð> nwéfmW©
Amho. hm nwéfmW© XmoZ Jmoï>tZtM gmYVm§ `oVmo.
EH$ gËg§J Var nm{hOo qH$dm B©œar H¥$nm Var nm{hOo. gËg§JmZ|
{ddoH$ CËnÞ hmoD$Z OmMH$ Ah§H$ma Xya hmoVmo. Vmo XwY©a Xohm{^_mZŸ& kmVonUt
A{VXméUŸ& `mM| g_yi {ZX©iUŸ& gËg§J OmU ñd`| H$arŸ& (Zm. ^m.
28-638) gËg§JmdmMyZ qH$dm B©œagmhmæ` Agë`mdmMyZ hr Jmoï> KS>V
Zmht. gd© Xohm§Mm {Z`§Vm EH$ B©œaM Amho, Agm ZrQ> {dMma H$ê$Z _yiMm
Ë`mMmM Ah§H$ma Ë`mÀ`m MaUt g_n©U Ho$bm VaM Vmo qOH$bm OmVmo, Zmht
Va ~moH$m§S>r ~gVmo. gH$i Xohm§Mm {Z`§VmŸ& Vmo{M OmUmdm VÎdVm§Ÿ& Ë`mM|
ñ_aUt {ZübVmŸ& nmdmoZr gwIt Agmd|Ÿ&& VarM A{^_mZ VwQ>obŸ& ZmhtVar
~moH$m§S>r ~gobŸ& qYS>dS>o H$amoZr dmT>obŸ& Eogm OmUm {Zü`Ÿ&& (Zm. ^. gy.
734,35) na_oœaMaUt Xoh g_n©U Pmbm åhUOo Xohm§Vrb Ah§H$mamM|
Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt ghOM g_n©U hmoV|. `mgmR>t Ë`m öX`ñW na_mËå`mM| gVV
Ü`mZ d ^OZ nm{hOo.
Ë`m_wi| XohAh§H$mamM| àm~ë` hiyhiy H$_r hmoV OmD$Z Vmo
B©eñdê$nm§V g_yi Zmhtgm hmoVmo. ^OZÜ`mZm_wi| B©eH¥$nm hmoVo d Ë`m H¥$no_wi|
d¡am½`, kmZ, d gdmª^yVt ^JdX²^md ho CËnÞ hmoVmV. ^Jd§V åhUVmV-
Á`m kmZm^oU| OmUŸ& YmH|${M nio A{^_mZŸ& V| _r Amnwb| Ë`m§gr X|
kmZŸ& O| öX`ñWmM| ^OZ H$[aVr gXmŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 13-541) A{^_mZ
àË`j {Xgbm Va Ë`mbm YŠHo$ _mê$Z ~mhoa Kmb{dVm§ `oB©b. nU Vmo {XgV
Zmht; BVH|$M Zìho Va Vmo AVŠ`© AgyZ Ho$di eãXkmZmZ| OmV Zmht
`mgmR>r B©œa gmhmæ`M bmJV|. Ü`mZ ^OZmZo V| àmá Pmb| åhUOo
A^oX^md CËnÞ hmoVmo. A^oX^ŠVr_wi| OoW| Zoh_t ào_mMmM gwH$mi VoW|
H$moU H$moUmet {dV§S>dmX H$aob ? ^JdX²^md gdmª^yVtŸ& `m Zm§d Jm
"A^oX^ŠVr'Ÿ& ho AmH$ië`m ^OZ pñW{VŸ& Ah§H¥$Vr CaoZmŸ&& (Zm. ^m.
28-395) `mn«_mU| Ah§H$mamMm bmon hmoD$Z OoW| {MÎmm§V A^oX^md AgVmo
VoW|M dmX VwQ>Vmo d g§dmX hmoVmo. H$maU VoW| Ah§H$mamMr OmJm ào_mZ|
ì`mnbobr AgVo. (nwT>rb 160 ûcmoH$ nmhm).
{hVmH$maU| ~mobU| gË` Amho Ÿ&
{hVmH$maU| gd© emoYy{Z nmho Ÿ&
{hVmH$maU| ~§S> nmIm§S> dmar Ÿ&
VwQ>o dmX g§dmX Vmo hrVH$mar Ÿ&&111Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$m§V _Zmbm gmaIm CnXoe Pmë`m_wi| Ë`mZ| H§$Q>miy Z`o
åhUyZ WmoS>| Wm§~yZ Ë`mbm Jm|Omê$Z `m ûcmoH$m§V Ë`m§M| g_mYmZ H$[aVmV.
A„S> _wbmbm gmaIm CnXoe _mZdV Zmhr. WmoS>o Wm§~yZ Ë`mÀ`m nmR>rda
hmV {\$adyZ Ë`mMr g_OyV H$amdr bmJVo. VgmM `m ûcmoH$m§Vrb àH$ma Amho.
234 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 235

ho _Zm, VwP| H$ë`mU ìhmd| åhUyZ Vwbm `m Iè`m Jmoï>r gm§Jmì`m
bmJV AmhoV. VwP| {hV H$em§V Amho h| Amåhr ûcmoH$ 22, 23 _Ü`|
{dñVmanyd©H$ gm§{JVb|. hm{Z H$em§V Amho h| Amåhr ûcmoH$ 46, 60 _Ü`|
gm§{JVb|. {dlm§VrM| d AmZ§XmM| ñWmZ H$moR>| Amho h| ûcmoH$ 86 _Ü`|
gm§{JVb|. Amåhr O| Vwbm gm§{JVbo Vo§{h emñÌmbm AZwgê$Z, n[aUm_t
CnH$maH$, O| gË` V|M JmoS> eãXm§V gm§{JVb|. h| Am_M| gmJU| Vwbm
H$m§ht doim A{à` Oar dmQ>b| Var Ë`m§V VwP| H$ë`mU Amho. åhUyZ Z H§$Q>miVm
V| Vy§ EoHy$Z ¿`md|g.
Amåhr gm§JVm| V| gd© Vy§ _wH$mQ>çmZ| Ia| _mZmd|g Agm Am_Mm
Vwbm AmJ«h Zmht. Vy§ ñdV… Iè`mImoQ>çm, emœVAemœV Jmoï>tMm
ZrQ> {dMma H$ê$Z VwP| {hV H$em§V Amho V| nmhm. ZrQ> {dMma H$[aVm§Zm
Vwbm ñdV…Mo {hV ìhmd| Ago dmQ>V Agob Va EH$ Jmoï> _mÌ Ü`mZm§V R>od Vr
hr -
Aemór`, ZmpñVH$ {dMmam§Mm A§JrH$a H$ê$Z CJrM H$m§ht Var ~S>~Sy>Z
AmJ nmIS>rV amhÿ§ ZH$mog. H$maU nmIm§S> _VmM| gd© ~mobU| {dnarV AgV|. O|
OZmdoJi| Ho$b|Ÿ& Vo doX| Aìho[ab|Ÿ& åhUmo{Z Zm_ V`m{g R>o{db|Ÿ& nmfm§S>_VŸ&&
(Xm. 5-1-17) OZ_Vm{dê$Õ V| ~§S>M. AmnUmg dmQ>V| V|M Ia| _mZyZ H$moUt
dmJy§ Z`o åhUyZ Va g‚mZ bmoH$ doX à_mU _mZVmV. nU ZmpñVH$mbm à_mU
Ag| H$mhtM ZgV|. Xoh Vmo{M XodŸ& ^moOZ Vo ^{ŠVŸ&& _aU Vo _w{ŠVŸ&
nmIm§S>çmMrŸ&& doX, emó|, nwamU|, gËg§J BË`m{X Ë`m§Zm {dfmg_mZ dmQ>VmV.
~m _Zm, Vwbm ñdV…Mo H$ë`mU ìhmd| Ag| dmQ>V Agob Va Aem ZmpñVH$
VH©$Hw$VH$m©À`m ZmXt Z bmJVm Á`m emó{dMmamZ| dmX {_Qy>Z g§e`{Zd¥{Îm hmoVo
Agm g§dmXM H$a. Ë`m§VyZM VwP| {hV Amho. gd© g§Vm§M| gm§JU|{h Ag|M Amho.
{hV Amho XohmVrVŸ& åhUm¡{Z {Zamo{nVr g§VŸ&& Xoh~wÕrZ| AZ{hVŸ& hm|{M
bmJoŸ&& (Xm. 7-2-37) nmIm§S> {dMmamZ| Xoh-~wÕr ÑT> hmoVo, dmX dmT>Vmo.
åhUyZ Vmo Q>mi, {hVH$mar g§dmX H$a.
OZt gmJVm§ EoH$Vm§ OÝ_ Jobm Ÿ&
nar dmXdodmX V¡gm{M R>obm Ÿ&
CR>o g§e`mo dmX hm X§^Ymar Ÿ&
VwQ>| dmX g§dmX Vmo hrVH$mar Ÿ&Ÿ&112Ÿ&&
nmfm§S> _VmÀ`m ZmXt Z bmJVm§ VwPm Vy§M {dMma H$ê$Z Amnb| {hV
H$em§V Amho `mMm {Zü` H$a, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V _Zmg gm§{JVb|. Ag| Z
H$aVm§ Ho$di dmX{ddmX H$arV AJa EoH$V amherb Va H$m§ht {hV Va hmoUma
ZmhtM, nU dmX{h H$Yt Z g§nVm§ g§e` g§nUma Zmht, h| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
OJmÀ`m Ama§^mnmgyZ AmVmn`ªV gm§JUmao d Ë`mhÿZ EoH$Umao
nwîH$i bmoH$ hmoD$Z Jobo. gm§JUmè`m§Mo Vm|S> XwIy§ bmJb| d EoH$Umè`m§Mo H$mZ
{H$Q>bo nU {dV§S>dmX OemMm Vgm MmbyM Amho. Vmo {_Q>bm Zmht. {e„H$M
Amho. dŠË`m§À`m _wIm nma n{S>boŸ& lmoË`m§M| ldU KñQ>mo{Z JoboŸ&& Ed§ C^`Vm§
d` do{Mb|Ÿ& AW©OmV Jobo dmhV{MŸ&& H$maU Aï>Ym àH¥${V Vr {d{dY ñdê$nmMr
d {dH$mar Agë`m_wio {VÀ`mnmgyZ CËnÞ Pmbobr _mZd eara| Amnmnë`m
àH¥${Vñd^mdmZwgma dmJy§ bmJVmV d AZoH$ àH$maMt _V| {Z_m©U hmoVmV. ZmZm
_V| {Z_m©U OmbtŸ& ZmZm nmfm§S>| dmT>btŸ& ZmZm àH$matMt C{R>btŸ&
ZmZm ~§S>|Ÿ&& (Xm. 11-2-16) Aem pñWVtV H$moU Iam, H$moU ImoQ>m h|
R>admd`mM| H$g| ?
EImXr gmYr KQ>Zm KS>br Var Ë`mg§~§Yr AZoH$ _V| {Z_m©U hmoD$Z
dmX hmoVmo. EH$mÀ`m nm`mbm qdMy Mmdbm Va àmaãYdmXr åhUVmo H$g|{h Om,
Vmo MmdUmaM, àmaãY Q>iV Zmht. nmnnwÊ`dmXr åhUVmo e§^a AnamY Pmbo
åhUyZ Mmdbm. à`ËZdmXr åhUVmo-ZrQ> nmhÿZ nmD$b Z Q>mH$ë`mMm hm
n[aUm_. ñd^mddmXr åhUVmo-qdMy d nm`mMm g§~§Y Ambm H$s¨ Vmo MmdUmaM.
H$moUr EImXm åhUVmo-qdMy gmnS>bm Va _mam, Zmht Va aS>V ahm. dmX
H$ê$Z H$m` {_iUma ?
Ho$di gm_mÝ` _mUgm§V Aer _V{^ÞVm ZgyZ loð> Aem
doXemóm§V{h Amho. nV§Obr åhUVmo {MÎm {ZamoY H$ê$Z Ord~«÷¡Š` gmYmd|.
H${nb gm§»` åhUVmo-àH¥${V-nwê$f {dMma g_Obm H$s¨ g§nb|. _r_m§gH$-
O¡{_Zr H$_© h|M ~«÷ åhUVmo. Z¡æ`m{`H$ Jm¡V_ gd© B©œamYrZ Amho, Ag|
åhUVmo- Va Mmdm©H$ nwZO©Ý_M Zmht åhUVmo. doXm§Vr åhUVmo- gdª IpëdX§
~«÷ Va AOmVdmXr åhUVo- AJm O| Pmbo{M Zmht Ë`m{M dmVm© nwggr
H$m`rŸ&& gd© dmX àH¥$VrÀ`m àm§Vm§V AmhoV Am{U na_mË_ dñVw qH$dm AÀ`wVnX
h| àH¥$VrÀ`m nbrH$S>o Amho. Ë`m na_mË_ dñVybm AZwbjyZ Om|n`ªV dmX hmoV
Zmht, Vmon`ªV g§e` {Z_m©U hmoV amhUmaM.
236 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 237

H$maU A{Yð>mZmbm {dgê$Z qH$dm ~mOybm R>odyZ åhUOo Ü`o`mH$S>o
Xwb©j H$ê$Z Pmboë`m dmXmnmgyZ nXam§V H$m§hr Z nS>Vm g§e`M {Z_m©U
hmoVmV. EH$ PmS> Amho. Ë`mbm nwîH$i \$m§Úm AmhoV. Ë`m PmS>mnbrH$S>o ewÕ
à{VnXoMr gyú_ M§ÐH$moa Amho. Vr nmhÊ`mMr Pmë`mg AmnU ñdV… H$moUË`m
~mOyg Amhmo. Amnb| _wI H$moUË`m {XeoH$S>o Amho h| bjm§V KoD$Z, {Xgob
Ë`m \$m§Xrdê$Z M§ÐH$moa nm{hbr nm{hOo. nU Ag| Z H$[aVm§ A_wH$ \$m§Xrdê$Z
M§Ð {Xgob, A_Š`mdê$Z {XgUma Zmht, Vr \$m§Xr dmH$S>r, Vr gai Ag|
VH©$ H$mTy>Z \$m§Úm§~ÔbM dmX KmbrV gwQ>b| Va M§Ð Va ~mOybmM amhrb,
H$moUË`m \$m§Xrdê$Z Vmo {XgVmo `mMm {Zü` hmoUma Zmhr, Am{U
AZw^dm{edm` dmX KoVë`mZ| Xm§{^H$nUm nXat `oB©b. AZoH$ gmYZm§VyZ
AmnUm§g Bï> Aem H$moUË`m{h gmYZmMm AZw^d Z KoVm§ Ë`m~Ôb VH©$Hw$VH©$
H$mTy>Z dmX KoU| hm X§^Ymar dmXM hmo`.
_V{^ÞVm Agbr Var doXemóm§Mm {gÕm§V EH$M Amho.
Amnmnë`m ñd^mdmZwgma, A{YH$mamZwgma Á`mZ| Ë`mZ| Amnë`mg éMob d
nMob Agm _mJ© nËH$ê$Z EH$M Ü`o` Jm§R>md| `mgmR>t Ë`m§Zt {Za{Zamio
_mJ© XmI{dbo AmhoV. _w§~B©g nmoMÊ`mgmR>t Mhÿ ~mOy§Zr _mJ© AmhoV. Á`mZ|
Ë`mZ| Amnë`m gmoB©à_mUo _mJ© nËH$ê$Z _w~B© Jm§R>mdr; Vg|M `oW| Amho.
kmZmo~m åhUVmV, ""Oar doXo ~hþV ~mo{bb|Ÿ& {d{dY ^oX gw{Mb|Ÿ& Var
AmnU {hV Amnwb|Ÿ& V|{M KonoŸ&& O¡gm àH$Q>{b`m J^ñVrŸ& Aeof{h
_mJ© {XgVrŸ& Var VoVwbo{h H$m` Mm{bOVtŸ& gm§Jo _OŸ&&'' (km. 2-260,61)
eñÌ H$g| dmJdmd| d dmnamd| h| H$iÊ`mgmR>r Jwé bmJVmo. Ë`mà_mU| emñÌ
H$g| bmdmdo d AmMamdo h| H$iÊ`mgmR>r gËg§J bmJVmo. Ë`m_wi| g§e`{Zd¥{Îm
hmoD$Z dmX {_Q>Vmo d ñd{hV gmYV|.
OZt hrV n§S>rV gm§S>rV Jobo Ÿ&
Ah§VmJwU| ~«÷amjg Ombo Ÿ&
V`mhÿ{Z ì`wËnÞ Vmo H$moU Amho Ÿ&
_Zm gd© OmUrd gm§Sy>{Z amh| Ÿ&&113Ÿ&&
AmOn`ªV AZoH$m§Zr CnXoe Ho$bm d AZoH$m§Zr Vmo EoH$bm, na§Vw
dmX {_Q>bo ZmhrV, Vo AÚmn VgoM Mmby AmhoV, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVb|. `m {dV§S>dmXm§Zm Wmam H$m§ {_iVmo `mM| CÎma `m ûcmoH$m§V XoVmV.
~moY nwîH$im§Zt Ho$bm, nU Ë`m§Vrb nwîH$i ehmÊ`m {dÛmZ² bmoH$m§Zt
~moYmà_mU| ñdV…bm AZw^d Amho qH$dm Zmht d Vg| Amnbo| dV©Z Amho H$s¨
Zmht h| nmhÊ`mH$S>o Xwb©j Ho$b|. Omo Vmo Amnë`m {dÛÎm|V d _moR>onUm§V JH©$
hmoD$Z am{hbm. eãXnm§{S>Ë`mZ| Xwgè`mda Amnë`m {dÛÎmoMr N>mn ~gyZ AmnUm§g
_moR>onUm {_imdm `mgmR>tM Á`mZ| Ë`mZ| YS>nS> Ho$br. `oW| n§{S>V hm
eãX eãXn§{S>V `m AWm©Z| `mo{Obobm Amho, kmZr, g_Xeu d AZw^dr Agm
Omo, Vmo n§{S>V, Agm n§{S>V `m eãXmMm Iam AW© Amho. kmZm¾rZo g§{MV|
OmirŸ& Am{U AH$Vm©Ë_nU| {H«$`m_mU H$mitŸ& Ah§H$V©¥ËdmÀ`m {dQ>mitŸ&
Amodi| Z H$ar {MÎmmgrŸ&& (`. Xr. 4-476) Aem n§{S>VmÀ`m {MÎmm§V
A§hH$mamMm boe{h ZgVmo. Eogo g_Xeu kmZd§VŸ& Vo{M åhUmdo n§{S>VŸ&&
(`. Xr. 5-622)
eãXn§{S>V hm AmnUM Amnbm _moR>onUm {_adyZ A{^_mZm§V Mya
AgVmo. Amnë`mM Mm§JwbnUmMm CXmoCXmo H$arV O`nÌ| KoV qhS>Vmo. Z_«Vm
hr Ë`mbm R>mD$H$ ZgVo d _mZmMr hm¡g ^mar AgVo. emòkmZmMm ~{S>dma
dmhUmè`m Aem `m eãXn§{S>VmÀ`m {R>H$mUt gm_Ï`© d Ah§H$ma EH$dQ>bo
åhUOo Xn© CgiVmo. empãXH$ ~mobo CX§S> dmMmŸ& boe Zmht d¡am½`mMmŸ&
AZwVmn Ym[aï> gmYZmMmŸ& _mJ© Z YarŸ&& (Xm. 5-3-86) gmam§e, ñdV…Mo
AmË_H$ë`mU Z gmYVm§ XohmMr à{Vð>m dmT>mdr `m Vrd« dmgZ|VM `m
eãXn§{S>Vm§Mm OÝ_ Jobm. `mMm n[aUm_ Agm Pmbm H$s¨ {dÚmä`mgmZ|
g_mYmZ Z hmoVm§ Á`m§Mm A{^_mZ PS>bm Zmht Am{U dmX KmbÊ`mMr hmd
AnyU© am{hbr Vo _aUmZ§Va ~«÷amjg `moZtV {nMV nS>bo. dmMH$m§Zm `oWo
dm_Z n§{S>Vm§Mr Jmoï> AmR>dob. Ah§H$mamZ| nN>mS>ë`m_wi| Á`m§Zm ñdV…À`m
{R>H$mUtM AZw^dmM| g_mYmZ Zmht Vo EoH$UmamM| g_mYmZ H$g| H$ê$
eH$Uma? åhUyZ dmX VgoM Mmby AmhoV.
ZrQ> {dMma Ho$ë`mg ho _Zm, AmnU {dÛÎmoMm, _moR>onUmMm qH$dm
ñdV…À`m gm_Ï`m©Mm Ah§H$ma Vmo H$m` dhmdm ? V`mhÿ{Z åhUOo Ë`m
B©œamnojm OmñV emòkmZ`wŠV ~wÕrZ| loð> qH$dm gm_Ï`©g§nÞ Xwgam H$moU
Amho? AënkmZ, Aëngm_Ï`©, qMVm_` jU^§Jwa OrdZ `m§Mm {ZË` AZw^d
AgVm§Zm _Zwî`mZ| Jd© H$emgmR>r dhmdm? Hw$üri Am{U jU^§JwaŸ& AI§S>
doWm qMVmVwaŸ& bmoH$ bJoM åhUVr WmoaŸ& doS>nU|Ÿ&&(Xm. 15-8-37) dmñV{dH$
238 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 239

na_mËå`mnmgyZ n¥WH$ Ag| H$moUr amhÿ eH$V Zmht, BVH|$M H$m` nU
~{bï>mM| ~b, VoOpñd`m§Mr VoOpñdVm, ~w{ÛdmZm§Mr ~w{Õ_Vm ho gd© Ë`m
na_mËå`mMoM. ~rO§ _m§ gd©^yVmZm§ {d{Õ nmW© gZmVZ§Ÿ& ~w{Õ~©{Õ_Vm_pñ_
VoO ñVoOpñdZm_h§Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 7-10) ~b§ ~bdVm§ Mmh§ Aer dñVwpñW{V
Agë`m_wi| ho _Zm, _r _moR>m, _mP|M VodT>| Ia| Agm A{^_mZ Z Y[aVm
gd© Ë`m B©œamM|M `m {ZûM`m§V amhm.
\w$H$mM| _wIt ~mobVm§ H$m` doMoŸ &
{Xg|Xrg Aä`§Var Jd© gm§M| Ÿ&
{H«$`odrU dmMmiVm ì`W© Amho Ÿ&
{dMma| VwPm Vy§{M emoYyZ nmho Ÿ&&114Ÿ&&
_moR>_moR>o n§{S>V A{^_mZmbm ~ir nSy>Z ~«÷amjg hmoD$Z ~gbo.
åhUyZ ho _Zm, gdmªV n§{S>V H$moU Agob Va Vmo EH$ AmË_mam_M hmo`,
Agm {Zü` H$ê$Z Xohm{^_mZ gmoSy>Z amhm, Agm _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V _Zmg
CnXoe Ho$bm. nU gdmªV kmZKZ AmË_mam_M _moR>m, AmnU Ho$di
`…H${üV² _mZd Amhm|, Ag| Ho$di Vm|S>mZ| åhUyZ MmbV Zmht. A{^_mZ
Zï> hmoÊ`mgmR>t àË`j IQ>nQ> nm{hOo, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
Ho$di ~S>~S> H$aÊ`m§V nXaM| H$m§ht IM© hmoV Zmht d H$mhr
H$amd|{h bmJV Zmht. Ë`m_wi| B©œa gd©k d gd©loð> AgyZ _mZdmZ| _rnUmMr
OmUrd{h R>ody§ Z`o, Ag| VÎdkmZ nwîH$i ~mobb| OmVo§. nU Ag| ~mobV
AgVm§ZmM A§V…H$aUmV {Xdg|{Xdg Amnë`m _moR>onUm~Ôb Jd© ~imdV
Mmbbobm AgVmo. _Z ho _moR>| {d{MÌ A§Va B§{Ð` Amho. V| XmI{dV| EH$
d H$aV| ^bV|M. V| H$mZmbm VÎdkmZ EoH$md`mg bmdV| d Xohmbm
Ü`mZmbm ~g{dV|, nU amhV| _wbIm§V qhS>V, _wImH$Sy>Z A{^_mZ gmoS>mdm
Ag| ~mob{dV| nU AmnU A{^_mZmbm {MH$Qy>Z Jdm©Z| \w$JyZ amhV|.
gm§JÊ`mM| VmËn`© BVH|$M H$s¨ ZwgV| ~mobU| ì`W© hmo`. ~mobÊ`m_mJ|
{H«$`oM| nmR>~i Agob VaM {hV hmoV|. nU H$m` H$amd| `mMm Omon`ªV
{ZüM hmoV Zmhr Vmon`ªV H$m`©{h KS>V Zmht. H$m`m©Mm {Zü` hmoÊ`mgmR>r
_Z EH$dQ>md| bmJV|. V| {ÛYm åhUOo A{Z{üV amhÿZ MmbV Zmht.
{Zü`mgmR>r ~wÕrer V| EH$ê$n ìhmd| bmJV|. `mgmR>t EH$M Cnm` Amho.
Vmo åhUOo _Zmbm {ddoH$ H$aÊ`mMr g§d` bmdU|. {ddoH$ h| A{Vloð> gmYZ
Amho. A{dMma hm{M ~§YŸ& VoU|{M hmoVmo{g ~ÕŸ&& åhUyZr gm§S>r A{ddoH$Ÿ&
hmoB© {dMmaYmaH$Ÿ&& (C. _m.) {ddoH$mZ| gmYZmMm {Zü` hmoVmo d {Zü`
Pmbm åhUOo H$moUV|{h H$m`© KS>V|. _Z h| B§{Ð` Ag| Amho H$s¨ V| {XgV
Zmht. åhUyZ Ë`mbm nH$Sy>Z H$m§ht {ejm H$[aVm§ `oV Zmhr. Ë`mbm
{ddoH$mÀ`m Iw§Q>çmg _mÌ ~m§YyZ R>o{dVm§ `oV|. Vg| ~m§Yb| åhUOo V| H$moR>|{h {\$ab|
Var {ddoH$mÀ`m ^mo§dVrM {\$aV|. _Z {XgV| _m Yamd|Ÿ& Á`mM| Ë`mZ| Amdamd|Ÿ&
Amdê$Z {ddoH|$ Yamd|Ÿ& AWmªVatŸ& (Xm. 18-10-17) åhUyZ eodQ>À`m MaUm§V
_Zmbm åhUVmV …-
ho _Zm, _r åhUVm| Ë`mà_mU| Vy§ H$m§ht H¥${V Z H$[aVm§ Vm|S>mZo _mÌ
~S>~S>Vmog Am{U Jdm©Z| \w$JyZ OmVmog. h| Ia| H$s¨ ImoQ>| `mMm Vy§M ZrQ>
{dMma H$ê$Z nmhm åhUOo VwP| VwbmM H$iob H$s¨, Vy§ bmoH$m§Zm Á`m
VÎdkmZmÀ`m Jmoï>r gm§JVmog Ë`mà_mU| VwPr ñdV…MrM H¥${V ZgVo Am{U
H¥${V Zmht Vm|n`ªV ~mobU| ì`W© hmo`, åhUyZ {dMmamZ| H$m` H$amd`mM| `mMm
{Zü` H$ê$Z H$m`© H$a. {dMma| {Züi Ombr ~w{ÕŸ& ~w{Õnmet H$m`© {g{ÕŸ&
nmhmVm§ d{S>bm§Mr ~w{ÕŸ& {Züit JobrŸ&& (Xm. 15-10-29) Á`m AmË_gÎmoda
Vy§ ZmMVmog {VH$S>o bj XoD$Z Ë`m AmË_ñdê$nr a§JyZ Om åhUOo _r _moR>m
hm Jd© amhUma Zmht.
VwQ>o dmX g§dmX VoW| H$amdm Ÿ&
{ddoH|$ Ah§^md hm nmbQ>mdm Ÿ&Ÿ&
OZt ~mobÊ`mgmaI| AmMamd|Ÿ&
{H«$`mnmbQ>| ^{º$n§W|{M Omd|Ÿ&&115Ÿ&&
H$m§ht {H«$`m Z H$[aVm§ Ho$di ~S>~S>V amhÊ`mZ| _rnUmMm VmR>m
VodT>m CËnÞ hmoVmo, h| Ia| H$s¨ ImoQ>| `mMm Vy§M {dMma H$a, Ago§ _mJrb
ûcmoH$m§V _Zmbm gm§{JVb|. `m ûcmoH$m§V _mJrb gmV ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVboë`m
{dMmam§Mm g_mamon H$ê$Z VmËn`© gm§JVmV.
OoW| dmX Z hmoVm eodQ> g_mYmZm§V hmoB©b VoW|M g§dmX H$amdm.
Ooìhm§ XmoÝhr{h ~mOy XwamJ«h gmoSy>Z em§VnUo Iè`mImoQ>çmMm {ZH$mb
bmdÊ`mÀ`m gX²hoVyZ| EH$Ì `oVmV, Voìhm§ dmXmMm {ZH$mb hmoVmo d VmoM g§dmX
240 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 241

åhUmdm. nU eodQ> {dV§S>dmXm§V hmoB©b H$s¨ g§dmXmV hmoB©b h| AmYt H$g| R>amd|?
Ë`mgmR>t nyd©gyMH$ EH$ Cnm` Amho. Vmo hm H$s¨ dmX KmbUmam Ah§_Ý` d XwamJ«hr
{H$VnV Amho h| àW_ WmoS>çm ~mobÊ`mdê$Z OmUyZ ¿`md|. Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt
Ah§H$ma Agob Va dmX H$ê§$M Z`o. H$maU H$moUVm{h nj A{^_mZmZ| noQ>bm H$s¨
dmXmMm eodQ> bmJV Zmht. XwamJ«h gwQ>ë`mg g§dmX hmoVmo. nar Eog| Z KS>o
H$m§htŸ& dmXmgr Ah§H$ma _yi nmhrŸ& OmUmo{Z ZoUnU KoVm§ {VhtŸ& dmX bmJo
~imdy§Ÿ&& (Zm. ^. gy. 887) Aem doit ""Vw_M|M ~amo~a'' Ag| åhUyZ _moH$i|
ìhmd|. nU `mM doit Amnë`m S>moŠ`mda{h Ah§H$mamM| AmoP| {H$VnV Amho h|
nm{hb| nm{hOo.
Amnë`m {R>H$mUt Ah§H$ma Agë`mg Vmohr ûcmoH$ 113 _Ü`|
gm§{JVë`mà_mU| {dMmanyd©H$ gmoSy>Z {Xbm nm{hOo. `mà_mU| XmoÝhr{h ~mOy
Ah§H$maa{hV, {dMmar, em§V Agë`m åhUOo dmX VwQ>Vmo d g§dmX hmoVmo. XmoKohr
em§VnU|Ÿ& {dMma H$ê§$ bmJVrb _Z|Ÿ& Var g§Vmofmgr H$m` CU|Ÿ& XwamJ«h
gm§{S>{b`mŸ&& (Zm. ^. gy. 886)
`mM~amo~a AmUIr{h EH$ Jmoï> bjm§V R>o{dbr nm{hOo, Vr hr H$s¨
AmnU Og| ~mobVm| Vg| Amnb| AmMaU nm{hOo. dmX Agmo H$s¨ gm_mÝ`OZm§g
CnXoe Agmo, Omo ~mobÊ`mà_mUo dmJVmo Ë`mÀ`m eãXmbmM _hÎd `oV| d Ë`mMmM
eãX _mZbm OmVmo. O¡g| _wI| kmZ ~moboŸ& V¡grM gd| {H«$`m MmboŸ& Xrjm
XoImoZr M{ŠH$V OmboŸ& ew{Mñ_§VŸ&& (Xm. 12-4-13) Z ~mobb| Var{h
Ho$di gXmMma d Mm[aÍ`g§nÞVm `m_wi| bmoH$m§V AmXa CËnÞ hmoVmo d
AmË_{hV gmYV|. `mgmR>t AmnU AmS>_mJm©da Agbm| Va Vmo gmoSy>Z gÝ_mJ©
Yamdm. `mà_mU| Amnë`m AmMaUm§V `mo½` Vmo \$aH$ H$ê$Z ^{ŠV_mJm©Z|M
Omd|.
ûcmoH$ 2 _Ü`| Og| ""_Zm g‚mZm ^{ŠVn§W|{M Omd|'' Ag| gm§{JVb|
Ë`mà_mU| MH$ma KmbyZ ""{H«$`mnmbQ>| ^{ŠVn§W|{M Omdo'' Ag| `oW| gm§JVmV.
AmMma-g§nÞ hmoD$Z ewÕ A§V…H$aUmZ| Ë`m ^Jd§VmM| ñ_aU H$amd| EdT>|M H$m_.
Agm hm gwb^ _mJ© Amho. `m _mJm©V `mVm`mV Zmhr, ~mø gm_wJ«rMr
Amdí`H$Vm Zmht, H$moR>| Xya Omd| bmJV Zmht. R>m`tM ~¡gmoZr ahmd|Ÿ& _Z
EH$mJ« H$amd|Ÿ& ^Jd§VmM| ñ_aU R>odmd|Ÿ& gd© H$mit _mZgtŸ&& (Zm. ^. gy.
639) ^{ŠV hr gmonr Amho H$s¨ Zmht h| H$moUmbm {dMmaÊ`mM| H$maU Zmhr.
H$moUV|{h à_mU emoYrV Z ~gVm ñdV…M AZw^d KoD$Z nmhmdm. OdiM
Agboë`m öX`ñW AmË_mam_mÀ`m qMVZmV Ho$dT>m AmZ§X Amho d Ho$dT>r
em§{V Amho h| Á`mM| Ë`mZ| AZw^dyZ nmhmd|. _mÌ `mgmR>t à`ËZnyd©H$
Aä`mg nm{hOo. _Zwî` Ñí` g¥ï>tVrb {df`m§VyZ AmZ§X d em§{V àmá hmoÊ`mgmR>t
nwîH$i YS>nS>Vmo. nU OdiM Agboë`m gwImÀ`m R>oì`mH$S>o Ë`mM| bj OmV
Zmht. B©œa-qMVZm_wi| AmZ§X d em§{V Va {_iVoM {edm` ^ŠVH¡$dmar ^JdmZ²
hm Amnbmgm hmoVmo d Ë`mÀ`m H¥$noZ| Amnbm H$moUVm{h H$m`©^mJ gmYVm|. B©œa
gd©^yV öX`ñWŸ& OdirM Ago Zm§XVŸ& qMVZ H$[aVm§ gH$i hoVŸ& nwady§
bmJo ghOŸ&& qMVZ h| Ë`mMr godmŸ& Oar {ZË` KS>ob `m OrdmŸ&
H$emMmhr Z nS>o JmodmŸ& gXm _Z àgÞŸ&& (Zm. ^. gy. 644, 645)
åhUyZ ^{ŠVn§W|{M Omd|.
~hÿ lm{nVm§ H$ï>bm A§~F${f Ÿ&
V`mMo ñd`| lrhar OÝ_ gmoer Ÿ&
{Xëhm jraqgYy V`m D$n_mZr Ÿ&
Zwnojr H$Xm Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr Ÿ&&116Ÿ&&
dmXmMm eodQ> hmoB©b VoW|M g§dmX H$amdm, ñdV…Mm A{^_mZ
gmoS>mdm, ~mobÊ`mà_mU| dmJmd| d Aem gmpÎdH$ A§V…H$aUmZ| ^{ŠV_mJm©Z|M
Omd|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. Xod hm ^ŠV H¡$dmar Agë`m_wi|
Ord hm EH$Xm§ H$m ^ŠVH$moQ>tV Jobm åhUOo Xod Ë`mM| Xw…I {ZdmaU H$[aVmo d
Ë`mMo bmS> nwa{dVmo, Ag| `m nwT>rb Xhm ûcmoH$m§V {Za{Zamio nm¡am{UH$ XmIbo
XoD$Z gm§JVmV.
_mJrb ""Zwnojr H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZr'' `m 28 Vo 36 íbmoH$m§À`m
JQ>mà_mU| hm{h ""Zwnojr H$Xm Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr'' Agm 116 Vo 125
ûcmoH$m§Mm JQ> Amho. _mJë`m JQ>m§V am_Xmgm{^_mZr Ago eãX AgyZ `m
JQ>m§V Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr Ago eãX AmhoV. Zwnojr H$Xm d A{^_mZr ho eãX
`m XmoÝhr JQ>m§V VgoM AmhoV. A§VamË_m hmM g_WmªMm am_ qH$dm Xod
Agë`m_wi| Zwnojr H$Xm am_ åhQ>b| H$m` d Zwnojr H$Xm Xod åhQ>b| H$m`
AW© EH$M. \$aH$ Amho Vmo Xmg d ^ŠV `m XmoZ eãXm§V.
Xmg hm Zd{dYm ^ŠVtVrb gmVì`m åhUOo Xmñ`^ŠVtV pñWa
Pmbobm AgVmo. godH$ hm Z_«nU| YÝ`mÀ`m ñdmYrZ hmoD$Z Ogm amhVmo,
242 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 243

Vg|M `m XmgmM| bjU AgV|. XodmMr _Ou V|M `mM| Bï> Agë`m_wi| Vmo
qMVma{hV AgVmo. Ë`mMr ñdV…Mr H$mhr _mJUr ZgV|. Var gXm {Z^©a
XmgŸ& qMVm Amg{da{hVŸ&& am̧{Xdg XodmMr godm H$aU| EdT>|M Ë`mbm
R>mD$H$. Xmgm{^_mZr XodM Ë`mÀ`m O| {hVmM| V| H$[aVmo. Xmg Z R>odr nmoQ>mMr
qMVmŸ& V¡gr `moJjo_mMr qMVmŸ&& Z R>odmdr gd©WmŸ& V| Ko _mWm§
na_oœaŸ&& (X. _. 1-53) EImXm gV²erb d gMmoQ>rMm _wZr_ YÝ`mMr
B_mZmZ| godm H$ê$Z Ë`mM| ào_ g§nmXZ H$ê$Z godH$mMm gIm hmoVmo, Vg|M
Xmñ`^{ŠV \$imbm Ambr åhUOo hm Xmg g»`^ŠVtV CVaVmo. ^Jd§VmM|
^OZ H$aUmam nwÊ`dmZ àmUr hm AmV©, {Okmgy, AWm©Wu Agm{h ^ŠV Agy
eHo$b qH$dm kmZr, {ZË``wŠV Agm{h Agob. gmam§e, _mJrb JQ>m§Vrb ûcmoH$
Xmñ`^ŠVrbm åhUOo gmYZ {dMmambm AZwgê$Z AmhoV Ag| dmQ>V|.
Xwdm©g F$ftZt emn {Xë`m_wi| A§~arf amOmbm \$ma Xw…I Pmb|.
nU ^ŠVdËgb ^Jd§Vm§Zr Ë`m emnmMm ñdV…M A§JrH$ma H$ê$Z ^ŠVmbm
Xw…Ina§naoVyZ gmoS>{db|.
`m H$Wog§~§Yt _V^oX {XgVmV. Xwdm©gm§Zr§ A§~arfmda H¥$Ë`m
gmoS>ë`m_wi| Ë`m§À`m _mJ| bmJb|b| gwXe©Z MH«$ Vo A§~arfmbmM eaU Joë`mda
em§V Pmb|, Ag| ^mJdVmV dU©Z Amho. nU A§~arfmgmR>t ^Jd§Vm§Zr OÝ_
KoÊ`mM| nËH$ab| `m~Ôb ^mJdVm§V AmYma Zgmdm Ag| e§H$a lrH¥$îU Xod
åhUVmV. H$moUr gwXe©ZMH«$mMr H$Wm gm§JyZ ^ŠVmgmR>t ^Jd§Vm§ZrM OÝ_
KoÊ`mM| ñdV…M A§JrH$m[ab| Ag| åhQ>b| Amho. `m ûcmoH$m§VrV ^mdmbm
AZwgê$Z Jwê$M[aÌm§Vrb AÜ`m` VrZ_Ü`| gm§{JVbobm H$Wm^mJ OmñV J«mø
dmQ>Vmo åhUyZ VmoM ñdrH$mabm Amho.
A§~arf ZmdmMm EH$ nwÊ`dmZ, Y_©erb, kmZr d {dîUw^ŠV Agm
amOm hmoVm. Vmo EH$mXer d«V H$arV Ago. Ë`m {Xdet H$moUr A{V{W
Amë`mg Ë`mMr A¿`©nmÚnyOm H$ê$Z gd© H$mi Vmo h[aqMVZm§V amhr. Ë`mÀ`m
`m d«VmMm hÅ>mZo ^§J H$aÊ`mgmR>t EH$Xm§ Xwdm©g F$fr Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o A{V{W
åhUyZ Ambo. Ë`m {Xdet gmYZÛmXer EH$ KS>r^aM hmoVr Am{U
AH$ñ_mV² A{V{W Va ~w{Õnwañga Ambo, `m_wi| A§~arfmg YmH$ nS>bm.
Xwdm©gm§Mr nmÚnyOm H$ê$Z, Ë`m§Zm d§XZ H$ê$Z, ñZmZ-AZwð>mZm{X AmQ>monyZ
nmaU| gmoS>Ê`mgmR>t bdH$a `md|, Aer amOmZo {dZ§Vr Ho$br. nU Xwdm©gZm
`oÊ`mg {db§~ Pmbm. d«V^§J hmoD§$ Z`o åhUyZ amOmZ| Ho$di VrW© KoD$Z nmaU|
gmo{S>b|. Xwdm©g Amë`mda nmaU| gwQ>ë`mM| nmhÿZ Vo A{Ve` amJmdb|. Ë`m
amJmÀ`m ^amV Ë`m§Zr§ ""Vwbm _moj Z {_iVm§ ZmZm `moZtV OÝ_md| bmJob''
Agm amOmg emn {Xbm. emn EoHy$Z amOmZ| ^Jd§VmM| ñ_aU Ho$b| Am{U
emndmUr nyU© hmoVr Z hmoVr Vm|M öfrHo$e àJQ> Pmbo. amOmZ| F$frMm emn
\w$H$Q> OmUma Zmht ho§ OmUyZ ^ŠVdËgb {dîUyÀ`m MaUm§g KÅ> {_Ç>r _mabr.
Voìhm§ {dîUw åhUVmV- {dîUw åhUo Xwdm©gmgrŸ& Vwdm§ em{nb| A§~arfmgrŸ&&
amIrZ Amnë`m XmgmgrŸ& emn Amåhm§gr Vwåhr ÚmdmŸ&& (Jw. M. 3-
66) Xwdm©g ho XyaÑï>rMo kmZr Agë`m_wi| ^Jd§VmZtM AdVma KoVë`mg
gmYy§M| g§ajU, Xwï>m§Mm Zme d Y_©ñWmnZm BË`m{X Jmoï>r hmoVrb, ^y^ma
hbH$m hmoB©b Agm {dMma H$ê$Z namonH$mamW© {dîUy§Zm emn XoÊ`mM| Ë`m§Zt
R>a{db|. V| {dîUy§Zm åhUVmV- Eog| {dMmamoZr _mZgtŸ& Xwdm©g åhUo
{dîUygrŸ& AdVamoZr ^y_rgr ZmZm ñWmZr§ OÝ_md|Ÿ&&74Ÿ&& à{gÕ hmogr
doi XhmŸ& Cna AdVma nyU© nhmŸ&Ÿ&75Ÿ&& Eogm H$m`©H$maU| emnŸ& A§{JH$mar
OJmMm ~mnŸ&&76Ÿ&& åhUyZ V`mMo ñd`| lrhar OÝ_ gmoet'' Ag| g_W©
åhUVmV. {deof ñnï>rH$aUmW© lrkmZoœam§Zt{h ho nm¡am{UH$ XmIbo {R>H${R>H$mUt
kmZoœatV {Xbo AmhoV. A. 11 _Ü`o AOw©ZmÀ`m _Zm§V {dœê$nXe©Zmg§~§Yr
{dMma Mmby AgVm Ë`mbm dmQ>V| H$s ^Jd§Vm§Zr EH$mMo J^©dmg{h gmogbo, nU
{dœê$n _mÌ H$moUmgM XmI{db| Zmhr. EH$mMo J^©dmghr gm{hboŸ&& (km.
11-35)
Cn_Ý`w hm d{gð> Hw$bm§Vrb ì`mK«nmXmMm dS>rb _wbJm. KaMr
AË`§V J[a~r Agë`m_wio Ë`mMr AmB© Ë`mbm nmÊ`m§V nrR> H$mbdyZ XyY
åhUyZ XoV Ago. EH$Xm§ IoimgmR>t Vmo Xwgè`m {R>H$mUt Jobm AgVm§ Ë`mbm
VmO| XyY XoÊ`m§V Amb|. Kat Amë`mda Vmo XwYmgmR>r hÅ> Yê$Z ~gbm Voìhm§
d¡VmJmZ| Ë`mMr AmB© Ë`mbm åhUmbr H$s¨, nyd©OÝ_t Vy§ H$m§ht B©emamYZm Ho$br
Zmhtg Va Vwbm XyY H$g| {_imd| ? h| EoHy$Z Ë`m§Z| H$S>H$ Vn Ho$b|. Voìhm
e§H$a àgÞ hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zr Ë`mbm gVV XyY {_imd| åhUyZ jrag_wÐ {Xbm.
lrH¥$îU ho AOw©ZmÀ`m ñdmYrZ Pmë`m_wio Ë`mbm H$moUV| gwI àmá
hmoUma Zmht ? Agm {df` _m§S>rV AgVm kmZoœa åhUVmV, ""nmho nm§ lre§^yMr
àgÞVmŸ& V`m Cn_Ý`y{M`m AmVm©Ÿ& H$m` jrampãY XyY^mVmŸ&
XoBOo{MZmŸ&&'' (km. 5-11) Vg|M Jwé_{h_m gm§JVmZm Vo åhUVmV, ""_mJm§ XyY
Xo åhUV{b`mgmR>tŸ& AmK{d`m{M jramãYrMr H$ê${Z dmQ>rŸ& Cn_Ý`ynyT>o
244 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 245

YyO©Q>tŸ& R>o{dbr O¡grŸ&& (km. 10-17)
Vg|M g_W© åhUVmV H$s¨ ^Jd§V hm ^ŠVm{^_mZr Agë`m_wi|
""{Xbm jraqgYw''.
Ywê$ boH$ê§$ ~mnwS>| X¡Ý`dmU| Ÿ&
H¥$nm ^m{H$Vm§ XrYbr ^oQ> OoU| Ÿ&
{Ma§Ord Vmam§JUt ào_ImUr Ÿ&
Zwnojr H$Xm Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr Ÿ&&117Ÿ&&
^ŠVm{^_mZr Xod ^ŠVmÀ`m ào_mH$S>o nmhVmo, Ë`mÀ`m bhmZ-
WmoanUmH$S>o nhmV Zmht, Ag| Y«wdmM| CXmhaU XoD$Z `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
nm§M dfmªM| AZmW Yw«d ~mi V| H$m`, dZm§V OmD$Z H$S>H$ Vn H$aV| V|
H$m` Am{U B©œaàm{á H$ê$Z KoV| V| H$m` ! ""AZÝ`mMo bmS> nwadr Zmam`U''
h|M Ia| Zìho H$m` ?
`mH$Wog ^mJdVmMm AmYma Amho (ñH§$. 4, A. 8 Vo 12).
CÎm_nmX amOmbm gw{ZVr d gwéMr Aem XmoZ pñÌ`m hmoË`m. gwZr{V hr
dS>rb d {VMm _wbJm Y«wd, gwé{M hr YmH$Q>r d {VMm _wbJm CÎm_.
YmH$Q>r gwê$Mr hr amOmMr bmS>H$s hmoVr. EH$Xm§ amOm CÎm_mbm
_m§S>rda KoD$Z ~gbm AgVm§ Yw«dmZ| V| nm{hb| d Vmo{h amOmÀ`m
Xwgè`m _m§S>rda OmD$Z ~gbm. h| nmhyZ gwéMr amJmdbr d {Vbm ~a| dmQ>md|
åhUyZ amOmZ| Y«wdmbm _m§S>rdê$Z T>H$bb|. gwéMrZo Ë`mbm _m§S>rdê$Z AmoT>b|
Ag|{h H$moUr åhUVmV. Y«wd aS>V Amnë`m AmB©H$S>o Jobm. Voìhm gwZr{V
Ë`mbm åhUmbr, ""~mim aSy>§ ZH$mo, hr na_oœamMr BÀN>m, Vmo R>odrb Vg|
amhmd|, aSy>Z H$m` Cn`moJ?'' Voìhm§ Yw«d åhUmbm- _r nao_œambmM ^oQ>Vm| d
Ë`mbmM {dMmaVm|. AmB© åhUmbr- ~m~m, na_oœa H$m` \w$H$Q>Mm ^oQ>Vmo?
Ë`mgmR>t EH$mÝVm§V Vn H$amd| bmJV|. Vy§ Va bhmZ. VwÂ`m hmVyZ h| H$g| O_ob
~a|? nU Y«wdmZ| VnmMm _Zm§V ÑT> {Zü` Ho$bm d dZm§V OmD$Z Vmo Vn H$ê§$
bmJbm. H$m§hr H$mimZ| Ë`mg ZmaX _w{Z ^oQ>bo. Ë`mMr {Zð>m {H$VnV ÑT> Amho
h| nmhÊ`mgmR>r ZmaXm§Zr dZm§V amhÊ`mV YmoH$m H$gm Amho h| Ë`mbm gm§{JVb|.
nU eodQ>t Ë`mMm ÑT> {Zü` nmhÿZ ZmaXm§Zr Ë`mbm ÛmXemjar _§ÌmMm
CnXoe Ho$bm. Ë`mà_mU| Vn Ho$ë`mda ^Jd§V àgÞ Pmbm d Ë`m§Zr Ë`mbm
~mnmMr _m§S>rM H$m` nU H$m`_M| AT>i nX {Xb|. ^JdV²ào_mMr ImUr
Agm Omo Y«wd Vmo Vmam§JUr {Ma§Ord Pmbm åhUOo Ë`mZ| AT>i nX {_i{db|.
Jwé_{h_m dU©Z H$aVm§Zm kmZXod åhUVmV, ""Zm Var d¡Hw§$R>nrR>Zm`H|$Ÿ& égbm
Y«wd H$d{VH|$Ÿ& ~wPm{dbm XoD${Z ^mVwH|$Ÿ& Yw«dnXmM|Ÿ&&'' (km. 10-18)
^ŠV ~mi Agbm Var Xod Ë`mMo bmS> nwa{dVmo Agm Vmo ^ŠVm{^_mZr
Amho.
JO|Ðÿ _hmg§H$Q>r dmg nmho Ÿ&
V`mH$maU| lrhar Ym§dVmho Ÿ&
CS>r KmVbr Omhbm OrdXmZr Ÿ&
Zwnojr H$Xm Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr Ÿ&&118Ÿ&&
^ŠVm{^_mZr Xod Ho$di ~mbH$mMoM bmS> nwa{dVmo Ag| ZgyZ
neyZo{h Ë`mM| ào_mZ| ñ_aU Ho$b| Var Vmo nmdVmo, Ag| EH$m H$WoÀ`m AmYma|
gm§JVmV.
{Odmda Amboë`m g§H$Q>m§V gmnS>ë`m_wi| JO|Ð ZmdmÀ`m EH$m hÎmrZ|
^Jd§VmM| H$idiyZ ñ_aU Ho$ë`m~amo~a Vmo har Ë`mÀ`mgmR>t YmdV Jobm d
Ë`mbm g§H$Q> _wŠV Ho$b|. Xod AZmWm§Mm H¡$njrŸ& ZmZm g§H$Q>mnmgyZr ajrŸ&
Ym§{dÞbm A§VagmjrŸ& JO|ÐmH$maU|Ÿ&& (Xm. 4-8-27) `m H$Wog ^mJdVmMm
AmYma Amho. (ñH§$. 8, A. 2 Vo 4) hm JO|Ð åhUOo nyd©OÝ_m§Vrb BÝÐÚwåZ
ZmdmMm em{nV amOm. hm Y_©erb, namH«$_r d {dîUw^ŠV hmoVm. nU `Wm`mo½`
AmXam{VÏ` Z Pmë`m_wi| AJpñV F$ftZt Ë`mbm ""Vy§ JO`moZr nmderb'' Agm
emn {Xbm. VgmM ZH«$ qH$dm _Ja hm XodF$ftZt emn {Xbobm nyd©OÝ_mVrb hÿhÿ
Zm§dmM J§Yd©. `m XmoKmhr ney§Mr nwîH$a VrWm©da Jm§R> nS>br. JO|Ð hm Amnë`m
h{ÎmUtÀ`m H$inm§V Ob{H«$S>m H$arV AgVm§ ZH«$mZ| Ë`mMm nm` Yabm d Ë`mg Vmo
nmÊ`mV AmoTy>§ bmJbm. JO|ÐmZ| nm` gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>t nwîH$i YS>nS> Ho$br nU
ZH«$mÀ`m O~S>çm§VyZ nm` gwQ>oZm. Vmo hVme Pmbm d Amnë`m gwQ>Ho$gmR>t Ë`mZ|
Amnë`m Amá H$inmMr `mMZm Ho$br. Ë`mMr gwQ>H$m Va H$moUr Ho$br ZmhtM,
nU Ë`mbm EH$Q>çmbm g§H$Q>mV gmoSy>Z gd© {ZKyZ Jobo. Ë`mMm Yra gwQ>bm. nU
nyd©OÝ_m§Vrb g§ñH$mam_wi| Ë`mbm h[añ_aU Pmb| d AmVm§ VmoM Amnbm ÌmVm
Ag| dmQ>b|. VwH$mo~m åhUVmV. gwöXt gm§{S>b| H$moUr Zmhr gmhoŸ& A§Vt dmQ>
246 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 247

nmho {dR>mo VwPrŸ&& AmVm AmnU dm§MV Zmhr Ag| nmhÿZ Ë`m§Z| Ë`mM
gamodam§Vrb EH$ H$_i gm|S>oZ| VmoSy>Z V| ^Jd§Vmbm An©U Ho$b| d AmV© hmoD$Z
Ë`mMm Ymdm Ho$bm. ~«rXmZo ~m§Ybobo lr{dîUw JéS>mMrhr dmQ> Z nmhVm§ (Ë`mgmR>t
JéS> gm§Sy>{Z Ymdgr A. 405) VoW| YmdV Ambo Ë`m§Zr ZH«$mbm _mê$Z JO|ÐmMr
_wŠVVm Ho$br d {dîUwñnem©Zo Vmo ZH«$hr _wŠV Pmbm. VmËn`©, ór Agmo, d¡í`
Agmo, Hw$b H$g|{h Agmo BVHo$M H$m` nU XohmZ| ney{h Agbm Var {OdmMr
gmW©H$Vm ^JdV² eaUmJVtVM Amho. ^Jd§V åhUVmV, nmh| nm gmdO|
hm{Vê§$ Y[ab|Ÿ& VoU| V`m H$mHw$iVr _mV| ñ_[ab|Ÿ& H$s¨ V`mM| newËd
dmdmo Omhb|Ÿ& nmV{b`m _mV|Ÿ&& (km. 9-442) åhUmo{Z Hw$i Om{VdU©Ÿ& ho
AmKdo{M Jm AH$maUŸ& EW AOw©Zm _mPo nUŸ& gmW©H$ EH$Ÿ&& (km. 9-456)
AOm_oi nmnr V`m A§V Ambm Ÿ&
H¥$nmiynU| Vmo OZt _wŠV Ho$bm Ÿ&
AZmWm{g AmYma hm MH«$nmUr Ÿ&
Zwnojr H$Xm Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr Ÿ&&119Ÿ&&
nmnr AOm_ri hm _¥Ë`y_wIt nS>V AgVm§ Ë`mMm H$idim `oD$Z
MH«$nm{U lr{dîUyZt `m _¥Ë`ybmoH$m§VyZ Ë`mbm _wŠV Ho$b|. `mà_mU| ^ŠVm{^_mZr
Xod hm {ZamYma XrZ ^ŠVm§Mm \$ma _moR>m AmYma Amho. Vmo ^ŠVmMr Cnojm
H$arV Zmhr. _mJ| ûcmoH$ 95 _Ü`| AOm{_imMm XmIbm {Xbm, VgmM Vmo
`oW|{h {Xbm Amho. _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V Zm_mM| loð>Ëd à{VnmXZ H$aÊ`mgmR>t
Ë`mMm C„oI Ho$bm d `m ûcmoH$m§V Xod hm ^ŠVm{^_mZr H$gm Amho h|
XmI{dÊ`mgmR>t Ë`mMm C„oI Amho. ûcmoH$ 95 _Ü`o AOm{_imMr H$Wm
g{dñVa gm§{JVbr Agë`m_wio Ë`mMr nwZé{ŠV Z H$[aVm `oWo Xod H¥$noMm
gmJéŸ& Xod H$éUoMm OiYéŸ& Xodmer ^ŠVm§Mm {dgéŸ& nS>Uma ZmhrŸ&&
(Xm. 4-8-28) EdT>| åhQ>b| åhUO| nwao Amho.
{dYrH$maU| Omhbm _Ëñ` doJt Ÿ&
Yar Hy$_©ê$n| Yam n¥ð>^mJt Ÿ&
OZm ajUmH$maU| ZrM `moZr Ÿ&
Zwnojr H$Xm Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr Ÿ&&120Ÿ&&
`m ûcmoH$m§V ^ŠVm{^_mZr Xod ^ŠVOZm§gmR>t {H$Vr hbŠ`m `moZr{h
YmaU H$[aVm| h| _Ëñ`, Hy$_©, damhm{X AdVmam§Mo XmIbo XoD$Z gm§JVmV.
AdVmam§Mo Amdoe, A§e d nyU© Ago VrZ àH$ma AmhoV. Ë`m§n¡H$s ho Amdoe
AdVma hmoV. am_ hm A§e AdVma d H¥$îU hm nyU© AdVma g_OVmV.
^Jd§VmZ| ~«÷XodmgmR>t bJ|M _Ëñ`ê$n YmaU Ho$bo. `m
AdVmaH$Wog§~§Yt _V^oX {XgVmo. nyd©H$ënmeodQ>t n¥Ïdrda gË`d«V Zm§dmMm
EH$ ^JdV² ^ŠV amOm hmoVm. VmoM Mmby H$ënm§Vrb ñd`§^w _Zw hmo`
àb`H$mbm§Vrb Obàb`m§V _Ëñ`mdVmamÀ`m qeJmbm Amnbr Zmd ~m§YyZ
amOmZo `m àb`mnmgyZ Amnb| ajU H$ê$Z ¿`md| Aer amOmbm nyd© gyMZm
XoD$Z ^Jd§VmZ| hm AdVma Ë`m amOmÀ`m ajUmW© KoVbm Aer H$Wm H$moUr
{Xbr Amho. na§Vw {dYrH$maU| Omhbm _Ëñ` doJr Ag| g_WmªZr åhQ>ë`m_wi|
~«÷XodmgmR>t ^Jd§VmZt KoVboë`m _Ëñ` AdVmamMr H$Wm OmñV J«mø dmQ>Vo.
H$ënH$mbt ~«÷Xod {ZÐm KoD§$ bmJbo AgVm§, h`J«rd X¡Ë`mZ| Ë`m§À`m
_wIm§Vrb doX haU H$ê$Z g_wÐm§V Zobo. Ë`m doit ^Jd§Vm§Zt _Ëñ`ê$n YmaU
H$ê$Z Ë`m X¡Ë`mbm _mê$Z ~«÷Xodm§Zm doX naV AmUyZ {Xbo, Aer H$Wm Amho.
Hy$_m©dVmat ^Jd§Vm§Zt Amnë`m nmR>rda n¥Ïdr YmaU Ho$br.
g_wÐ_§WZmÀ`m doit _§Xma nd©V Imbt OmD§$ bmJbm d Vmo ~wS>Vmo H$s¨ H$m`
Aer Xodm§Zm qMVm dmQy>§ bmJbr. Voìhm§ ^Jd§Vm§Zr ^ì` Ag| H$mgdmMo ê$n
YmaU H$ê$Z Vmo nd©V Amnë`m nmR>rda KoVbm d A_¥V àmá H$ê$Z XoÊ`m§V
Xodm§Zm gmhmæ` Ho$b|.
BVH|$M H$m` nU damhmgmaI| AJXt hbŠ`m àVrM|ht ê$n YmaU
H$ê$Z bmoH$ajU Ho$b|. ^yXodrbm X¡Ë`m§Zt g_wÐm§V AmoTy>Z Zob| AgVm§ {Vbm da
H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r XodmZ| CJ« damhê$n YmaU Ho$ë`mMr H$Wm ^mJdVm§V Amho.
(ñH§$. 3, A. 13) `mà_mU| Xod ^ŠVm§Mm A{^_mZr Agë`m_wio Vmo Ë`m§Mr
Cnojm H$arV Zmht.
_hm^ŠV àëhmX hm H$ï>drbmŸ &
åhUmoZr V`mH$maU| qgh Ombm Ÿ&
Z `o Ádmi {demi gÞrY H$moUr Ÿ&
Zwnojr H$Xm Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr Ÿ&&121Ÿ&&
248 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 249

n{hbo VrZ AdVma ^ŠVm{^_mZr XodmZo H$go YmaU Ho$b| h| _mJrb
ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. `m ûcmoH$m§V ^ŠV àëhmXmgmR>t KoVboë`m MdÏ`m Zaqgh
AdVmamMo dU©Z Amho. _mJrb ûcmoH$ 96 _Ü`| Zm__mhmËå` gm§JÊ`mgmR>r
àëhmXmMm C„oI `oD$Z Jobm. `m ûcmoH$m§V Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr H$gm Amho h|
XmI{dÊ`mgmR>t Ë`mMm C„oI nwZ… Ho$bm Amho. `m ûcmoH$mWm©nwaVm Ë`mMm
H$Wm{dMma nmhÿ§.
^ŠVrnmgyZ namd¥Îm hmoÊ`mgmR>t {haÊ`H$í`nyZ| àëhmXmg \$ma
N>{ib|. nU gd© N>i ghZ H$ê$Z{h Vmo ^ŠVM am{hbm. ûcmoH$ 96 _Ü`|
d `oW|{h Ë`mbm _hm^ŠV Ag| åhQ>b| Amho. Ë`mM| H$maU Ag| H$s¨ Á`m§Zt
Ë`mÀ`mgmR>t AdVma KoVbm Vo ^Jd§VM Ë`mMm _{h_m ñdV… JmVmV. {haÊ`H$í`nyZ|
~«÷XodmnmgyZ daXmZ {_idyZ Amnb| Or{dV BVH|$ gwa{jV H$ê$Z KoVb| hmoV| H$s¨
gd© ^jH$ H$mbmMr{h Ë`mbm {\$H$sa ZìhVr. Kam§V, ~mhoa, {Xdgm, amÌr, Za,
new BË`m{XH$m§nmgyZ _¥Ë`w Zgmdm Agm hm {d{MÌ da hmoVm. Aem `m {d{MÌ
damMm _mZ R>odyZ{h ^Jd§Vmbm Á`m ^ŠVmÀ`m ajUmW© {d{MÌ AdVma KoD$Z
Im§~mVyZ Zaqghê$n KoD$Z àJQ> ìhmd| bmJb| Vmo H$m` gm_mÝ` ^ŠV åhUmdm?
åhUyZ ^Jd§VM ñdV… AOw©Zmbm åhUVmV. nmho nm ^ŠVrMo{Z A{WbonU|Ÿ& X¡Ë`t
X|dm Am{Ub| CU|Ÿ& _mP| Z¥qghËd boU|Ÿ& O`m{M`o _{h_oŸ&& (km. 9-450)
_bm `m àëhmXmgmR>r AdVma ¿`mdm bmJbm BVH|$M Zìho Va _mÂ`met Ë`mMr
VwbZm Ho$br AgVm§ VmoM H$mH$U^a gag R>aob. H$maU _r Omo _moj XoVmo Vmo Ho$di
Ë`mÀ`m H$Wm ldU H$ê$Z {_iVmo. Vmo àëhmXw Jm _OgmR>tŸ& KoVm§ ~hþV| gXm
{H$arQ>rŸ& H$m§ O| {_`m Úmd| Vo Jmoï>rŸ& V`m{M`m OmoS>oŸ&& (km. 9-451) Aem `m
^ŠVloð>mMm Ë`mÀ`m ~mnmH$Sy>Z AZpÝdV N>i Pmë`m_wi| Xodmbm XohmZ| Za d
_wImZ| qgh Ag| {d{MÌ ê$n ¿`md| bmJb|.
Ádmi åhUOo A{¾, {demi d {dfmi Ago XmoZ nmR> {XgVmV.
{demi åhUOo _moR>m. {dfmi åhUOo {dfm§ar. {dfmi åhUOo e§H$a Agm
H$moUr AW© bm{dVmV nU {demi h| ÁdmiM| {deofU KoD$Z AW© H$aU| ~a|
dmQ>V|. {haÊ`H$í`nyÀ`m dYmÀ`m doit V| Zaqghê$n BVH|$ CJ« d ^`mZH$
Pmb| H$s¨ Ë`mÀ`m _wIm§VyZ {ZKUmè`m {dfmar d VmnXm`H$ A{¾Ádmim§nwT>o
H$moUr{h OmD§$ eHo$Zm. ~«÷Xod, e§H$a BË`m{XH$m§Zr XodmMr ñVw{V Ho$br Var
H$moUrhr nwT>o OmÊ`mg YOoZm. àË`j bú_rbm{h nwT>| OmÊ`mM| Y¡`© hmoB©Zm.
Voìhm§ ~«÷XodmZ| àëhmXmg nwT>| Ho$b|. Ë`mbm Ë`m CJ« ê$nmMr _wirM ^r{V
dmQ>br Zmht. Ë`mZ| gmï>m§J Z_Z H$ê$Z Ë`m ê$nmMr ñVw{V Ho$br V|ìhm§ ^JdmZ²
g§Vwï> hmoD$Z em§V Pmbo d Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m bmS>Š`m ^ŠVmg ào_mZ| {_R>r
_mê$Z nmoQ>mer KoVb|. hr H$Wm ^mJdV ñH§$ 7 A. 5 Vo 10 _Ü`| Ambr
Amho. har^ŠV EH$ Omhbm àëhmXŸ& Á`mMm JmoqdX H¡$dmar Ÿ&& H¡$dmar
har amIo ZmZmnarŸ& Eogm ^md Yar Amb`ma|Ÿ&&
H¥$nm ^m{H$Vm Omhbm dO«nmUr Ÿ&
V`mH$maU| dm_Zy MH«$nmUr Ÿ&
{ÛOm§H$maU| ^mJ©d MmnnmUr Ÿ&
Zwnojr H$Xm Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr Ÿ&&122Ÿ&&
`m ûcmoH$m§V Xod hm ^ŠVH¡$dmar H$gm Amho h| nm§Mì`m d ghmì`m
åhUOo dm_Z d naewam_ `m AdVmam§Mo XmIbo XoD$Z gm§JVmV.
dO«nmUr åhUOo B§ÐmZ| H¥$noMr `mMZm Ho$br AgVm§ MH«$Ymar {dîUyZ|
Ë`mÀ`mgmR>t dm_Z AdVma KoVbm. {damoMZnwÌ d àëhmXmMm ZmVy ~ir hm
Ym{_©H$ d CXma Agm X¡Ë`m§Mm amOm hmoVm. Xodm§er hmoUmè`m `wÕm§V g§OrdZr
{dÚo_wio Vmo {Od§V amhr. B§ÐnX àmá hmoÊ`mgmR>t Ë`mZ| e§^a `km§Mm g§H$ën
Ho$bm d Zì`mÊUd `k nwao Ho$bo. eodQ>Mm `k Mmby AgVm§ B§Ðm{X Xod
{dîUyg eaU Jobo. {dîUyZ| ~Qw> dm_Z AdVma KoD$Z `mMH$ê$nmZ| `km§V
~irbm {ÌnmX ^y_rM| XmZ _m{JVb|. X¡Ë` Jwê$ ewH«$mMm`mªZr§ ho XmZ Z
XoÊ`mMm g„m {Xbm AgVm§{h Vmo Z EoH$Vm§ ~irZ| ~Qy>À`m hmVmda XmZmM|
CXH$ gmoS>b|. dm_ZmZ| {damQ> ñdê$n YmaU H$ê$Z EH$m nmdbmZ| n¥Ïdr d
Xwgè`m nmdbmZ| AmH$me ì`m{nb|. {Vgè`m nmdbmgmR>t ~irZ| Amnb|
_ñVH$ nwT>| Ho$b| AgVm§ Ë`mg nmVmim§V XS>nb|. nU Ë`mM| h| CËH$Q>
Am¡Xm`© nmhÿZ ^JdmZ² àgÞ Pmbo. ""d¡dñdV _Ýd§Va'' Agon`ªV Vy Cn|Ð amherb
d Z§Va B§Ð hmoerb, Vm|n`ªV Vy§ nmVmimM| amÁ` H$a'' Agm Ë`m§Zr da {Xbm.
Ë`mÀ`m ajUmW© ^JdmZ² ñdV… Ë`mMo Ûmanmi hmoD$Z am{hb| AOw©Z åhUVmo, XmZ
_mJmoZr Xmad§R>oH$ê$Ÿ& Omhbmgr ~irMmŸ&& (km. 11-106) ~irH$S>o XmZ
_mJUog Jobo d Ûmanmb hmoD$Z am{hbo. ^m. ñH§$. 8, A. 15 Vo 23 _Ü`|
hr H$Wm Amho. H$m{V©H$ ew. 1 bm h| XmZ {Xë`m_wi| ~{bà{VnXm åhUyZ hm
250 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 251

{Xdg AmoiIbm OmVmo.
~«m÷Um§Mm N>i Pmbobm nmhÿZ ^Jd§Vm§Zt naewam_ AdVma KoVbm.
naewam_mMo dS>rb O_X{¾ F${f d _mVm aoUwH$m. naewam_ doX{dÚm {nË`mnmgyZ
{eH$bo d emó Am{U YZw{d©Úm e§H$amnmgyZ {eH$bo. `m H$mbt _{hî_Vr
ZJam§V H$mV©dr`© Zm§dmMm EH$ _hmnamH«$_r amOm hmoVm. Vmo XÎm^ŠV hmoVm.
lrXÎmmbm Vmo amoO hOma H$_b| dmhr. EHo$ {Xdet nyOog EH$ H$_b H$_r
nS>b| AgVm§ Ë`mZ§o bJoM Amnbm EH$ hmV H$mnyZ H$aH$_i åhUyZ Vmo Xodmg
dm{hbm. Voìhm§ àgÞ hmoD$Z XÎmm§Zt Ë`mbm EH$ hOma hmV {Xbo. Voìhm§nmgyZ
Ë`mbm amOm ghòmOw©Z Ag| Zm§d nS>b|. hm amOm Ym{_©H$, ~«m÷U^ŠV,
`kH$_mªMm ^moŠVm d nwÌdV² àOmnmbZ H$aUmam hmoVm. VgmM Vmo kmZt d
`moJr{h hmoVm.
EH$Xm§ Ë`mZo Aœ_oY `k Ho$bm. Ë`mÀ`m OrdÝ_wŠV AdñWoMr
BÝÐm{X Xodm§Zm OmUrd Zgë`m_wi| hm ñdJ© haU H$ê$Z BÝÐnX KoB©b H$s¨
H$m` Aer Ë`m§Zm ^r{V dmQ>br. åhUyZ Xodm§Zr§ gy`m©bm A{V{Wê$nmZ|
amOmH$S>o nmR>{db|. gy`m©Z| {jVrdarb gd© C{Ø‚mmM| XmZ _m{JVb|.
`moJ~bmZ| AmnU V| CËnÞ H$ê§$ Ag| dmQy>Z amOmZ| XmZmM| CXH$ gmo{S>b|.
Ë`m~amo~a n¥Ïdrdarb gd© bVm, V¥U, d¥jm{X OiyZ ^ñ_ Pmbo. hr dUì`mMr
Pi d{gð>ml_mbm nmoMë`m_wi| Ü`mZñW d{gð> CR>bo d H«$moYmZ| Ë`m§À`m
_wIm§VyZ emndmUr {ZKyZ Jobr, Vr Aer. ""ghòmOw©Zm, O_X{¾gwV naewam_
VwPo hmV VmoS>rb d VwPm {eaÀN>oX H$arb.'' AmnUmg gm_mÝ` _mUgmH$Sy>Z
_aU Z `oVm§ V| àË`j XodmH$Sy>Z `md|, Aer amOmMr XÎmmOdi _mJUr{h hmoVr.
`m dmgZo_wi|M emndmUrMr KQ>Zm KSy>Z Ambr. AOw©Z hm ~«m÷U ^ŠVŸ&
d{gð>hr AË`§V em§VŸ& Vmo hm Agm emn XoVŸ& `oW| H$maU ^mdt X¡dŸ&& (X.
_. 17-45)
`m emnmZ§Va ghòmOw©ZmMr ~w{Õ {\$abr. ñdJ© qOH$mdm Ag| Ë`mg
dmQy>§ bmJb|. Xodmet Ë`mM| `wÕ hmoD$Z Xod{h ~§{XdmZ Pmbo. B§Ð XrZ ~Zbm.
eodQ>t O_X¾rZo ñdmJV H$ê$Z WmQ>mMr _oOdmZr {Xë`mM| nmhÿZ amOmZ|
Ë`mMr H$m_YoZy{h ~bmËH$mamZ| Zobr. O_X{¾ Ü`mZñW, em§V am{hbo. dZm§VyZ
naV Amboë`m naewam_mg gd© hH$sJV g_OVmM Vmo amOmda YmdyZ Jobm.
XmoKm§Mo KZKmoa `wÕ hmoD$Z amOmMo hmV d {ea VmoS>b| Job| Am{U Vmo
aUm§JUmda nS>bm d ~«÷ê$n Pmbm.
amOmÀ`m e§^a nwÌm§Zt Aml_m§V naewam_ Zmht Ag| nmhÿZ Ü`mZñW
Agboë`m O_X½ZrM| {ea gyS>~wÕrZo Vmo{S>b|, `m ~«÷hË`onmgyZ namd¥Îm
H$aÊ`mgmR>t aoUwHo$Z| Ë`m§Mr nwîH$i {dZdUr Ho$br, nU Ë`m§Zt Eo{H$b| Zmhr.
naewam_mZ| {nV¥F$Um§VyZ _wŠV hmoÊ`mgmR>t Ë`m e§^a nwÌm§Zm `wÕm§V R>ma Ho$b|.
d amJm§V EH$drg doim n¥Ïdr {Z…j{Ì` H$aÊ`mMr à{Vkm Ho$br. {nË`mMm
XhZ{d{Y d _mVoM| ghJ_Z Pmë`mZ§Va naewam_mZ| hr à{Vkm nyU© Ho$br.
Ahë`o gVrbm{J AmaÊ`n§W| Ÿ&
Hw$S>mdm nwT>| Xod ~§Xr V`m§V| Ÿ&&
~i| gmo{S>Vm§ Kmd Kmbr {ZemUt Ÿ&
Zwnojr H$Xm am_ Xmgm{^_mZr Ÿ&&123Ÿ&&
Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr H$gm Amho, h| gmVì`m lram_dVmamM| CXmhaU
XoD$Z `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVm§V.
gVr A{hë`oMm CÕma H$aÊ`mgmR>t lram_mbm AaÊ`m§VyZ _mJ©
Yw§S>mdm bmJbm. _mJo ûcmoH$ 32 _Ü`| lram_m§Zt A{hë`oMm CÕma H$gm Ho$bm
`mM| dU©Z `oD$Z Job| Amho. Ë`mMà_mU| lram_mZt amdUmÀ`m ~§{XImÝ`mVyZ
nwT>| Xodm§Mr gwQ>H$m H$ê$Z Ë`mMo ajU Ho$bo. Hw$S>mdm åhUOo ajU. `mM|{h
dU©Z _mJ| ûcmoH$ 31 _Ü`| `oD$Z Job|.
{Vgè`m MaUmg§~§Yt WmoS>m Iwbmgm H$aU| Oê$a Amho. _mJo ûcmoH$ 37
_Ü`| har^{ŠVMm Kmd JmOo {ZemUrŸ& `mMo {ddoMZ H$aVmZm ""g§H$Q>
Amnb| {ZemU qH$dm P|S>m nwT>| H$ê$Z PJS>Ê`mg `oB©b Voìhm§ Z Km~aVm§
Ë`mda har^ŠVrMm Kmd Kmb'' hm lr. AmR>ë`o `m§Mm AW© ~am dmQ>Vmo Agm
C„oI Ho$bm Amho. `mM| H$maU Ag| H$s¨ {ZemU `m eãXmMm AWm©~Ôb g§e`
d _V{^ÞVm Amho. ZJmam hm AW© H$moUË`m eãXmMm ? Agm lr. AmR>ë`o
àý H$[aVmV, Va lr. Xod {ZemU `m eãXmMm AW© ZJmam Agm Agob AJa
Zgob Aer e§H$m ì`ŠV H$ê$Z Vgm Agë`mg n{hbm Zgë`mg Xwgam,
Ago `m MaUmMo XmoZ AW© H$[aVmV. ho _mJrb ûcmoH$ 37 g§~§Yt gm§{JVb|.
`m ûcmoH$m§V{h lr Xod `m§Zt {ZemU åhUOo ZJmam Agm eãXmW©
{Xbm Amho d ""Xodm§Zm ñdnamH«$_mZ| ~§Y_wŠV H$aÊ`mgmR>t ZJmam PS>Vmo''
Agm `m MaUmMm AW© Ho$bm Amho. nU `m AWm©Z| H$m§ht ~moY hmoV Zmhr.
252 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 253

åhUyZ {ZemU åhUOo ZJmam hm g§e{`V qH$dm Jwi_irV eãXmW© gmoSy>Z
XoD$Z {ZemU åhUOo P|S>m qH$dm ÜdO Agm {Z{üV eãXmW© KoD$Z `m
MaUmMm AW© bmdU| ~a| Ag| dmQ>V|. ñdgm_Ï`m©Z| Xodm§Zm ~§{Xdmgm§VyZ
gmoS>dyZ Ë`m§M| ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>t à^y am_M§Ðm§Zt amdUmÀ`m amÁ`ÜdOmdaM
àhma Ho$bm, Agm `m MaUmMm ñnï> AW© hmoVmo.
am_ hm XmgmMr Cnojm H$YrM H$arV Zmhr. _mJMm d nwT>Mm
CnH«$_ gmoSy>Z ""Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZrÀ`m'' EodOt ""am_ Xmgm{^_mZr'' Ag| `oW|
åhQ>b| Amho. `m ûcmoH$m§V am_mdVmamMr _hVr gm§{JVbr Agë`m_wi| 28 Vo
37 ûcmoH$_m{bHo$à_mU| `oW|{h VgmM MaU R>o{dbm Agmdm.
V`| Ðm¡nXr H$maU| bmJdoJ| Ÿ&
Ëda| Ym§dVy gd© gm§Sw>{Z _mJ| Ÿ&
H$irbm{J Ombm Ag| ~m¡Õ _m¡Zr Ÿ&
Zwnojr H$Xm Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr Ÿ&&124Ÿ&&
`m íbmoH$m§V AmR>dm H¥$îU-AdVma d Zddm ~m¡Õ AdVma ho
^ŠVm{^_mZr H$go AmhoV h| gm§JVmV.
gd© H$m_| ~mOybm gmê$Z _hmgmÜdr Ðm¡nXrgmR>t lrH¥$îU na_mË_m
{Vbm g§H$Q>_wŠV H$aÊ`mñVd Vm§VS>rZ|o YmdV Ambm. Ðm¡nXrda gÎdhaU hmoÊ`mMo
XmoZ àg§J Ambo. EH$ ^ag^|V dñÌhaU hmoÊ`mMm. hr KQ>Zm KSy>§ Z`o åhUyZ
AK{Q>V-KQ>Zm-nQw>Ëd Agboë`m lrH¥$îUm§Zt {Vbm dñÌnwadR>m H$ê$Z {VMr
{dQ>§~Zm hmoD§$ {Xbr Zmhr. Xwgam H$mo{nï> Xwdm©g _w{Z A{VWrÀ`m ê$nmZ| {eî`mgh
Ambo Voìhm§Mm. Ë`m doir Ðm¡nXrZ| XodmMm Ymdm Ho$bm. XwemgZmXh§ nydª g^m`m_²
_mo{MVm `WmŸ& VW¡d g§H$Q>mXñ_mÝ_m_wÕVw{_hmh©{gŸ&& Xw…emgZmÀ`m g§H$Q>m§VyZ
nydu Vy§ _bm Og| _wŠV Ho$b|g Vg|M `m{h g§H$Q>m§VyZ _wŠV H$aUmam VwÂ`m§dmMyZ
_bm Xwgam H$moU ? Agm Ymdm H$[aVmM F$ftÀ`m ^moOZmMr gd© ì`dñWm
Pmbr. `m XmoÝhr{h H$Wm gdmªZm n[a{MV Aem AmhoV.
H${b`wJm§V ^JdmZ² ~wÕmbm _m¡Z Yê$Z ñdñW ahmd| bmJb|. Ûmnma
`wJm§Vrb H¥$îUmdVmam§V Xwï>m§Mm Zme, gmYy§M| ajU d Y_©ñWmnZm BË`m{X
AdVmaH$m`} Pmbt. nU H${b`wJ gwê$ Pmë`mZ§Va ~gbobr KS>r nwÝhm
{dgH$Q>br. nwÝhm AY_© dmTy>§ bmJbm, `k`mJm§V newhË`m hmoD§$ bmJë`m d
{Za{Zamio g§àXm` CËnÞ hmoD$Z nañnam§V Ûof dmTy>§ bmJbm. Aem H$mbt H${nbdñVw
ZJarMm amOm ewÕmoXZ `mÀ`m nmoQ>t ^JdmZ² ~wÕmMm OÝ_ Pmbm. VméÊ`m§V
àn§Mm~Ôb hm CXmgrZ hmoB©b, Ag| ^{dî` EoHy$Z {nË`mZ| Ë`mbm gwImon^moJm§VM
R>o{db| hmoV|. nU EH$mM {Xder _hmamoJr, dmY©Š`mZo OO©a Pmbobm åhmVmam d
àoV `m§M| Ë`mg Xe©Z Pmë`m_wi| _mZd hm {dH$mar, Zmed§V d jU^§Jwa Amho
Agm Ë`mMm {Zü` Pmbm. Amnbr hrM AdñWm hmoUma Ag| Ë`mg dmQy>Z
àn§Mm~Ôb Ë`mbm Vrd« d¡am½` àmá Pmb|. Voìhm§ amÁ` d Hw$Qw>§~ `m§Mr Amem
gmoSy>Z Vmo dZm§V Jobm d EH$m qnnimÀ`m PmS>mImbt AmË_qMVZm§V {Z_¾
hmoD$Z am{hbm. AmË_gmjmËH$mamZ§Va Y_©àgmamW© {R>H${R>H$mUt Ë`mZ| _R>ñWmnZm
Ho$br. Aqhgm, gË`, X`m, ào_, namonH$ma, g_mZVm d _mojmW© g§Ý`mg BË`m{X
Ë`mÀ`m Y_m©Mo {Z`_ hmoVo. gd©M ZdrZ dmQ>ë`m_wi| AZoH$ bmoH$ Ë`m Y_mªV
gm_rb Pmbo. na§Vw nümÎmmn d Vrd« d¡am½` `m§À`m A^mdt {^jw{^jwUt_Ü`|
AZmMma _mObm. AIoa Iè`m Y_mªMo EH$-XmoZ {eî`M Ë`mÀ`m g§JVtV am{hbo.
`m_wi| AË`§V H$ï>r hmoD$Z H${b`wJm§V hmoUma| nmn _mZdmZ| Á`mÀ`m Ë`mÀ`m
àmaãYmZwgma ^moJmd| Ag| R>adyZ Ë`mZ| _m¡Z ñdrH$m[ab|. `mà_mU| ~wÕê$nmZo
B©œamZ| _m¡Zd«V YmaU Ho$b| Amho.
AZmWm§ {XZm§H$maU| OÝ_Vmho Ÿ&
H$b§H$s nwT>| Xod hmoUma Amho Ÿ&
O`m d{U©Vm§ grUbr doXdmUr Ÿ&
Zwnojr H$Xm Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr Ÿ&&125Ÿ&&
`m ûcmoH$m§V nwT>| hmoUmè`m Xhmì`m H$b§H$s AdVmamM| dU©Z Ho$b|
Amho.
^ŠVdËgb Xod AZmW, XrZ Aem ^ŠVm§Mm CÕma H$aÊ`mgmR>t `m
OJmV OÝ_Vmho åhUOo dma§nma AdVrU© hmoVmo. XrZ d AZmW `m eãXm§À`m
AWm©Mm Iwbmgm ûcmoH$ 28 _Ü`| nydu g{dñVa Ho$bm Amho. `oW| BVH|$M
gm§Jmd`mM| H$s¨ ^ŠVrhrZ, XrZ-Xw~ir, A§Y, n§Jw Aet Ag§»` _mUg| `m
OJm§V AmhoV. nU Xod Ë`m§À`mgmR>r AdVrU© hmoV Zmht. Á`m§Zr Amnbm
254 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 255

Ah§H$ma d gd© ^ma na_oœamg An©U Ho$bo AmhoV, ^Jd§V h|M Á`m§M|
{dgmì`mM| ñWmZ Amho d Á`m§Mm gd© ^ma B©œamdaM Amho, Aem XrZ d
Aghm` ^ŠVm§À`m CÕmamgmR>t Xod AdVma YmaU H$[aVmo.
Y_© d gmYwajUmW© ^Jd§Vm§Zt `wJm`wJm§V AdVma KoVbo. Amnbo H$moUrM
EoH$V Zmht Ag| nmhÿZ ~m¡ÕmZ| H${b`wJm§V _m¡Z ñdrH$mab|. AmVm§ H$brMt Ho$di
nmdb| {XgV AmhoV. nwT>M| ^{dî` Va ^`§H$a ñdê$nmM| Amh|. ~w{ÕdmZm§V
A^j-^jU, Ano`nmZ, Xwï>m§Mm Jm¡ad, gwï>m§Mm An_mZ BË`m{X Jmoï>r AmnUm§g
{XgV ZmhtV H$m`? VwH$mo~m åhUVmV- ""_mJ| g§Vt hmoV| O| O| gm§{JVb|Ÿ& V|
`oD§$ bmJb| AZw^dmŸ&& AmMma^«ï> hmoVr bmoH$ H$btŸ& nwÊ` jrU ~ir
Pmb| nmnŸ&&2Ÿ&& dU© Y_© H$moUr Z YarVr {dQ>miŸ& Km{bVr Jm|Yi EHo$
R>m`tŸ&&3Ÿ&&'' (Jm. 3096) nwT>| H$br _mVë`mda Va g‚mZm§Mm, ^ŠVm§Mm
dmbr H$moUrM amhUma Zmht. Xodm§M| Zm§d KoU| h| gwÕm§ nmVH$ R>ê$Z gmYy§da
Jmoù`m KmVë`m OmVrb. ^ŠVm§Mr XwX©em hmoD$Z Vo XrZ d Aghmæ` hmoVrb,
Aem g_`mbm ^ŠVm§Mr ~mOy KoD$Z Ë`m§À`m ajUmW© _r gmH$maê$nmZ| AdVma
KoVmo Am{U OJ^a ngabobm AkmZ A§YH$ma {JiyZ Q>mH$Vmo, Zmhtgm H$[aVmo,
Ag| ñdV… ^Jd§VM gm§JVmV. Vo doit Amnwë`mMo{Z H¡$dma|Ÿ& _r gmH$mê$
hmoD$Zr AdVa|Ÿ& _J AkmZmM| AmYma|Ÿ& {Jiy{Z KmbrŸ&& (km. 4-51)
Amnwë`mMo{Z H¡$dma| åhUOo Ho$di XrZ Xw~i| Zìho, Oo Ë`mMo ^ŠV Ë`m§À`m
H¡$dmamW©.
`m Amnë`m dMZmà_mU| OJ{Þ`§Vm na_oœa e§^b J«m_m§V {dîUw`e
Zm_H$ n{dÌ ~«m÷UmÀ`m Kat H$b§H$sê$nmZ| nwT>| àJQ> hmoUma Amho, Aer H$Wm
^mJdVm§V Amho.
`mà_mU| Amnë`m ^ŠVm§À`m CÕmamW© doimodoit AdVma KoUmè`m `m
^ŠVdËgb ^Jd§VmMo JwUmZwdmX H$ê$Z doX{h WH$bo. `m ûcmoH$mZ| XemdVma
dU©Z g§nyZ ""Zwnojr H$Xm Xod ^ŠVm{^_mZr'' h| gXa nyU© hmoV|.
OZmH$maU| Xod brbmdVmar Ÿ&
~hÿVm§nar AmXa| dofYmar Ÿ&
V`m ZoUVr Vo OZ nmnê$nr Ÿ&
XwamË_o _hmZï> Mm§S>mi nmnr Ÿ&&126Ÿ&&
_mJrb 120 Vo 125 ûcmoH$m§V XemdVmam§M| dU©Z Ho$b|. OJmda
CnH$ma H$aUmè`m Aem`m ZmQ>H$s ^Jd§VmM| gË` ñdê$n Z OmUUmam _mZd
AYmoJVrbm OmVmo, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
OJm§Vrb nmn Zmhtg| ìhmd|, bmoH$m§Zt nwÊ` _mJm©Z| Omd|, Y_m©Mr
{dgH$Q>bobr KS>r nwÝhm ì`dpñWV ~gmdr d ^ŠVm§Mm CÕma ìhmdm `mgmR>t
AZoH$ dof YmaU H$ê$Z ^Jd§V bmoH$m§H$[aVm ghO brboZ| àJQ> hmoV
AgVmV. ^ŠVm§Mo nwÊ`, A^ŠVm§M| nmn `m§Mt \$i| XoÊ`mgmR>t ^Jd§VmMm
gJwU {dJ«h åhUOo {dñVma qH$dm AmH$ma YmaU H$aU| `mbm AdVma
åhUVmV.
Aem `m bmoH$H$ë`mUH$mar ZQ>Ymar ^Jd§VmÀ`m brbm d dmñVd
ñdê$n bmoH$m§Zr g_OyZ ¿`md`mg nm{hOo. H$maU `mM| \$b \$ma _moR>| Amho.
^Jd§V JrV|V AOw©Zmbm åhUVmV, ""OÝ_ H$_© M _o {Xì`_od§ `mo do{Îm
VÎdV…Ÿ& Ë`ŠËdm Xoh§ nwZO©Ý_ Z¡{V _m_o{V gmo@Ow©ZŸ&&'' (^. Jr. 4-9)
bmoH$m§gmaIm _mPm OÝ_ Zmht. bmoH$m§gmaI| _mP| H$_© Zmht. _mP| OÝ_ d
H$_© {Xì` åhUOo Abm¡{H$H$ Amho Ag| ^JdmZ² åhUVmV. _Zwî`mbm
nyd©H$_m©_wi| OÝ_mbm `oD$Z Xoh~§YZm§V AS>Hy$Z amhmd| bmJV|. B©œa hm
M¡VÝ`_` AgyZ Ë`mMm OÝ_ _m`m_` åhUOo g§H$ën_mÌ AgVmo, Iam
ZgVmo. bmoH$Ñï>rZ| Vmo OÝ_mbm Amë`mM| ^mg{dVmo, nU dmñV{dH$ Vmo
AOÝ_mM AgVmo. _mZdmM| H$_© A{dÚm åhUOo AkmZ, Ah§H$ma d ^«_
BË`m{XH$m§Zr `wŠV AgV|. B©œamM| H$_© A{dÚm Ah§H$ma d ^«_a{hV AgV|.
åhUyZ Ë`mbm ~§YZ ZgV| d Vmo H$_m©nmgyZ A{báM AgVmo. bm¡{H$H$ Ñï>rbm
Vmo H$_m©Mm H$Vm© Ag| XmI{dVmo, nU Vmo AH$Vm©M AgVmo. OJËn[anmbZ h|
Ë`mM|M H$_© Amho, Xwgè`mM| Zìh|. h| B©œamM| OÝ_, H$_©, AdVma ahñ` empãXH$
Zìho, nU ñdê$nmZw^dmZ| H$ib| åhUOo Ë`mMm g§gma~§Y VwQ>Vmo, Vmo _wŠV hmoVmo.
kmZmo~m Va Ë`mbm na__wŠV åhUVmV. _mP| AOËd| OÝ_U|Ÿ& A{H«$`Vm{M
H$_© H$aU|Ÿ& h| A{dH$ma Omo OmUoŸ& Vmo na__wŠVŸ&& (km. 4-58)
åhUyZ g_W© åhUVmV H$s¨, Aem `m bmoH$H$ë`mUH$mar ZmQ>H$s,
dofYmar B©œambm Oo bmoH$ OmUV ZmhtV Vo nmnr XwamË_o hmoV. XwamË_m H$moU
`mMr ì`m»`m g_W© Aer XoVmV- gH$im§d{S>b A§VamË_mŸ& Ë`m{g ZoUo Vmo
XwamË_mŸ& XwamË_m åh{UOo Xwar AmË_mŸ& A§Vabm V`mŸ&& (Xm. 15-9-18) ~a|,
hm AmË_m Xya Var Amho? Zmht. Odit AgmoZ MwH$boŸ& àË``mg Zmht gmoH$boŸ&
256 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 257

CJoqM Ambo Am{U JoboŸ& XodmMH$[aVm§Ÿ&& (Xm. 15-9-19) XodmgmR>t åhUyZ
OÝ_mbm `oVmo nU hm XwamË_m Ambm Vgm OmVmo. J^©dmgm§Vrb hmb gmogoZmgo
Pmbo åhUOo Vmo Xodmbm åhUVmo- AmVm gmoS>dr `oWyZŸ& `mdar nmn Z
H$arZŸ& Xodm, VwP| ^OZ H$arZŸ& Vwbm {dgao Z H$YthrŸ&& (X. _. 11-23)
Ag| åhUyZ{h Xodmbm {dgê$Z Omo AmË_KmV H$ê$Z KoVmo, Vmo _mZd Zï>,
MmS>m§i, nmnr, XwamË_m Zìho H$m ? gmam§e, OÝ_mbm `oD$Z Omo _mZd ^Jd§VmM|
AdVmaahñ` `WmW©nU| OmUVmo, Ë`mbm lo` àmá hmoV|. CbQ>, B©œamMm Xoh d
OÝ_ Amnë`mgmaImM AgVmo d OJËnmbZmM| H$_© j{Ì`m§M| AgV| Ag|
Omo g_OVmo Ë`mMr g§gmana§nam gwQ>V Zmht.
nwamUm§Vrb JyT> AW© Z g_Oë`m_wi| VH©$Hw$VH©$ H$mTy>Z H$mhtZm Ag|
dmQ>V| H$s¨ am_H¥$îUm{XH$m§M| earamg ~«÷ H$m§ _mZmd|? Am_À`mgmaImM Ë`m§Mm
OÝ_ d Am_À`mgmaI|M Ë`m§M| H$_© d AdVma g_m{á _J Ë`m§Mt eara| {Xì`
H$m _mZmd`mMt? `mMt CÎma| Imbrbà_mU| AmhoV. (1) Ordm§Mr eara| n§MrH¥$V
n§M^yVm§Mt AgVmV. Xodm§M| eara M¡VÝ`m{lV _m`oMm gmjmV n[aUm_ AgVmo.
(2) Ordm§Mr eara| nwÊ`nmnm{X nyd© H$_m©YrZ AmhoV. XodmMt eara| g§H$ën _mÌ
AgVmV. (3) Ordm§Zm A{dÚo_wi| AmË_ñdê$nmg§~§Yt ^«_ AgVmo. Xodm§Zm Vmo
ZgVmo. (4) A{dÚoÀ`m ZmemgmR>t d kmZàmárgmR>t Ordm§Zm gËg§JmMr
Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. XodmÀ`m {R>H$mUt AmË_ñdê$nU{dñ_aU ZgV|. AdVmam§Vrb
Jwé ho bmoH$m§Zm _mJ©Xe©ZmgmR>t AgVmV. (5) Ordm§Mr H$_} Ah§H$ma`wŠV AgVmV.
XodmMr H$_} Ah§H$ma{da{hV EImÚm ZQ>mà_mU| hmoVmV. åhUyZ Vo H$_m©nmgyZ
A{bá AgVmV. ^JdmZ² åhUVmV, ""_mP| Aì``Ëd Var Z ZgoŸ& nar hmoU|
OmU| EH$ {XgoŸ& V| à{Vq~~o _m`mde|Ÿ& _mÂ`m§{M R>m`tŸ&& _mPr ñdV§ÌVm Var
Z _moS>oŸ& nar H$_m©YrZw Eogm AmdS>oŸ& Vohr ^«m§{V~w{Õ Var KS>oŸ& Eèhdr ZmhtŸ&&''
(km. 4-45-46) Ag| h| AdVmaahñ` Amho.
AdVma-ahñ` OmUUmè`mbm _moj àmá hmoVmo, BVH|$M H$m` nU
kmZmo~m Ë`mbm na__wŠV åhUVmV Ag| _mJ| gm§{JVb|. `mda Aer e§H$m
`oB©b H$s, _moj hm kmZmZ|M àmá hmoVmo. Ë`mdm§MyZ Zmht. Agm Oa {gÕmÝV
Amho Va Vmo `WmW© AdVma-ahñ` OmUë`mZ| àmá hmoVmo Ag| H$g| åhUVm§
`oB©b ? `mM| CÎma Ag| Amho H$s¨, kmZmdm§MyZ _moj Zmht h| Ia|M, nU
^Jd§VmMt {Xì` OÝ_H$_} H$iU| h|{h kmZmdm§MyZ KS>V Zmht. Á`mZ| Vt
OmUbt Vmo AmË_kmZrM AgVmo. åhUyZ kmZmo~m Ë`mM| dU©Z H$g| H$[aVmV nhm.
Eog|`m H$mOmbmJtŸ& AdVao _r `wJt `wJtŸ& nar h|{M dmoiIo Omo OJtŸ& Vmo
{ddoH$s`mŸ&& (km. 4-57) Vmo Mm{bbm g§J| Z MioŸ& XohtMm Xohm Zm H$ioŸ&
_J n§MËdt Vd {_ioŸ& _mPm{M ê$ntŸ&& (km. 4-59) ho AdVma ahñ`
AmoiIUmam {ddoH$s AgVmo. Vmo gd© ì`dhma H$ê$Z {bá hmoV Zmht. Xohm§V amhÿZ
XohmYrZ hmoV Zmhr Am{U XohmdgmZmZ§Va _mÂ`mM ñdê$nt EoŠ` nmdVmo. Agm
hm kmZrM AgVmo.
OJr YÝ` Vmo am_gyI| {Zdmbm Ÿ&
H$Wm EoH$Vm§ gd© V„rZ Ombm Ÿ&
Xoho^mdZm am_~moY| CS>mbr Ÿ&
_ZmodmgZm am_ê$nt ~wS>mbr Ÿ&&127Ÿ&&
AdVmar ^Jd§VmM| gË` ñdê$n Z OmUUmao bmoH$ nmnr, XwamË_o
hmoV, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. `m ûcmoH$m§V _mZdr OrdZ YÝ`
H$moUmM| åhUmd| h| gm§JVmV.
gwIê$n Agm Omo lram_ Ë`m am_ê$nm§V Omo Amam_ nmdbm Vmo YÝ`
hmo`. am_gyI| åhUOo lram_mM| Ü`mZ H$aÊ`mnmgyZ hmoUma| gwI. Ü`mZ ~mø
ñdê$nmM| Agb| åhUOo Ñï>rbm gwI hmoV| d A§Va§JmVrb Agb| åhUOo _Zmbm
gwI hmoV|. am_ê$nr Ñï>r OmD$Z ~¡gbrŸ& gwI| gwImdbr Ý`mhm{iVm§Ÿ&&
H$m§ht {R>H$mUr ""am_gyI| {Z_mbm'' Agm nmR> Amho, Vmo{h R>rH$M Amho. H$maU
hmñ`dXZmda _Z pñWa H$aU| hm{h EH$ Ü`mZm§Vrb _hÎdmMm ^mJ Amho. gdmªJmMm
Ë`mJ H$ê$Z _wI nmhU|, _wImdê$Z hmñ`mda bj R>odU|, hmñ`m§VyZ AmZ§X KoU|
Agm `m Ü`mZmMm àH$ma Amho. Ü`mZmM| _hÎd \$ma _moR>o Amho. kmZmX²>Ü`mZ§
{d{eî`Vo Ag| ^Jd§V JrV|V åhUVmV. `m ûcmoH$m§V nwT>| gm§{JVboë`m V„rZVm,
Xoh^md hanU|, dmgZmj`, BË`m{X gd© AdñWm Ü`mZm§VyZM {Z_m©U hmoVmV d
na_mZ§X àmá hmoVmo. Ü`mZ| VÝ_` hmoVm§Ÿ& BVa qMVm Z CR>Vm§Ÿ& `o na_mZ§XVmŸ&
Ü`o`mH$aVm hmodmoZrŸ&& (X. _. 34-47) åhUyZ Ü`mZmg§~§Yr WmoS>m {dMma nmhÿ§.
am_gyI| `m eãXmZo `oW| lram_mM| gJwU Ü`mZ gwM{db| Amho.
hmñ`dXZ, H¥$nmH$Q>mj, nwîn_mboZ| gwemo{^V Ag| ^ì` djñWb, M_H$Xma
258 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 259

nrVm§~a, gwHw$_ma nmCb|, Im§Úmda brboZ| YmaU Ho$bob| YZwî` Aer hr ~mø
AWdm öX`ñW _Zmoha am__y{V© nm{hbr H$s¨ {MÎmmMr hmbMmb ~§X hmoVo.
_Ymbm _mer {MH$Q>br åhUOo {Vbm Og| CS>Vm§ `oV Zmht, Vg|M Vo Jmo{Oa| ê$n
_Zmbm gmoS>dV Zmht. VwO nmhVm§ gm_moarŸ& Ñï>r Z {\$ao _mKmatŸ&& Ag|
hmoV|. YÝ`mbm gmoSy>Z godH$OZ Ogo Xya hmoV ZmhtV, Ë`mà_mU| _Z h| gd©
B§{Ð`m§Mm amOm Agë`m_wi| B§{Ð`|{h _Zm~amo~a am_ê$nm§V a§JyZ OmVmV d
Ë`m§Mr ~mø Ymd Wm§~Vo. amOmbm _oOdmZr {_imbr H$s¨ godH$m§Zm{h nŠdmÞm§Mm
bm^ hmoVmo, Vg| _Zm~amo~a B§{Ð`mZm{h na_mZ§X àmá Pmë`m_wi| Vt{h
gwImdVmV. KSy>{Z `oVm§ Ü`mZŸ& ê$nt a_o _ZŸ&& B§{Ð`|hr V| ñWmZŸ& gd©Wm
Z gmo{S>VrŸ&& (X. _. 37-71) {O^og A_¥V bmJb| H$s¨ V| JmoS>r XoD$Z A_a
H$aUmaM. Vg| am_ê$nmZ| ZQ>bob| M¡VÝ` gd© gwImM| AmJa Agë`m_wi|
Ë`mbm {MH$Q>bob| _Z d B§{Ð`| ht gwIê$n hmoUmaM. hr dñVwe{ŠV Amho.
öX`ñW A§VÜ`m©Z h| CÎm_. nU V| gmYÊ`mnydu ~mø Ü`mZ Yamd|. na§Vw Ë`m
Ü`mZmZ§Va _yVuMo {dgO©Z öX`m§VM H$amd| åhUOo Xodmbm Amnë`mnmgyZ
Xya Z R>o{dVm§ Vmo öX`ñW Agë`mMr ^mdZm AI§S> Agmdr.
Ü`mZm§Vrb _w»` {d¿Z åhUOo BVa qMVm CR>U| h| hmo`. {MÎm ewÕ
Zgob Va BVa qMVm CR>Ê`mÀ`m Wm§~Uma ZmhtV. åhUyZ {MÎmewÕrgmR>t
AmMma{dMmam§Mr ewÕVm nm{hOo d B§{Ð`{Z`_Z Adí` nm{hOo. qMVma{hV
Ü`mZ Pmë`mg `mM gJwU am_Ü`mZmZ| g{ƒXmZ§Xê$n AmË_mam_mMr {ZJw©U
ñdê$nmMr AmoiI nQy>Z AmË_gmjmËH$ma hmoVmo. h| Ü`mZ nydu OarŸ&
gJwU dmQ>b| VarŸ& pñWa hmoVm§ A§VatŸ& {ZJw©U H$ar h|{M A§VtŸ&& (X. _.
34-48) AÝ` H$moUVr{h d¥{Îm Z CR>Vm§ pñWa Ü`mZm§V Ooìhm§ _Z Ü`o`mH$ma
hmoV|, åhUOo Ü`o`, Ü`mVm, Ü`mZ hr {ÌnwQ>r _mdiVo, Voìhm§ Ë`mbm g_m{Y
åhUVmV.
Ü`mZmMm Aä`mg OgOgm dmT>V OmB©b, VgVg| `m ûcmoH$m§Vrb
nwT>rb AZw^d gmYH$mg `oD§$ bmJVmV. Ü`mZmMm Aä`mgw H$sV©ZldUm§V
bJoM V„rZ hmoD$Z OmVmo. {Z{d©f` pñWVtV{h Anyd© AmZ§X AgVmo, Agm
Ü`mZ`moJm§V AZw^d Amë`m_wi| Ë`mÀ`m {df`dmgZm hiyhiy H$_r hmoV
OmVmV d eodQ>t {df`M am_ê$n hmoVmV. åhUOo H$moUË`m{h dñVyM| àW_
Zm_ê$n bjm§V Z `oVm§ Ë`m dñVyÀ`m A{Yð>mZ M¡VÝ`mM|M ñ_aU hmoV|.
Aä`mg dmT>ob Vgm Xoh^md{h _mdiV OmVmo. Xoh^md hmanbmŸ& VwO nmhVm§
{dÇ>bmŸ&& Aer AdñWm hmoVo. Ü`mZm§V Ü`o`mer EH$ê$n hmoD$Z g_m{YAdñWm
`oD§$ bmJbr H$s¨ Ðï>m hmoD$Z Ñí`nU| nm{hbob| O| gJwU ê$n V|M EH$
AmË_ê$n Ag| AZw^dmM| kmZ hmoV|.
VmËn`©, ldU_ZZm{X H$aUmè`m g_m{Y`wŠV nwéfmÀ`m {R>H$mUt
Ü`mZmä`mgm_wi| AmË_mM ~«÷ Aem ñdê$nmM| _mojXm`H$ AZw^dkmZ {gÕ
hmoV| d Vmo kmZr ^ŠV hmoVmo. hm§ Jm ny{U©_oAmYt H$m`rŸ& M§Ð gmd`dw{M
ZmhtŸ& nat {V`o {Xdet ^oQ>o nmhrŸ& nyU©Vm V`mŸ&& V¡gm _r{M kmZÛma|Ÿ& {Xg|
nar hñVm§Va|Ÿ& _J ÐîÅ>Ëdt V| gaoŸ& {_`m§{M _r bm^oŸ&& (km. 18-1127,28)
ny{U©_onydu M§Ð hm Amnë`m ñdê$nmZ| g§nyU© Agbm Var Ë`mbm ny{U©_o
{XdetM Amnë`m nyU© ñdê$nmMr ^oQ> hmoVo. Ë`mà_mU| Ü`o`, Ü`mVm qH$dm
Ñí`, Ðï>m Ag| Ü`mZm§V Om|da Û¡V AgV| Vm|da XodmÀ`m M¡VÝ` ñdê$nmM| kmZ
Agb| Var Xod d ^ŠV Ag| hmV^a bm§~M| ZmV| amhV|, {d^ŠV Zìho Vmo
^ŠV `mMr OmUrd `oV Zmht. nU Ðïw>Ëd g§nyZ Ü`o`mH$ma Ñ{ï> Pmbr,
nmhVonU g§nb| H$s¨ Xod^ŠVm§M| EoŠ` hmoV|, ^ŠV Xodmet EH$dQ>Vmo d AmnU
Xoh ZgyZ Xod Amhm|, am_ê$n V|M Amnb| ê$n hmo` Aer Ë`mbm àVr{V `oVo. `m
na_^ŠVrMm n[aUm_ Agm hmoVmo H$s¨ `oU| _Zmo^§J hmoB© Ÿ& dmgZmj`hr hmoB©
Ÿ& g§e`g_yh OmB© Ÿ& hmVm `oB© OrdÝ_w{ŠVŸ&& (X. _. 34-54) `mà_mU|
gwIê$n am_ê$nm§V Omo em§V{MÎm amhVmo VmoM OJm§V YÝ` hmo`.
_Zm dmgZm dmgwXodt dgm| Xo Ÿ&
_Zm H$m_Zm H$m_g§Jt Zgm| Xo Ÿ&
_Zm H$ënZm dmCJr Vo Z H$sOo Ÿ&
_Zm g‚mZm g‚mZt dpñV H$sOo Ÿ&&128Ÿ&&
_mZdXoh àmá Pmbm AgVm§ nmnr, XwamË_m H$moU R>aVmo h| ûcmoH$
126 _Ü`| gm§{JVb| d YÝ`Ëd H$moUmbm àmá hmoV| h| _mJrb 127 ì`m ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVb|. XmoÝhr{h Jmoï>r bjm§V KoD$Z YÝ`Ëd àmá H$ê$Z KoÊ`mM| Pmë`mg _ZmZ|
H$m` Ho$b| nm{hOo h| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
H$ënZm, dmgZm d H$m_Zm `m eãXm§M| ñnï>rH$aU ûcmoH$ 58 _Ü`|
g{dñVa Ho$b| Amho, àW_ ñ\w$aU H$ënZoM|, Vr Vrd« åhUOo daModa CRy>§
bmJbr H$s¨ dmgZm d dmgZoMr CËH$Q>Vm Vr H$m_Zm EdT>| bjm§V R>odb|
260 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 261

åhUOo Pmb|. ho _Zm, Vwbm dma§dma, OoW| VoW| lram_mMr AmR>dU Agy§ Xo. AÝ`
H$moUmMr ZH$mo, dmgwXod `m eãXmZ| gd©Ì ì`mnH$ Ag| AmË_mam_mM| ñdê$n
gwM{db| Amho, dmgwXod… gd©{_{V g _hmË_m gwXwb©^… `m JrVmdMZmM|
ñ_aU hmoV|. ~m _Zm, H$m_m{X {dH$mam§V AmgŠV hmoD§$ ZH$mog ~a|, Vg|M
{df`m{df`t CJrM ^b^bË`m H$ënZm H$arV ~gy§ ZH$mog. Ë`m§Mr g§JVrM
ZH$mo. dmCJr åhUOo Y_©emñÌmbm gmoSy>Z AZw{MV H$ënZm ZH$mo,
AÞnmZm{XH$ earaYmaUobm Amdí`H$ Aem H$ënZm Agy§ XoV. nU earamMo
MmoMbo nwa{dUmè`m H$ënZm ZH$moV. H$maU Y_©emñÌmbm AZwgê$Z Oo CÎm_moÎm_
^md AmhoV Vo B©œamM| d¡^d Amho, Ë`m§V X¡dr g§n{Îm Amho. nU A_§Ji
AWdm XwJ©Vtbm ZoUmè`m ^mdm§V {d^y{V_Îd Zmht. Y_m©{déÕmo ^yVofw
H$m_mo@pñ_ ^aVf©^Ÿ && (^. Jr. 7-11)
ho g‚mZ _Zm, Vwbm `m CnXoemM| gma gm§Jd`mM| Agob Va Vy§ Zoh_t
g‚mZm§À`mM dñVrbm amhm, Ë`m§MmM Aml` H$a åhUOo dmCJ| H$m§hr KS>Uma
Zmht. dmñV{dH$ gËg§J hm XohmZ| KS>Vmo d Z§Va _Zmda Ë`mMm gwn[aUm_ hmoVmo.
gmYyÀ`m g§JVtV _Zwî` am{hbm AgVm§ S>moù`mZ| Ë`mMm AmMma nmhÿZ d H$mZmZ|
Ë`mMo {dMma EoHy$Z _Zwî`mÀ`m _Zmda Ë`mMm g§ñH$ma hmoVmo Am{U Ë`mÀ`m
AmMma{dMmam§V nmbQ> hmoVmo. nU `oW| _ZmbmM g‚mZm§À`m g§JVtV amhm Ag|
O| g_W© åhUVmV `mMm AW© H$m`? _ZmZ| Zoh_t g‚mZm§À`m na_mW©-J«§W
{dMmam§VM dmdamd| Ag| gm§JÊ`mMm `oW| g_WmªMm hoVw {XgVmo. Amgwáoam_¥Vo
H$mb§ Z`oÛoXmÝVqMV`m Ÿ& XÚmÞmdga§ qH${MËH$m_mX{Z_ZmJ{nŸ && OmJo
Pmë`mnmgyZ {ZOoVm|n`ªV Ë`mMà_mU| XohnmV hmoB©n`ªV lÕoZo doXm§V emñÌm§Mm
{dMma H$arV _Zwî`mZ| H$mb H§$R>rV amhmd| d _Zm§V H$m_H«$moYm{X {dH$mam§Zm _witM
Wmam XoD§$ Z`o. gd© H$mi _Z Oa AÜ`mË_{dMmam§V Agob Va Xwï> {dMma CËnÞ
hmoÊ`mg Ë`mg AdgaM {_iUma Zmht. EImXm XwJw©Ur _Zwî` Amnë`met bJQ>
H$é§ nhmV Amho Ag| nmhÿZ ehmUm _Zwî` Ë`mM| ñdmJV Z H$[aVm§ Oa
Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o Xwb©j H$arV amhrb, Va Vmo Ambobm XwJw©Ur _Zwî` {Zame, {ha_wgbm
hmoD$Z Ambm Vgm naV OmB©b. Xa Ionog Ag| Xwb©j {Xgob Va Vmo `oÊ`mMm
Wm§~ob. Vg|M _Z Oa AÜ`mË_J«§Wm§V a_yZ OmB©b Va H$m_m{X {dH$ma daModa
_Zm§V CX²^dUma ZmhtV, nwT>| Vo AmnmoAmn Wm§~VrbM. `mgmR>t nmaIyZ nma_m{W©H$
J«§Wm§MmM _ZmZ| Aml` H$amdm. OoU| na_mW© dmT>o Ÿ& Am§Jt AZwVmn MT>o Ÿ&
^{ŠVgmYZm AmdS>o Ÿ& Ë`m Zm§d J«§W ŸŸ&& BVa Oo àn§{MH$ ŸŸ& hmñ` {dZmoX Zda{gH$ Ÿ&
{hV Zìho V| nwñVH$ Ÿ& na_mWm©gr Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-9-29,30) AÛ¡V J«§W dmMÊ`m§V
a_md| `m AWm©Z| _Zmg gm§JVmV H$s¨, _Zm g‚mZm g‚mZt dpñV H$sOo Ÿ&
JVrH$maU| g§JVr g‚mZmMr Ÿ&
_Vr nmbQ>o gy_Vr XwO©ZmMr Ÿ&
aVrZm{`Ho$Mm nVr Zï> Amho Ÿ&
åhUmoZr _ZmVrV hmoD${Z amho Ÿ&&129Ÿ&&
^b^bË`m H$ënZm§À`m qH$dm dmgZm§À`m ZmXt Z bmJVm§ am_ê$nmV
qH$dm nma_m{W©H$ J«§WdmMZm§V VwP| dmñVì` Agy§ Xo, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
_Zmbm gm§{JVb|. `m ûcmoH$m§V g‚mZghdmgmMr Amdí`H$Vm gm§JyZ Ë`m_wi|
H$moUV| {hV gmYV|, h| _Zmbm gm§JVmV. B©eñ_aU, AÜ`mË_J«§W{ddaU d
g‚mZghdmg `m {ÌdoUr-g§J_m§V ñZmZ KS>b| åhUOo Ordmbm {edËd àmá
hmoV|. _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V dmgwXodñ_aU d AÜ`mË_J«§W dmMZ ht XmoZ gmYZ|
gm§{JVbt. `m ûcmoH$m§V g‚mZg§JVrM| _hÎd gm§JVmV.
_mZdmbm Oa CÎm_ J{V åhUOo _moj àmá H$ê$Z ¿`md`mMm
Agob, Amnbr AgobobrM _wŠV pñW{V OmUmd`mMr Agob Va Ë`mZ|
g‚mZm§À`m g§JVtV amhmd|. nU Mmby H$mim§V gmYy H$moU d ^m|Xy H$moU h|
AmoiIU| \$ma AdKS> Amho. dada {XgUmè`m g‚mZm§Mr g§JV Ho$ë`mZ|
nwîH$i _mUg| \$gbt AmhoV. åhUyZ hm gËg§J{h ZH$mo d na_mW©{h ZH$mo Ag|
AZoH$m§Zm dmQ>V|. nU gËg§JmÀ`m Ñï>rZ| `mÀ`m CbQ> Xwgar{h ~mOy Amho h|
bjm§V KoVb| nm{hOo. na_mWm©gmR>t qH$dm CÎm_ J{V {_imdr åhUyZ
g‚mZm§Mm emoY KoUmat _mUg|{h \$ma WmoS>t. Amnë`m H$m§ht àmn§{MH$ dmgZm
g\$b ìhmì`mV `m ~wÕrZ| M_ËH$mamda ^miyZ, OoW| M_ËH$ma VoW| gmYwËd Ag|
_mZyZ, AmnU na_mW© H$[aVm| Ag| dmQy>Z EImÚmÀ`m _mJo bmJUmat _mUg|M
\$ma. AkmZm_wi| ^bË`mM g_OwVrZ| ZmXmbm bmJbobt _mUg| \$gbr
Va Ë`m§V Zdb H$m` ? gËg§JmMr Amdí`H$Vm Ooìhm§ X`miw g§V
à{VnmXZ H$[aVmV Voìhm g‚mZ H$moU, h|{h Vo ~moQ> R>odyZ XmI{dVmV d Agm
g‚mZ ^oQ>ë`mg Ë`mg H$m` {dMmamd| h|{h V| {Z{üVnU| gm§JVmV. nU
`mH$S>o Xwb©j hmoVo åhUyZ AmnU \$gVm|. _mojpñW{V XmI{dUmè`m gmYybm
262 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 263

AmoiIÊ`mM| n{hb| bjU Oa H$moUV| Agob Va V| {ZanojVm h| Amho.
{Zanoj Vmo _w»` "^ŠV'Ÿ& {Zanoj Vmo A{V "{daŠV' Ÿ& {Zanoj Vmo "{ZË`_wŠV'Ÿ&
gË` ^Jd§V {Zanojr Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 2-744) AmË_pñWVtV dmdaUmè`m
AmË_V¥ámbm H$emMr Anojm AgUma? XwamemJwU| Omo Zìho X¡Ý`dmUmŸ&& Ag|
nwT>| ûcmoH$ 168 _Ü`| g_WmªZr åhQ>b| Amho. Ë`mbm Anojm H$moUVr Agob Va
OrdmM| H$ë`mU ìhmd| EdT>rM. OJmÀ`m H$ë`mUm g§Vm§À`m {d^y{VŸ&& Vmo
gmpÎdH$ d d¡am½`g§nÞ Agë`m_wi| OZmMm CÕma H$[aVmo. gÝ_mJ© XmIdr
OZm Ÿ& Omo bmdr h[a^OZm Ÿ& kmZ {gH$dr AkmZm Ÿ& Vmo gÎdJwU Ÿ&& (Xm.
2-7-79)
_Zwî`mZ| gËg§JmgmR>t ^JraW à`ËZ H$amdm. Ë`m_wi| gVV _mJ|
bmJbob| OÝ__aUmM| MH«$ Wm§~V|. gËg§JoZ na§ àmß` XwñVa§ VaVo@{MamV²Ÿ &
Vñ_mX{n à`ËZoZ gËg§J§ gVV§ Hw$é Ÿ&& gËg§JmMm bm^ {_iVmo Aer g§Yr
Ambr ao Ambr H$s¨ àmn§{MH$ AS>MUr WmoS>çm _mJ| nwT>| H$ê$Z _mZdmZ| Ë`mMm
{Za§Va bm^ ¿`mdm. Ë`m_wi| XwO©ZmMr _{V nmbQy>Z gw_{V hmoVo. åhUOo AkmZr
OrdmÀ`m Xw_©VtV nmbQ> hmoD$Z Vr gw_{V hmoVo. ""XwO©ZmMr _Vr nmbQ>o gw_Vr
(hmo`o)'' XwO©ZmMr _Vr åhUOo Xw_©{V. Xw_©{V H$moUVr d gw_{V H$moUVr h| JrV|V
gm§{JVbo Amho. VÌ¡d§ g{V H$Vm©a_mË_mZ§ Ho$db§ Vw `… Ÿ& ní`Ë`H¥$V~w{ÕËdmÞ
g ní`{V Xw_©{V… Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 18-16) AH¥$V~w{Õ åhUOo AewÕ ~w{Õ. Xoh
B§{Ð`m{XH$m§À`m H$Sy>Z hmoUmè`m H$_m©M| H$V¥©Ëd Ë`m§À`mer EH$ê$n hmoD$Z Omo
ewÕ AmËå`mda bmXVmo Vmo Xw_©{V hmo`. gw`©àH$memÀ`m ApñVËdmda KSy>Z
`oUmao bmoH$m§Mo ì`dhma gy`m©da bmXU| h| _yI©nUmM| bjU Zìho H$m? Vg|
AmË_m AH$Vm© AgyZ{h H$Vm© dmQ>U| hrM Xw_©{V hmo`. Á`mMr ~w{Õ `o arVr Ÿ&
Vmo åhUmdm Xw_©{V Ÿ& Vmo{M OmUmdm gw_{V Ÿ& Á`mMr ~w{Õ AmË_m
AH$Vm© XoIVo Ÿ&& (`. Xr. 18-411) gËg§JmZ| hr Xw_©{V OmD$Z gw_{V àmá
hmoVo. åhUOo ~wÕtVrb AkmZ OmD$Z Vr gkmZ hmoVo. `mgmR>t A{Và`ËZmZ|
gËg§J gmYmdm.
`m gËg§JmÀ`m AmS> _w»`Ëd| H$moUVr Jmoï> `oV Agob Va Vr
H$m_mg{ŠV hmo`. åhUyZ åhUVmV H$s¨, Zm`H$m Or a{V {VMm n{V Omo _XZ Vmo
_hm Mm§S>mi Amho. OJm§V ñÌr Am{U YZ ho XmoZ {df` A{V _moh CËnÞ
H$aUmao AmhoV. Ë`m§Vë`mË`m§V ñÌr_moh A{VXméU Amho. ñÌrbmo^mZo bwãY
Pmbobm _Zwî` Ðì`mda nmUr gmoSy>Z {^H$mar ~ZÊ`mg{h V`ma hmoVmo.
ñÌr_mohmZ| Xoh~w{Õ dmT>Vo d Ë`m_wi| na_mWm©bm nmofH$ Ag| {df`d¡am½`
CËnÞ hmoV Zmhr. ñÌrH$m_| àn§M g~i Ÿ& ñÌrH$m_| Xw…I à~i Ÿ&
ñÌrH$m_| _m`ogr ~i Ÿ& ñÌrH$m_| gH$i _mo{hb| OJ Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 3-
234) åhUyZ _XZmbm Mm§S>mi åhQ>b|. `m Mm§S>mimMr ~mYm ZH$mo Agob Va
ho _Zm, Vy§ {Z{d©H$ma hmoD$Z ahm. _ZmVrV hmoD$Zr amho åhUOo ho _Zm, VwÂ`m
{R>H$mUt A_Zr^md CËnÞ hmoD§$ Xo. _Zmoì`mnmamda O` Pmbm AgVm§ _Z
_wŠ`mà_mU| ì`mnmaeyÝ` hmoD$Z amhV|. ZmZm àH$maÀ`m d¥{Îm h|M _ZmM|
ñdê$n Amho. V| d¥{ÎmeyÝ` Pmb| H$s¨ Ë`mM| _ZñËd Zï> hmoV|. hrM na_ pñW{V
hmo`. gËg§Jm{edm` qH$dm gX²Jwé~moYm{edm` hr na_ pñW{V àmá hmoV Zmht,
`mgmR>t gËg§J Ya.
H$moUr Aer e§H$m KoB©b H$s¨, ñÌrH$m_ hm Oa BVH$m à~b Amho
Va {Z{d©H$ma _Z hmoÊ`mgmR>t J¥hñWml_r _Zwî`mZ| ñÌr gmoSy>Z dZm§V Omd| H$s¨
H$m`? `mM| CÎma Ag| Amho H$s¨, ñdñÌrghdmg {OVH$m A{YH$ {VVH$m
_moh{dH$mambm Adga A{YH$ åhUyZ ZmW åhUVmV, ""ñdñÌrethr H$m`©nwaV|Ÿ&
nmMmamd| ñnem©d| {ZéV|Ÿ& nar AmgŠV hmoD${Z`m {MÎm|Ÿ& gd©Wm VoW| Zgmd|Ÿ&&''
({M. n.) nU Aem VèhoMr d¥{Îm hmoÊ`mgmR>t qH$dm Aer _ZmMr KS>U
~ZÊ`mgmR>t{h gËg§J Amdí`H$ Amho.
_Zm Aëng§H$ën Vmohr Zgmdm Ÿ&
gXm gË`g§H$ën {MÎmt dgmdm Ÿ&
OZr Oën {dH$ën Vmohr Ë`Omdm Ÿ&
a_mH$m§V `oH$m§VH$mit ^Omdm Ÿ&&130Ÿ&&
CÎm_ JVrgmR>t gËg§J Yamdm. Ë`m_wi| ~wÕtVrb AkmZ Xya hmoD$Z
Vr gkmZ hmoVo. ñÌ¡U d¥{Îm hr gËg§JmAmS> `oVo åhUyZ {VMm Ë`mJ H$ê$Z
_ZmVrV ìhmd|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. _ZmVrV hmoU| åhUOo H$m`
d V| H$g| ìhmd| `mMm ñnï> {dMma `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
_ZmM| ñdê$n Ho$di d¥{Îmê$n Amho. d¥{Îm Zmhrem Pmë`m H$s¨ _ZmM|
_ZnU Zmhtg| hmoV|. _Zmod¥{Îm Vo{M _Z OmU Ÿ& d¥{VhrZ V|{M _¥VnUŸ && (`mo.
dm) åhUyZ {dMmamZ| {M{H$Ëgm H$ê$Z _ZmoZme H$amdm bmJVmo. `m _Zmbm
{df`~mhþë`m_wi| _{bZVm `oVo d {Zdm©gZoZ| ewÕVm `oVo. dmgZm§ZtM _Z
~Õ hmoV| Am{U {Zdm©gZoZ| Vo _wŠV hmoV|. AZoH$OÝ_ dmgZmg§ñH$mam§_wio _Z
264 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 265

h| AZ§V d¥ÎmtV a§Jbob| AgV|. Ë`m d¥ÎmtVyZ Ë`mbm H$mT>U| h| H$m`© EH$X_
hmoV Zmht. nÕVeranU| {ddoH$mZ| Ë`mbm hiyhiy d¥{Îma{hV H$amd| bmJV|.
hr nÕV `m ûcmoH$m§V \$ma _m{_©H$nU| gm§{JVbr Amho.
hr nÕV g_OÊ`mgmR>t àW_ {Vga| MaU Z§Va Xwga| d Z§Va
n{hbo MaU Agm H«$_ KoD§$. {Vgè`m MaUm§V Vo gm§JVmV H$s¨ _Zm§V `oUmè`m
_m{`H$ {dH$ënm§Mm àW_V… Ë`mJ H$amdm. Oën åhUOo ~S>~S> Am{U {dH$ën
åhUOo AgË` ñ_aU. nU _w»` {dH$ën åhUOo hmo` qH$dm Zmht hm g§e`.
g§e{`V, ^«_mË_H$ åhUOo AZmË_ dñVy~Ôb `oUmao AZoH$ {dMma àW_V…
~§X H$amdoV. Ë`mMr CJrM ~S>~S> H$arV ~gy Z`o. ho AZmË_{dMma ~§X
hmoÊ`mgmR>t AmË_dñVy~Ôb {dMma H$arV amhmd| Ag| Xwgè`m MaUm§V gm§JVmV.
VmËn`© h| H$s¨, _m{`H$ qH$dm àmn§{MH$ {dMma Wm§~dyZ nma_m{W©H$ {dMmam§V
ahmd|. gË` ~«÷mMm g§H$ënŸ & {_Ï`m _m`oMm {dH$ën Ÿ& Eo{g`m Û¡VmMm
Oën Ÿ& _Z{M H$arŸ && (Xm. 7-5-4) O| nwT>| Q>mH$md| Ë`mda PS>n KmbÊ`mMr
_Zmbm gd` Amho. åhUyZ AmË_{dMma nwT>| Ho$bo H$s¨ Ë`m§V{h V| a§JV|. na§Vw
_ZmoO` hmoÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm _ZmM| _ZnU Zmhrg| hmoÊ`mgmR>r AZmË_ AJa
AmË_ Agm H$moUVmM g§H$ën Cn`moJr Zmht, Ag| àW_ MaUm§V gm§JVmV.
gË` ~«÷mMm g§H$ën H$aUma| _Z{h d¥{Îma{hV Pmb| nm{hOo. d¥{Îma{hV O|
kmZŸ& V|{M nyU© g_mYmZŸ& OoW| VwQ>| AZwg§YmZŸ& _m`m~«÷rM|Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-5-14)
hm {df` ñnï> hmoÊ`mgmR>t EH$ CXmhaU KoD§$. dmag Zgë`m_wi|
EH$m g§ñWmZmÀ`m amÁ`mda EH$ hþema, VaVarV eoVH$è`mMm _wbJm XÎmH$
KoD$Z ~g{dbm. nwT>| {ejU KoD$Z Vmo CÎm_ amÁ` H$ê§$ bmJbm. `m _wbmÀ`m
_Z…pñWVrMm {dMma Ho$bm åhUOo darb {ddoMZ ñnï> hmoB©b. XÎmH$ Joë`mda
`m _wbmbm àW_V… Amnë`m eoVH$ar OrdZmMr daModa AmR>dU hmoB©b.
nU Vmo OgOgm amÁ`H$ma^ma nmhÿ§ bmJob VgVgm AmnU eoVH$ar hmoVm|,
h| {dgaV OmB©b d AmnU amOm Amhm| Agm g§ñH$ma Ë`mÀ`m _Zmda hmoV
OmB©b. amÁ`H$ma^mam§V Vmo nyU©nU| éibm åhUOo amÁ` H$arV AgVm§{h
Amnb| amOonU {dgê$Z Vmo amÁ` H$arb. àW_V… eoVH$ar OrdZmM| ñ_aU. V|
OmD$Z nwT>| amOm Agë`mM| ñ_aU d eodQ>r amOm amhÿZ amOonUmM|
{dñ_aU. AerM _ZmMr CÞ{V hmoD$Z V| CÝ_Z hmoV|. àW_V… OrdXoeoM|
ñ_aU, nwT>| Ë`m XeoM| {dñ_aU d AmË_XeoM| ñ_aU, Ë`mnwT>| AmË_ñdê$nt
amhÿZ AmË_XeoM| {dñ_aU hm AZw^d Agë`m_wi| Vmo qMVZm§V `oV Zmht.
åhUyZ gm§JVm{h `oV Zmht. AmH$mamM| qMVZŸ& amhVm§ AmË_mH$ma _ZŸ& O|
CÝ_Zt V| CÝ_ZŸ& V| CÝ_Z OmUdob nar qMVdoZmŸ&& (`. Xr. 2-670)
hm _ZmMm CÞVrMm H«$_ Oa ghO {dZmgm`mg gmYmd`mMm Agob
Va Ë`mgmR>t CÎm_ gmYZ åhUOo am_am`mM| EH$mÝVm§V EH$mJ«VoZ|, ào_mZ| ^OZ
H$aU| h| hmo`. EH$mÝVmM| _hÎd \$ma Amho. EH$mÝVm§V g§H$moM d¥{Îm d Xm§{^H$nUm
`m§Mm g§Mma ZgVmo, åhUyZ {MÎm am_ñdê$nt OS>Ê`mg gmoB©M| hmoV|. {eî`m
EH$m§Vt ~¡gmd|Ÿ& ñdê$nt {dlm§Vrg Omd|Ÿ& VoU| JwU| ÑT>mZ|Ÿ& na_mW© hmŸ&& (Xm.
5-6-58) nwT>rb ûcmoH$ nmhVm§ `m ûcmoH$m§Vrb a_mH$m§V `m eãXmZ| g_WmªZr
gJwU am_ê$n gwM{db| Amho. EH$mÝVmV lram_mM| nyOZ, ^OZ, Ü`mZ BË`m{X
H$amd|. AmË_ê$n h| {ZJw©U Amho, {ZJw©Um§V _Z pñWa hmoU| h| AdKS> OmV|.
am_ê$nmZ| ZQ>boë`m AmË_M¡VÝ`mM| Ü`mZ gwb^ nS>V|. `m gJwU ê$nmda{h
_Z pñWa Z hmoVm§ BH$S>o {VH$S>o Ym§dy§ bmJb| Var IoX Z H$aVm§ ZoQ>mZ|
Aä`mg H$ê$Z V| nwZ… nwZ… naVdyZ am_ê$nt pñWa H$amd|. gJwU ê$nmda
YmaUm Yê$Z _Z {Züb Pmb| åhUOo gJwU kmZ {gÕ Pmb|. `m gJwU
Ü`mZm§VyZM {ZJw©U YmaUm, Ü`mZ BË`m{X AdñWm§VyZ _ZmMr ghO àJ{V hmoD$Z
V| CÝ_Z hmoV|. åhUyZ gJwU am_ê$nmM| EH$m§Vm§V ^OZ H$amd| Ag|
gm§{JVb|. `m ê$ntM nwZ… nwZ…Ÿ& H$amdr pñWa YmaUmŸ& `oW| {Züi H$[aVm§
_ZmŸ& {ZJw©Ut YmaUm ghO hmo`Ÿ&& (X. _. 14-95)
^Om`m OZt nm§hVm§ am_ `oHy$ Ÿ&
H$ar ~mU `oHw$ _wIt eãX `oHy$ Ÿ&
{H«$`m nmhVm§ CÕao gd© bmoHy$ Ÿ&
Yam OmZH$sZm`H$mMm {ddoHy$ Ÿ&&131Ÿ&&
g§H$ën{dH$ëna{hV åhUOo d¥{Îma{hV Aer _ZmMr AdñWm ìhmd`mMr
Agob Va EH$m§Vm§V lram_^OZ H$amd|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbo§. AmnU
am_^OZm~ÔbM BVH$m AmJ«h H$m YarV Amhm| d Ë`mMm àgma H$m§ H$arV Amhm|
`mM| CÎma g_WmªZt `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb| AgyZ {ddoH$`wŠV ^OZ_mJ© XmI{dbm
Amho.
H$moUVr{h ì`{ŠV nyÁ` hmoVo, Vr Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt Agboë`m
JwUm_wi|. eara h| hmS>m_mgmM|, KmU, _Ë`© Amnb| AmnUmgM {H$igdmU|.
266 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 267

Aem earamM| ^OZ H$moU H$arb ? nU eara nyOZr`, hmoVo V| Am§Vrb
JwUm_wio. dada {Xgmd`mbm nyOm earamMr nU Vr Iar AgVo Am§Vrb
JwUm§Mr. H$nS>çmda KmVbobm hma hm Ë`m H$nS>çmgmR>t ZgVmo, Vmo Am§Vrb
nwéfmÀ`m JwUm§gmR>t AgVmo. åhUyZ JwUm… nyOmñWmZ§ Jw{Ufw ZM qbJ§ ZM
d`…Ÿ&& lram_ h| gw§Xa àVrH$ M¡VÝ`mMm Jm^m AgyZ ~hþJwUr Ag| Amh|.
gm¢X`¢dm© JwU¡dm© aKwn{VgÑemo ZmpñV Xodmo {ÛVr`…Ÿ&& Ag| EH$ gw^m{fV Amho.
gm¢X`m©Z| qH$dm JwUmZ| `wŠV Ag| AÝ` X¡dV Zmht.
EImXm OrdÝ_wŠV ñdV… AmË_V¥á AgVm§{h d Ë`mbm H$m§hr H$V©ì`
ZgVm§{h, bmoH$g§J«hmW© Á`mà_mU| Y_m©bm AZwgê$Z Ë`mMm AmMma AgVmo, Ë`mà_mU|
ñdV… M¡VÝ`ê$n AmË_mam_ AgyZ{h amOmZ| Y_©amÁ` H$g| H$amd| d gm_mÝ` OZm§Zr
C{MV Ag| H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ d gm_m{OH$ OrdZ H$g| OJmd|, `mM| {ejU XoÊ`mgmR>t hm
^Jd§VmMm AdVma Amho. AmkmYmaH$ nwÌ, ào_i n{V, nmR>ramIm ~§Yw, Anojma{hV
{_Ì ho Ogo lram_mMo ì`{ŠVJV JwU AmhoV, Vg|M em¡`©, Y¡`©, XmV¥Ëd, àOmZwa§OZ
BË`m{X amOmbm emo^Vrb Ago{h JwU Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt AmhoV. amOm hm gXmMmag§nÞ
d Y_©{Zð> Agbm åhUOo àOm Ë`mM| AZwH$aU H$ê$Z C{MV _mJm©Z| dmJVo d
Voìhm§M Y_©amÁ` Zm§XV|. åhUyZM ""amOm H$mbñ` H$maU§'', Ag| åhQ>b| Amho.
^maVr` d¡{XH$ Y_©amÁ` h| IamoIa ñn¥hUr` Amho. AH$mbt _aU Zmhr, CËnmV
ZmhtV, Xw{^©ú` Zmht, Mmoar Zmhr, AY_m©Z| dmJU| Zmht. `WmH$mbt nS>o nO©Ý` Ÿ&
gd©Ì {nHo$ CÎm_ YmÝ` Ÿ& bmoH$ hmoVr dXmÝ` Ÿ& _mÝ` amOm amÁ` H$[aVm§Ÿ && (X.
_. 16-71) Ag| h| Y_© amÁ` Amho. am_amOm hm g_W© åhUOo AZoH$ CÎm_ JwUm§Zr
`wŠV Agm amOm hmoVm. åhUyZ am_amÁ` Pmb|. am_Xmg ho àMr{V `oD$Z ~mobUmao
g§V AmhoV. Ho$di H$mJXr nwamì`mbm _mZ XoUmao g§V ZìhoV. Vo åhUVmV,
""Am_wMo Hw$it aKwZmWŸ & aKwZmW| Am_wMm na_mW© Ÿ& Omo g_Wm©Mm hr g_W©
Ÿ& Xodm gmoS>{dVmŸ &&'' (Xm. 6-7-21) ""aKwZmW ñ_amoZr H$m`© H$amd| Ÿ& Vo
VËH$miMr {gÕr nmdo Ÿ& H$Vm© am_ h| Agmd| Ÿ& Aä`m§Vat Ÿ&&'' (Xm. 6-7-
33) `m ^mdmZ| ""^Om`m OZt nmhVm§ am_ `oHy$'' Ag| Vo åhUVmV.
lram_ ho AdVmar nwéf Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§À`m {R>H$mUt AZoH$ CÎm_
JwUm§Mm g_wƒ` AgU| h| ñdm^m{dH$ Amho. BVHo$ JwU _mZdm§V AgU|
H$R>rU. nU Á`m JwUm§_wi| _mZd Amnbm CÕma H$ê§$ eHo$b Ago H$m§ht
{ZdS>H$ JwU Ë`mbm am_M[aÌmnmgyZ AZwH$aU H$aVm `oÊ`mOmoJo AmhoV, Ag|
{Vgè`m MaUm§V gm§JyZ Vo JwU H$moUVo ho Xwgè`m MaUm§V gm§{JVbo AmhoV.
am_mnmgyZ KoVm§ `oÊ`mOmoJo JwU g_WmªZr AmUIr{h EHo$ {R>H$mUt gm§{JVb|
AmhoV. H$s{V© `m aKwZmWmMr nmhVm§ VwiUm ZgoŸ & EH$ ~mUr EH$ dMZr Ÿ&
EH$ nËZrM Ym{_©Hw$ Ÿ&& (_m. n§. 1-6) ho _mZdmZ| AZwgaÊ`mgmaIo JwU ZmhtV
H$m ? lram_mMm ~mU Xwï>m§M| {ZX©iU d gwï>m§M| g§ajU `mgmR>t hmoVm. Ë`mà_mU|
_mZdmbm C{MV H$_m©~Ôb AmXa d AZw{MV H$_m©~Ôb MrS> nm{hOo. Ogm
lram_mMm AMwH$ ~mU Vgm _mZdmMm AMwH$ à`ËZ Agmdm, AMwH$ `ËZ
H$adoZm Ÿ& åhUmoZ Ho$b| V| gOoZmŸ& Amnbm AdJwU OmUdoZmŸ& H$m§ht Ho$ë`mŸ&&
(Xm. 12-2-6) AMwH$ à`ËZ, gËH¥$Ë`mMr MmS> d XwîH¥$Ë`mMr MrS>, gË`
dMZ, nañÌr _mVog_mZ d Ym{_©H$ OrdZ `m JwUm§M| Adb§~Z H$aÊ`m§V _Zwî`mMm
CÕma Amho. Oo JwU lram_mbm {à` Vo Oa Amnë`m§V Agbo Va AmnU lram_mMo
bmS>Ho$ hmoUma Zmht H$m§? ~mnmbm AmdS>Umao JwU Oa _wbm§V AgVrb Va Vmo
~mnmMm bmS>H$m Amho h| H$m` gm§Jmd`mg nm{hOo ? Xodmg Á`mMr AË`§V
àr{VŸ& AmnU dVm©d| VoU| arVtŸ& `oUoH$[aVm§ ^Jd§VtŸ& g»` KS>o Zo_ñVŸ&&
(Xm. 4-8-3) ho JwU A§Jt ~mUë`mg _Zwî`mMm AmR>ì`m åhUOo g»`^ŠVtV
àdoe hmoD$Z, am_ hmoD$Z am_^OZ hmoUmar Zddr ^{ŠV Ë`mbm gmYVo d Ë`mMm
CÕma hmoVmo.
eodQ>À`m MaUm§V g_W© Agm Bemam XoVmV H$s¨ OmZH$sZm`H$mMm {ddoHw$
Yam, lram_mÀ`m JwUm§M| Amåhr dU©Z Ho$b| åhUyZ Vmo ~hþJwUm§Zt `wŠV, JwUm§V
AS>H$bobm Agm EH$ _mZd Amho, Ag| _mÌ g_Oy§ ZH$m. Vg| g_Omb Va Vwåhr
A{ddoH$s R>amb. AdOmZpÝV _m§ _yT>m _mZwft VZw_m{lV§Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 9-11)
`mgmR>r Ë`m OmZH$sd„^mMm ZrQ> {ddoH$ H$ê$Z Ë`mM| ^OZ H$am åhUOo Ë`mÀ`m
{R>H$mUt Agbob| B©œaËd, na_mË_VÎd h| Ü`mZt ¿`m. hm OmZH$sd„^ åhUOo
AmH$mem{X ^yVm§M| d àmÊ`m§Mo A{dZmer Am{XH$maU hmo` Ag| OmUyZ Ë`mM|
{ddoH$`wŠV ^OZ H$am. gd©Ì VmoM nmhm d àm{U_mÌm§Mm g§Vmof amIm, Ë`mbm
g_W© ^OZ åhUVmV. ^oQ>mo H$moUr EHw$ ZaŸ& YoS> _hma Mm§^maŸ& Ë`m§M| amImd|
A§VaŸ& `mM| Zm§d ^OZŸ&& _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V EH$mÝV H$mim§Vrb ^OZ gm§{JVb|
d `m ûcmoH$m§V gd© H$mit hmoUma| kmZ`wŠV AmË_mam_ ^OZ gm§{JVb|. EH$mÝVm§V
Om|da gJwU am_ê$n^OZgmYZ Amho Vm|da bmoH$mV{h gJwU am_ê$n nmhmd|,
EH$mÝVm§V {ZJw©U am_ê$n AZw^dmbm Amb| H$s¨ gd©Ì AmË_mam_M {Xgob.
268 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 269

{dMmê${Z ~mobo {dd§My{Z Mmb|Ÿ &
V`mMo{Z g§Vá Vohr {Zdmbo Ÿ&
~a| emoYë`m{dU ~mobm| ZH$mo hmo Ÿ&
OZt MmbU| ewÕ Zo_ñV amhmo Ÿ&&132Ÿ&&
lram_mMo JwU d {H«$`m bjm§V KoD$Z Ë`mà_mU| dmJë`mg bmoH$m§Mm CÕma
hmoB©b. åhUyZ gJwU am_ê$n bjm§V KoD$Z dmJmd| d V|M ê$n ^yV_mÌm§V nmhÿZ
Ë`mM| ^OZ H$amd|. `mà_mU| Ë`mM| qMVZ gVV OmJ¥V R>odmd|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVb|. _Zwî`mbm OrdËdmH$Sy>Z B©eËdmH$S>o Omd`mM| Agë`mg {dMma d AmMma
`m§À`m EoŠ`m§M| Ho$dT>| _hÎd Amho, V| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
{dMma AgyZ AmMma Zgob Va H$m`©{g{Õ hmoV Zmht Am{U AmMma AgyZ
Ë`mÀ`m_mJ| {dMma Zgob Va H$m`© ìhmd| Vg| hmoV Zmht. åhUyZ _Zwî`mbm Amnbr
àJ{V Oa PnmQ>çmZ| H$ê$Z ¿`md`mMr Agob Va AmMma d {dMma `m XmoÝhr{h
Jmoï>tMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. {dMmam{edm` AmMma hm Am§Yim Amho Am{U
AmMmam{dZm {dMma hm nm§Jim Amho. nU Am§Yù`mnm§Jù`mM| EoŠ` Pmë`mg àJ{V
_mÌ hmoVo. nm§Jim dmQ> XmI{dVmo d Am§Yim MmbVmo. `m XwMmH$s JmS>rMr Om{hamV
g_WmªZt Xmg~moYm§V {R>H${R>H$mUt {Xbr Amho. hr XwMmH$s OZmbmM Mmb{dVm§
`oVo, OZmdambm Zmht. BVH|$M H$m` nU Vr Á`mbm Mmb{dVm§ `oVo VmoM _Zwî`,
Ag| g_WmªM| åhUU| Amho. {ddoH$hrZ Oo OZŸ& Vo OmUmdo neyg_mZŸ& Ë`m§M|
EoH$Vm§ ^mfUŸ& nabmoH$ H¢$MmŸ&& (Xm. 12-8-24) _mZdr OrdZ åhQ>b| H$s¨ VoW|
AmMmam_mJ| {dMma nm{hOo. åhUyZM ûcmoH$ 41 _Ü`| ""{dMma| ~a| A§Vam ~moYdmd|''
Ag| gm§{JVb| d ûcmoH$ 105 _Ü`| ""{d{dH|$ {H«$`m Amnwbr nmbQ>mdr'' Ag|
gm§{JVb|. ~mobÊ`mMmbÊ`m_mJ| {dMma Agbm åhUOo H$m` bm^ hmoVmo V| `m
ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
Omo {dMma H$ê$Z ~mobVmo d A{V {dMmanyd©H$ MmbVmo Ë`mbm
ñdV…bm Va em§{V {_iVoM, nU Ë`mÀ`m ghdmgm§V `oUmao Oo g§gmanr{S>V
bmoH$ Vo{h Ë`mM| ~mobU| EoHy$Z d MmbU| nmhÿZ g_mYmZ nmdVmV. _Zwî`mZ|
{ddoH$mZ|M `mo½` Vmo {dMma {ZdSy>Z Ë`mà_mU| ~mobb| Mmbb| nm{hOo, {dMma|
OmUmdm {dMmaŸ& A§Vat OmUmd| A§VaŸ&& {dMmamZ|M {dMmamMr {ZdS> hmoVo
d _ZmZ|M _Z OmUVm§ `oV|.{dd§My{Z åhUOo {dMmamM| _§WZ H$ê$Z,
g_wÐ_§WZmVyZ {df {Z_m©U Pmb| Vg| A_¥V{h {Z_m©U Pmb|. Ë`mà_mU|
{dMmamM| KwgiU| gwê$ Pmb| åhUOo Ë`m§VyZ gmYH$~mYH$ Ago gwï> d Xwï>
{dMma ~mhoa nS>VmV. Ë`m§VyZ gwï> {dMmaJ«hU H$ê$Z Ë`mà_mU| dmJmd| d
~mobmd|. {dMmê${Z ~mobo åhUOo Omo {dMma H$ê$Z ~mobVmo Am{U {dd§My{Z
Mmbo åhUOo A{V {dMmanyd©H$ qH$dm H$miOrnyd©H$ dmJVmo, VmoM ñdnag_mYmZ
amIy§ eH$Vmo. ~mobU| ~mobyZ g§nV| nU H$_©-\$b ^moJmd| bmJV|. `mgmR>t
dmJU| A{V {dMmanyd©H$ d gmdYmZVoM| nm{hOo.
AmVm§ {dMma_§WZ Var H$moUË`m Jmoï>tM| H$amd| Ag| {dMmaë`mg g_W©
åhUVmV H$s¨ g¥ï>rnmgyZ Vm| g¥{ï>H$Ë`m© B©œamn`ªV gd© Jmoï>tMm {dMma nwZ… nwZ…
H$amdm. na_oœa| {Z{_©b| V|Ÿ& AI§S> Ñï>rg nS>V|Ÿ& {dda{ddam| g_Omd| V|Ÿ&
{ddoH$s OZtŸ&& (Xm. 18-2-25) Vmo {Z_m©U H$aVmo OZmŸ& nar nmhm| OmVm§
{XgoZmŸ& {ddoH$~i| AZw_mZmŸ& AmUrV OmdmŸ&& (Xm. 18-2-27) `m gd©
{dMma_§WZmM| d_© h| Amho H$s¨ àJVrg Cn`wŠV AgVrb Ago gma {dMma Camet
~miJmdoV d Oo {Zén`moJr Agma {dMma AgVrb, Vo H$m§ {Zén`moJr AmhoV h|
OmUyZ gmoSy>Z ÚmdoV. Cƒ {dMmamZ|M _Zwî` Amnbr àJ{V H$arV AgVmo. {dMma|
D$Üd© MT>VrŸ& V`mgrM D$Üd©J{VŸ& `oam§ gH$im§ AYmoJ{VŸ& nXmW©kmZoŸ&&
(Xm. 17-3-21) Aem Cƒ AmMma-{dMmar nwéfm§À`m g§JVtV Oo H$moUr {Ì{dY
VmnmZ| H$ï>r Pmbobo bmoH$ `oVmV, Ë`m§Zm àn§M d na_mW© `m XmoÝhrhr ~m~VtV `mo½`
V| _mJ©Xe©Z KS>V| d Ë`m_wi| g_mYmZ {_iV|. àn§M d na_mWmªV Omo `mo½` {dMmamZ|
dmJVmo VmoM {ddoH$s, VmoM _wŠV d VmoM Xwgè`mg g_mYmZ XoVmo. g§gmat AgVm§
_wŠVŸ& Vmo{M OmUmdm g§`wŠVŸ& AI§S> nmho `wŠVm`wŠVŸ& {dMmaUm hoŸ&&
(Xm. 12-1-8)
àn§MmV AWdm na_mWmªV `wŠVm`wŠV {dMma H$ê$ZM dmJmd| d _J
~mobmd|. Á`m Jmoï>r~Ôb Amnbm R>m_ {dMma Pmbm Zgob VoW| ""`m§Vrb _bm
H$m§ht _mhrV Zmht'' Ag| ñnï> gm§JÊ`mg bmOy§ Z`o. _mhrV Zgboë`m
Jmoï>r~Ôb Amnb| AkmZ Z_«nU| ì`ŠV H$amd|. {dMma Pmë`m{edm` CJmM
~mobV gwQy>§ Z`o Am{U gVV gXmMmamM|M OrdZ OJmd|. g_W© åhUVmV, "_w»`
`ËZ {dMmamMmŸ& Ë`mdar ~mobU| ~a|Ÿ&& MmbU| gË` Zo_mM|Ÿ& Zr{VÝ`m`
MwH$m| Z`oŸ&&' (ñ\y$. à. 2-2)
270 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 271

har^ŠV draŠV {dkmZamer Ÿ&
OoU| _mZgt ñWm{nb| {ZíM`mgr Ÿ&
V`m Xe©Zo ñne©Z| nwÊ` OmoS>o Ÿ&
V`m ^mfU| Zï> g§Xoh _moS>o Ÿ&&133Ÿ&&
~mobU| MmbU| `m§À`m_mJ| {dMmamMr ~¡R>H$ Agbr åhUOo Vmo _Zwî`
ñdnag_mYmZ H$g| amIy§ eH$Vmo, h| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. EH$m AmË_~wÕrMm
{Zü` Pmbm åhUOo ^{ŠV, kmZ, d¡am½` d ñdê$nmZw^d ho àmá hmoD$Z _Zwî`mM|
gm_Ï`© H$g| dmT>V|, h| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
gm_mÝ`nU| nm{hë`mg ^OZ qH$dm H$sV©Z H$aUmam h[aXmg ~hþYm
{daŠV ZgVmo d nwîH$i kmZ gm§JUmam kmVm hm ^ŠV ZgVmo. ho XmoÝhr JwU EH$Ì
EH$mM ì`ŠVtV AgU| h| ^m½` hmo`. V¡gm h[aXmg Am{U {daŠVŸ& kmVm Am{U
ào_i ^ŠVŸ& {dËnÞ Am{U dmXa{hVŸ& Var hohr Anyd©VmŸ&& (Xm. 14-5-4)
hr Anyd©Vm g¥ï>rg§~§Yr gmamgma d Xohmg§~Yt {ZË`m{ZË` {ddoH$mZ| bm^Vo.
H$moUV|hr H$_© {ddoH$mZ| S>moig åhUOo ewÕ {ZXm}f hmoV|. AmdS>rZwgma H$moUË`m{h
XodmM| Zm_ê$n ñdrH$mab| Var ^{ŠV hmoVo, Vr EH$m A§VamËå`mMrM hmo` Agm
{ddoH$mZ| {Zü` Pmbm H$s¨, VrM ewÕ h[a^{ŠV hmo`. Ë`mà_mU| gd© MamMa
g¥ï>rM| AmË_mam_ h|M A{Yð>mZM¡VÝ` Agë`m_wi| Amnb| ñdê$n{h V|M Amho,
_r Agm AÝ` H$moUr Zmhr, Ag| {ddoH$mZ| kmZ hmoD$Z V| AZw^{dU| h|M ewÕ kmZ
d {dkmZ hmo`. Ordw na_mË_m XmoZr EH$Ÿ& Eog| OmUU| V| "kmZ' XoIŸ& EoŠ`|
^moJU| na_mË_gwIŸ& "{dkmZ' gå`H$ Ë`m Zm§dŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 19-65) emñÌ
d Jwê$nmgyZ empãXH$ kmZ Pmb| Var Ë`mMm AZw^d `oÊ`mgmR>t d Vmo ÑT>
hmoÊ`mgmR>t YmaUmÜ`mZm{X Aä`mg H$amdmM bmJVmo. Ë`mZ§VaM AmË_ñdê$nmMm
{Zü` ÑT> hmoD$Z Ë`mMm {dga nS>V Zmht. AmË_~w{Õ {Zü`mMrŸ& Vo{M Xem
_mojlrMrŸ& Ahm_mË_m h| H$Yt{M Ÿ& {dgam| Z`o Ÿ&& (Xm. 5-10-38)
H$mo@h§ hm g§Xoh Zmhtgm hmoD$Z gmo@h§ Ag| {Zü`mË_H$ kmZ Pmb| nm{hOo.
Ag| AmË_kmZ Pmb| Amho h| AmoiIÊ`mMr IyU Var H$moUVr? Omo
AmË_mZw^dr AgVmo Vmo gXmZ§Xr AgVmo. Ë`mbm AmZ§X ^moJÊ`mgmR>t BVa
OZm§à_mU| {df`mMr Amdí`H$Vm ZgVo. {df`{da{hV Agm Ë`mMm AmZ§X AgVmo.
g{ƒXmZ§X Aem AmË_ñdê$nt {Z_½Z Amho Vmo AmZ§X emoYÊ`mgmR>t XwgarH$S>o
nmhrb H$embm? AmUrH$ EH$ VoWtMt IyUŸ& {df`mdrU ñdmZ§X nyU©Ÿ&
h| AZw^dmM| _w»` bjUŸ& gË` OmU gmËdVmŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 19-31) Aem
gmjmËH$mar nwéfmbm H$emMrhr Anojm amhmV Zgë`m_wi| Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt ÑT>
d¡am½` AgV|. H$emMr{h ñn¥hm ZgU| V|M ÑT> d¡am½`. OoW {Z…ñn¥hVm g_yi
gm§J Ÿ& Ë`m{M Zm§d ÑT> d¡am½`Ÿ && (Zm. ^m. 25-64) gmam§e,
AmË_ZmË_{ddoH$`wŠV ^OZgmYZm_wi| Vmo AZÝ` ^ŠV AgVmo, AmË_kmZm_wi|
Vmo kmZr AgVmo, Ë`m kmZmÀ`m AZw^dm_wi| Vmo {dkmZr AgVmo d AmË_Vwï>r_wi|
Vmo {daŠV AgVmo.
Aem nwéfmÀ`m Xe©ZmZ|, ñnem©Z| nwÊ` bm^V| d Ë`mÀ`m ^mfUmZ|
Xwgè`mbm{h {Zü`mM| kmZ hmoV|. nwÊ` OmoS>U| åhUOo ~«÷kmZ hmoU|. g_W© Ñí`
_m`obm nmn åhUVmV d gË` ~«÷mbm nwÊ` åhUVmV. Ñí` nmn dmogab| Ÿ& nwÊ`
na~«÷ Cab| Ÿ& AZÝ` hmoVm§M Omb| Ÿ& Zm_mVrV Ÿ&& (Xm. 10-10-56) åhUyZ
""AmË_kmZ nmho gXm Ÿ& Ë`mÀ`m nwÊ`mg Zmht _`m©XmŸ &&'' (Xm. 10-10-65)
darb JwUm§Zt `wŠV Agm nwéf Amnë`m§Vrb kmZeŠVrMm àdoe Xwgè`mÀ`m
{R>H$mUt H$ê§$ eH$Vmo. EdT>| Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr§ gm_Ï`© CËnÞ hmoV|. `mbmM e{ŠVnmV
Ag| åhUVmV. `m e{ŠVnmVmM| gm_Ï`© Á`m nwéfmbm AgV| Ë`mbm `moJramUm
Ag| nwT>rb ûcmoH$m§V g_WmªZt åhQ>b|, Amho. h| emñÌ _moR>| J_VrXma AgyZ ^maVr`
{daŠV gËnwéfm§M| AMmQ> AmÜ`mpË_H$ gm_Ï`© XmI{dUma| V| Amho. `m ûcmoH$m§Vrb
V| Jwø ahñ` Agë`m_wi| Ë`mMm WmoS>Š`mV {dMma nmhÿ§.
e{ŠVnmV åhUOo H$m` `mMr gw§Xa ì`m»`m _wHw§$XamOm§Zt Amnë`m
{ddoH$qgYy§V {Xbr Amho. VoW kmZeŠVrMm àdoew Ÿ& AkmZeŠVrMm {ZamgwŸ&
C{R>bm ñd`§ àH$mewŸ& {eî` M¡VÝ`tŸ&& `m kmZeŠVrMm àdoe Mma àH$mam§Zr Jwé
H$[aVmV. Xe©ZmV² ñne©ZmV² eãXmV² H¥$n`m {eî` XohHo$ Ÿ&& (1) {eî`mH$S>o
nmhÿZ (2) Ë`mbm ñne© H$ê$Z, (3) eãX_§ÌmZo qH$dm CnXoe H$ê$Z qH$dm (4)
Ë`mM| H$ë`mU ìhmd| EdT>r BÀN>m Pmë`mZ|. `m g§~§YrMo ^anya XmIbo kmZoœar§V
nmhmd`mg {_iVmV. gX²Jwé-ñVdZm§V kmZoœam§Zr {R>H${R>H$mUr Á`m Amoì`m KmVë`m
AmhoV Ë`m nm{hë`m åhUOo, Ë`m§Mo Jwé Oo {Zd¥{ÎmZmW Ë`m§À`m{R>H$mUt darbà_mU|
Mma{h àH$mam§Zt e{ŠVnmV KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mM| gm_Ï`© hmoV| Ag| {XgV|. H$g| V|
nmhm.
ñne©- kmZXod åhUo _r MmS>| Ÿ& gX²>Jwê§$Zt Ho$bm H$moS>| Ÿ& _mWm§ hmV
R>o{dbo V| \w$S>| Ÿ& ~r{M dmBb| Ÿ&& (km. 6-492) lrH¥$îUm§Zt AOw©Zmbm {_R>r
272 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 273

_mabr Ë`mM| H$maU gm§JVm§Zm kmZmo~m åhUVmV, ""Eog| O| H$m§ht EH$Ÿ & ~mobm
~wÕrgrhr AQ>H$ Ÿ& V| Úmd`m {_I Ÿ& IodmM| Ho$b| Ÿ&&'' (km. 18-1420)
lrH¥$îUmZ| CÕdmMr nmR> WmonQ>br `mM| H$maU gm§JVmZm ZmW åhUVmV, ""nmR>r
WmnQ>d`m{_g| OmU Ÿ& H$[aV ñde{ŠVg§MaU Ÿ& VoU| AÛ~moYbjUŸ & CÕdmgr
OmU àH$mer Ÿ&&'' (Zm. ^m. 11-128) ñne© d Ñ{ï>jon …- h| Agmo {XR>r
O`mdar PiHo$ Ÿ& H$s¨ hm nÙH$ê§$ _mWm§ nméIoŸ& Vmo OrdMr n[a VwHo$Ÿ& _hoeoerŸ&&
(km. 10-9) H¥$nmH$Q>mj| Ý`mhm{ib|Ÿ& Amnwë`mnXt ~¡g{db|Ÿ&& eãX …- Mm¡Xmì`m
AÜ`m`m§V {df` gwê$ Z H$[aVm§ kmZmo~m§Zr JwéM| ñVdZM Mmby§ R>o{db|. Voìhm§
{Zd¥{ÎmZmW åhUVmV- ""h| Agmo AmVm dmOQ>m Ÿ& Vmo kmZmW© H$ê$Zr Jmo_Q>m Ÿ&
J«§W Xmdr CËH§$R>mŸ & ^§Jm| ZoXrŸ&&'' `mda kmZoœa CÎma XoVmV- ""hmo H$m§ Or ñdm_r
Ÿ& h|{M nmhmVw hmoVm| _r Ÿ& O| lrJwé_wI| åhUm Vwåhr Ÿ& J«§Wy gm§J Ÿ&&'' (km. 14-
26,27) H¥$nm …- H¥$noZ| hmoUmè`m e{ŠVnmVmM| dU©Z ûcmo. 151 _Ü`o "gmZwamJ|'
`m eãXmZ| Ho$b| Amho. VoW| Ë`mMm {dMma nmhÿ.
`m e{ŠVnmVmMm _w»` hoVw {eî`mÀ`m {R>H$mUtM Agbobr kmZe{ŠV
OmJ¥V H$ê$Z d¥{Îma{hV AdñWoÀ`m Ûmam Ë`mbm AÛ¡V~moYmMm AZw^d XmI{dU|
hm hmo`. åhUyZ g_W© åhUVmV- ""_w»` e{ŠVnmV Vmo EogmŸ& Zmht M§MimMm
digmŸ& {Zdm§Vt {Zdm§V H¡$gmŸ& {Z{d©H$marŸ&&'' (Xm. 15-10-13) `m JyT> AWm©Z|
""V`m Xe©Z| ñne©Z| nwÊ` OmoS>oŸ&&'' Ag| g_W© åhUVmV.
Zgo Jd© Am§Jt gXm drVamJr Ÿ&
j_mem§{V ^moJr X`mXj `moJr Ÿ&&
Zgo bmo^ Zm jmo^ Zm X¡Ý`dmUm Ÿ&
Bht bjUt Om{UOo `mo{JamUm Ÿ&&134Ÿ&&
AmË_mZw^dr, {daŠV Aem h[a^ŠVmÀ`m Xe©ZmZ|, ñnem©Z|, nwÊ`bm^
hmoD$Z Ë`mÀ`m g§^mfUmZ| g§e`{Zd¥{Îm hmoVo, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|.
na§Vw d¡am½`, CËH$Q> h[aào_ d AmË_mZw^d ht A§Va§JmVrb bjU| Agë`m_wi| Vt
Xwgè`mg g_OU| H$R>rU åhUyZ Aem {dkmZamer ^ŠVm§Mr H$m§ht ~mø bjU| `m
ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
Vmo J{d©ð> AgV Zmht, Z_« AgVmo. Jd© åhUOo VmR>m, JdmªV
VwÀN>VoMm ^md AgVmo. gd©Ì AmË_Xe©Z AZw^{dUmam hm ^ŠV H$moUmet Jd©
H$aUma? åhUyZ Vmo ^yV_mÌt Z_« AgVmo.
VgmM Vmo drVamJr AgVmo. {d+B-OmU|. drV åhUOo Jobobm Amho, amJ
åhUOo {df`m§darb ào_ Á`mM|, Agm Vmo {daŠV AgVmo. Á`mbm {df`m§V ào_
dmQ>V Zmhr Vmo Ë`mÀ`m ZmXt H$embm bmJob? åhUyZ {Vgè`m MaUm§V Ë`mbm
bmo^ ZgVmo d {^H$mè`mgmaIm XrZ hmoD$Z Vmo {df`m§À`m _mJ| bmJV Zmht qH$dm
{df` Zgbo åhUOo Vmo AñdñW hmoV Zmht qH$dm ÌmgV Zmhr, Ag| åhQ>b| Amho.
Ë`mÀ`m gd© dmgZm§Mm j` Pmbobm AgVmo. AZÝ` H$[aVm§ _mP| ^OZŸ& _mÂ`m
ñdê$nt PJS>b| _Z Ÿ& gH$i dmgZm Joë`m {damoZ Ÿ& d¥{ÎmeyÝ` AdñWmŸ&&
(Zm. ^m. 14-162) hr d¥{ÎmeyÝ` AdñWm åhUOoM {ZanojVm. d¥{ÎmeyÝ` AdñWmŸ&
Vr Zmd OmU {ZanojVm Ÿ&& (14-166)
Vg|M Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt j_m Am{U em§{V ht bjU| AgVmV, Ag|
Xwgè`m MaUm§V åhUVmV. j_m åhUOo Xwgè`m§À`m AnamYm~Ôb Ë`mbm {ejm
H$aÊ`mM| gm_Ï`© A§JmV AgVm§{h Ë`mMo AnamY ghZ H$aU| qH$dm nmoQ>m§V KmbU|.
à{VH$ma H$aÊ`mMr e{ŠV Zgbobm Xw~im _Zwî` Xwgè`mMo AnamY ghZ H$[aVmo,
nU Vr j_m ZgyZ V| Xw~ionU hmo`. eŠVr AgyZ AnamY ghZ Pmbm åhUOo
AnamYr _Zwî` Amnë`m J¡adV©Zm~Ôb bmOVmo d nümÎmmn nmdVmo.
em§{V åhUOo H«$moY CËnÞ hmoÊ`mbm H$maU AgVm§{h amJmg Z `oU| Agm
Zoh_tMm AW© Amho. nU `oW| ""X`mXj `moJr'' ht nwT>rb bjU| bjm§V KoVm§ em§{V
`m eãXmMm kmZmo~m§Zr {Xbobm AW© J«mø dmQ>Vmo. V¡gr ko`m XoVm§ {_R>rŸ & kmV¥Ëdhr
nS>o nmoQ>tŸ & _J Cao V|{M {H$arQ>rŸ & em§{VM| ê$nŸ && (km. 16-140) AmË_ê$nt
EoŠ` nmdyZ Ë`m ñdê$nmMr OmUrd{h Z amhVm§ ghO ñdê$nt AgU|, `mbm em§{V
åhUVmV. Agm em§V nwéfM Ë`mÀ`m g§JVtV `oUmè`m Xwgè`m§Mm CÕma H$ê§$ eH$Vmo
d ^yVX`o{df`t Xj AgVmo.
nr{S>Vm§Mr H$s¨d `oD$Z Ë`mM| ajU H$aÊ`mMr Or BÀN>m Ë`mbm X`m
åhUVmV. AmËå`mÀ`m A{dH$mar ñdê$nmMr d Ë`mÀ`mda H$emMm{h AmKmV
hmoV Zmhr `mMr `m `mo½`mbm OmUrd Agë`m_wi| Vmo ñdV… Oar ghZerb d
j_md§V Agbm Var àm{U-_mÌm§À`m X`o~Ôb Vmo Xj AgVmo, H$maU gd©
Ord gwIm§V Zm§XmdoV Aer Ë`mMr gÛmgZm AgVo. AZoH$ Ordê$nmZ|
ZQ>boë`m na_mËå`mbm H$moUr XwIdy§ Z`o Ag| Ë`mbm dmQ>V|. åhUyZ em§V{MÎm
AgyZ{h nanrS>H$mbm Vmo {ejm XoVmo. `m Ñï>rZ| VwH$mo~m åhUVmV V| bjm§V
274 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 275

R>odÊ`mgmaI| Amho. nanrS>H$ Vmo Amåhm§ XmdoXmaŸ& {dœt {dœ§^a åhUD${ZŸ&&
X§Sy> Ë`mJy ~i| ZmdbmoHy§$ S>moim§Ÿ& amIy§ Vmo Mm§S>mi Eogm XwarŸ&& AZmMma H$m§ht
Z gmho AdJwUŸ& ~hþ hmo` _Z H$mgmdrgŸ&& (Jm. 3397)
Aem ~mø bjUmMm hm `moJr AgVmo. `moJr åhQ>b| H$s¨ g_m{Y bmdyZ
~gUmam Aï>m§J`moJr bJoM Ü`mZm§V `oVmo. na§Vw `moJr `m eãXmMm Aï>m§J`moJr
EdT>mM AW© ZgyZ {ZîH$m_ H$_©, ^{ŠV, kmZ d `moJ `m H$moUË`m{h Cnm`mZ| Omo
AmË_mam_mer OmoS>bm OmVmo qH$dm {MÎmmZ| AI§S> OS>bm OmVmo, Vmo `moJr hmo`.
AI§S> `moJ åhUmoZ `moJrŸ&& (17-1-23) Mm¡Ï`m MaUm§V gm§JVmV H$s¨ `m
bjUm§Zr `wŠV Agob Vmo `moJramUm g_Omdm. AmË_V¥á Pmë`m_wi| Á`mÀ`m
A§V…H$aUm§Vrb gd© {df`dmgZm Zï> Pmë`m AmhoV. Aem§À`m {R>H$mUtM YJYJrV
d¡am½` AgV| d Aem§ZmM gmoZ|, én| _¥{ÎmHo$g_mZ AgV|. `moJramUm qH$dm _hm`moJr
`mMr g_WmªMr ì`m»`m Aer Amho. àË``okmZr drVamJrŸ& {ddoH$~i| gH$i
Ë`mJrŸ& Vmo OmUrOo _hm§`moJrŸ& B©œar nwéfŸ&& (Xm. 12-7-18)
Yat ao _Zm g§JVr g‚mZmMr
OoU| d¥{Îm ho nmbQ>o XwO©ZmMr Ÿ&
~i| ^md gX²~w{Õ gÝ_mJ© bmJo Ÿ&
_hm Hy«$a Vmo H$mi {dH«$mi ^§Jo Ÿ&&135Ÿ&&
_mJrb 133 d 134 ûcmoH$m§V h[a^ŠV Aem `moJramÊ`mMt A§Va§JmVrb
d ~mø bjU| gm§{JVbt. Aem `m g‚mZ ^ŠVmÀ`m g§JVtV am{hë`mg H$m` àmá
hmoV|, V| `m ûcmoH$m§V _Zmbm gm§JVmV.
`m ûcmoH$m§Vrb nydm©YmªVrb {ddoMZ ""JVr H$maU| g§JVr g‚mZmMr'' `m
129 ì`m ûcmoH$m§V g{dñVa Ho$b| Amho. g‚mZ H$moUmbm åhUmd|, XwO©ZmMr Xw_©{V
åhUOo H$m` d Ë`m§V nmbQ> H$gm hmoVmo BË`m{X {ddoMZ Ë`m ûcmoH$m§V Amb|
Agë`m_wi| `oW| {Ûé{ŠV Z H$[aVm§ CÎmamYm©H$S>o diy§ `m. XwO©ZmMr Xw_©{V OmD$Z
gw_{V àmá hmoU| qH$dm XwO©ZmÀ`m d¥ÎmtV nmbQ> hmoU| åhUOo ~wÕtVrb AkmZ Xya
hmoD$Z Vr gkmZ hmoU| {H$dm Xoh~w{Õ OmD$Z AmË_~w{Õ {Z_m©U hmoU| hmo`. EdT>|
bjm§V R>odb| åhUOo CÎmamY© ñnï> hmoB©b.
g‚mZmÀ`m g§JVrnmgyZ d¥ÎmtV H$gm nmbQ> hmoV OmVmo h| CÎmamYmªV
gm§JVmV. ^md ~i| gX²~w{Õ gÝ_mJ© bmJo, Vmo _hmH«y$a {dH«$mi H$mi ^§Jo, Ago ho
gËg§Jm_wi| hmoUmao \$m`Xo AmhoV. ^md ~io- ^md åhUOo ào_ AWdm {dœmg.
gmYwg§JVtV {df`dmgZm hiyhiy H$_r hmoV OmVmV d B©œam~ÔbM| ào_ dmT>V
OmV|. dmgZm§M| ~rO OgOg| OiV OmB©b VgVg| ^JdÞm_m§V ào_ CËnÞ hmoV|.
Vg|M H$V}gdV} AmnUM Amhm| hm Omo XohAh§H$ma AgVmo Vmo Zmhtgm hmoD$Z H$Vm©-
H$a{dVm EH$ B©œaM Amho, Agm {dœmg dmT>V OmVmo d Ë`m_wi| B©eH¥$nm hmoVo.
`oHo$ ^mdZogmR>tŸ& Xodmgt nS>o VwQ>rŸ& H$m§ Vo hmo` H¥$nmÑï>rŸ& Xod H$Vm©
^m{dVm§Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-7-37) `mà_mU| ñdV…Mm Ah§H$ma H$_r hmoV OmD$Z gËg§Jm_wi|
Xodmdarb ào_ d {dœmg ho ~imdVmV.
gX²~w{Õ gÝ_mJ© bmJo - ào_ d {dœmgm~amo~aM hiyhiy àn§Mm~Ôb
drQ> `oD§$ bmJVmo, _ZmnmgyZ {df` gwQ>V OmD$Z B©œaàm{á h|M EH$ _mZdXohmM|
A§{V_ Ü`o` hmo`, Agm ~w{ÕMm ÑT> {Zü` hmoVmo. hr {Zü`mË_H$ ~w{Õ åhUOoM
gX²~w{Õ hmo`. Xwb©^ Oo gX²~w{ÕŸ& {O`o na_mË_{M Ad{KŸ&& (km. 2-241)
Aer hr Xwb©^ gX²~w{Õ gËg§JmZo àmá hmoVo. YZ, ñÌr, nwÌ, {_Ìm{XH$ `m BVam§Mm
g§J ~mYH$ hmoVmo, Vmo Hw$~w{Õ {Z_m©U H$[aVmo. V¡er Zìho gËg§J{VŸ& g§J| N>oXr
Amg{ŠVŸ& Xoeg§JmŸ& VoW CnXoe ZbJo H$m§htŸ& g§J|{M XohrH$ar {dXohrŸ& (Zm.
^m. 26-352-353) gX²~w{Õ àmá Pmbr H$s¨ _Zwî` {d{hV _mJm©Z|M dmJy§ bmJVmo.
H$maU gÝ_mJm©Z|M B©œa g§Vwï> hmoVmo `mMr gËg§Jm_wi|M Ë`mbm OmUrd `oVo.
Vmo _hmH«y$a {dH«$mi H$mi ^§Jo - VmnQ>, {ZX©`, ^`àX Ag| dmQ>Uma|
`_amOmM| ñdê$n{h gËg§JmZ| ^§J nmdV| åhUOo Zmhrgo hmoD$Z {Z^©`Vm àmá hmoV|.
H$mimM| ñdê$n VrZ àH$maM| Amho. EH$ JUZm H$mb åhUOo {Z{_f, niK{Q>, {XZ
BË`m{X. Xwgam Aj` H$mb åhUOo g¥{ï> AgonmdoVmo Zm§XUmam H$mb. {Vgam gd©
haU H$aUmam H$mb åhUOo Zme qH$dm _¥Ë`w. `m§Vrb n{hë`m XmoZ H$mbm§~Ôb
H$moUmbm ^r{V dmQ>V Zmht, nU {Vga| ñdê$n gJù`m OJmbm Km~a| H$[aV|.
g‚mZg§JVtV Amnë`m d H$mbmÀ`m Aem XmoKm§À`m{h ñdê$nmMm {ddoH$ hmoD$Z
{Zü`mË_H$ kmZ hmoV| d Ë`m_wi| {Z^©`Vm àmá hmoVo.
AmnU ñdV… AmË_ñdê$n Agë`m_wi| Amnbm Agm _m{Zbobm
n§M^yVmË_H$ Xoh, H$mb Zmhtgm H$[aVmo, Amnë`mda Ë`mMm H$m§ht n[aUm_
276 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 277

hmoV Zmht, Ag| ñdñdê$nmM| kmZ hmoV|. Vg|M H$mb åhUOo H$moUr EH$ ^`mZH$,
Hy«$a nwéf ZgyZ O| O| OwZ| OO©a V| V| Zmhtg| H$ê$Z Zdo nXmW© nwa{dUma| OJmbm
CnH$maH$ Ag| V| ^Jd§VmM| ñdê$n Amho, Ag| H$mbm~ÔbM|{h kmZ CnH$maH$ hmoV|.
Ah_odmj`… H$mbmoŸ&& _¥Ë`w… gd©haümh§Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 10-33,34) BË`m{X
^JdÛmŠ`m§Mm g‚mZghdmgm§V CbJS>m hmoVmo d Amnb| d H$mbmM| ñdê$n EH$M
`m AÛ¡V ~moYm_wi| {Z^©`Ëd àmá hmoV|. AmË_m EH$Ëd| A^oXŸ& H$mbZm_| Vmo{M
à{gÕŸ& Ord VX§eo {MXËd| ewÕŸ& Ë`mgr H$mim{X Û§Û ~mYrZmŸ&& (Zm. ^m.
23-875) `mà_mU| {ddoH$ CËnÞ hmoD$Z {dH«$mi `_mM| ñdê$n ^§J nmdV| d Ë`m
{R>H$mUt na_mË_-Xe©Z KS>V|. {ddoH$Ñï>r nmhVm§ OmUŸ& H$mi na_mË_m XmoÝhr
A{^ÞŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 24-485) åhUyZ ho _Zm, g‚mZg§J{V Ya.
^`| ì`m{nb| gd© ~«÷m§S> AmhoŸ &
^`mVrV V| g§V AmZ§V nmho Ÿ&
O`m nmhVm§ Û¡V H$mhr {XgoZm Ÿ&
^` _mZgt gd©Wm hr AgoZm Ÿ&&136Ÿ&&
g‚mZm§À`m g§JVtV d¥ÎmtV nmbQ> hmoD$Z gX²>~w{Õ àmá hmoVo,
gÝ_mJ© bmJVmo ^`àX Ag| `_mM| ê$nhr ^JdÐÿnM hmo` `mMr OmUrd
`oD$Z A^` àmá hmoV|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. gd© ~«÷m§S>
^`mZ| ì`m{nb| AgyZ EH$ ~«÷ qH$dm ~«÷ñdê$n Pmbobo kmZr g§V EdT>oM
{Z^©` AgVmV, Ag| gm§JyZ Ë`m {Z^©`VoM| H$maU{h `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
gd© ~«÷m§S>mH$S>o nm{hb| åhUOo OS> AJa MoVZ
H$moUVr{h dñVw Agmo, Ë`m§V {damoY {XgVmo. Ë`m_wi| gd©
~«÷m§S>M ^rVrZ| ì`má {XgV|. OS> Aem n§M_hm^yVm§V n¥Ïdrbm
nmUr ImV|, nmÊ`mbm A{¾ AmQ>{dVmo, A{¾bm dm`w {dP{dVmo
d dm`ybm AmH$me JS>n H$[aV|. g¥{ï>H$m`mªV hr Ot EH$Ì Zm§XV AmhoV
Vt na_oœamÀ`m ^rVrZ|M. OrdmOrdm§Vhr ñdm^m{dH$ {damoYm_wi| ^r{V
{XgVo. _w§Jyg-gmn, C§{Xa-_m§Oa, Jm`-dmK, BË`m{XH$m§V ñdm^m{dH$ {damoY
d ^r{V Amho. _mZdm§V Y{ZH$ Jar~mda, geŠV AeŠVmda, ~w{Õ_mZ²
{Z~w©Õmda gÎmm JmO{dVmo åhUyZM ~ir Vmo H$mZ {nir Ag|
åhQ>b| OmVo. ^moJm§Zm amoJmM| ^`, emñÌmbm dmXmM|, {dÎmmbm MmoamM|
qH$dm H$am§M|, ê$nmbm OaoM| Ag| {OH$S>o nhmd| {VH$S>o ^rVrM| dmVmdaU
{XgV|. EImXm eya nwéf àmUmMr{h ndm© Z H$aVm§ bT>Vmo nU hr
ì`mdhm[aH$ {Z^©`Vm AgyZ {VÀ`m_mJ| eÌw^r{V ho H$maU AmhoM. `oW|
OJm§V ñdm^m{dH$ ^` H$g| Zm§XV| `mMm nma_m{W©H$ Ñï>rZ| {dMma _m§S>bm
Amho, åhUyZ gd© ~«÷m§S> ^`| ì`m{nb| Amho, Ag| àW_ MaUm§V åhQ>b|
Amho. `mda ^`mVrV Aer H$moUVr{h dñVw Zmht H$m§? Agm ghOM
àíZ CËnÞ hmoVmo. Ë`mM| CÎma Xwgè`m MaUm§V XoVmV.
^`mVrV Vo AZ§V g§V nmho. OoW| ^` hm eãXM Zmht Ag| OJmV
{Z^©` H$moUr Agob Va V| EH$ ~«÷ d EH$ ~«÷{Zð> g§VM hmoV. g§V åhUOo
~«÷ Agm AW© KoD$Z d AmZ§V h| Ë`mM| {deofU KoD$Z H$moUr `m MaUmMm
~«÷na AW© bmdVmV. BVa H$moUt g§V åhUOo gmYw Agm AW© KoD$Z g§Vna
bmdVmV. na§Vw V| `m ZnwgH$qbJr àË``mMr VoW| AS>MU `oVo. åhUyZ Ho$di
~«÷na AJa Ho$di gmYwna Agm EH$m§Jr AW© bmdÊ`mnojm§ AZ§V hm eãX
~«÷dmMH$ KoD$Z AW© Ho$ë`mg AmoT>mVmU Z hmoVm§ A{^àoV AW© ñnï> hmoB©b
Ag| dmQ>V|. ^`mVrV V| AZ§V åhUOo ~«÷ d g§V åhUOo gmYw nmho. Og| ~«÷
h| ^`mVrV, VgmM ~«÷{Zð> g§V{h ^`mVrV hmo`. H$maU g§Vhr ~«÷ê$nM
Pmbobm AgVmo. g§VbjU gm§JVm§Zm g_W© åhUVmV, ""{Z{d©H$ënr
H$ënZmVrVŸ& Vmo{M dmoiImdm g§VŸ& `oa AdKo{M Ag§VŸ& ^«_ê$nŸ&&''
(Xm. 13-2-26)
~«÷ h| ^`mVrV Amho. H$maU V| EH$_odm{ÛVr`§ Ag| Amho. OoW|
EH$M dñVw AgyZ VX²ì`{V[aŠV AÝ` dñVyM Zmhr VoW| ^r{V H$moUmMr
dmQ>mdr? gd© H$mbr gd© {R>H$mUr d gdm©Ë_m Agë`m_wi| V| H$mb, Xoe d
dñVw BË`m{XH$m§Zr _`m©{XV Zmhr åhUyZ AZ§V Amho. O| AO, {ZË`, emœV,
nwamU Ag| EH$M EH$ Amho. Ë`mbm ^r{V H$emMr AgUma? gmYy{h VÐynM
Pmbobm AgVmo åhUyZ Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt Û¡V ZgV|.
^r{V Amho Vr Û¡Vm§V Amho. ^`§ {ÛVr`m{^{ZdoeV…ñ`mV² dmñV{dH$
gd© {R>H$mUt A{Yð>mê$nmZ| AgUmam AmË_m EH$M Amho. Vmo CnmYrdoJim
Amho. nU Ë`mÀ`m Zm_ê$nmË_H$ {^Þ {^Þ CnmYter AkmZmZ| ~w{ÕM|
VmXmËå` Pmë`m_wi| ^oX ^mgVmo. KQ>-_R>mÀ`m CnmYr_wi| EH$M AI§S>
AmH$me {^Þ {^Þ Zm_ê$nmZ| ^mgb| Var V| EH$M AgV| d KQ>_R>m§nmgyZ
A{bá AgV|; Vg|M `oW| Amho. CnmYr`moJ| dmQ>o {^Þ Ÿ& nar V| AmH$me
278 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 279

A{^ÞŸ& V¡gm AmË_m ñdmZ§XKZŸ& `oH${M AgoŸ&& (Xm.8-7-53) CnmYra{hV
{Z_©i AmË_ê$n V|M ~«÷ d V|M Amnb| ñdê$n hmo`, Ag| AmË_mZmË_{ddoH$mZ|
Omon`ªV H$iV Zmht Vmon`ªV ìX¡V~w{ÜX amhVo d Omon`ªV ìX¡V~wÜXr Amho
Vmon`ªV ^r{V AmhoM. O§d Ago ìX¡VdmVm©Ÿ& Vd§ ^`mMr ~mYH$VmŸ&
A^oXËd Amë`m hmVmŸ& {Z^©`Vm gmYH$mŸ&& (Zm.^m. 18-136)
Ÿ gmYyÀ`m {R>H$mUt {ddoH$`wº$ d¡am½` AgV|. åhUyZ Vmo {Z^©` AgVmo.
gd©§ dñVw ^`mpÝdV ^w{d Z¥Um§ d¡am½`_odm^`_² Ag| d¡am½`eQ>H$m§V åhQ>b| Amho.
gV²-AgV²Mm {dMma hmoD$Z Á`mbm AmË_mZw^d àmá Pmbm Amho Ë`mbm dmgZm§Mm
Ë`mJ H$amdm bmJV Zmhr§. Vmo AmnmoAmn hmoVmo d XohdmgZm{h gwQ>Vo ho§M d¡am½`mM|
Ia| ñdê$n hmo`. Agm {daº$ nwê$f VmoM ~«÷{Zð> `moJr hmo`. {ddoH|$ A§Vat gwQ>bmŸ&
{dam½`| àn§M VwQ>bmŸ& A§V~m©ø _moH$im PmbmŸ& {Z:g§J `moJrŸ&& (Xm. 12-4-
12) ñdV:M| ñdê$n AÀN>oÚ AXmø, AŠboÚ, AemoÀ`, {ZË`, gd©JV d pñWa
Amho Aer OmUrd Á`mbm Pmbr Vmo H$moUmMr H$emgmR>t ^r{V ~miJob? gmYw
dñVw AìX`oŸ& VoW| H¡$Mo dmQ>ob ^`oŸ& na~«÷ V| {Z^©`oŸ& Vo{M gmYwŸ&& `m H$maUo§
^`mVrVŸ& gmYw {Z^©` {Zdm§VŸ& gH$bmg _m§S>ob A§VŸ& gmYw AZ§Vê$nrŸ&&
(Xm.8-9-39,40) `oW| gm_mÝ`V: CnmgZmH$m§S> g§nV| d nwT>rb ûcmoH$mnmgyZ
kmZH$m§S>mg gwê$dmV hmoVo.
{Odm§ loð> Vo ñnï> gm§Jmo{Z JoboŸ&
nar Ord AkmZ V¡go{M R>oboŸ&
Xoho~wpÜXM| H$_© ImoQ>| Q>ioZmŸ&
OwZ| R>odU| _rnU| AmH$ioZmŸ&&137Ÿ&&
gd© OJ ^rVrZ| J«mgbobo AgyZ ^`mVrV Ag| H$moU Agob Va V|
EH$ ~÷ d V| AZw^{dUmao ~«÷{Zð> g§V hmoV, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$§mV gm§{JVbo. Ë`m
~«÷{Zð> nwéfm§Mr `mo½`Vm {H$Vr Amho d _mZdH$ë`mUmgmR>t Ë`§mMr Ho$dT>r Vi_i
Amho `mM| dU©Z `m ûcmoH$§mV H$[aVmV. ""OwZ| R>odU| _rnU| AmH$ioZm"" `m nmM
íbmoH$m§À`m JQ>mg `m íbmoH$mnmgyZ àma§^ hmoV AgyZ `oWyZ kmZH$m§S> gwê$ hmoV|.
d{gð>, `mkdëŠ`, {nßnbmXm{X F${f_wZtnmgyZ Vm| AmYw{ZH$ g§Vmn`ªV AZoH$
_hmËå`m§Zr AkmZr _mZdm§Mm CÜXma ìhmdm åhUyZ ñnîQ> eãX§mV AmË_kmZmMm
CnXoe Ho$bm. `m{R>H$mUr loð> hm eãX \$ma _m{_©H$nU| `mo{Obobm Amho. gdm©V
looð>, ^`mVrV gdm©Yma Ag| EH$ ~«÷M hmo`. nU V| {Z{îH«$` {ZeãX Ago§ Amho.
g§V g‚mZm§À`m_wio Ordmbm AZw^dmbm `oV|. O| Ì¡bmoŠ`mhÿZ doJio§Ÿ& Oo doXlwVrgr
ZmH$ioŸ& V|{M O`m§Mo{Z dmoioŸ& na~«÷ A§VatŸ&& (Xm. 1-5-25) Agm `m
~«÷{Zð>m§Mm _{h_m Agë`m_wi| Ë`mZm§ loð> Ag| åhQ>b|.
Aem `m loð>§mZr§ _mZdmbm ñnï> Ag| H$m` gm§{JVb|? Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVb|
H$s¨ "A`_mË_m ~«÷'&& "VÎd_{g'Ÿ&& AmË_m hmM ~«÷ Amho Am{U ho Ordm!
V| ~«÷M Vy Amhog. ho gVV Ü`mZm§V amhmd| d Ë`mM| qMVZ Agmd|, åhUyZ
"Ah_mË_m ho H$YrMrŸ& {dgamo Z`oŸ&&' (Xm.5-10-38) Ago g_W© gm§JVmV.
lr n. n. dmgwXodmZ§X gañdVr Ë`mÀ`mhr nwT>| OmD$Z Amnë`m ~«÷qMVZmV
gm§JVmV H$s¨- ~m~m§Zmo, h| qMVZ{h Vw_À`mH$Sy>Z hmoV Zgob Va {ZXmZ Vm|S>mZo
Var Vg| åhUV amhm, Vg| KmoH$V amhm. ^¥§JH$sQ>H$ Ý`m`mZ| Vgo§ KmoH$ë`mZohr
Vw_Mo H$ë`mU hmoB©b. _r ~«÷{M Z g§gmarŸ& _r _wº$ h| {M§{VOo A§VarŸ& h|
{M§VZ Z KS>o Var& dmŠ` CÀÀmmar h| {ZË`& `m Aä`mgmZ| ^«_aH$sQ>dV²Ÿ&
~«÷^md hmo` {Z{üVŸ& g§e` gmoSy{Z gVVŸ& H$amdm {Z{üV Aä`mg hm&&
`mnojm§ gmYy§Zr§ _mZdmÀ`m H$ë`mUmW© {H$Vt H$iH$imd|?
na§Vw loð> {H$Vr{h H$mZtH$nmir AmoaS>bo Var OrdmM| AkmZ
AmO{_Vrbm Ogo§À`m Vg| H$m`_ Amho. H$moUr{h g‚mZm§À`m CnXoemH$S>o bj
XoÊ`mg V`ma Zmht. {hVmonXoe AgyZhr {VH$S>o H$moUr bj H$m§ XoV Zmhr
`mMo H$maU {Vgè`m MaUm§V gm§JVmV.
OrdmZo Xoh åhUOoM _r hr ~w{ÜX Camet KÅ> ~m§YyZ R>odbr Amho.
Vr gmoS>Ê`mg Vmo V`ma Zmhr. hr Xoh~wpÜX BVH$r KmVwH$ Amho H$s¨ Vr gw{dMma
Zï> H$ê$Z Q>mH$Vo. Vr ñdV: Amnë`m {hVm{hVmMm {dMma H$[aV Zmht d
Xwgè`m H$moUr Vmo gm§{JVbm Var {VH$S>o Xwb©j H$[aVo. AmR>dVm§ Xoh~wpÜXŸ&
CS>o {ddoH$mMr ewÜXrŸ& (Xm. 5-10-37) `m_wi§o AkmZ Ogo§À`m Vg§oM
H$m`_ amhmV| d Aj¡ OdiM Agbobm AmË_R>odm AZw^dmbm `oV Zmhr.
OwZ| R>odU| åhUOo emídV, nwamU, gdmª-dS>rb Ag| AmË_ñdê$n, g_W©
280 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 281

åhUVmV :- Aj¡ R>odm gH$im§MmŸ& nar nm§JS>m {\$Q>oZm earamMmŸ& VoU|
_mJ© B©œamMmŸ& MwH$mo{Z OmVrŸ&& (Xm.5-2-39) nm§JS>m åhUOo A{^_mZ.
`mà_mU| Ordmbm _mohm§V nmS>Ê`mM| Xoh~wÜXrM| O| ImoQ| H$_© V| Q>iV Zmhr.§
åhUOo Ordm_mJMo gwQ>V Zmhr.
hr Xoh~wpÜX BVH$s KmVH$ AgVmZm d AmË_~wpÜX gwIê$n AgVmZm
Ord `m Xoh~wpÜXbmM BVH$m {MQ>Hy$Z H$m amhVmo? `mM| H$maU Ag| Amho H$s¨ {Xgm`bm
_mohH$ nU n[aUm_t KmVH$ Aem {df`dmgZm XohmÀ`m AmYmamZ| nwè`m hmoVmV,
åhUyZ {df`^moJm§Zm MQ>mdbobm Ord Xoh~wÜXr ÑT> Yê$Z R>o{dVmo. Oo àm{U`m§
H$m_t ^aŸ& Xohm{Mdar AmXê$Ÿ& åhUmo{Z n{S>bm {dgê$Ÿ& AmË_~moYmMmŸ&&
(km.4-20) {df`dmgZo_wi| Xoh, Xohm_wi| Xohm{^_mZ d ^moJ d ^moJm§V aU_mU
Pmë`m_wio ñdê$n{dñ_¥{V åhUOoM AkmZ Ag| h| KmVH$ MH«$ Amho. `mgmR>t
{df`d¡am½` nm{hOo. Om|da d¡am½` Zmhr§, Vm|da {ddoH$ Zmht, {ddoH$ Zmhr Vmoda
AkmZ Xya hmoV Zmhr. AkmZ Agon`ªV Xoh~wpÜX OmV Zmht, Xoh~wpÜX Agon`ªV
_rnU gwQ>V Zmht d _rnUm Agon`ªV OwZ| R>odU| gm§nS>V Zmht d AkmZ Vg|M
amhV|. V¡go d¡am½`mMr {ed Z XoIVrŸ& Oo {ddoH$mMr ^mf ZoUVrŸ& Vo _yI© Ho$dt
nmdVrŸ& _O B©œamV|Ÿ&& (km.4-25)
^«_| ZmS>io drV V| Jwá Omb|Ÿ&
Ordm OÝ_Xm{aÐç R>mHy${Z Amb|Ÿ&
Xoh~wpÜXMm {ZíM`mo Á`m Q>ioZmŸ&
OwZ| R>odU| _rnU| AmH$ioZmŸ&&138Ÿ&&
OrdmÀ`m H$ë`mUmW© g‚mZm§Zr _hmdmŠ`mMm ñnï> CnXoe Ho$bm. nU
XohAb§H$mam_wi| OrdmM| AkmZ Vgo§M H$m`_ am{hb|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVb|. loð>m§À`m CnXoemH$S>o OrdmZ| bj {Xb| Zgob. nU Ord hm Oa ~«÷ê$nM
Amho Va Ë`mM| Ë`mbmM Amnbooo§ ñdê$n H$m§ H$iy§ Z`o? amOmÀ`m _wbmg Vy§ amOnwÌ
Amhog h| H$m` gm§Jmd| bmJV|? J^©lr_§Vr AgV§mZm Ord hm OÝ_X{aÐr H$m§ amhmdm?
`mM| H$maU hr AkmZOÝ` Xoh~wpÜXM hmo`, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
drV åhUOo {dÎm. `oW| {dÎm åhUOo AmË_m»` YZ, ñdê$n. Amnë`m
d§eOm§Zt Xm[aX«çm§V OrdZ H§$Ry>§ Z`o åhUyZ EImÚm nyd©OmZ| X«ì`mMo h§S>o Kat
O{_ZtV nwê$Z R>odmdoV. nU XwX¡dmZo Ë`m Jwá Ðì`mMr _m{hVr Zgë`m_wi| Ë`mÀ`m
d§eOm§Zt AkmZm_wi| Ë`m Jwá YZmdaM Xm[aÐçm§V Zm§Xmdo. `m CXmhaUmà_mU| OrdmM|
na_ H$ë`mU ìhmd| åhUyZ loð>m§Zt ñnï> eãXm§V J«Wm§V gm§JyZ R>odbo Amho. nU
XwX£dr Xoh~wpÜX_wi| Jwø öX`ñW YZmH$S>o OrdmM| bj OmV Zmht d Vmo OÝ__aUna§naoM|
Xm[aÐç ^moJrV amhVmo. ZmVar {ZX¡dmMm n[adar§Ÿ& bmoøm éV{b`m Amhm{V
ghòdatŸ& nar VoW ~¡gmo{Z Cndmgw H$arŸ& H$m§ X[aÐ| {O`o&& (km. 9-59)
ñdV: Ordmbm AmnU ~«÷ê$n Agë`mMr OmUrd J^mªV Oar Agbr
Var Vmo ~mhoa Ambm ao Ambm H$s¨ Amnb| ñdê$n {dgaVmo d _r H$moU `m ^«_m§V
nS>Vmo. eodQ>t {XgUmam XohM _r Aer ÑT> ~wpÜX Yê$Z amhVmo. J^u§ åhUo gmo@h§
gmo@h§Ÿ& ~mhoar nS>Vm§ åhUo H$mo@h§Ÿ&& (Xm. 3-1-47) dmñV{dH$ Zgbob|
OÝ__aUna§naoMo ho Xm[aÐç OrdmÀ`m Kam§V åhUOo A§V:H$aUm§V ~mob{dë`mgmaIo
O| Amb| Ë`mbm H$maU H$moUV| Agob Va AkmZm_wio§ CËnÞ Pmbobm ""_r Xohr'' hm
^«_ h| hmo`. S>moiçmg EH$ AgVm§ O| ^bV| {XgV|, H$mZmbm EH$ AgVm§ O| ^bV|M
EoHy§$ `oV| Am{U _Zmbm EH$ AgVm§ O|§ ^bV| ^mgV| Vmo ^«_ hmo`. `oH$ AñVm§ `oH$
dmQ>oŸ& `oH$ gm§JVm§ `oH$ {ZdQ>oŸ& `oH$ {XgVm§ `oH$ CR>oŸ& `m Zm§d ^«_Ÿ&& (Xm. 10-
6-23) hm ^«_ dñVyM| `WmW© AmH$bZ Z Pmë`m_wi| åhUOo AkmZmZ| hmoVmo. CX§S
^«_ {dñVmabmŸ& AkmZOZt n¡gmdbmŸ&& (Xm.10-6-35)
Xoh VmoM _r hm Omo ^«_ OrdmZ| Amnë`m Camer KÅ> ~miJwZ R>o{dbm Amho
Vmo Omon`ªV Xya hmoV Zmht Vmon`ªV Amnë`m _yi ñdê$nmMm gmjmËH$ma hmoV Zmht.
åhUOo OwÝ`m R>odUrM| AmH$bZ hmoV Zmht d Ë`m_wio§ _mJ| bmJbob| OÝ__aU Q>iV
Zmhr. Xoh _r dmQ>o Á`m ZamŸ& Vmo OmUmdm AmË_hË`mamŸ& Xohm{^_mZ| `oaPmamŸ&
^mo{Jë`mM ^moJrŸ&& (Xm.5-6-55)
dmñV{dH$ Ord hm _yiMm {edñdê$n. nU ^«_mZ| Xoh~wÜXt_wi|
Amnb| nyU©Ëd {dgabm d OÝ_moOÝ_t gwImMr {^jm _mJrV {\$ê$ bmJbm.
ñdßZmV ñdV:Mo amOonU {dgê$Z EImÚm amOmZo ñdV:bm {^H$mar g_OyZ
Á`mà_mU| {^jm _mJmdr Aer `m OrdmMr AdñWm Amho. AmnU{M amOm
AmhoŸ& h| Ë`mM| Ë`mg R>mCHo$ ZìhoŸ& V¡g|M Ordmghr hmo`oŸ& nyU©Ëd ñd`|
ñ_aoZmŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 12-283) dmñV{dH$ OS>mbm gOrd H$aUmam Vmo Ord
eãXmMm AW© Amho. OS> earamg Vmo {Od§V R>odVmo `mdê$ZM earamhÿZ Vmo
282 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 283

doJim Amho d M¡VÝ`ñdê$n Amho h| ñnï> hmoV|. O¡gm Ord OS>mV| Ord{dVmŸ&
`mbmJt Ordy Eoer dmVm©Ÿ& ghO| Var ñd^mdVm§Ÿ& M¡VÝ` ê$nVm OrdmMrŸ&&
(Zm. ^m. 12-289) Omo {Xdm KQ>§mV R>o{dbm åhUOo KQ>mbm àH$m[eV H$[aVmo Vmo
{Xdm KQ> ~mOybm gmê$Z R>o{dbm Va gd© Ka àH$m{eV H$aUma Zmht H$m? Ë`mà_mUo§
earañW M¡VÝ` eara ~mOybm Pmb| Va {dœ ì`mnUma Zmhr H$m? Vodt earam_mOt
Var OrdyŸ& ghO| Var gXm{edyŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 12-291)
na§Vw AkmZOÝ` ^«_mZ| Xohmet VmXmËå` Pmë`m_wi| _r åhUOo Xoh Aer
OrdmMr g§Hw${MV d¥{Îm hmoVo. øm ^«_mbmM AÜ`mg Ag| åhUVmV. _r `m Ah§H$mam§V
XmoZ Y_© AmhoV.EH$ ~w{ÕY_© d Xwgam AmË_Y_©. ~w{ÕY_m§©V OS>Ëd d A{ZË`Ëd
Amho. ~wÕr hr ñd`§àH$m{eV Zgë`m_wi| OS> Amho d gwfwßVtV brZ hmoV Agë`m_wi|
Vr A{ZË` Amho. AmË_Y_m©À`m {R>H$mUt kmZVËd {ZË`Ëd Amho. AmË_m hm OmUrd
qH$dm kmZñdê$n Amho. OmJ¥{V, ñdßZ d gwfw{ßV `m VrZ{h AdñWm§Mm Vmo gmjr
Agë`m_wi| {ZË` Amho. A{¾ d bmoI§S>mMm Jmoim `m§Mo gm{ÞÜ` Ambo åhUOo
A¾rMo JwUY_© bmoI§S>mda d bmoI§S>mMo JwUY_© A¾rda bmXbo OmVmV. AmH$ma
Zgbobm A{¾ dmQ>moim {XgVmo d Jma H$mi| bmoI§S>o VßV Vm§~S>| {XgV|. Vgo§M `m
{R>H$mUt ~wÕrMo JwUY_© AmËå`mda d AmËå`mMo JwUY_© ~wÕrda bmXbo OmVmV. d
Ë`m_wio§ Xoh åhUOoM _r, Agm Ab§H$ma CËnÞ hmoVmo. hr Xoh~w{Õ kmZmZo Omon`ªV
Xya hmoV Zmht Vmon`ªV ñdñdê$n AZw^dmbm `oV Zmht d OÝ_Xm[aX«ç gwQ>V Zmht.
^JdmZ² åhUVmV, V¡gt Ah§__Vo{M`oŸ bdS>gdS>rŸ& _mV| Z ndVr§{M ~mnwS>tŸ&
åhUmo{Z OÝ__aUm{M`o XwWS>tŸ& S>hþ{iV| R>obtŸ&& (km. 9-62)
nwT>| nmhVm§ gd©hr H$m|Xb|goŸ&
A^m½`mg h| Ñí` nmfmU ^mgoŸ&
A^md| H$Xm nwÊ` Jm§R>t nS>oZmŸ&
OwZo§ R>odU| _rnU| AmH$ioZmŸ&&139Ÿ&&
OwZr JwßV R>od ^y{_JV Agë`m_wi| d {VM| kmZ Zgë`m_wi| Vr
Oer g_OyZ `oV Zmht. Vgo öX`ñW Agbobo JwßV AmË_ñdê$n Xoh~wÕr_wi|
AZw^dmbm `oV Zmht, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$§mV gm§{JVb|. nU h| AmË_YZ Ho$di
JwßV EH$Xoer Ag| ZgyZ Am§V-~mhoa, da-Imbr§, Xya-Odi, gd© {R>H$mUt
ì`mnH$ Amho, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV. ~{hÝVü ^yVmZm_Ma§ Ma_od MŸ&&
(^. Jr. 13-15)
Vwåhr H$moR>|{h nmhm h| AmË_YZ Vw_À`m g_moaM Amho. H$moUË`m{h {Xeobm
Vm|S> {\$adm, V| nwT>| AmhoM. V| Yê$ OmVm§ Y[aVm§ `oV Zmht, Q>mHy§$ OmVm§ Q>mH$Vm§ `oV
Zmht. _Zwî` H$moR>o{h niyZ Jobm Var VoW| g^modma AmH$me h| AgUmaM, Vgo§
na~«÷{dZm {aH$m_| ñWmZM Zmht. _Zwî`mnwT>|, _mJo, da, Imbr V| AmhoM. {OH$S>o
{VH$S>o OoW| VoW|Ÿ& {dÝ_wI hmoVm§ gÝ_wI hmoV|Ÿ& gÝ_wInU MwHo$Zm V|Ÿ& H$mht
Ho$ë`m§Ÿ&& (Xm. 20-10-2) Ag| h| gd©Ì H$m|Xb|g| åhUOo KZXmQ> ^abob| Amho.
AmÜ`mpË_H$ {dMmaÑï>rZ| nm{hë`mg V| H$m|Xb|g| Amho. nU ñWyb _m{`H$ Ñï>rZo
nm{hë`mg Zm_ê$n VodT>|M {XgV|.
g^m|dma Ag| Vo§M ~«÷M¡VÝ` AgVmZm A^mJr Ordmbm {OH$S>o {VH$S>o
gd© Ñí` OS> nmfmUê$nmZ| ^mgV|. A^mJr åhUOo ñWyb Ñï>rMm, ~«÷Ñï>rZ| OJmH$S>o
Z nmhUmam, AkmZr, na_mWu Vmo amÁ`YmarŸ& na_mW© Zmht Vmo {^H$marŸ&& (Xm.
1-9-23) ^º$, `moJr, kmZr `m§À`m ÑîQ>rMm {dH$mg OJ h| ~«÷ê$nmZ| nmhÊ`m§VM
Amho - Eogo{Z (Va§J gmJamà_mUo) ~m g_ag|Ÿ& Ñï>r O¡§` CëhmgoŸ& Vo ^{º$ n¢
Eog|Ÿ& Amåhr åhUm|Ÿ&& Am{U kmZmM| Mm§Jmd|Ÿ& B`o{M Ñï>r Zm§doŸ& `moJmM|hr AmKd|Ÿ&
gd©ñd h|Ÿ&& (km. 14-387-388) OJm§Vrb àË`oH$ nXmW© nm§M JwUm§Zr ZQ>bobm
Amho. Zm_, ê$n, ApñV, ^m{V Am{U àr{V. Zm_ d ê$n ho _m`oMo JwU AgyZ
A{ZË` AmhoV. Am{U A{ñV, ^m{V d àr{V ho ~«÷mMo JwU AgyZ {ZË` AmhoV.
órMr Ñ[ï> _mohmZo§ A{ZË` Xm{JÝ`mda {IiyZ amhVo, nU gam\$mMr Ñ{ï> {ZË`
Aem gmoÝ`mda pñWa AgVo. Vg|M `oW| Amho. AkmZr OrdmMr Ñ{ï> nXmWm©À`m
Zm_ê$nmbm {MH$Qy>Z amhVo Am{U kmÝ`mMr Ñ{ï> {ZË` Aem AmYma^yV ~«÷VËdmda
pñWa AgVo. A^º$mbm _y{V© nmfmUê$n ^mgVo, Va ^º$mbm Vr M¡VÝ`mMr AmoVrd
_y{V© dmQ>Vo. `m ^mdmZ| ""A^m½`mg h| Ñí` nmfmU ^mgo'' Ag| åhQ>b| Amho. `m
kmZ d AkmZ Ñï>tVrb \$aH$ kmZmo~mÀ`m XmoZ Amoì`m§dê$Z Mm§Jbm Ü`mZm§V `oB©b.
ZwH${bVm§ nQw>Ÿ& V§Vy{M Ago ñnïw>Ÿ& Z {da{dVm§ KQw>Ÿ& _¥{ÎmH$m OodtŸ&&
åhUmo{Z {dœnU Omd|Ÿ& _J _mV| Ko`md|Ÿ& V¡gm Zìho AmKd|Ÿ& gH$Q>Mr _rŸ&&
(km.14-379-380)
A^mJr _mZdmbm hr kmZÑ{ï> H$m§ `oV Zmht `mM| H$maU {Vgè`m
284 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 285

MaUm§V gm§JVmV. A^md åhUOo AlÕm, A{dœmg. emó| qH$dm loð> nwê$f O|
H$mht gm§JVmV Ë`mda `m XwX£dr _mZdmMm {dœmg AgV Zmhr åhUyZ Ë`mMo§ A§V:H$aU
gÎdJwUg§nÞ hmoU| h|M nwÊ` hmo`. gmpÎdH$ A§V:H$aU Agb| åhUOo ewÕ qH$dm
C{MV H$_© KS>V|. Bï> H$_mªZo nwÊ` nXat nS>V|, kmZ ê$OV| d `mo½` H$mbt nwÊ`àX
Ag| AmË_ñdê$n AZw^dmbm `oV|. Omo AkmZmMm godQŸ& Omo nwÊ`mM| _yi nrR>Ÿ&
Á`mMo{Z gm§nS>o dmQ>Ÿ& nabmoH$mMrŸ&& (Xm. 2-7-7) Eogm hm gÎdJwUŸ& _Zwî`
hm àn§Mm§V AZoH$ Jmoï>r lÜXmnyd©H$ H$aVmo. nmD$g nS>ob `m lÕoZ| Vmo noaVmo, nmoQ>
^aob `m {dœmgmZ| {eH$Vmo. gwI hmoB©b åhUyZ {ddmh H$aVmo. åhmVmanUr§ {dMmaVrb
åhUyZ nmoa| nmogVmo; nU na_mWmªV _mÌ OoW| Ë`mbm lÜXm Am§Yir dmQ>Vo. dmñV{dH$
_Zwî`mÀ`m [R>H$mUt JwUmZwgma ñdm^m{dH$ qH$dm A§J^yV Agbobr lÕm hr S>moigM
AgVo. Am§Yi| AgV| V| àmn§{MH$ ào_ hmo`, H$maU V| ^«_mZ| ZgVr Amem CËnÞ
H$[aV|. åhUyZ ñdm^m{dH$ Agbobr lÕm gmpÎdH$ ~Z{dU| `m§VM _mZdr à`ËZm§Mr
gmW©H$Vm Amho. Zm_ê$nmË_H$ OJ h| MmbyM amhUma. V| H$moUr Zï> H$ê$ eH$V
Zmht. AmË_kmZmgmR>t V| {ddoH$mZ| ~m{YV H$amd| bmJV| d hm {ddoH$ AmË_dmŠ`mda
{dûdmg Agob VaM CËnÞ hmoVmo. na§Vw doX, g§V, Jwé BË`m{XH$m§À`m eãXm§da
{dœmg Zgë`mg AkmZ Vg|M amhV|. AkmZm_wi| A§V:H$aU ewÜX ZgV|. ewÜX
Zgë`m_wi| kmZ ê$OV Zmht, kmZ Zgë`m_wio gdmªMm Aml` Ag| O| ~«÷ V|M
Amnb| ñdê$n Amho `mMr OmUrd hmoV Zmht d nwÊ` nXar nS>V Zmht. åhUOo OwZ|
R>odU| ~wÕrbm JdgV Zmht. `mgmR>t AlÕ _mUgmbm g_WmªZt A^mJr åhQ>b|
Amho. O| gd©Ì gd©hr XohtŸ& O`m H$[aVm§hr KmVw ZmhtŸ& V| {dœmË_H$ Vy§ nmhrŸ&
M¡VÝ` EH$Ÿ&& (km. 2-177) Ag| ñdV: ^JdmZ åhUVmV - ^JdV²dmUrdahr
{dœmg Z R>odUmam _mZd A^mJr Zìho H$m?
O`mM| V`m MyH$b| àmá Zmht ŸŸ&
JwU| Jmo{db| Omhb| Xw:I Xoht Ÿ&
JwUmdoJir d¥{Îm Vohr dioZm Ÿ&
OwZo§ R>odU| _rnU| AmH$ioZm Ÿ&&140Ÿ&&
gd©Ì EH$ na~«÷M KZXmQ> Ag| ^ab| Amho d V§oM Amnb| ê$n Amho. nU
AlÕoZ| AkmZZme H$aUma| d nwÊ`mM| _yi Ag| gmpÎdH$ A§V:H$aU Zgë`mZ|
Amnb§oM AmË_YZ Amnë`m AZw^dmbm `oV Zmht, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$§mV gm§{JVbo§.
h| AmË_YZ gm§nS>Ê`mgmR>t Ho$di gmpÎdH$ A§V:H$aU AgyZ MmbV Zmht Ë`mgmR>t
Xoh~w{Õ gwQy>Z JwUmVrV ìhmd| bmJV| Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
_mJrb ûcmoH$§mV gm§{JVë`mà_mU| A§V~m©ø gd© {R>H$mUt AmË_ñdê$n
^ab| AgVm§{h d V|M Amnb| AgyZ{h V| AZw^dmbm Va `oV Zmhr§M, nU CbQ>
Ord Xw:Im§VM nmoiV amhVmo. Ag| H$m§ ìhmd|? `mM| CÎma Ago Amho H$s¨, JwUmVrV
Agbob| Amnbo§ gwIñdê$n ^«_mZ| {dgê$Z Ord JwUm§VM AS>Hy$Z amhVmo, åhUyZ
Vmo Xw:Ir hmoVmo. ñdV:Odi H$ñVwar AgVmZm _¥JmZo§ Ë`mgmR>r Ym§nm Q>mH$sV amZmo_mi
^Q>H$V {\$amd|, Aer OrdmMr pñW{V hmoVo. _¥J_X Zm^r{g AgVm ZoUw{Z,
^«_Vm§ ^«_Vm§ _obo aoŸ&&
àH¥$VrnmgyZ CËnÞ hmoUmao gÎd, aO, V_, ho {ÌJwU Xohmbm d Xoh~wÕrbm
H$maU AgyZ hoM A{dZmer Aem AmËå`mbm Xohm§V ~Õ H$[aVmV. gÎd§ aOñV_
B{V JwUm: àH¥${Vg§^dmŸ& {Z~ÜZpÝV _hm~mhmo Xoho Xo{hZ_ì``_²Ÿ&& (^. Jr.
14-5) VrZ JwUm§V gÎd JwU hm AkmZ Xya H$aUmam, nwÊ`mM| _yi, CÞ{VH$maH$
Agbm Var Vmo àH¥${VJwUM Amho. gwar hr gmoÝ`mMr Agbr Var Vr gwarM. H$mnU|
hmM {VMm Y_©. Vgo§ gÎdJwU hm Mm§Jbm Agbm Var d CnH$maH$ Agbm Var
~§YmMm JwUY_© Ë`m§V AmhoM. gÎdJwU hm gwImÀ`m d kmZmÀ`m g§JVrZo åhUOo
_r gwIr, _r kmZr `m Ah§H$mamZ| Ordmbm ~Õ H$aVmo. aOmoJwUm§V gwIXw:I{_{lV
àd¥{Îm AgVo d V_moJwUm§_wi| AkmZ dmTy>Z _moh CËnÞ hmoVmo. AmË_YZ h| àH¥$VrÀ`m
àm§Vm~mhoa Agë`m_wi| àH¥$VrMo VrZ JwU Amobm§Sy>Z {ÌJwUmVrV ìhmd| bmJV|. VrZ
JwUm§nbrH$S>o Joë`m{edm` Xw:I g§nV Zgë`m_wi| {Zò¡JwÊ`mo ^dmOw©Z Agm
AOw©Zmbm ^Jd§VmMm CnXoe Amho.
{Z_©i, {Z{d©H$ma, ~§YZa{hV Ag| {dœmM| _yi Agbob| AmË_ñdê$n `m
JwUm§À`m_wio§ XohmEdT>| ~ZV|. Aì``Ëdm§V ì``Ëd `oVo. V¡g| h| gm§V:H$aUŸ & Xoh{M
hmoVr {ÌJwU Ÿ& åhUmo{Z ~§Ym H$maU Ÿ& KS>o H$saŸ && (km. 14-283)
d¥{Îm (~w{Õì`mnma) hr {ÌJwU H$er ~ZVo d AkmZ^«m§{V_wio§ ho VrZ
286 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 287

JwU Ordmbm ~Õ H$g| H$[aVmV `mM| dU©Z kmZmo~m§Zt \$ma gw§Xa Ho$b| Amho. _Zwî`
àW_ gmdY AgVmo. nwT>| hiyhiy Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt Amig ~imdV OmVmo.
~imdboë`m Amigm_wi| gmdYnU Og Og| AmohQ>rg bmJob, VgVgm Vmo {ZX«oÀ`m
ñdmYrZ hmoVmo d eodQ>t {ZÐm qH$dm AkmZ h| ÑT h>moD$Z amhVo. V¡gr AkmZm§JrH$ma|Ÿ&
{ZJmbr d¥{Îm {dIaoŸ& Vo gÎdaOìXma| & V_hr hmo` Ÿ&& (km. 14-143) AkmZmMm
åhUOo Xoh~wÕrMm A§JrH$ma H$ê$Z ~mhoa nS>bobr d¥{Îm Ooìhm§ ngaV OmVo, Voìhm§ Vr
gÎd, aO hmoD$Z V_{h hmoVo. `mà_mUo§ Amnbr d¥{Îm {ÌJwUm§Zt do{ï>V Pmë`m_wio
XohmnbrH$S>o H$mht {XgV Zmht. AmnU `m {ÌJwUd¥Îmr§V AS>H$Vm| H$g| h|
A§V:H$aUmH$S>o WmoS>| OmJéH$VoZ| nm{hë`mg qH$dm Ë`mMm {dMma Ho$ë`mg ghO
Amnbo§ AmnUmg H$iÊ`mOmoJ| Amho. nU Vgm à`ËZ Amnë`mH$Sy>Z hmoV Zmht.
åhUyZ {Vgè`m MaUm§V ""JwUmdoJir d¥{Îm Vohr dioZm"" Ag| åhQ>b| Amho.
nwîH$i doim§ AmnU {dMma H$arV ~gVm|. EH$ {dMma g§nbm H$s¨ bJoM
Xwgam gwê$ hmoVmo. {H$Vr doi Jobm h| g_OV{h Zmht. nU H$mht doim AmnUmg
Aer OmUrd `oVo H$s¨, Aao, hm {dMma CXmÎm (gmpÎdH$) Amho, hm bm^Xm`H$
(aOmË_H$) Amho, hm KmUoaS>m (V_moê$n) Amho. hr OmUrd `oVo Voìhm§ Wm§~yZ
WmoS>m {dMma H$amdm H$s¨ `m {ÌJwUmË_H$ d¥{Îm Á`mbm {Xgë`m Vmo _r `m d¥ÎmrhÿZ
H$moUrVar AbJ, doJim Amho. `m d¥ÎmtMm _r Ðï>m Amho. d¥Îmter _r Ooìhm
EH$ê$n Pmbm| hmoVm| Vo§ìhm _mP| {Zami|nU _bm {XgV ZìhV| Am{U doioM|hr ^mZ
ZìhV|, BVH$m _r Ë`m§V JwSy>n Pmbm| hmoVm|. AmVm d¥ÎmtMm Ðï>m hmoD$Z _r Ooìhm
Ë`m§À`mH$S>o doJionU| nmhÿ§ bmJbmo Voìhm§ _bm H$iV| H$s¨ d¥Îmret _mP| VmXmËå`
Pmb| H$s¨ _r _mP| AbJ ñdê$n {dgaVm|. åhUOo Ë`m _bm ~Õ H$aVmV Am{U
doJionU| Ë`m nmhÿ§ bmJbm| H$s¨ _r XohmMm d d¥ÎmtMm gmjr hmoVmo. V¡g| JwUt
JwUmnam¡V|Ÿ& O| AmnUno Ag| Am{`V| Ÿ& {V`o Ah§ ~¡go Ah§Vo Ÿ& _yiHo${M`oŸ&&
V¡§ VoWy{Z _J nmhVm§Ÿ& åhUo gmjr _r AH$Vm©Ÿ& ho JwU{M {H«$`mOmVm§& {Z`moOZm&&
(km.14-292, 93) Xoh Agon`ªV àH¥${VY_m©Zwgma d¥{Îm CR>V amhUmaM. d¥{Îm
CR>V am{hë`mZ| OrdmÀ`m _wº$Vobm ~mY `oV Zmht. Vmo d¥Îmret VmXmËå` nmdyZ
ñdV:Mo§ gm{jËd {dgaVmo, Ë`m_wi| Ë`mbm JwUmZ| ~Õ Pmë`mM| ^«_mZo§ ^mgV|.
Amnë`mM ^mamZo§ {\$aË`m Zirbm {MH$Q>bobm Am{U AS>H$bobm amKy Ñ{ï> CbQ>r
Pmë`m_wi| åhUOo AmH$memH$S>o dië`m_wi| Zirbm ~Õ hmoD$Z amhVmo.
dmñV{dH$ Ë`mZ| Zit gmoS>br Var Ë`mbm CS>Vm `oD$Z Vmo _wº$ hmoB©b. nU ^«_mZo§
Vmo Zit gmoS>rV Zmht, Vg§oM `oW| Amho. Ord {ÌJwUmË_H$ d¥{Îmì`mnmam§Zm gmoSy>Z
WmoS>mgm Oa AbJ hmoB©b Va Ë`mbm Amnb| gm{jËd H$iob. nU Xoh~wÜXr_wi|
JwUd¥ÎmtZm Vmo {MH$Qy>ZM amhVmo. JwUmdoJir hmoÊ`mMr hr gm{jËdmMr d¥{Îm Omo
n`ªV diV Zmht åhUOo H$iyZ nMZt nS>V Zmhr, åhUOo _r hm _rnUm gwQ>V
Zmht d _rnUm Agon`ªV OyZ| R>odU| åhUOo AmË_YZ gm§nS>V Zmht.
åhUo Xmg gm`mg Ë`mMo H$amdo Ÿ&
OZt OmUVm nm` Ë`mMo Yamdo Ÿ&&
JwéA§OZ|drU V| AmH$ioZm Ÿ&
OwZ| R>odU| _rnU| V| H$ioZm Ÿ&&141Ÿ&&
OwZ| R>odU| åhUOo AmË_m»` YZ h| OrdmÀ`m _mbH$sM| AgyZ{h ^«_mZ|
JwUmer§ VmXmËå` Pmë`m_wi| Ë`mM| {dñ_aU hmoD$Z Ord Xw:I ^moJrV Amho.
JwUmnmgyZ A{bá hmoD$Z gmjtnUmZ| Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o nmhÊ`mM| Omon`ªV O_V Zmht
Vmon`ªV Ë`mbm V| R>odU| àmá hmoV Zmht, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. h| gm{jËd
g_OyZ `oÊ`mbm åhUOo [ÌJwUmVrV hmoÊ`mbm Cnm` H$moUVm h| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
gm`mg åhUOo H$ï>, godm, Vwåhm§bm AmË_YZ Oa nm{hOo Agob Va V|
Á`mbm R>mD$H$ Amho Aem nwéfmMr {ZdS> H$ê$Z Ë`mMr godm H$am. Ë`mÀ`mgmR>t
VZ_ZYZmZ| {POm. gd© H$m§ht H$io gX²Jwé H$[aVm§Ÿ& Xmg åhUo AmVm§ Jwé
H$arŸ&& H$moUVr{h H$bm qH$dm {dÚm Amnbrer H$ê$Z ¿`md`mMr Pmë`mg
Ë`m§V Omo VÁk Agob Ë`mMr _Ou g§nmXZ H$amdr bmJVo. Voìhm§ Vr H$bm
qH$dm {dÚm hñVJV hmoVo. h| Og| ì`mdhm[aH$ gË` Amho, Vgo§M Or AmË_dñVw
A{Vgyú_ d Abä` Amho {VM| kmZ H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r VÎdk g§VmMrM H$mg
Y[abr nm{hOo, h| nma_m{W©H$ gË` Amho. Oo dñVw na_ Xw„^Ÿ& O`oMm
Abä` bm^Ÿ& V|{M hmo`o gw„^Ÿ& g§Vg§JoH$ê${ZŸ&& (Xm. 1-5-2) CÎm_
{ham Xw{_©i AgVmo h| Ia|, nU Ë`mMr Á`mbm AmoT> AgVo Vmo Ë`mÀ`m emoYm§V
amhVmo d Vmo {ham Ë`mbm {_iVmo{h. Vg|M kmZXmVm H$moUrVar hdmM Aer
288 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 289

_Zmbm AmoT> bmJbr, V| AmVwa Pmb| H$s¨ `mo½` Vmo nwéf bm^Vmo. `mH$maU| kmVm
nmhmdm Ÿ& Ë`mMm AZwJ«h ¿`mdm Ÿ& gmamgma {dMma| Ordm Ÿ& _moj àmá Ÿ&& (Xm.
6-1-31) Á`mMm AZwJ«h ¿`md`mMm, Ë`mÀ`mgmR>t {POmd`mM|. Omo OwZ| R>odU|
XmI{dVmo, Vmo OmUVm Agmdm H$gm, h| g_W© EH$m AmodtV gm§JVmV. OoW| ewÜX
~«÷kmZ Ÿ& AmUr ñWyi {H«$`oM| gmYZ Ÿ& Vmo{M gX²Jwé {ZYmZ Ÿ& XmIdr S>moim§
Ÿ&&>'' (Xm. 5-2-28) ~«÷kmZm_wi| Vmo AmË_V¥á AgVmo. AmË_V¥ár_wi| Vmo {Z:ñn¥h
AgVmo d {Z:ñn¥hVo_wi| Vmo em§V AgVmo. àm{U_mÌmÀ`m H$ë`mUmMr Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt
AmñWm Agë`m_wi| Ë`mbm ñdV:bm Amdí`H$Vm ZgVm§Zm{h bmoH$g§J«hmW© Vmo
gËH$_m©M| OrdZ H§$R>rV AgVmo. Aem OmUË`mg AZÝ` eaU hmoD$Z d§XZ H$amd|.
nU kmZàmárgmR>r ZwgV| d§XZ H$ê$Z ^mJV Zmht. d§XZm~amo~a n[aàý d
godm{h nm{hOoV. godm åhQ>b| H$s¨ nwîH$i _mUg| XMH$VmV d nm`mg hmV bmdÊ`mg
bmOVmV. godm KoUmam hm Jwé H$gbm Agm ñdV:~ÔbMm àûZ Ë`m§À`m _Zm§V CáÞ
hmoV Zmht. Á`mbm na_mW©kmZ nm{hOo Agob Ë`mZ| emó d ñdJwU `m§À`mH$S>o bj
{Xb| nm{hOo. AmnUmg `mo½` Jwé nm{hOo Agob Va AmnU{h `mo½` {eî` ~Zb|
nm{hOo. Jwégodm hm {eî`Y_© Amho. Vmo CJmM gm§{JVbm Zmht. godo_wi| ào_ CËnÞ
hmoV|. {OVH|$ A{YH$ n«o_, {VËmH$m A{YH$ {Oìhmim d OoWo § {Oìhmim VoW| A§Va§JmVrb
Jwø àH$Q> hmoV|, åhUyZ g§Vê$nr kmZ_§{XamMm godm hm C§~aR>m hmo`, Ago kmZmo~m§Zr
åhQ>b| Amho. à{UnmV, n[aàý d godm `m kmZn«márÀ`m VrZ gmYZm§~amo~aM {eî`mMm
gX²JwédMZmda nyU© {dœmg nm{hOo. A{dœmg| H$mg gmo{S>br Ÿ& Eogr ~hþVoH$
^dt ~wS>mbt....Ÿ&& `m H$maU| ÑT> {dœmg Ÿ& Vmo{M OmUmdm gpÀN>î` Ÿ&
_mojm{YH$mar {deof Ÿ& AmJ«JÊ`w Ÿ&& (Xm. 5-3-37,38)
OmUË`mMo nm` YaU| H$m§ Amdí`H$ Amho h| CÎmamYmªV EH$ Ñï>mÝV
XoD$Z ñnï> H$[aVmV. nm`miy _Zwî`mÀ`m S>moù`mV {deof àH$maM| A§OZ
KmVb| åhUOo Ë`mbm ^y{_JV Ðì` {XgV|, Agm EH$ g_mO Amho. _Zwî`
nm`miy nm{hOo d A§OZ h| _mhrVJmamZ| S>moù`mV KmVb| nm{hOo åhUOo
JwáYZ {Xgmd`mM|. `m CXmhaUmà_mU| `oW| nm`miy åhUOo _w_wjw {eî`,
A§OZ åhUOo kmZ d `m A§OZmMm _mhrVJma åhUOo VÎdk Jwé. `m VrZ
Jmoï>r Owië`m{edm` OwZo§ R>odU| O| AmË_YZ V| H$iV Zmht. {XgoZm O| JwáYZ Ÿ&
V`mgr H$aU| bmJo A§OZ Ÿ& Jwá na_mË_m g‚mZ Ÿ& g§JVt emoYmdm Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-
9-19) JwédMZmZ| Xoh~wÜXrM| S>moù`mdarb nS>i Zmhtg| hmoV| d {Xì` Ñ{ï> `oD$Z
Jwá na_mË_m AZw^dmbm `oVmo. O¡go ZoÌt Km[bVm§ A§OZ Ÿ& nS>o Ñï>rg {ZYmZŸ&
V¡g| gX²JwédMZ| kmZ Ÿ& àH$me hmo` Ÿ&& (Xm. 5-1-38)
`m ûcmoH$mZ| "OwZ| R>odU| _rnU| AmH$ioZm' h| gXa nyU© Pmb|.
H$ioZm H$ioZm H$ioZm T>ioZm Ÿ&
T>io Zm T>io g§e`mo hr T>ioZm Ÿ&&
JioZm JioZm Ah§Vm JioZm Ÿ&
~i| AmH$ioZm {_ioZm {_ioZm Ÿ&&142Ÿ&&
OwZ| R>odU| åhUOo Amnb| O| AmË_ñdê$n V| OmUË`m Jwê$bm eaU OmD$Z
d Ë`mMr godm H$éZ OmUyZ ¿`md|, AÝ`Wm Vo AZw^{dVm§ `oV Zmht. Ago _mJrb
ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|, `mda EImXm Agm n«ûZ H$arb H$s¨ Amnbm CÜXma AmnU
H$amdm Ago§ ^Jd§VmZt JrV§oV gm§{JVbo§ AgVm§ Amnë`mM AmË_ñdê$nmM| kmZ
AmnUmgM H$m§ hmoD§$ Z`o? (CÜXaoXmË_ZmË_mZ_²) Ë`mgmR>r§ Xwgè`m OmUË`mMo nm`
YaÊ`mM| H$m` H$maU? `mM| CÎma `m ûcmoH$m§V {Xb| Amho.
Mm¡Ï`m MaUm§V g_W© åhUVmV H$s¨, Amnë`mM qh_Vrda AmnU
AmË_VÎd OmUy§ eHy§$ Agm XwamJ«h H$moUr Yabm Va V| VÎd Ë`mbm OmUVm§ `oUma
Zmht d AmË_{ñW{V àmá hmoUma Zmht. EImXr dñVw Amnë`mM S>moù`m§Zr AmnU
nmhVm Agbm| Var VoW| A{¾ AWdm gy`©àH$memMr JaO bmJVoM. S>moim AmnbmM
Agbm Var A§Ymam§V Vmo H$mht nmhÿ§ eH$V Zmhr, Ë`mbm àH$memMr _XV bmJVoM.
Ago§M `oW| Amho. ~w{Õ AmnbrM nU Vr A§Ymam§V dmdaV Agë`m_wi| {Vbm
AmË_àË``mM| AmH$bZ hmoV Zmht. hm A§Yma, g§e` d Xoh~wÜXrMm åhUOo AkmZmMm
Amho. Omon`ªV OmUË`mÀ`m kmZàH$memMm bm^ {_iV Zmhr Vmon`ªV hm AkmZ
A§Y:H$ma Xya hmoV Zmhr. Ah§Vm d g§e` ho Xya Pmë`m{edm` AmË_VÎdm§Mo AmH$bZ
hmoV Zmht, åhUyZ H$ioZm H$ioZm.
Ÿ dñVyM| Xwb©^Ëd XmI{dÊ`mgmR>t eãXmMr {Ûé{º$, {Ìé{º$ Ho$br
290 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 291

Amho. àW_ MaUm§Vrb T>ioZm `m eãXmMm g§~§Y nwT>rb {ÛVr` MaUmH$So Amho.
H$ioZm H$ioZm åhUOo H$m` H$iV Zmht d g§e`mohr T>ioZm åhUOo H$moUVm g§e`
Xya hmoV Zmht? Z {XgUma| OwZo§ R>odU| Ago§ O| AmË_VÎd V| H$g| Amho, H$moR>| Amho,
h| H$mht Ho$ë`m H$iV Zmht. H$maU V| {XgV Zmht. nmhmd`mg Job| Va Amnbm
Xoh d Ñí` g¥[ï S>moù`mg {XgVmV d VrM XmoÝhr gË` dmQ>VmV>. AmË_m `m
Zm§dmMr H$mhr dñVw Amho h| _Zmbm nQ>VM Zmht. BH$S>o gË` _m{Zbm Xohmo Ÿ&
{VH$S>o Ñí` gË` hm {Zdm©hmo Ÿ& Xmoht_Y| _mhm§ g§Xohmo Ÿ& n¡gmdbm ~i| Ÿ&&
(Xm. 6-8-42) àË`j {XgVmo Vmo XohM Iam _r, Aer EH$Xm ~wpÜX ÑT> Pmbr
Am{U {XgUmar g¥{ï> gË` dmQy>§ bmJbr Va AÑí` AmË_VÎdmH$S>o bj H$g|
OmUma? qH$dm loîR>m§Zr ""VoM gd© Amho, V|M Vy§ Amhog,"" Ago§ Oar gm§{JVb|
Var V| ~wÕrg PQ>{Xet H$go§ nQ>Uma? CbQ> g§e`~w{ÕM ÑT> hmoV OmVo. {_Ï`
V|{M gË` Omb| Ÿ& gË` AgmoZ {_Ï` Ho$b| Ÿ& g§Xoh-gmJat ~wS>mb| Ÿ& AH$ñ_mV
_Z Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-7-42) åhUyZ H$ioZm Ag| [Ìdma åhQ>bo. ldUmZ| qH$dm
J«§WdmMZmZo§ nwîH$i doim§ Amnë`mg H$ib| d g§e` Xya Pmbm Ag| dmQ>V|, na§Vw
nwÝhm EH$Xm AÝ` g§H$ën CR>bm H$s¨ Pmbobm ~wÜXrMm {Zü` T>mgiVmo d nwÝhm
g§e` amhVmoM. g§e` T>ibm Ag| dmQ>bo§, nU AÚmn ZrQ> H$ib| Zmht. Ag|
dmQy>§ bmJV|. Aem doit _mÂ`m ~wÕrZ| _rM g§e` \o$Sy>Z KoB©Z Agm XwamJ«h
gmoSy>Z OmUË`mH$Sy>Z ~wÜXrMm {Zü` H$ê$Z ¿`mdm bmJVmo, Zmhr§Va g§e`m§V
Jya\$Qy>Z amhmd| bmJV|. {edm` Xwgar Jmoï> Aer H$s¨ _ZmZo {H$Vr{h H$ënZm
Ho$ë`m Var O| H$ënZ|V gm§nSy>§ eH$V Zmht Ë`m~ÔbMm g§e` Xya ìhmdm H$gm?
g§e` {\$Q>bm d {\$Q>bm Zmht hr Amnbr H$ënZmM. _Zmg H$ënm`mMr gdo Ÿ&
_Z| H$pënb| V| Zìho Ÿ& VoU| JwU| g§Xoh Ymdo Ÿ& _rnUmMo{Z n§Wo Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-7-
43) åhUyZ T>io Zm, T>io, ZmT>io Ag| åhQ>b|.
Ah§M| Xohmet Omon`ªV VmXmËå` Amho åhUOo _r Xoh Aer Omon`ªV ÑT>
~w{Õ Amho Vmon`ªV gd© H$ënZm XohmÀ`m àm§Vm§VM dmdaVmV. XohmnbrH$S>o Xohmbm
AmYma^yV Aer H$mhr§ dñVw Amho Agm AmË_{dMma ghZ hmoV Zmht. {ddoH$
dñVyH$S>o dmoT>r Ÿ& Xoh~wpÜX VoWy{Z nmS>r Ÿ& Ah§Vm bmdy{Z {ZdS>r Ÿ& doJionU|
Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-2-40) Xoh-Ah§VoMr hr Jm§R> KÅ> hmoD$Z ~gbr Agë`m_wi| Vr
g¡b hmoV Zmhr§, g§e` d Ah§Vm `m§_wio ~wÜXrda Ambobm AkmZ- A§YH$ma Omon`ªV
gX²JwékmZàH$memZ| Xya hmoV Zmht. Vmon`ªV _mP| _r AmË_kmZ H$ê$Z KoB©Z
Agm AmJ«h ì`W© hmo`. VoW OmUnU| OmUm| OmgrŸ& V¢ OmUmd| Vo{M ZoUgrŸ&
VoW kmVonU| kmZmgrŸ& ñdê$nmnmet [aJy ZmhtŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 3-645)
A{dÚmJwU| _mZdm D$_OoZm Ÿ&
^«_| MyH$b| hrV V| AmH$ioZm Ÿ&
narjo{dU| ~m§Yb| ÑT> ZmU| Ÿ&
nar gË` {_Ï`m Ag| H$moU OmU| Ÿ&&143Ÿ&&
g§e`d¥{Îm d XohAh§H$ma `m XmoZ AS>MUr Xya hmoV Zgë`m_wi| {H$Vrhr
IQ>nQ> Ho$br Var AmË_ñdê$nmM| AmH$bZ hmoV Zmhr, Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVbo. `m XmoZ AS>MUr Xya Z hmoÊ`mM| H$maU H$m` h| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
_Zwî`mbm A{dÚo_wi| ñdñdê$nmMr AmoiI nQ>V Zmht. `mgmR>t A{dÚm
åhUOo H$m` ho g_Ob| nm{hOo. A{dÚm åhUOo ì`{ï>, AkmZ, ñdV: ì`º$sbm
AmnU H$moU, Amnb| ñdê$n H$m`,`mMr OmUrd ZgU|, _r H$moU Eog| Zo{UOo Ÿ&
V`m Zm§d AkmZ ~mo{bOoŸ && (Xm. 7-2-22) A{dÚm hr AZmXr, ^mdê$n d
gm§V ({OMm {ddoH$mZ| A§V hmoVmo) BË`m{X {deofUm§Zr {d{eï> Aer Amho. aOmoJwU
d V_moJwU `m§Zr H$bw{fV Pmboë`m gÎdJwUmbm åhUOo _{bZ gÎdJwUmbm A{dÚm
åhUVmV. hr OrdmMr Cnm{Y Amho. hr H$_m©Zwê$n H$_r A{YH$ ewÕ AWdm
_{bZ AgVo. hrM ñWyi d gyú_ Xohmbm H$maU hmoV Agë`m_wi| {hbm H$maU
eara Ag| åhUVmV. `m _{bZgÎdàYmZ CnmYr_wi| Ord hm {H$§{Mk hmoVmo.
Ë`mbm ~mø H$ënZmê$n àn§MmM| kmZ AgV|; nU H$ënZonbrH$S>rb Amnë`m
AmË_ñdê$nmM| kmZ ZgV|. åhUyZ Amnë`m H$ënZoZ| hmoUmam Omo ~moY VrM
ñdm^m{dH$ A{dÚm hmo`, Ago§ ZmW åhUVmV, ""{ZO H$ënZoMm Omo ~moYŸ& VrM
A{dÚm ñdV: {gÜXŸ& VoU|{M ~mY| {d{Y{ZfoY& Vo Ë`m{Jë`m ewÜX ~«÷{MŸ&&''
(Zm. ^m. 12-224) EImXm ^«{_ï> _Zm§V H$ënZm `oB©b Vgm dmJV gwQ>Vmo,
Ë`mà_mU| kmZr g§Vm§À`m Ñï>rZ| Amåhr AkmZr OZ H$ënZoÀ`m ^amè`m _maUmao,
IwioM Amhm|V `m H$maUeara A{dÚobmM AkmZ Ag| åhUVmV.
Ÿ AkmZ åhUOo kmZmMm A^md ZgyZ V| AZm{X, A{Zd©MZr`,
^mdê$n Amho. V| Oa A^mdê$n AgV| Va ì`m_moh, ^«_ h| ^mdê$n H$m`©
292 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 293

Ë`mnmgyZ H$YrM nyU© Pmbo§ ZgV|. `mñVd AkmZ åhUOo kmZmMm A^md ZgyZ
kmZmZ| ZîQ> hmoUma|, Oo kmZ{damoYo V| AkmZ hmo`. A§Yma Agm H$mht nXmW© Zmht
nU Vmo ^mgVmo. àH$membm à{V~§YH$ nU àH$me{damYr åhUOo àH$memZ| Zmhtgm
hmoUmam Vmo A§Yma, `mà_mUo§ àË`j AZw^dmbm `oUmè`m ñdê$nmMm Omo à{V~§Y
V| AkmZ hmo` d V| H$ënZmê$n Amho. A{dÚm åhUOo ì`{ï> AkmZ, ho§M OJÐþn
^«_mM| H$maU Amho. `m A{dÚoMm Zme åhUOoM _moj d hr A{dÚm åhUOoM
~§Y. A{dÚmñV_`mo _moj: g M ~§Y CXmöV:Ÿ& Ago gwaoœamMm`© åhUVmV.
A{dÚoM| ñdê$n g_Ob| åhUOo `m ûcmoH$mMm AW© ñnï> hmoVmo. EImÚmZo
Amnbr JaO qH$dm Bï> hoVw gmYob åhUyZ {Iem§V ZmUo§ R>o{db| nU V| Ia| Amho H$m
ImoQo§ Amho h| Oa Ë`mZ| nm{hb| Zmht Va Vmo ^«{_ï>M åhQ>bm nm{hOo. ImoQ>çm ZmÊ`mZ|
{hV gmYV Zmhr§ `mMr OmUrd Va Vmo {dgabmM; nU CbQ> _mÂ`mOdi Ðì` Amho
Ë`mZ| gd© H$mht gmÜ` hmoB©b `m ^«_m§VM Vmo amhVmo. VìXV² H$ënZmê$n àn§Mê$n
kmZmbmM _Zwî` Ia| kmZ g_OyZ MmbVmo d Amnb| AZ{hV H$ê$Z KoVmo.
Am{XH$ê${Z Mm¡g{ï> H$im Ÿ& `m doJù`m ZmZm H$imŸ& Mm¡Xm {dÚm {gpÜX
gH$imŸ& h| kmZ Zìho Ÿ&& (Xm. 5-5-31) hr OmUrd _Zwî`mbm ZgVo Ë`m_wi|
~ÕXem VrM AmË_Xem `m ^«_m§V Vmo amhVmo.
_Zwî`mbm Amnb| ñd{hV H$iV Zmht BVH§o$M Zìho Va Á`m§Zt AmË_{hV
AmoiIb| Amho d Ë`mbm AZwgê$Z Á`m§M| AmMaU Amho VoM CbQ> ^«{_ï> hmoVo Ag|
Ë`mbm dmQy>§ bmJV|. hr Va ~ÜXXeoMr gr_m hmo`. `m Xe|V {df`^moJgwI h|M
{hVmM| dmQy>§ bmJV|. ñ\w$ao drf`t H$ënZm Vo A{dÚmŸ&& Ag| g_W© åhUVmV.
{df`m§V Jw§Vë`m_wi| AmnU ñdV:M g{ƒXmZ§ê$n AmË_m Amhm| h| _Zwî`mbm H$iV
Zmht. Xw:Iê$n {df`m§VM gwI _mZyZ Ë`m§V a§Jë`mZ§Va AmË`§{VH$ H$ë`mUmW©
Iè`m gwImMm {dMma H$aÊ`mM| ^mZ H$moUmbm amhUma ?
OJt nmhVm gmM V| H$m` Amho Ÿ&
AVrAmXa| gË` emoYy{Z nmh| Ÿ&&
nwT>| nmhVm§ nmhVm§ Xod OmoS>| Ÿ&
^«_| ^«m§{V AkmZ h| gd© _moS>o Ÿ&&144Ÿ&&
Iè`mImoQ>çmMm {dMma Z H$aVm§ H$ënZmê$n A{dÚoM| ImoQ>| ZmU| Odi
~miJë`m_wi| _mZdmM| AmË`§{VH$ {hV Va gmYV ZmhtM, nU CbQ> Amnb| {hV
gmYUma Amho, `m ^«_m§V _mÌ Vmo amhVmo, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. åhUOo
A{dÚmê$nr ImoQ>o ZmU| g§J«h Ho$ë`mZ| hmoUmam bm^ H$moUVm ho gm§JVmV.
gmM åhUOo gË`. g¥ï>rH$S>o nm{hë`mg gË` Aer dñVw H$moUVr {XgVo?
H$moUVrM Zmhr. O| O| S>moù`mbm {XgV| AJa _Zmg ^mgV| V| V| gd© {dH$mar Am{U
Zmed§V Amho, gË` Ag| H$m§ht Zmht. `mgmR>t h| _Zm, `m OJVm§V gË` dñVw
H$moUVr Amho `mMm AË`§V H$miOrnyd©H$ ~maH$mB©Z| {dMma H$ê$Z nmhm. Vy§ OgOgm
{dMma H$arV Omerb VgVgm VwPm ^«_ Zmhtgm hmoD$Z Vwbm gË` dñVyM| kmZ
hmoB©b. O| gË` AgV| V| Am{X, _Ü` d A§V `m {VÝhr H$mbt Og|À`m Vg| H$m`_
AgV|, Ë`m§V H$moUVm{h ~Xb hmoV Zmht. noQ>tV Aì`ŠV Agbobm gmoÝ`mMm Jmoim
Ab§H$mamÀ`m ê$nmZ| ì`ŠV hmoD$Z ~mhoa Ambm d Ab§H$ma AmQy>Z Vmo nwÝhm noQ>tV
Jobm Var ì`ŠV d Aì`ŠV ê$nmhÿZ gmoZ| h| AJXt {Zami|M Amho. V| Jmoim{h Zmht
AWdm Ab§H$ma{h Zmht. gmoÝ`m§V H$moUVr{h KS>m_moS> hmoV Zmhr. åhUyZ gmoZ| gË`
hmo` d Jmoim, Ab§H$ma ho {_Ï`m hmoV. H$maU Vt XmoÝhr gmoÝ`m{edm` ñdV§Ì Zm§Xy§
eH$V ZmhtV. gË`Zm_mì``_² {ZË`_{dH$m[a VW¡d MŸ&& (_. ^m.) Aer
gË`mMr ì`m»`m Amho. O| Aì`` åhUOo H$Yr{h Zme Z nmdUma|, {ZË` åhUO|
Zoh_t H$m`_ amhUma| Am{U A{dH$mar åhUO| Á`mM| ñdê$n H$Yr{h nmbQ>V Zmht,
V|M gË` hmo`.
øm Zm_ê$nmË_H$ Ñí` AÑí` OJm§V gd©Ì ì`mnyZ Agbob| O| ~«÷ V|M
gË` hmo`. `… g gd}fw ^yVofw Zí`Ëgw Z {dZí`{V (^. Jr. 8-20) `m gË`
dñVyÀ`m AmYmamda {díd ì`ŠV ñdê$nmbm `odmo qH$dm Aì`ŠV Xe|V Omdmo, hr
na~«÷dñVw ì`ŠV Aì`ŠV XeohÿZ {^Þ AgyZ OerÀ`m VWr AZm{X {gÕ Amho.
darb gmoÝ`mÀ`m Ñï>mÝVmg AZwgê$Z kmZmo~m åhUVmV, ""ZmVar AmQ>{V`o
Ai§H$matŸ& ZmQ>V| H$ZH$ Ago O`mnarŸ& Vodt _a{V`o OrdmH$matŸ& A_a O|
AmhoŸ&&'' (km. 8-178)
ho _Zm, `m A_a gË` dñVyMm {ZË` {dMma H$ê$Z emoY KoV Omd|.
h| gË` Zmhr, V| gË` Zmht, g¥{ï> gË` Zmht, Xoh, B§{Ð`|, gË` ZmhtV
294 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 295

Agm AgË`mMm {dMma H$arV Omd|. AmË_mZmË_ {ddoH$mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZ| `m ~«÷
dñVyMm A§Va§Jm§V emoY KoV am{hb| åhUOo AIoarg Ë`m gË` ñdê$nmMr Vwbm
AmoiI hmoD$Z VwÂ`m {R>H$mUt Agbobr ^«m§{V AkmZ ht Zmhtet hmoVrb d Ë`m
gË` ñdê$nmer VwP| AI§S> VmXmËå` amhrb.
AgË` {ZdSy>Z ~mOybm gmarV gmarV kmZÑï>rZ| gË` ~«÷mMm A§Va§Jm§V
emoY ¿`mdm BË`m{X ûcmoH$mW© Pmbm. nU `mda EH$ e§H$m `oU| AJXr ñdm^m{dH$
Amho Vr Aer H$s¨, g¥ï>rH$S>o gË` ~wÕrZ| nmhÊ`mMmM _mZdmÀ`m {R>H$mUt ÑT>
g§ñH$ma AgVmo. g¥{ï>H$Vm©, B©œa, g¥{ï>, g¥ï>rVrb gd© ì`dhma ho gd© gË` Amho,
AerM Ë`mMr ÑT> ~w{Õ AgVo. Aem n[apñWVtV ~«÷M VodT>| gË`; VÛç{V[aŠV
gd© {_Ï`m ^«m§{V Ago Oa Ë`mg gm§{JVb| Va Ë`mbm V| bJ|M nQ>md| H$g|? d Ë`mZ|
gË` ~«÷mMm emoY KoÊ`mbm àd¥Îm ìhmd| H$g|? {edm` `m gË`mbm Zm_ Zmht, ê$n
Zmht, JwU Zmht S>moù`mbm V| {XgV Zmht, ZmH$mZ| hþ§JVm `oV Zmht, V| H$mZmZ| EoHy§$
`oÊ`mOmoJ| Zmhr qH$dm hmVmZ| ñne© H$aÊ`mgmaI| Zmhr, Aem dñVyMm emoY KoÊ`mH$S>o
_Zwî` àd¥Îm Var H$gm ìhmdm?
hr `mo½` Aer e§H$m bjm§V KoD$ZM emñÌmZ|{h {VM| g_mYmZ Ho$b| Amho.
_mZdmZ| {dMmanyd©H$ nmdb| Q>mH$sV H«$_mZo Amnbr CÞ{V H$ê$Z ¿`mdr `mgmR>t
_§X, _Ü` d Vrd« Ago _w_wjyMo A{YH$ma bjm§V KoD$Z doXmÝV emñÌmZ| VrZ àH$maÀ`m
gÎmm _mZë`m AmhoV. Ë`m bjm§V Z KoVë`mg ~aoM J¡ag_O VgoM amhVmV åhUyZ
Ë`mMm WmoS>Š`m§V {dMma nmhÿ§.
ì`mdhm[aH$, à{V^m{gH$ d nma_m{W©H$ Aem VrZ gÎmm doXmÝVemñÌmZ|
_m{Zë`m AmhoV. (1) ì`mdhm[aH gÎmm…- `m§V ~«÷mda ^mgUmè`m AmH$mem{XH$m§Mr
gÎmm {^Þ _m{Zbr Amho. Ë`m_wi| JméS>r {dÚoà_mU| OJ ì`mdhm[aH$ gÎmm`wŠV
Amho Ag| åhUmd| bmJV|. bm¡{H$H$ ì`dhmam_Yrb KQ>nQ>m{X nXmW© `m§Mr bm¡{H$H$
gÎmm Amho åhUOo {VZ| bm¡{H$H$ {g{Õ hmoVo. ~«÷kmZ Zgb| Var _Zwî` ì`dhmaMVwa
Agy§ eH$Vmo. `m gÎmoMm OmJ¥VtV ~mY hmoV Zmhr. nU ñdßZ, gwfw{á, _yÀN>m©,
g_m{Y `m AdñWm§V ~mY hmoVmo. {VMm ~«÷kmZmZ| åhUOo nma_m{W©H$ gÎmoZ| ~moY
hmoVmo. (2) àm{V^m{gH$ gÎmm …- A{Yð>mZmM| kmZ Pmbo AgVm§ Or Zï >hmoVo Vr.
CXm. ew{ŠVaOV, a‚mwgn©, ñdmpßZH$ nXmW©. {VMm ~«÷kmZmdm§MyZ åhUOo
ì`mdhm[aH$ gÎmoZ| ~mY hmoVmo. COoS>mZ| XmoarM| kmZ hmoV| d OmJo Ho$ë`mZ|
ñdßZ ImoQ>| R>aV|. (3) nma_m{W©H$ gÎmm …- `m gÎmoMm VrZ{h H$mbt ~mY hmoV
Zmht. Vr EH$M {ÌH$mbm~m{YV Aer ~«÷gÎmm Amho. nma_m{W©H$ gÎmoZ| ì`mdhm[aH$
Am{U à{V^m{gH$ Aem XmoÝhr gÎmm§Mm ~mY hmoVmo. na§Vw nma_m{W©H$ gÎmoMm H$emZ|{h
Zme hmoV Zmht. åhUyZ ""EH$_odm{ÛVr`§ ~«÷'' hmM {gÕmÝV Iam Amho.
`m gÎmm§g§~§Yt EH$ {dMma bjm§V R>odbm nm{hOo. Vmo hm H$s¨ `m§À`m_Yrb
g_mZgÎmmH$ nXmWmªMr gÎmm nañnamg gmYH$ AWdm ~mYH$ hmoVo; nU {df_gÎmmH$
nXmWmªMr gÎmm nañnam§g gmYH$~mYH$ hmoV Zmhr. ñdßZm_Ü`| gn©X§e Pmboë`mg
ì`mdhm[aH$ _m§{ÌH$ Var nm{hOo qH$dm OmJ¥{V `oD$Z gÎmmnmbQ> Var nm{hOo.
Omo nXmW© kmZmZ| ~m{YV hmoVmo Vmo nXmW© gË` ZgVmo. Ë`mMm AË`§V
A^mdM AgVmo. åhUyZ OJm_Ü`| ""gmM V| H$m` Amho'' h| nhmd`mM| Pmë`mg
àm{V^m{gH$ gÎmoMm ì`mdhm[aH$ gÎmoZ| d ì`mdhm[aH$ gÎmoMm nma_m{W©H$ gÎmoZ|
ì`dhma _mÌ {gÕ hmoVmo, nU nma_m{W©H$ gÎmoZ| BVa XmoZ gÎmm§Mm ~mY hmoVmo. åhUyZ
g_W© åhUVmV- ""ho kmZÑï>rZ| nhmd|Ÿ& nmhmoZ VoW|{M amhmd|Ÿ& {ZOÜ`mg| VÐÿn
ìhmd|Ÿ& g§JË`mJ|Ÿ&& (Xm. 19-5-28)
gXm {df`mo qM{VVm§ Ord Ombm Ÿ&
Ah§^md AkmZ OÝ_m{g Ambm Ÿ&
{ddoHo$ gXm ñdñdê$nt ^amd| Ÿ&
{Odm D$J_t OÝ_ Zmht ñd^md| Ÿ&&145Ÿ&&
OJm§V gË` dñVw H$moUVr Amho `mMm ZrQ> H$miOrnyd©H$ {dMma H$ê$Z
nmhm. OgOgm AmË_ZmË_m{ddoH$ hmoB©b VgmVgm Iam Xod H$moUVm h| H$iyZ
`oD$Z AkmZ ^«m§{V BË`m{X Zmhtet hmoD$Z Vmo Xod åhUOoM Amnb| ê$n hmo` h|
AZw^dmbm `oB©b, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. Xod OmoS>bm OmD$Z ñdñdê$nmMr
AmoiI{h Oa nQ>Vo Va _Zwî` hm {ddoH$ H$m§ H$arV Zmht `mM| CÎma `m ûcmoH$m§V
XoD$Z {ddoH$mZ| d gmYZmZ| _mZdmZ| Amnë`m ñdê$nmMr AmoiI H$ê$Z ¿`mdr
Agm CnXoe H$aVmV.
dmñV{dH$ Ord hm ~«÷M Amho. na§Vw ñdgwImMr JmoS>r {dgê$Z Vmo
{df`mM|M qMVZ H$arV am{hbm. `m ñdê$n{dñ_¥VrÀ`m AkmZm_wi| {df`m§VM
296 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 297

gd© gwImMm R>odm Amho, Ag| Ë`mbm dmQy>§ bmJb|. A§V…H$aUm§Vrb {df`dmgZm§_wi|
Ë`m ^moJÊ`mgmR>t Ë`mbm nwÝhm eara KoD$Z OÝ_md| bmJV| d eara h|M gmagd©ñd
_mZyZ Vmo Ah§H$mamZ| ZmMy§ bmJVmo. {df`{df h| O~aXñV Amho, {dfmMm boe{h
nmoQ>mV Jobm åhUOo Vmo Ogm àmUKmVH$ R>aVmo, Ë`mà_mU| {df`m§Mm A§V…H$aUm§V
gyú_ g§ñH$ma Agbm Var Vmo ~w{Õ^«§e KS>dyZ OÝ__aUna§naoM| KmVH$ MH«$ {Z_m©U
H$aVmo. Ü`m`Vmo {df`mZ² nw§g… g§“ñVofynOm`VoŸ& (^. Jr. 2-62) V¡gr `m
{df`m§Mr e§H$mŸ& _Zt dgVr XoImŸ& KmVw H$ar AeoImŸ& {ddoH$OmVmŸ&& (km.
2-320)
{df`m§Mr g§J{V {ddoH$^«ï> H$ê$Z nVZ KS>dyZ AmUUmar Agë`m_wi|
ZrQ> {dMma H$ê$Z _Zwî`mZ| _Z…nyd©H$ Vr Q>mimdr. åhUOo {df`mg§~§Yt AmdS>ZmdS>
Q>mimdr. Vr Zgbr H$s¨ ~w{Õ A§V_w©I hmoD§$ bmJVo ~w{Õ A§V_w©I hmoD§$ bmJbr
åhUOo ñdñdê$nmMm {dMma H$amdm d VÐÿn ìhmd|.
`m ûcmoH$m§Vrb ""{ddoH|$ gXm ñdñdê$nt ^amd|'' h| {Vga| MaU nydu
íbmoH$ 10 _Ü`| eodQ>Mo MaU åhUyZ Og|À`m Vg| `oD$Z Job| Amh|. Ë`m {R>H$mUt
`mMm g§nyU© {dMma _m§S>bobm Amho. `m ûcmoH$mbm AZwgê$Z `oW| BVH|$M gm§Jmd`mM|
H$s¨ {df`mg§~§Yr A_wH$ hdm, A_wH$ ZH$mo hr AmgŠVrM Zmhter Pmbr H$s¨
{df` ho AmhoV VgoM Oar am{hbo Var Ë`m§Mr {dfmar Zm§Jr Zmhrer hmoVo d Vo
AmË_mZmË_{ddoH$mbm ~mYH$ hmoV ZmhtV. Ë`m_wi| AmË_{ddoH$ d ñdê$nt ^aU|
åhUOo VmXmËå` `m XmoÝhr{h Jmoï>r em§V {MÎmmZ| hmoVmV. {MÎmmbm nyU© àgÞVm
Ambr åhUOo AIoa V| na_mË_ñdê$ntM brZ hmoD$Z amhV|, nmoQ>m§VM A_¥VmMm
Pam Agbm Va jwYm d V¥foMr ~mYm H$er hmoB©b ? V¡g| öX` àgÞ hmo`oŸ& Var
Xw…I H¢$M| H|$ AmhoŸ& VoW Amn¡gr ~w{Õ amhoŸ& na_mË_ê$ntŸ&& (km. 2-340)
CJ_t åhUOo ~«÷mÀ`m {R>H$mUt OÝ_ _¥Ë`y `m§Mr dmVm©{h Zmht.
_m`m CnOo ~«÷ CnOoZmŸ& _m`m _ao ~«÷ _aoZmŸ&& (Xm. 6-5-6) ~«÷
h| ewÕ Agë`m_wi| V| H$emM| H$maU Zmht. \$mobnQ> H$mT>boë`m H$moUË`m{h
ewÕ ~rOmnmgyZ A§Hw$amoËn{Îm Zmht. ~«÷ {ZË` Agë`m_wio H$emM| H$m`©
Zmht d _wŠV Agë`m_wio H$emZ|{h ~Õ hmoV Zmht. hrM pñW{V OrdmMr Amho.
Ord hm ~«÷M Amho. Ordmo ~«÷¡d Zmna…Ÿ&& A§V…H$aU CnmYrbm AZwgê$Z
Ë`mbm A§e åhQ>bo Amho, __¡dm§emo OrdbmoHo$Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 15-7) na_oœa
dñVwV… {MÐÿn Amho åhUyZ Ord hm CnmYr_wio Ë`mMm H$mën{ZH$ A§e Amho,
dmñV{dH$ Zìho. {Za{Zamù`m ^m§S>çm§Vrb Obm_wio à{Vq~~| AZoH$ Agbr Var
gy`© EH$M åhUyZ Ord hm dmñV{dH$ (ñd^md|) ~«÷M hmo`. na§Vw ~«÷mda Ah§Mm
AÜ`mg (^«_) Pmë`m_wi| A{dÚm åhUOo AkmZ _mJ| bmJb|. V| Xya hmoD$Z
OrdmZ| Amnb| CJ_ñWmZ Jm§R>md| åhUyZ na_oœamZ| _Zwî`mbm {deof Ag| kmZ
{Xb| Amho. `m kmZmÀ`m Omoamda _m`mZXrnma Agbob| Amnb| CJ_ñWmZ Ë`mbm
Jm§R>Vm§ `oV|.
AmË_mZmË_{ddoH$mZ| Ë`mbm Amnë`m earam§V Agboë`m AZmË_ VÎdm§Mm
PmS>m H$ê$Z EH$ AmË_VÎdM gË` Amho, _r Agm AÝ` H$moUr Zmht, _mP| _r _r
åhUU| h| AmËå`mbm AZwgê$ZM Amho h| H$iyZ `oV|. nmhVm§ XohmMm {dMmaŸ& AdKm
VÎdm§Mm {dñVmaŸ& VÎd| VÎd Pm{S>Vm§ gmaŸ& AmË_mM CaoŸ&& (Xm. 6-2-30)
AmVm§ OoW| AmnUM Zmht VoW| OÝ__¥Ë`w H$moUmbm AgUma? AmnUm{g R>md{M
ZmhtŸ& OÝ__¥Ë`w H¡$Mo H$mB©Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-2-34) AmË_m hm {ZJw©U Agë`m_wi|
Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt nmn-nwÊ`, OÝ_-_¥Ë`y hr ^mZJS>M Zmht. AmË_ZmË_{ddoH$mZ|
`mà_mU| empãXH$ kmZ (namojkmZ) hmoV|. na§Vw AmnU AmË_ñdê$nM Amhm|, Ag|
àË`j AZw^dmbm `oÊ`mgmR>t åhUOo Anamoj kmZmgmR>t AmË_mZwg§YmZmÀ`m
Aä`mgmZ| AmË_ñdê$nmet VmXmËå` ìhmd| bmJV|. Am{U h| VmXmËå` ~mUb| åhUOo
H$iyZ `oV| H$s nmnnwÊ` `o_`mVZmŸ& ho {ZJw©Ut Vm| AgoZmŸ& AmnU Vmo{M Var
OÝ__aUmŸ& R>md H¡$MmŸ&& (Xm. 6-2-35) åhUyZ ""{Odm D$J_t OÝ_ Zmht
ñd^md|'' Ag| åhQ>b| Amho.
A§V…H$aUm§Vrb na_mËå`mM| O| à{Vq~~ Ë`mbm Ord Ag| åhUVmV.
CnmYr_wi| {Z_m©U Pmbob| à{Vq~~ dmñV{dH$ ImoQ>|M, na§Vw AkmZ`wŠV Ah§H$mam_wi|
V| Ia| dmQ>V| d OrdXem hr gË` ^mgVo. Vg| ^mgU| hmM g§gma hmo`. Amaem§Vrb
Amnb| à{Vq~~ ImoQ>|M, nU Vo Iè`mà_mU| dmQy>Z _Zwî` Ë`m§V Jw§JyZ OmVmo hmM
^«_.
ñdê$nkmZmZ| h| Ordê$nr à{Vq~~ _yi na_mË_ê$nr q~~m§V g_m{dï>
hmoV| d OrdXem Am{U Ë`m§V ^mgUma| OÝ__¥Ë`y ho AgË` hmoV, Ag| dmñVd
kmZ hmoV|. Imbrb Amoì`m§Zr hm AdKS> {df` gwb^ d ñnï> hmoB©b Ag| dmQ>V|.
Ed§ EH$ gV² V| q~~Ÿ& gV² Xwga| à{Vq~~Ÿ& gwIXw…I ^moJmb§~Ÿ& gV² Xwga|
V`mgrŸ& Adb§~moZr _rnUmŸ& à{Vq~~mË_m AmnUmŸ& ZoUmoZr gË`nUmÀ`m
IwUmŸ& _r OS> Xoh åhUVgoŸ&& Ë`mg ~§Y Vmo hmMŸ& H$s¨ Xoh AmnU
_mZr gmMŸ& Vo XohmË_Vm AmhmMŸ& gV² AgV² doJi| H$[aVm§Ÿ&& (`.
298 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 299

Xr. 332, 333, 334).
{Xgo bmoMZt V| Zg| H$ënH$moS>r Ÿ&
AH$ñ_mV AmH$mab| H$mi _moS>r Ÿ&
nwT>| gd© OmB©b H$m§ht Z amho Ÿ&
_Zm g§V AmZ§V emoYy{Z nmho Ÿ&&146Ÿ&&
{df`qMVZm_wi| _Zwî` {ddoH$^«ï> hmoVmo åhUyZ Ë`m§M| qMVZ gmoSy>Z _mZdmZ|
ñdñdê$n{dMma H$amdm åhUOo Ordmbm _wit OÝ_M Zmht, h| Ë`mbm H$iyZ `oB©b,
Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. na§Vw Ñí` OJ²V h|M _Zwî`mbm gË`ËdmZo ^mgV
Agë`m_wi| Vo ñdñdê$n{dMmambm à{V~§Y H$aV|. `mgmR>t Ñí` OJVmMr A{ZË`Vm
OmUyZ _mZdmZ| ko` Aem {ZË` ~«÷mMmM emoY KoD$Z ñdñdê$n AZw^dmd|, Ag|
`m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
O| O| H$mht S>moù`mg {XgV| V| V| H$mo{Q>H$ën H$mbn`ªV {Q>H$Uma| Zmht,
Ë`mMm Ho$ìhm§Var Zme hmoUmaM. AmH$mambm Ambobr dñVw Zme nmdUmaM. EImXr
dñVw ~è`mM H$mbn`ªV {Q>H$bobr {Xgbr Var Vr AIoa H$mbmÀ`m nmoQ>m§V JS>n
hmoUmaM. H$maU "O| CnOo V| Zmeo" hm {gÜXm§V Amho. OZr§ bmoMZt nmhVm§ {XgVm§
h| Ÿ& V`m Zme H$ënm§Var hmoV Amho Ÿ&& `V² Ñï>§ VÞï>§ Ÿ&& gd© g¥{ï> hm {ÌJwU d
n§M_hm^yV| `m Aï>Ym àH¥$VrMm Ioi AgyZ Ë`mbmM Ñí` Ag| åhUVmV. h| Ñí`
Zmed§V Amho, Ag| doXlwVrM| gm§JU| Amho. n§M^yV| Am{U {ÌJwU Ÿ& Eogr Aï>Ym
àH¥$Vr OmUŸ& Aï>Ym àH¥$Vrg Zm_m{^YmZŸ& Ñí` Eog|Ÿ&& V| h| Ñí` Zm{gd§V Ÿ&
Eog| doX lw{V ~mobV Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-2-14, 15)
`mgmR>t ho _Zm, A{dZm{e Vmo H$moU AmYt nhmdm Ÿ& Iam Xod Vmo
AmXa| AmoiImdm Ÿ&& Or emœV dñVw Amho {VMm emoY Ko. Vr {XgV Zgbr Var
{ddoH$mZo§ emoY KoD$Z g‚mZm§Zt {VMm AZw^d KoVbobm Amho. Aer dñVw åhUOo
{ZJw©U ~«÷ emœV Ÿ& OmUVr kmZr Ÿ&& (15) V| emœV ~«÷ OmUë`mZo Amnbo§
V|M ñdê$n Amho `mMm Ordmbm AZw^d `oVmo. d Ë`m_wi| Vmo {Z^©` hmoD$Z OÝ__aU
na§naoVyZ gwQ>Vmo. åhUyZ - _Zm g§V AmZ§V emoYy{Z nmho.
h| eodQ>M| MaU Agboë`m nm§M ûcmoH$m§À`m JQ>m§Vrb hm n{hbm
ûcmoH$ Amho. `m nm§M ûcmoH$m§V ko` Ag| O| ~«÷ Ë`mÀ`m ñdê$nmg§~§Yt {dMma
Amho. àË`j Ñï>rbm {XgUmè`m Ñí` g¥ï>rbm{h ~mOybm gmê$Z h| g§V AmZ§V ~«÷
OmUmd| Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V åhQ>bo§ Amho. åhUyZ `m g§V AmZ§VmMm {dMma nmhÿ§.
g§V åhUOo gË`, {ÌH$mbt ~m{YV Z hmoUma|, g¥ï>rÀ`m Am{X, _Ü` d
A§Vr emœV AgUma|, {ZË`, Á`mMm A^md Zmht Ag|. AmZ§V åhUOo AZ§V.
XoeV:, H$mbV: dñVwV: O| _`m©{XV hmoV Zmht V|. ûcmoH$ 136 nmhm. A§V{M Zmht
V| AZ§V Ÿ& emœV Am{U gXmo{XV Ÿ& Ag§V Zìho V| g§V Ÿ& gd©H$mi Ÿ&& (Xm.
17-2-2) kmZ åhUOo OS>{dbjU. gË`§kmZ_Z§V_² ~«÷ Ÿ&& Aer lw{V AgyZ
O| gË`, kmZ d AZ§V ~«÷ V|M nma_m{W©H$ VÎd Amho. h| lwË`wº$ ~«÷bjU
AmËå`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt{h Amho. gd© {df`m§Mm ^moº$m d gd© gmjr `m ê$nmZ| Ë`mM|
gmjmV² ^mZ àË`oH$mbm hmoV AgV|. Vmo H$iVmo nar {XgoZm Ÿ& àMrV `oVo nar
^mgoZm Ÿ& earat Ago nar dgoZm Ÿ& `oH|$ R>mB© Ÿ&& (Xm. 10-10-37)
ewÜX na~«÷mÀ`m {RH$mUt M§MbËd Zmht V| {Züb Amho. nU Aï>Ym
àH¥$VrÀ`m CnmYr_wi| Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt M§MbËd ^mgy bmJb| H$s¨ V| B©ída, AmË_m,
A§VamË_m, OrdmË_m BË`m{X Zm§dmbm nmÌ hmoV|. Eog| H$m§ht`oH$ AM§Mi Ÿ& Vo§
AM§Mir ^mgo M§Mi Ÿ& Ë`mg Zm_|{h nwîH$i Ÿ& {Ì{dYm àH$ma| Ÿ&& (Xm. 10-
10-5) CnmYret VmXmËå` Pmb| H$s¨ ~«÷M B©œaËdmbm àmá hmoVo§, ewÜX gÎdàYmZ
àH¥$VrÀ`m åhUOo _m`oÀ`m CnmYr_wi| ~«÷ B©ûda, A§VamË_m, {Z`§Vm gd©k BË`m{X
g§km nmdV| Am{U _{bZgÎdàYmZ CnmYt_wi| OrdmË_m, Aënk BË`m{X g§km
nmdV|.
VmËn`©, Ordm{df`t {dMma H$ê$ bmJbo H$s¨ OJmMm {dMma nwT>| `oVmo.
OJmMm {dMma Ambm H$s¨ OJH$Ë`m© B©œamMm Am{U B©œa{gÜXrgmR>t Aï>Ym àH¥$VrMm
qH$dm _m`oMm Aml` H$amdm bmJVmo. OoW| àH¥$VrM| {ng|Ÿ & g_yi dmdmo Ÿ&& Ag|
àH¥$VrnbrH$S>rb Amnb| ewÜX ~«÷ñdê$n Oa Ordmbm OmUmd`mM| Agob Va
àH¥$Vt_wio CËnÞ Pmboë`m `m _{bZ d ewÜX CnmYr Xya H$aÊ`mMm CnX²ì`mn _ZmZ|
Ho$bmM nm{hOo. Ë`m{edm` JË`§Va Zmhr§. ^JdmZ AOw©Zmbm åhUVmV, ""AmH$mê$
OoW gao Ÿ& OrdËd OoW {dao Ÿ& ìX¡V OoW Zwao Ÿ& AÕ` O| Ÿ&& V| na_ VÎd nmWm©Ÿ
& hmoVr Vo gd©Wm Ÿ& O| AmË_mZmË_ì`dñWm-Ÿ& amOh§gw Ÿ&&'' (km. 13-
1141,42) åhUyZ _Zm g§V AmZ§V emoYy{Z nmho.
300 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 301

\w$Q>oZm VwQ>oZm MioZm T>ioZm Ÿ&
gXm g§Mb| _rnU| V| H$ioZm Ÿ&
V`m `oH$mê$nm{g XwO| Z gmho Ÿ&
_Zm g§V AmZ§V emoYy{Z nmho Ÿ&&147Ÿ&&
gd© Ñí` AÑí` g¥[ï> Zída Agë`m_wi| {Vbm {dMmamZ| Xya H$ê$Z {VMm
AmYma Agboë`m ñWb, H$mb, dñVw BË`m{XH$m§Zt _`m©{XV Z hmoUmè`m Aem
gË` emœV dñVyMm emoY KoD$Z {VMm AZw^d Ko, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|.
Ë`m emœV ~«÷mMr H$mht bjU| gm§JyZ Ah§H$ma åhUOo Xoh~wpÜX AgoVm|n`ªV Ë`mM|
AmH$bZ hmoV Zmht, Ag| `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
h| ~«÷ Ag| Amho H$s¨ Vo H$emZ|M \w$Q>V Zmht qH$dm VwQ>V Zmht. O| eó|
Vmo{S>Vm§ VwQ>oZm-Z¡Z§ {N>ÝXpÝV eñÌ{UŸ&& V| hmbV Zmht qH$dm MiV Zmht. Oo
dm`moMo{Z CS>oZmŸ& O| nS>oZm PS>oZm Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-2-16 d 17) nwT>| 177 ì`m
ûcmoH$m§V AgoM dU©Z Amho - \w$Q>oZm VwQ>oZm H$Xm XodamUm Ÿ&
V| {XgV Zgb| Var gXm g§Mb| åhUOo gd©Ì KZXmQ> ^ê$Z am{hb| Amho.
\w$Q>Umè`m, VwQ>Umè`m, MiUmè`m gd© dñVy§V V| Amho. Ë`m dñVw \w$Q>Vrb, VwQ>Vrb,
T>iVrb, nU h| gdm©Yma ~«÷ Og|À`m Vg| H$m`_M amhV|.
Z {XgUmè`m EImÚm dñVy§Mo Ho$bob| dU©Z Ia| H$emdê$Z Aer e§H$m `oU|
gmh{OH$ Amho. `mM| CÎma Ag| Amho H$s¨ ~«÷ {XgV Zgb| Var V| OmUVm§ `oVo.AmH$me
h| ~moQ>mZ| XmI{dVm `oV Zgb| d S>moù`m§g Z {Xgb| Var OmUVm§ `oV|. AZoH$
g‚mZm§Zr h| ~«÷ AZw^{db| Amho. BVH|$M Zìho Va Z {XgUmè`m `m dñVybm
OmUÊ`m§VM nwê$fmW© Amho, Ago§ g_W© åhUVmV. ""O| C_OoZm V| C_Omd| Ÿ& O|
{XgoZm V| nmhmd| Ÿ& O| H$ioZm V| OmUmd| Ÿ& {ddoH$~i| Ÿ&&'' (Xm. 6-2-22)
Om|n`ªV _rnUm åhUOo Xoh~w{Õ Amho Vmon`ªV hr dñVw gd©Ì H$m|XmQ>br Ago, Var
OmUVm `oV Zmht. AmË_mZmË_{ddoH$mZ| Xoh d Ë`m§Zm AZwgê$Z AgUmam Ah§H$ma `m
CnmYtMm eodQ> hmoVmo Voìhm§ `m dñVyMr OmUrd `oVo. Xoh~wÜXr_wi| OrdmË_m XohmEdT>m
_`m©{XV d Xohmà_mU| {dH$mar hmoD$Z amhVmo. Am{U AmË_~wÜXr_wi| Vmo ì`mnH$ d
{Z{d©H$mar ~«÷ hmoVmo. gd© CnmYtMm godQ> Ÿ& VoW| Zmht Ñí` IQ>nQ>Ÿ& {ZJw©U
~«÷ KZXmQ> Ÿ& gH$im§ R>mB© Ÿ&& (Xm. 14-9-11) VwH$mo~m Amnbm AZw^d gm§JVmV.
Amnwb| _aU nm{hb| å`m§ S>moim§ Ÿ& Vmo Pmbm gmohim AZwnå` Ÿ&&1Ÿ&& AmZ§X|
XmQ>bt {VÝht {Ì^wdZ| & gdm©Ë_H$nU| ^moJ Pmbm Ÿ&&2Ÿ&& EH$Xoer hmoVmo Ah§H$ma|
Am{Wbm Ÿ& Ë`mÀ`m Ë`mJ| Pmbm gwH$mi hm Ÿ&&3Ÿ&& {\$Q>bo gwVH$ OÝ__aUmM|
Ÿ&& (Jm. 1712)
""EH$_odm{ìXVt`§'' Ag| h| ~«÷ Agë`m_wi| Ë`mbm AÝ` H$moUË`m{h
CnmYrMm g§J ghZ hmoV Zmht. V| {Zénm{YH$ pìXVr`g§~§YeyÝ` Ag| Amho. åhUyZ
gd© CnmYtM| {ZagZ Pmë`m{edm` V| OmUVm§ `oV Zmht. Ë`mgmR>t VÐÿnM ìhmd|
bmJV|. g§J gmoS>dm Amnwbm Ÿ& _J nmhmd| V`mbm Ÿ&& (Xm.7-2-19) AmnU
åhUOo Var H$moU? AmnU åh{UOo _rnU Ÿ& _rnU åh{UOo OrdnU Ÿ& OrdnU
åh{UOo AkmZ Ÿ& g§J OS>bm Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-2-20) gdmªV _moR>r O~aXñV CnmYr
åhUOo AkmZm_wi| CËnÞ hmoUmar ""Ah§ Xohr'' hr ~w{Õ hmo`.hm _rnUm {ÌJwU
d¥ÎmtV gm§nS>ë`m_wi|M Ë`mbm OrdXem `oVo. `m _rnUmMm g§J gwQ>bm åhUOo
ñdñdê$nmMr OmUrd `oVo. dmam gwQ>bm åhUOo gw_wÐmM|M nmUr bmQ>mê$nmZ| {^Þg|
^mgV|. dmam Wm§~bm H$s¨ Ë`mM bmQ>m§M| g_wÐmet EoŠ` hmoV|. Vg| AkmZOÝ`
XohAh§H$mamÀ`m dmè`m_wi| CËnÞ Pmboë`m JwUd¥ÎmtÀ`m bmQ>m Wm§~ë`m åhUOo
Ord{edmM| EoŠ` hmoV|. ^JdmZ² AOw©Zmbm åhUVmV - Xohm{^_mZmMm dmam Ÿ&
AmVm§ dmOm| R>obm dram Ÿ& V¢ EoŠ` dr{MgmJam§ Ÿ& Ordoem§ h| Ÿ&& (km. 14-305)
åhUyZ _rnUm gmoSy>Z _Zm g§V AmZ§V emoYy{Z nmho.
{ZamH$ma AmYma ~«÷m{XH$m§Mm Ÿ&
O`m gm§JVm grUbr doXdmMm Ÿ&
{ddoH|$ VXmH$ma hmoD${Z amh| Ÿ&
_Zm g§V AmZ§V emoYy{Z nmh| Ÿ&&148Ÿ&&
~«÷ h| VwQ>Uma| \w$Q>Uma| ZgyZ gd© {R>H$mUt ^abob| Amho. nU Ë`mbm ìX¡V
ghO hmoV Zgë`m_wi| Ah§H$ma gmoSy>Z Ë`mMm emoY Ko, Ago _Zmbm _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVb|. V| ~«÷ gdm©Yma d AdU©Zr` AgyZ {ddoH$mZ| VÐÿn hmoD$ZM V| AZw^{dVm§
`oV|, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
`m ~«÷mbm AmH$ma Zmht. {ZamH$ma åh{UOo AmH$ma Zmht Ÿ&& Ë`mbm
302 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 303

H$moUmMm AmYma Zmht nU V| _mÌ _m`meº$sZ| gd© ~«÷mS>m§Mm AmYma Amho.
~«÷m{XH$mnmgyZ Vm| _eH$m§n`ªV AZ§V ~«÷mS>m§Mm V|M AmYma Amho. `m ~«÷mbm
g¥pîQ>CËn{ÎmH$mbt ~«÷Xod åhUVmV, pñW{VH$mbt ì`mnH$Ëdm_wi| {dîUw åhUVmV
d g§hmaH$mbt éÐ Ag| åhUVmV. VrZ JwU{h Ooìhm bmonyZ OmVmV ({ZY_© pñWVtV)
Voìhm§ H$mht Zmht Aem eyÝ`mdñW|V{h O| CaV| V| doXm{XH$m§Zr R>a{dbob| _hmeyÝ`
na~«÷ hmo`. Z^mM| eyÝ`Ëd {JiyZ Ÿ& JwUÌ`mV| ZwaD$Z Ÿ& V| eyÝ` V| _hmeyÝ` Ÿ&
lw{VdMZg§_V Ÿ&& ( km. 13-925)
Aem `m gdm©Yma ~«÷mM| dU©Z H$aVm§Zm doX{h WHy$Z Jobo. doXm§Zt
BVa dñVy§Mm Zo{V Zo{V eãXmZ| {ZfoY H$ê$Z Ë`mM| dU©Z Ho$b|. Z B{V Z B{V
åhUOo `mÀ`mhyZ Xwga| H$mhr§ Zmht d `mÀ`mhÿZ loð> H$m§hr Zmhr§.
Aem `m ~«åhmMm {ddoH$mZ| emoY KoD$Z VÐÿn hmoÊ`mZ|M Ë`mMm AZw^d
`oVmo. OrdmM| V|M ñdê$n Agë`m_wio§ Ë`mbm ~«÷met VÐÿn hmoVm§ `oV|.
{df_Y_m©À`m dñVw EH$ê$n hmoV ZmhtV. na~«÷ åh{UOo gH$im§naV|Ÿ& V`mg
nmh§Vm AmnU{M V|Ÿ&& (Xm. 9-1-29) na§Vw h| na~«÷ {ÌJwU d eyÝ`mdñWm
`m§À`mnbrH$S>o Agë`m_wi| {ddoH$mZo Vr Amobm§Sy>Z nbrH$S>o Omdo§ bmJV|. AmYr§
Ñí` gmo{S>b| Ÿ& _J gwÝ`Ëd Amobm§{S>bo Ÿ& _yi_m`onaV| Xo{Ib| Ÿ& na~«÷
Ÿ&& (Xm. 8-10-70) {ddoH$mZo Agm qnS>~«÷m§S>{Zamg hmoÊ`mgmR>t gVV
~«÷qMVZ Mmby§ R>odmd| bmJV|. h| qMVZ H$g| H$amd| h| AJXr gmoß`m ^mf§oV
lr. n§. n. dmgwXodZ§XgañdVr `m§Zr Amnë`m ""~«÷qMVZmV"" gm§{JVb| Amh|.
gmYH$mg Cn`moJ hmoÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZ| Ë`mMm WmoS>>Š`mV {dMma nmhÿ§.
dmñV{dH$ ~«÷ h| H$emM| H$maU{h Zmht d H$m`©{h Zmht.
V|M EH$ gd©Ì gdm©Yma AgyZ g¥[ï> hm Ë`mda ^mgUmam ^«_ hmo`, Agm
doXmÝV{gÜXmÝV Amho. `m Ñï>rZ| _hmamO åhUVmV, ""AkmZm_wi| ~«÷mnmgwZ
Ÿ& AmH$me Pmb| ~wX~wXmg_mZ Ÿ& dm`w Pmbm AmH$memnmgyZ Ÿ& dm`ynmgyZ
VoO Pmb|Ÿ &&"" VoOmnmgyZ CXH , CXH$mnmgyZ n¥Ïdr, n¥ÏdrnmgyZ d«r{h`dm{XH$
h| gd© AkmZm_wi| CËnÞ Pmb|. `mà_mU| H$maUmVyZ H$m`© {Z_m©U hmoV|. O|
EH$mM| H$m`© V| Xwgè`mM| H$maU hmoD$Z g¥{ï> {Z_m©U hmoVo. g¥{ï>g§hmamÀ`m doit
H$m`© H$maUm§V Zmhtg| hmoV|. åhUO| n¥Ïdr CXH$m§V {daVo, CXH$ VoOm§V, VoO
dm`y§V, dm`w AmH$memV, AmH$me Aì`mH¥$V _m`|V d _m`m ewÜX ~«åhm§V {dê$Z
OmVo. Ë`m ~«÷mdm§MyZ AÝ` H$m§ht CaV Zmht. V|M Amnb| gË` ñdê$n hmo`
Agm {ddoH$ H$amdm. {ZË` {Z{d©H$ën {Z{d©H$ma& g{ƒXmZ§X Aì`` _r
na Ÿ& n§MH$moemVrV na_oœa Ÿ& AH$Vm©, A^moº$m, Ag§J _r Ÿ&& g¥{ï> hr
Mmby amhUmaM. na§Vw g¥{ï> AgVmZm§M Agm {ddoH$ H$ê$Z ewÜX ~«÷met VmXmËå`
nmdU| `mbm {ddoH$ài` Ag| åhUVmV. àH¥$Vr AñVm§ {ddoH$ H$sOoŸ& Ë`mg
{ddoH$ài`o ~mo{bOoŸ&& (Xm. 10-5-28) `mà_mU| {ddoH$`wº$ ~«÷qMVZmMm
Aä`mg Pmë`mg g_W© åhUVmV - OmU§Vm OmU§Vm OmUrd OmVo Ÿ& Amnbr
d¥{Îm VÐÿn hmoVo Ÿ& AmË_{ZdoXZ ^º$s Vo Ÿ& Eogr Amho Ÿ&& (Xm. 13-2-28)
åhUyZ, _Zm g§V AmZ§V emoYy{Z nmho.
OJt nmhVm§ M_©Mjt Z bjo Ÿ&
OJt nmhVm§ kmZMjt Z ajo Ÿ&
OJt nmhVm§ nmhU| OmV Amho Ÿ&
_Zm g§V AmZ§V emoYy{Z nmho Ÿ&&149Ÿ&&
{ZamH$ma, gdm©Yma ~«÷mM| dU©Z H$aVm§ `oV Zgë`m_wi| VÐÿn hmoD$ZM
V| OmUmd| bmJV|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. Og| V| dmUrZ| dU©Z H$aVm§
`oV Zmht, Vg§oM V| M_©Mjy§Zm qH$dm kmZMjy§Zm {XgÊ`mgmaI| Zgë`m_wi| nmhU|
~§X nSy>Z nmhUmam VÐÿnM hmoVmo, Ago§ `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
S>moù`mbm {XgUmar dñVw hr gJwU, gmH$ma Agmdr bmJVo. ~«÷ h| Oa
{ZJw©U, {ZamH$ma Amho Va V| M_©MjyZ| H$g| {Xgob? S>moù`mZ| V| nmhÿ§ OmUmam _yI©
R>aob. AñWrMm Xohr _m§gmMm S>moimŸ& nmhoZ åhUo ~«÷mMm JmoimŸ& Vmo kmVm
Zìho Am§YimŸ& Ho$di _yI©Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-8-46) åhUyZ S>moù`mZ| V| OJm§V nmhVm§
`oUma Zmhr§. _J V| kmZMjyZ| nmhVm§ `oB©b H$m? `mM| CÎma Vo Xwgè`m MaUm§V
XoVmV.
`m MaUmMm XmoZ àH$ma| nañna{damoYr AW© bm{dbm OmVmo d XmoÝhr{h
~mOy§Zr§ AmYma {_iVmV. Vo àH$ma Ago, (1) Z ajo åhUOo {Zarjo. M_©MjyZ| V|
{XgV Zgb| Var kmZMjyZ| V| OmUVm§ `oV|, kmZÑï>rM| XoIU| &
M_©Ñï>r nmhm| ZoUo Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-4-48) kmZÑï>rZ| V| OmUVm§ `oV| åhUyZ Va
~«÷kmZmMr Amdí`H$Vm d _hÎd. kmZmÀ`m Q>ßß`m§V `oV Zmht Ago H$m§ht
Zmht d kmZXod Vw H¡$dë`_² Agm {gÜXmÝV Amho. g§ñH¥$V ê$nm§VaH$mam§Zr Va
AgmM AW© Ho$bm Amho. OJË`m§ Vw `ÁkmZMjy{d©bmoŠ`§ Ÿ&& Xwgao H$moUr `mÀ`m
304 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 305

CbQ> AW© H$aVmV. (2) Z ajo åhUOo b{jV hmoV Zmhr§. dmÀ`mWm©Z| åhUOo
àË`j eãXmWm©Z| qH$dm bú`mWm©Z| åhUOo {dMmamZ| bjm§V `oUmè`m AWm©Zo Ë`mM|
kmZ Pmb| Var àË`j AZw^yVrÀ`m doit eãXmW© d bú`mW© ho XmoÝhr{h b§JS>o
nS>VmV d kmZ {XnyZ OmV|, gw`m©^m|dVtMm àH$me Ñï>rbm {Xgbm Var àË`j
gy`©Xe©ZmÀ`m doit S>moio {XnyZ {_Q>VmV. AerM pñW{V kmZÑï>rMr hmoVo. M_©Mjw
kmZMjwŸ& hm Vm| AdKmM nyd©njwŸ& {ZJw©U R>mBªMm AbjwŸ& bjdoZmŸ&&
(Xm. 13-2-16)
AZw^dmÀ`m doir§ ÐîQ>m, X¥í` d Xe©Z hr {ÌnwQ>rM g§^dV Zgë`m_wi|
~«÷ nmhmd`mg Joë`mg nmhU|M Zmhtg| hmoV| Ag| {Vgè`m MaUm§V åhUVmV, V|
nmhmd`mg Joë`mg nmhUonUmM Zmhtgm hmoVmo. Ðï>m Ðï>nU| Zwao Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-10-
16) {Za{IV {Za{IV (d¥{Îm) Jobr ao Ÿ& nmhVm VÝ_` Pmbr ao Ÿ&& Ñí`M H$m§ht
Zmht Va Ðï>m H$gm CaUma? AZw^{dUmè`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt AmnU V| AZw^drV Amhm|
`mM| ^mZ{h Zmhtg| hmoV| H$maU kmZ Var V|M, kmVm{h V|M d ko`{h V|M Am{U O|
AZw^dmbm `oVo V|hr V§oM. _J Vo|{M hmo` kmZŸ& kmVm ko` hZŸ& kmZ| J{_Oo
ñWmZŸ& V|hr V|{MŸ&& (km. 13-936)
gmam§e, VÐÿn Pmë`m{edm` ~«÷mZw^d Zmht. `mgmR>t H«$_mH«$_mZ| EH$
EH$ nm`ar MT>V Aä`mgmZ| d¥{Îma{hV AdñWobm nmohm|Mmdo§ bmJV|. Vmo H«$_ Agm
`oW| am{hbm dmÀ`m§e Ÿ& nmhmo{Z gm§{S>bm bú`m§e Ÿ& bú`m§emg[agm d¥{Îmboe
Ÿ& Vmohr Jobm Ÿ&& (Xm. 11-9-25) `m H«$_mä`mgmZ| _Zm, g§V AmZ§V emoYy[Z nmho.
Zgo nrV Zm œoV Zm em_ H$m§ht Ÿ&
Zgo ì`º$ Aì`º$ Zm Zri Zmht Ÿ&
åhUo Xmg {dídmgVm§ _w{º$ bmho Ÿ&
_Zm g§V AmZ§V emoYy{Z nmho Ÿ&&150Ÿ&&
~«÷ h| M_©MjyZ| qH$dm kmZMjyZ| nmhVm§ `oÊ`mOmoJ| ZgyZ
nmhmUmè`mbm Ooìhm§ ñdV:MmM {dga nSy>Z Vmo VÐÿn hmoVmo Voìhm§M V|
AZw^dmbm `oV|, Ag| _mJrb íbmoH$m§V gm§{JVbo§. V| ê$n d dU©a{hV
Agë`m_wi| {gÜXmÝV dmŠ`mda {dûdmg R>odyZM Ë`mMm emoY KoV Job| nm{hOo
Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
na~«÷ h| {ndi| Zmht, nm§T>a| Zmht, gmdi| qH$dm {Zi|{h Zmht. Ë`mbm
H$moUVmM dU© qH$dm a§J Zmht. V| gdmªnbrH$S>o Amho h| Xe©{dÊ`mgmR>t
Am{XË`dU©ñV_g: nañVmV² Ago Ë`mM| dU©Z Ho$bo OmV|. H$mio Zm {ndi| Zri|
Ÿ& Vm§~S>| Zm {hado Zìho Ÿ& dU©do{º$ V`m Zmht Ÿ& gXmo{XV{M g§Mb| Ÿ&& VmËn`©
ê$n, dU©, AmH$ma BË`m{X Zgë`m_wi| V| Ñï>rg nS>Uma| Zmht.
V| ì`º${h Zmht d Aì`º${h Zmht. V| ZmhtM åhUmd| Va {dœê$nmZ| V|
^mgV| Am{U {dœ V|M V|, Ag| åhUmd| Va O| {XgV| d ^mgV| Vr Zmed§V _m`m
hmo`. Oo Zmhr åhUmo OmB©Oo Ÿ& Vd {dœmH$ma Xo{IOo Ÿ& Am{U {dœ{M Eog|
åh{UOo & Var ho _m`m Ÿ&& ê$n dU© ì`º$s Ÿ& Zmht Ñí` Ðï>m pñW{V Ÿ& Var H$moU|
H¡$g| AmWr Ÿ& åhUmd| nm§ Ÿ&& (km. 13-868, 869) ~«÷ h| `mà_mU| AË`§V
ewÜX, A{Vgyú_ d AàË`j Ag| Agë`m_wi| ê$n, dU©, ì`{º$a{hV, {dbjU,
A{Zd©MZr` Ag| Amho. _J Aem {dbjU dñVyMm AZw^d Var H$gm `mdm? `mM|
CÎma {Vgè`m MaUm§V XoVmV.
g_W© åhUVmV H$s, ho {dbjU na~«÷ doXm§V d JwédmŠ`mda lÜXm
R>o{dë`mZo§M emo{YVm§ `oV| d _wº$ pñW{V àmá hmoVo. Xodmda {dœmg R>odyZ Á`mà_mU|
H$m§ht bmoH$ AgVmV Ë`mà_mU| Ordmo ~«÷¡d Zmna…Ÿ& Vy§ ñd`§ ~«÷M Amhog, `m
{gÜXmÝVdmŠ`mda ÑT> lÜXm R>odyZ gd© AZmË_ dñVy§Mm {Zamg H$[aVm§ H$[aVm§ Oo§
CaV| V|M ~«÷ hmo`. Xoh^mdZobm Yê$Z AgUmam Vmo _r ZgyZ XohmVrV Agm _r
Amho, Ag| AZw^dmbm `oU| hrM _w[º$ hmo`. gm§Sy>{Z ê$nZm_A{^YmZ Ÿ& ñ\w$ao O|
H$m§ CÜXdnU Ÿ& V| _O öX`ñWmM| ê$n OmU Ÿ& Ë`mgr Vwdm§ eaU [aKmd|Ÿ&&
(Zm. ^m. 12-264) {Zü`nyd©H$ Aer Or hr gË`~w{Õ VrM lÕm hmo` d Aer
lÕm hrM _wŠVrg H$maU Amho. Omo lÕmdmZ Agob Ë`mbmM _moj hm Mm¡Wm
nwéfmW© {gÕ hmoVmo. doXmda, Xodmda, Jwwéda, _§Ìmda, g§Vmda d Am¡fYmda Oer
lÕm Agob Vg| \$i {_iV|. doX h| B©œamM| dmŠ` AgyZ V| Ho$ìhm§{h A`WmW©
Zmht. Jwê${h B©œañdê$nM Amho åhUyZ doX d JwédmŠ`mda _w_wjyMr lÕm nm{hOo.
_w»` gpÀN>î`mM| bjUŸ& gX²JwédMZt {dœmg nyU©Ÿ&& (Xm. 5-3-19)
~«÷ h| AË`§V gyú_ na_mW©VÎd lwVrZ| gm§{JVb| Amh|. V| J«hU
H$aÊ`mg H$R>rU Agë`m_wi| lÕñd gmoå` Ag| doXmZ| gm§{JVb| Amho. Omo
lÕmhrZ AgVmo Ë`mMr gmYZmH$S>o àd¥{Îm hmoV Zmht d Omo àd¥{ÎmeyÝ` Amho
306 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 307

Ë`mbm gmÜ` {gÕ hmoV Zmht. åhUyZ doXm§V d JwédmŠ`m§da lÕm R>odyZ _Zm, g§V
AmZ§V emoYy{Z nmho.
~a| emo{YVm§ emo{YVm§ emo{YVmho Ÿ&
_Zm ~mo{YVm§ ~mo{YVm§ ~moYVmho Ÿ&
nar gd© hr g‚mZmMo{Z `moJ| Ÿ&
~am {ZíM`mo nm{dOo gmZwamJ| Ÿ&&151Ÿ&&
~«÷ h| dU©, ì`{ŠVa{hV Agë`m_wi| V| B§{Ð`JmoMa Zmht. åhUyZ
JwédoXmÝVdmŠ`m§da {dœmg R>odyZM Ë`mMm emoY KoVbm nm{hOo, Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVb|. Ë`mM| kmZ H$g| hmoV OmV| `mMm gmYZ{dMma d Ë`mgmR>t gËg§JmMr
Amdí`H$Vm `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
~a| åhUOo AmñWoZ| qH$dm H$idirZ|. Ë`m ko` dñVyMm AmñWoZo `mo½`
àH$ma| {dMma H$arV Joë`mg åhUOo à{VHy$b {dMma Xya gmê$Z AZwHy$b Ago {dMma
_Zm§V R>gdrV Joë`mg Ë`mM| empãXH$ kmZ hmoV|. AmË_m H$moU, AZmË_m H$moU,
qnS>m§V {ZË` H$m` d A{ZË` H$m`, ~«÷m§S>m§V gma H$moUVo d Agma H$moUV| `mMm
{dMma H$[aVm§ H$[aVm§ ~«÷kmZ hmoV|. na§Vw h| kmZ PQ>{Xer, VS>H$m\$S>H$s hmoÊ`mOmoJ|
Zmhr. Vo H«$_mH«$_mZ| hmoV OmV|. Am¡fY KoVb| H$s¨ bJoM amoJ OmV Zmht. O_rZ
CÎm_ Agbr, nmUr{h {dnwb Agb| d ewÕ ~rOmMr noaUr{h doioda Pmbr Var
àË`j \$b hmVt nS>on`ªV Wm§~md| bmJV|M. Vg|M ~«÷kmZ{h H«$_mH«$_mZ| hmoD$Z
AZw^dmMr `mo½`Vm hiyhiy àmá hmoVo. VwH$m åhUo VoW| Z Mbo VmVS>rŸ& àmá H$mi
KS>r Amë`mdrUŸ&& Ë`mgmR>t B§{Ð`O`, {df`d¡am½`, Vrd« _w_wjm ht Va Agmdt
bmJVmVM nU Ë`m{edm` ldU, _ZZ, {Z{XÜ`mg d VËd§nXemoYZ BË`m{X{h
KS>md| bmJV|. `m gmYZÛmam _Zmbm hiyhiy AmË_~moY hmoV OmVmo.
nU h| gd© `mo½` àH$ma| hmoÊ`mgmR>t gËg§JmMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. Yw§{S>Vm§
Yw§{S>Vm§ XodmoŸ& gËg§J| gm§nS>o OZtŸ& EImÚm àmn§{MH$ nmoQ>^ê$ H$b|V nma§JV
ìhmd`mM| Pmë`mg Oa H$moUr Var _mJ©Xe©H$ Jwé bmJVmo, Va gyú_ Aem H$ënZmVrV
dñVyMm AZw^d ¿`md`mMm Pmë`mg _mJ©Xe©H Jwé ZH$mo H$m§ ? åhUyZ emoY d ~moY
ho XmoÝhr g‚mZg§JVtV hmoVmV, Ag| {Vgè`m MaUm§V åhUVmV. O| H$emZ|{h
gmYUma Zmht V| gËg§JmZ| KSy>Z `oV|. gyú_ Aem AmË_{ddoH$mMr gd` gËg§JmZo
bmJVo. H¥$nmXmZ Ho$b| g§VtŸ& H$ënm§Vt{h gaoZmŸ&& VwH$m åhUo g§VgodmŸ& hm{M
R>odm CÎm_Ÿ&&
~am {Zü`mo åhUOo emœV ~«÷mMm {Zü` ""~am {Zü`mo emœVmMm H$amdm''
Ag| nwT>| 167 ì`m ûcmoH$m§V åhQ>b| Amho. gmZwamJ| åhUOo ào_mZ| qH$dm AZwJ«hmZ|.
g‚mZm§Mr g§JV Ooìhm§ bm^Vo Voìhm§ Ë`m§À`m H¥$noZ| gd© g§Xoh Zï> hmoD$Z na~«÷mÀ`m
{R>H$mUt ~wÕrMm {Zü` hmoVmo. AmdS>rZo Ho$boë`m godoZ| g‚mZ gX²Jwé g§Vwï> hmoVmo d
"hm _mPm,' Agm Ë`m§Zt ào_mZ| ñdrH$ma Ho$bm H$s¨ Ë`m {eî`mMm CÕma hmoVmo.
kmZmo~m åhUVmV H$s¨ OJXremÀ`m _Zm§V ^yH$ {ZdmaU H$aÊ`mM| Amb| H$s¨ AYUm§V
dmiy KmVbr Var {VMm g§wXa ^mV hmoVmo. Ë`mà_mU| JwéMm AZwJ«h Pmbm åhUOo
Jwê$Zo {eî`mMm A§JrH$ma Ho$bm H$s¨ Ë`mMm g§gmaM _moj_` hmoD$Z OmVmo. AmYUt
KmV{b`m haiŸ& hmoVr A_¥VmMo Vm§XwiŸ& Oar ^wHo$Mr amIo doiŸ& OJÞmWwŸ&&
V`mnar lrJwéŸ& H$[a{V O¢ Am§JrH$mê$Ÿ& V¢ hmoD$Zr R>mHo$ g§gmê$Ÿ& _moj_`
AmKdmŸ&& (km. 15-23-24) Agm hm g‚mZg§JVrMm à^md Amho. EH$m_odm{ÛVr`§
~«÷ `m {gÕmÝV dmŠ`mMm emoY d ~moY KoD$Z V| AZw^dmd`mM| Agob Va gX²JwéH¥$nm
hrM {H$ëbr hmo` Ag| g_W© åhUVmV. _m¡ë`dmZ² dñVy§Zr ^m§S>maJ¥h ^abob| Agb|
d Ë`mMr {H$„r hñVJV Pmë`mg Ë`m§Vrb gd© dñVy§Mr àm{á hmoVo, Vg|M na_mWmªV
Amho. gX²JwéH¥$nm Vo{M {H$brŸ& OoU| ~w{Õ àH$mebrŸ& Û¡V H$nmQ>| CKS>btŸ&
`oH$gatŸ&& (Xm. 7-2-15)
~hÿVm§nar Hy$gar VËdPmS>m Ÿ&
nar A§Vat nm{hOo Vmo {ZdmS>m Ÿ&
_Zm gma gmMma V| doJi| ao Ÿ&
g_ñVm§_Y| `oH$ V| AmJi| ao Ÿ&&152Ÿ&&
gyú_ Aem na~«÷mMm emoY d ~moY g‚mZm§À`m g§JVtV Ë`m§À`m
AZwJ«hmZ| hmoVmo, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. gËg§JM H$emg nm{hOo
? ñdV:À`m ~w{ÕMmVw`mªZo qH$dm ldUm§Vrb dmŠMmVw`m©Z| Ë`m gyú_
dñVy§M| AmH$bZ H$m§ hmoD$ Z`o? `mM| CÎma ûcmoH$m§V XoVmV. Hy$gar åhUOo
MmVw`©. _Zwî`m§À`m {R>H$mUt ~w{Õ MmVw`© qH$dm dmŠMmVw`© Ag| gd© Ñï>tZo
{H$Vrhr H$m¡eë` Agb|, AZoH$ VÎdm§Mo AmH$bZ hmoD$Z Ë`m§M| à{VnmXZ{h CÎm_
308 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 309

àH$ma| Oar H$[aVm§ Amb| Var gmW©H$Vm Pmbr Ag| Zmht; H$maU ~«÷VÎd h|
""~mobm ~w{Õgr AQ>H$'' Ag| VÎd Amho. V| dmMobm d ~w{Õbm AJå` Agë`m_wio
BVa gd© VÎdm§Mm PmS>m åhUOo {ZfoY H$ê$ZM Ë`m§Mo AZw^dmM| kmZ ìhmd| bmJV|.
Ho$di VÎdm§Mm empãXH$ CbJS>m H$aU| åhUOo H$U ~mOybm R>odyZ ^yg H$m§S>Ê`mgmaIo
hmo`. VwH$mo~m åhUVmV, ""KamoKar gm§JVr kmZŸ& ^yg erU H$m§{S>VrŸ&&'' àW_
~wÕrZ| BVa gd© VÎdm§Mm {ZfoY Pmbm nm{hOo. Ë`mZ§Va _Ü`| `oV| eyÝ`. nU eyÝ`
Zmht `mMm {ZdmS>m hmoD$Z ~«÷ Amho, V| emœV Amho, Agm ~wÕrMm {Zü` Pmbm
nm{hOo. BH$S>o Ñí` {VH$S>o XodŸ& _Ü`| gwÝ`ËdmMm R>mdŸ& V`mg _§X~w{ÕñVdŸ&
àmUr ~«÷ åhUoŸ&& (Xm. 8-10-66) åhUyZ eyÝ`m§V Z nS>Vm§ V| Amobm§Sy>Z
eyÝ`mnbrH$S>o eyÝ`Ëd OmUUmam CaVmoM, `mMm {Zü` Pmbm nm{hOo.
gma åhUOo VÎd, gmMma åhUO| Ia|, AmJi| åhUOo {dbjU, Am¡a,
gdmªhÿZ doJi| Ag| EH$_odm{ÛVr`_². ho _Zm, ~«÷VÎd h| EH$M Iao VÎd AgyZ
V| gd©Ì gdmªhÿZ doJi| A{bá Ag| Am¡a VÎd Amho, h| na~«÷ emœV Agë`m_wi|
gË` Amho. Ë`mÀ`mgmaIr Xwgar dñVw Zgë`m_wi| V| gdmªhÿZ {dbjU Amho d
Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUtM OJmMr CËn{Îm, pñW{V d b` ^mg_mZ hmoV Agë`m_wi| V|
gd©loð> Amho. n§M^yVt Ago {_{lVŸ& na§Vw V| n§M^yVmVrVŸ& n§H$s¨ AmH$me
A{báŸ& Agmo{Z O¡g|Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-4-20) Ë`m dñVynwT>| VwP| MmVw`©, VÎdPmS>m
H$m§htM Zmht. na~«÷mgm[aI| Xwga| H$m§htM Zgë`m_wi| Ñï>mÝV XoVm `oV Zmht.
g_OwVrgmR>t Ñï>mÝV Úmd`mMm Pmë`mg EH$m AmH$memMmM Ñï>mÝV XoVm§ `oB©b.
åhUyZM lwVrZ| "I§~«÷' d ñ_¥VrZ| "JJZgÑe§' Ag| åhQ>b| Amho. AmH$memÀ`m
{R>H$mUt Agbobm eyÝ`Îd hm JwU Oa ~mOybm Ho$bm Va AmH$me h|M ~«÷ åhUVm
`oB©b. H$m{i_m ZgVm§ {nViŸ& _J V| gmoZ|{M Ho$diŸ& gwÝ`Ëd ZgVm§ {ZdiŸ&
AmH$me ~«÷Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-4-23)
Ag| Zm_ê$nm§V AgyZ Zm_ê$nmVrV Agbob| h| gyú_ ~«÷ ho _Zm,
~w{ÕMmVw`m©Z| OmUVm§ `oV Zmht.
Zìho qnS>kmZ| Zìho VÎdkmZ|Ÿ&
g_mYmZ H$m§ht Zìho VmZ_mZ|Ÿ&
Zìho `moJ`mJ| Zìho ^moJË`mJ|Ÿ&
g_mYmZ V| g‚mZmMo{Z `moJ|Ÿ&&153Ÿ&&
_Zwî`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt ~w{ÕH$m¡eë` {H$Vr{h Agb| d MmVw`m©Z| Ë`mbm
VËd {ddoMZ {H$Vr{h H$[aVm§ Amb| Var na~«÷ h| gdmªV AgyZ gdmªhÿZ doJi| Ag|
{dbjU VÎd Agë`m_wi| Ë`mMm {Zü` Pmë`m{edm` gmW©H$Vm Zmht, Ag| _mJrb
ûcmoH$m§V _Zmbm gm§{JVb|. hmM ^md `m ûcmoH$m§V ñnï> H$ê$Z g‚mZmÀ`m
_mJ©Xe©Zm{edm` AmË_mZw^dmM| g_mYmZ àmá hmoV Zmht, Ag| 151 ûcmoH$mà_mU|,
`m ûcmoH$m§V{h nwÝhm§ gm§JVmV.
qnS>kmZ åhUOo earag§~§YtMo kmZ. VÎdkmZ åhUOo n§M^m¡{VH$ _m{`H$
kmZ. `m§V n§M^yVm§nmgyZ Vm| _hÎmÎdmn`ªV gd© VÎdm§Mm A§V^m©d hmoVmo. VmZ_mZ
åhUOo Jm`Zm{X H$bm§Mo kmZ. `moJ åhUOo Aï>m§J`moJ, `_, {Z`_, AmgZ,
àmUm`_m{X. `mJ åhUOo `km{X H$_©. ^moJË`mJ åhUOo àmá Pmboë`m gwImon^moJmMm
Ë`mJ, ~mø d¡am½`. g_mYmZ åhUOo g_m{Y qH$dm ñdê$nmH$ma d¥{Îm, VXmH$maVm.
earakmZmZ|, g¥{ï> kmZmZ|, àmn§{MH$ kmZmZ|, Jm`ZmZ|, `moJkmZmZ|
`k`mJm{X H$_©kmZmZ|, gwImon^moJË`mJmZ|, BË`m{X H$emZ|{h {MaH$mb pñWa Ag|
g_mYmZ àmá hmoV Zmht. `mMm AW© qnS>kmZm{X darb Jmoï>r ZH$moV Agm. Zìho
àmn§{MH$ ñdmñÏ`mbm qH$dm earaYmaUobm darb Jmoï>tMo kmZ Amdí`H$M Amho.
na§Vw _moj hm Mm¡Wm nwéfmW© Oa {gÕ H$aÊ`mMm Agob Va Ë`mgmR>t AmË_kmZmMrM
Amdí`H$Vm Amho. åhUyZ g_W© AmË_kmZmbmM kmZ Ag| åhUVmV d BVa àmn§{MH$
kmZmbm H$bmH$m¡eë` Ag| åhUVmV. kmZmM| bjU gm§JVm§Zm Vo åhUVmV - ""kmZ
åhUOo AmË_kmZŸ&& (Xm. 5-6-1) OoW| Ñí` àH¥${V gaoŸ& n§M^y{VH$ dmogaoŸ&
g_yi Û¡V {ZdmaoŸ& `m Zm§d kmZŸ&&'' (Xm.5-6-3) `moJ hm _mojÑîQ>çm CnH$maH$
Amho. na§Vw Vmo EImÚm {gÕrgmR>t Pmë`mg hm{ZH$maH$ R>aVmo. Vmo nma_m{W©H$
Ñï>rZ|M ìhmd`mg nm{hOo.
`m ûcmoH$m§V g_mYmZ hm eãX \$ma _hÎdmMm Amho. àm§n{MH$
Jm`ZH$bm{XH$m§Zr g_mYmZ àmá hmoV Zmht Ag| Zmht, V| hmoV|, na§Vw V|
j{UH$ AgV|. `moJg_mYrZ|{h g_mYmZ àmá hmoVo. na§Vw ì`wËWmZmZ§Va V|
H$m`_ am{hbM Ag| Zmht. H$moUË`m{h n[apñWVtV {MÎmmMr àgÞVm Ooìhm§
{ñWa amhVo Voìhm§M Ë`mbm AI§S> g_m{Y qH$dm na_g_m{Y åhUVmV.
g_mYmZ hm eãX {MÎmmMr AI§S> àgÞVm `m AWm©Z| `oW| A{^àoV Amho.
{Ma§VZ ko` Ag| O| ~«÷ Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt ~wÕrbm pñWa H$aU| åhUO|
310 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 311

g_mYmZ hmo`. ZmW åhUVmV, ""`mbmJt g_m{Y Am{U ì`wËWmZŸ& `m XmoÝhr
AdñWm§g{hV OmUŸ& ~wÕr hmo` ~«÷mn©UŸ& AI§S>Ëd| nyU© na_g_m{YŸ&&''
(Zm. ^m.2-431) Aer AI§S> g_mYmZmMr ~w{Õ g‚mZg§JVtV {_iUmè`m
~«÷kmZmZ|M àmá hmoVo. gH$i H$_v g_mYrŸ& ho{M gX²Jwê$Mr ~moYr ~wÕrŸ&&
(424) H$moUVr{h Jmoï> ZrQ> H$ië`m{edm` H¥$VtV CVaV Zmht. g‚mZg§JVr§V
àW_ ldU KS>V|. ldUm_wi| gmYH$mMr ~w{Õ hiyhiy ewÕ hmoD$Z AmnU H$moU `m
ñdê$nmM| kmZ hmoD$Z AÛ¡V ~moY hmoVmo. `m ~moYmZ§Va Aä`mgmZ| ñdê$nmH$ma d¥{Îm
hmoVo. gËg§Jmdar ldUŸ& VoU| H$io {Zê$nUŸ& ldU| hmoBOo AmnUŸ& VXmH$maŸ&&
(Xm. 7-8-9)
_hmdmŠ` VÎdm{XH|$ n§{MH$UªoŸ&
IwUo nm{dOo g§Vg§Jo {ddU©oŸ&
{ÛVr`o{g g§Ho$V Omo Xm{dOoVmoŸ&
V`m gm§SwZr M§Ð_m ^m{dOoVmoŸ&&154Ÿ&&
earakmZ, VÎdmM| kmZ, Jm`Zm{X H$bm, `moJ - `mJ BË`m{XH$m§Zt Z
àmá hmoUmao§ {MÎmmM| g_mYmZ g‚mZg§JVrZ| {_iV|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|.
`m ûcmoH$m§V g‚mZm§Mr CnXoenÕV H$em àH$maMr AgVo h| gm§JVmV.
g‚mZm§À`m _wIm§VyZ VÎd_ñ`m{X _hmdmŠ`m§Mm CnXoe EoH$md`mg {_iVmo.
Mma Xohm§Mr ã`mE|er VÎd| Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z H$iVmV. gyú_ n§M_hm^yV| EH$_oH$m§V
{_giyZ Ë`m§M| _rbZ H$g| hmoV| `m n§MrH$aUmM| {ddoMZ Vo H$[aVmV. h| gd© EoHy$Z
gd© VÎdm§Zm AmYma^yV Agbob| O| ~«÷ Ë`mMr IyU nQ>Vo, åhUOo Ë`m§Mo Ho$di
{X½Xe©Z hmoV|. gd© Zmed§V nXmWmªnbrH$S>o {Ma§VZ Aer hr dñVw Amho d V|M
Amnb| ñdén Amho, h| H$iyZ `oV|. ~«÷ hm H$m§ht EImXm nXmW© Zmht H$s§ Omo MQ>H$Z
hmVm§V XoVm§ `oB©b. Vmo EH$ AZw^d Amho d Vmo Á`mMm Ë`mZ|M KoVbm nm{hOo. nU
hm AZw^d H$gm ¿`mdm `mMm g§Ho$V åhUOo {Zü` hm gX²JwéH$Sy>ZM hmoVmo. nXmWm©Eog|
~«÷ ZìhoŸ& _m V| hmVt Yê$Z Úmd|Ÿ& Agmo h| AZw^dmd|Ÿ& gX²Jwé_wI|Ÿ&& (Xm.
7-3-52) hm {Zü` IwUoZ| H$gm hmoVmo ho g_OÊ`mgmR>t emImM§ÐÝ`m`mMm Ñï>mÝV
{Xbm Amho. Ü`o`mbm AZwbjyZ g§dmX Z Pmë`mg Vmo dmXmbm H$maU hmoVmo, Ag|
{ddoMZ ûcmoH$ 112 _Ü`| emImM§ÐÝ`m`mZ| Ho$b| Amho. `oW| Ü`o`mbm AZwbjyZ
g‚mZ Ë`mMr IyU H$er nQ>dyZ XoVmV h| Ë`mM emImM§ÐÝ`m`mZ|M gm§Jmd`mM|
Amho.
AJXr gyú_ H$moa Agbobm Agm ewÕ {ÛVr`oMm M§Ð {XgV Zmht. Vmo
Á`mZ| nm{hbobm AgVmo Vmo Z nm{hboë`mg PmS>mÀ`m {dd{jV \$m§XrMr IyU XmIdyZ
Ë`m {XeoZ| nmhmd`mg gm§JVmo, Ë`m IwUoÀ`m {XeoZ| nm{hb| H$s¨ M§ÐH$moa {XgVo.
M§ÐXe©ZmZ§Va Vmo IwUoMr \$m§Xr gmoSy>Z XoVmo d M§ÐM nmhmV amhVmo. Ag|M g‚mZm§À`m
{ddoMZldUmZ| KS>V|. na~«÷ hm M§Ð, _hmdmŠ` hr \$m§Xr, _w_wjw hm M§Ð nmhÊ`mMr
BÀN>m H$aUmam d g‚mZ gX²Jwé ho Á`mZ| AmYtM M§Ð nm{hbobm AgVmo Vmo.
ho ûcmoH$mM| {ddaU Pmb|. VÎd| d n§MrH$aU `m§Mm C„oI nydu Pmbm
Amho. `oW| emImM§ÐÑï>mÝVm§V _hmdmŠ` h| IyU åhUyZ emIoÀ`m {R>H$mUt g_Omd|
Ag|{h gm§{JVb|; na§Vw `m _hmdmŠ`mM| ñdê$n H$m` h| _w_wjy§g R>mD$H$ AgU| Oê$a
Amho, H$maU AmË_kmZmgmR>t _hmdmŠ`monXoe hm _hÎdmMm {df` AgyZ Ë`mM|
{ddaU h| _w»` kmZ Amho, Ag| g_W© åhUVm. _hmdmŠ`mM| {ddaUŸ& h| _w»`
kmZmM| bjUŸ& ewÕ bú`m§eo AmnUŸ& dñVyM AmhoŸ&& (Xm. 5-6-14) h| _w»`
kmZXmZ dmñV{dH$ ~«÷{Zð>, AZw^dr Aem gX²Jwê$H$Sy>ZM ìhmd`mg nm{hOo.
Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z gd© e§H$mM| {ZagZ hmoD$Z g§Xoha{hV Ag| kmZ àmá hmoV|. åhUyZ
_hmdmŠ`~moY åhUOo H$m` h| g_OÊ`mnwaVmM `oW| {dMma H$ê§$.
àË`oH$ doXmM| EH$ Aer Mma doXm§Mt Mma _hmdmŠ`| AmhoV. F$½doXàkmZ§
~«÷Ÿ&& `Owd©©oX - Ah§ ~«÷mpñ_Ÿ&& gm_doX - VÎd_{gŸ&& AWd©doX -
A`_mË_m ~«÷Ÿ&& Mmar{h _hmdmŠ`| ~«÷mË_¡Š` à{VnmXZ H$[aVmV, åhUOo Ord
hm ~«÷ñdénM Amho Agm ~moY H$[aVmV; na§Vw ñnï> dmŠ` åhUyZ VÎd_{g `m
gm_doXr` _hmdmŠ`mM| Zoh_t {ddaU Ho$b| OmV|. `mM| {ddaU H$aÊ`mnydu emñÌr`
eãXmZ| Jm|Yi hmoD§$ Z`o åhUyZ `m _hmdmŠ`mÀ`m CnXoem§Vrb ahñ` H$m`, h| àW_
nmhÿ§. eyÕ ~«÷ M¡VÝ`mbm ewÕ CnmYr_wi| B©œaËd `oV| d _{bZ CnmYr_wi| OrdËd
`oV| BVH|$M. B©œamMr _m`mhr ewÕ Cnm{Y d OrdmMr A{dÚm hr _{bZ Cnm{Y. `m
XmoÝhr{h Xya Pmë`m Va XmoKo{h ~«÷ê$nM. _hXmH$me h| EH$M, nU _R>mÀ`m CnmYr_wi|
V| _R>mH$me (B©œa) hmoV| Am{U KQ>mÀ`m CnmYr_wi| V|M KQ>mH$me (Ord) hmoV|.
312 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 313

KQ> d _R> CnmYr ~mOybm Pmë`m H$s¨ gd© _hXmH$meM. `m Ñï>mÝVmZ| _hmdmŠ`mW©
g_OU| gmono OmB©b.
`m _hmdmŠ`m§V VrZ nXo§ AmhoV. VV², Ëd_², Am{U A{g. {Zê$nm{YH$ d
Cnm{YZ| `wº$ Ago XmoZ àH$ma Agë`m_wi| VV², Ëd_² `m nXm§Mo XmoZ AW© AmhoV.
EH$ dmÀ`mW© d Xwgam bú`mW©. dmÀ`mW© åhUOo eãXmoƒma hmoVm§M bjm§V `oUmam
AW©. CXm. Jm_mZ` åhUOo Jm` AmU, hm AW© bJoM bjm§V `oVmo. hm dmŠ`m§Vrb
_w»` AW© AgVmo. bú`mW© åhUOo eãXmoƒma Pmë`mda{h dmŠ`m§V AW©`moOZm Z
Pmë`m_wi| Ë`mÀ`met g§~Õ Agm {dMmamZ| bjm§V `oUmam AÝ` AW©. CXm. Ag|
Ë`m PmS>mdê$Z Imbt Om, Agm nÎmm gm§{JVë`mg PmS> MTy>Z Imbt CVê$Z
Omd`mM| ZgV|, ~mOyZ| Omd`mM| AgV|, hm bú`mW© H$iÊ`mgmR>t VrZ bjU|
AmhoV, Vt Aet.
(1) Oh„jU - `m§V dmÀ`mWm©Mm g_yi Ë`mJ H$ê$Z bú`mW©
¿`mdm bmJVmo. CXm. J§Jm`m§ Kmof: à{Vdg{V. åhUOo J§JoV Jm¡idmS>m Amho.
J§Jmàdmhm§V dmS>m AgU| eŠ` Zmht, åhUyZ J§Jm `m nXmMm _w»` AW© Omo àdmh
Vmo gmoSy>Z XoD$Z Ë`mÀ`mer g§~§Y Agbob| O| Vra Ë`mM| J«hU H$amd| bmJV|. åhUOo
J§JmVramda Jm¡idmS>m Amho Agm dmŠ`mMm AW© hmoVmo. (2) AOh„jUm - `m§V
dmÀ`mW© Z gmoS>Vm§ bú`mW©{h ñdrH$mamdm bmJVmo. CXm. emoUmo Ymd{V åhUOo
Vm§~S>m YmdVmo. a§J YmdUo eŠ` Zmht. åhUyZ a§Jmet g§~§Y Amho Aem KmoS>çmM|
qH$dm ~¡bmM| nU J«hU H$amd| bmJV|. åhUOo Vm§~S>m KmoS>m Ym§dVmo Agm dmŠ`mMm
AW© hmoB©b. (3) OhXOh„jUm qH$dm ^mJË`mJbjUm - `m§V dmÀ`mWmªVrb
{déÕ ^mJmMm Ë`mJ H$ê$Z A{dê$Õ A§e bjm§V ¿`mdm bmJVmo. CXm. gmo@`§
XodXÎm:Ÿ& EHo$ H$mit amÁ` H$arV Agbobm XodXÎm amOm d¡am½`m_wi| ~¡amJr dofm§V
nmhÿZ Ë`mbm AmoiIyZ EH$ _Zwî` åhUVmo - VmoM hm XodXÎm. `oW| nyd©H$mb, nyd©Xoe,
amOgÎmm, Vg|M AmoiIë`m doiMm dV©_mZH$mi, {R>H$mU d ~¡amJr dof BË`m{X
nañna {déÕ Y_©ê$n dmÀ`mWm©Mm Ë`mJ H$ê$Z XodXÎmmÀ`m EH$_mÌ qnS>ñdê$n
bú`mM| J«hU Ho$b| nm{hOo, åhUO| {Zénm{YH$ XodXÎmmM| ñdê$n OmUb| OmV|.
_hmdmŠ`m§V `m {Vgè`m bjUoM| J«hU H$[aVmV. AmYt KoB©Oo dmÀ`m§eŸ& _J
dmoi{IOo bú`m§eŸ& bú`m§et nmhVm§ dmÀ`m§eŸ& Agob H¡$MmŸ&& (Xm. 9-2-
22) _hmdmŠ`m§V hr bjUm H$er bmJy nS>Vo V| nmhÿ§.
VËnX - ewÕ gÎdJwU _m`monmYrZ| `wº$ gd©k, gd©e{º$_mZ², A§V`m©_t,
OJmMr CËn{Îm, pñW{V d b` H$aUmam Agm Omo B©œa Vmo VËnnXmMm dmÀ`mW©
Amho. A{dZmer, AÛ`, {dewÕ Am{U ñdg§doÚ O| ~«÷ Vmo VËnXmMm bú`mW©
Amho.
Ëd_²nX - A{dÚoZ| åhUOo _{bZ gÎdJwUmZ| `wº$, XohY_u åhUOo _r
ñWyb, H¥$e BË`m{X _mZUmam, H$V¥©Ëd, ^moŠV¥ËdmMm A{^_mZr hm Ëd§nXmMm dmÀ`mW©
Amho. eara, B§{Ð`|, Ah§H$ma BË`m{XhÿZ {Zamim, {Zénm{YH$, gmjr, Hy$Q>ñW M¡VÝ`
hm Ëd§nXmMm bú`mW© Amho.
`m _hmdmŠ`m§V Oh„jUm g§^dV Zmht. H$maU `m bjUoZ| VÎd_² nXm§À`m
g_J« dmÀ`mWm©Mm Ë`mJ hmoB©b. `oW| VËnXmZ| B©eM¡VÝ` d Ëd_² nXmZ| OrdM¡VÝ`
Agm dmÀ`mW© Amho. B©e d OrdM¡VÝ`mMm Ë`mJ Ho$bm Va EoŠ` H$emM| hmoUma ?
_hmdmŠ`mZ| OmUÊ`mg `mo½` Ag| O| ewÕ M¡VÝ` Ë`mMm{h `m bjUoZ| Ë`mJ hmoD$Z
AZW© hmoB©b. åhUyZ hr bjUm J«hU H$[aVm§ `oV Zmht.
AOh„jU|V dmÀ`mW© Z gmoS>Vm§ bú`mW©{h J«hU H$amdm bmJVmo. `oW|
hr bjUm _m{Zbr Va dmÀ`mW© g§nyU© amhUma. AmVm VÎd_² nXm§À`m dmÀ`mWm©H$S>o
bj {Xë`mg Ord d B©œa `m§À`m§V ^oX {XgUmaM. Hw$R>| gd© e{º$_mZ B©œa d Hw$R>|
Aën e{º$_mZ Ord! XmoKm§M| EoŠ` H$g| ìhmd| ? ho dmÀ`mW© nañna {damoYr
Agë`m_wio§ EoŠ` {gÕ hmoUma Zmhr. åhUyZ hr bjUmgwÕm§ Ë`mÁ` R>aVo.
{Vgè`m OhXOh„jUoZ| h| EoŠ` {gÕ hmoV|. `m§V dmÀ`mWm©Mm Ë`mJ
H$ê$Z VËg§~§{YV bú`mWm©M| J«hU AgV|. gd©e{º$_mZ gd©k BË`m{X Y_©`wº$
VËnX dmŠ`m§V B©œaM¡VÝ` Amho. Vg|M Aëne{º$, Aënk, BË`m{X Y_©`wº$ Ëd_²nX
dmÀ`mW© OrdM¡VÝ` Amho. XmoÝhr {R>H$mUt M¡VÝ` EH$M Amho. na§Vw nañnam§Vrb
Cnm{YH¥$V Y_© {déÕ Agë`m_wi| EH$Ëd {gÕ hmoV Zmht. åhUyZ `m ^mJË`mJ
bjUoZ| nañna {déÕ Y_©ê$n dmÀ`mWm©Mm Ë`mJ Ho$bm åhUOo bú`mWm©Z| XmoÝhtH$S>o
{Zénm{YH$ M¡VÝ` amhV| d A{g nXmZ| Ë`m§M| EoŠ` gmYV|. `m bjUoZ| ~«÷mË_¡Š`
g_OyZ `oV Agë`m_wi| g_W© åhUVmV - ""h| bí`m§e| AZw^dU|Ÿ& `oW| Zmht
dmÀ`m§e ~mobU|Ÿ& _w»` AZw^dmMo IwU|Ÿ& dmMma§^ H¡$MmŸ&'' (Xm. 9-2-25)
_hmdmŠ`ê$n emIodê$Z g§V ho ~«÷M§ÐmMr {Xem XmI{dVmV. nU
314 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 315

_ZZ d Aä`mg `m XmoZ S>moù`m§Zr _w_wjyZ|M `mMm àË`` KoVbm nm{hOo. àË``mZ§Va
H$m` pñW{V hmoVo h| VwH$mo~m EH$m A^§Jm§V gm§JVmV - H$m§htM _r Zìho H$moUr `o
Jm§dtMmŸ& EH$bm R>m`tMm R>m`t EH$Ÿ&&1Ÿ&& Zmht Amåhm§ Á`md| _amd| bmJVŸ&
Amhmo AI§{S>V O¡go V¡g|Ÿ& VwH$m åhUo Zm_ê$n Zmht Amåhm§Ÿ& doJim `m H$_m©
AH$_m©grŸ&&
{XgoZm OZt V|{M emoYy{Z nmhoŸ&
~a| nmhVm§ JyO VoW|{M AmhoŸ&
H$at KoC§ OmVm§ H$Xm AmT>ioZmŸ&
OZt gd© H$m|XmQ>b| V| H$ioZmŸ &&155Ÿ&&
gËg§JVtV n§MrH$aU _hmdmŠ`m{X {ddoMZ EoHy$Z na~«÷mMr àMr{V H$er
KoVm§ `oVo, h| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. `mda H$moUr EImXm åhUob H$s¨ Z {XgUmè`m,
Z ^mgUmè`m Aem `m gyú_ dñVy~Ôb EdT>m IQ>mQ>mon H$emgmR>t H$amd`mMm ?
`mM| CÎma `m ûcmoH$m§V XoD$Z _mZdmZ| AgmÜ` V|M gmÜ` H$amd| Ag| gm§JVmV.
Oo OJVm§V M_©Mjy§Zm {XgV Zmht Ë`m ~«÷mMmM emoY KoD$Z AZw^d
nmhmdm. hm CnXoe dada nm{hë`mg M_ËH$m[aH$ dmQ>ob. nU {dMmam§Vr hmM `mo½`
R>aob. O| ~mhoa {XgV| V|M nmhÊ`mMr Ñï>rbm gd` AgVo. nU nwîH$i {R>H$mUt
_hÎdmMr dñVw A§Vam§V Jwá AgVo Zmaim§Vrb Imo~ao ~mhoa {XgV Zmht, Am§V
AgV|. ZamoQ>r \o$Hy$Z V|M ¿`md| bmJV|. Ag|M na_mWmªV Amho. g_W© åhUVmV,
""àJQ> V| OmUmd| AgmaŸ& Am{U Jwá V| OmUmd| gmaŸ& Jwé_wI| hm {dMmaŸ&
C_Om| bmJoŸ&&'' (Xm. 6-2-21)
~«÷ h| M_©MjyZ| {XgV Zgb| Var AZoH$ g‚mZm§Zr kmZMjyZ| V|
AZw^{db| AgyZ Ë`mg§~§Yr gdmªMr EH$dmŠ`Vm Amho. _J V| S>moù`mbm
{XgV Zgbo Var Zmht Ago H$g| åhUVm `oB©b ? åhUyZ Ë`m g§V AmZ§VmMm
emoY KoÊ`mMo H$ï> KoVbo nm{hOoV; H$maU Ë`mnmgyZ ~w{ÕJ«mø Aem AmË`§{VH$
emœV gwImMm bm^ Amho. M§Ðmda dmñVì`, AUwg§emoYZ `m j{UH$
gwImÀ`m Jmoï>r {dkmZm§V ñVwË`, àJVrÀ`m d _mZdr kmZmÀ`m ÚmoVH$
R>aVmV, Va M§Ðmbm{h Or VoO nwa{dVo d AUybm{h Or dñVy AmYma Amho
Vr dñVw AmnU ñdV: Agë`mMm AZw^d KoU| hm _mZdmMm _hmnwéfmW© Zìho
H$m ? g¥{ï>`§Ìm§V H$moUVrhr JS>~S> Z _mO{dVm§ gñdê$nmMr AmoiI nQ>dyZ KoU|
`m§VM _mZdr OrdZmMr gmW©H$Vm Amho. EImÚm g¥ï> nXmWm©M| kmZ Agmd`mM|
nU AmnU ñdV: H$moU `mM| kmZ Zgmd`mM| hm AmË_KmV hmo`. åhUyZ Z {XgUmè`m
~«÷mMmM emoY Ko, Ag| g_W© åhUVmV. doX {da§Mr Am{U eofŸ& OoW| {gUbo
{ZeofŸ& V|{M gmYmd| {deofŸ& na~«÷ V|Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-2-24)
hm emoY `mo½` nÕVrZ|M KoVbm nm{hOo. M_©MjyZ| Z {XgUmar dñVw
kmZMjyZ| emo{Ybr nm{hOo. Aem ~è`m arVrZ| nmhV Joë`mg ~«÷ h| gd©Ì AJXt
Odi AgyZ OUy H$m` Jwá Agë`mM| AmT>iyZ `oB©b. OJr Wmoabm Xod Vmo
MmoabmgoŸ&& S>moù`mg_moa S>moù`m§V AgyZ{h Ë`m§Zm Z {XgUmar Aer hr AmO~
dñVw Amho. amKdmM| ê$n nmhVm§ Z {XgoŸ& S>moim§ ^ab|go gd© H$miŸ&
gd© {R>H$mUr ^abobr AgyZ{h EImÚm nXmWm©à_mU| hmVmda XoÊ`mgmaIr
hr dñVw Zmht. ñWyb Zìho gyú_ ZìhoŸ& H$m§ht `oH$mgm[aIo ZìhoŸ& kmZÑï>rdrU
ZìhoŸ& g_mYmZŸ&& (Xm. 20-10-12) na~«÷mMm gwJmdm bmJobŸ& d Ë`mÀ`met
VmXmËå` hmoB©b Aer kmZÑ{ï> g‚mZ XoD§$ eH$VmV. Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z hmoUmè`m
_hmdmŠ`monXoemZ| hr kmZÑ{ï> àmá hmoVo. Ag| gX²Jwê$H$Sy>Z kmZ Pmë`m{edm`
OÝ__aUm§VyZ gwQ>H$m Zmht. _hmdmŠ`mM| {ddaUŸ& H$[aVm§ gwQ>oŸ&& (Xm. 11-3-
29) kmZmZ| ~wÕrdarb AkmZmM| AmdaU Xya Pmb| H$s¨ ñd`§àH$me AmË_m AmhoM.
åhUo OmUVm§ Vmo OZr _yI© nmhoŸ&
AVH$m©{g VH$s© Agm H$moU AmhoŸ&
OZt _rnU| nmhVm§ nmhdoZmŸ&
V`m b{jVm§ doJi| amhdoZmŸ&&153Ÿ&&
EImÚm nXmWm©gm[aI| hmVmda KoD$Z M_©MjyZ| nmhVm§ `oÊ`mOmoJ| h| na~«÷
ZgyZ V| kmZMjyZ| AZw^{dbo nm{hOo Am{U `m§VM na_ nwéfmW© Amho, Ag| _mJrb
ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. na§Vw ""_r kmZr, _r V| OmUb| Amho'' Ag| Oa H$moUr Ah§H$mamZ|
åhUob Va Vmo doS>m Amho, Ago `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
~«÷ hr H$m` MrO Amho h| _bm g_Ob| Amho Ag| Omo åhUVmo Vmo
_yI© g_Omdm. åhUOo Ë`mbm ~S>~S>rM| eãXkmZ Amho nU AZw^d Zmht
316 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 317

Ag| g_Omd|. H$maU ehmUm, AZw^dr _bm ~«÷ H$m` Amho V| g_Ob| Amho, Ag|
H$Yt åhUV Zmht. A{dkmV§ {dOmZVm_², {dkmV§ A{dOmZVm_²Ÿ&& (Ho$Z C.)
g_Ob| Agm A{^_mZ YaUmè`mbm V| g_Ob|b| ZgV| Am{U brZVoZ|, V| g_Obob|
Zmht, Aer Á`mMr ~w{Õ AgVo Ë`mbm ~«÷kmZ AgV|. AÛ¡V MMm© JwéJå`
AmhoŸ& H$io åhUo Vmo ghgm Z bmhoŸ& Mmoê${Z OmJo öX`t Ah§VmŸ& H$io åhUo Ë`m
Z H$io{M ^«m§VmŸ&& ~«÷ hr dñVw ~wÕrMm {df` AgyZ Vr ko` Amho, Ag| AkmZ
Á`mbm AgV| Vr {dMmar{h Zìho d kmVm{h Zìh|. Ë`mbm _yI© H$m§ åhQ>b| h| nwT>rb
MaUm§V gm§JVmV-
AVŠ`© Aem ~«÷mbm OmUUmam H$moU Amho ? Or dñVw {XgV{h Zmht
qH$dm ^mgV{h Zmht Vr Ü`mZm§V Var H$er `oUma d Ë`mg§~§Yr VH©$ Var H$m`
H$aUma? V| Ü`mZt Y[aVm§ Z`o Ÿ& qMVZr qMVmdo V| H$m`o Ÿ& _Zm_Yo Z g_m`o Ÿ&
na~«÷ V| Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-7-25) OoW| VH©$ H$[aVm§M `oV Zmht Vr dñVw _r OmUVmo Ag|
åhUU| h| doS>onUmM| Amho.
Xwgar Jmoï> Aer Amh| H$s¨, Ord hm dmñV{dH$ ~«÷ñdê$nM Amho. Vmo
doJim H$moUr AgVm Va ""_r ~«÷ OmUVmo§"" Ag| åhUUo§ `mo½` Pmb| AgV|. dñVw
`oH$ AmnU `oH$ Ÿ& Eogr AgVr doJ{iH$ Ÿ& V[a AZw^dmMm {ddoH$ Ÿ& ~mobm|
`oVm§ gwI| Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-10-34) na§Vw XmoKm§M| ñdê$n EH$M Agë`m_wi| ""_r ~«÷
OmUVmo§"" Ag| Ooìhm§ EImXm åhUVmo Voìhm§ AmnU OmUUmam kmVm H$moUr Var Amhm|,
OmUmd`mM| ~«÷ hr H$m§hrVar doJit ko` dñVw Amho Am{U kmZmZo§ Vr AmnU OmUbr
Ag| g_OVmo. `m_wi| kmVm, ko`, kmZ Aer {ÌnwQ>r CËnÞ hmoD$Z Vmo ~«÷mhÿZ
doJim nS>Vmo d _r H$moUr Var EH$ AÝ` Amho, Aer Ah§Vm {e„H$ amhVo. {ÌnwQ>r
hr ìX¡Vm§V qH$dm _m`o§V AgVo. AìX¡V ~«÷mZw^dm§V Vr Zmhter hmoVo. ~«÷mZw^dm§§V
AZw^d KoUmam AZw^{dVm Ord, Á`mMm AZw^d ¿`md`mMm Ag| O| AZw^mì`
~«÷, Ë`mÀ`met EH$ê$n hmoD$Z OmV Agë`m_wi| {ÌnwQ>r Zmhter hmoVo. _J OmUVm,
AZw^{dVm Agm H$moUr amhmVM Zmht. AZw^d Am[U AZw^{dVm Ÿ& gH$i `o
_m`o{M H$[aVm§ Ÿ& Vo _m`m _wit ZgVm§ Ÿ& Ë`mgr H$m` åhUmd| Ÿ&& (Xm.6-10-
33)
`m ~«÷mZw^dm§V _rnUm åhUOo Ah§Vm Agon`ªV EoŠ`mZw^d `oV
Zmht Am{U AZw^d Amë`mZ§Va gm§JUmam _r Agm H$moUr doJim CaV Zmht.
{edm` Vmo AZw^d eãXmVrV, gwIñdê$nM Agm Agë`m_wi| gm§JVm§ `oV Zmhr.
EW OmUrd H$ar Vmo{M ZoU| Ÿ& Am{WbonU {_adr V|{M CU| Ÿ& Amåhr
Omhbm| Eog| Omo åhUo Ÿ& Vmo H$m§{hM Zìho Ÿ&& ( km. 9-368)
~hÿ emó Y§wS>m{iVm§ dmS> Amho Ÿ&
O`m {ZíM`mo `oH$ Vmohr Z gmho Ÿ&
_Vr ^m§S>Vr emó~moY| {damoY| Ÿ&
JVr Iw§Q>Vr kmZ~moY| à~moY| Ÿ&&157Ÿ&&
_r ~«÷ OmUVmo Ago åhUUmam ~«÷mnmgyZ doJim H$gm amhVmo d Ë`mÀ`m
A§V:H$aUm§V _rnUm H$gm Ka Yê$Z amhVmo, h| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. ñdV:À`m
~wÕrZ|M ~«÷kmZ hmoD$ eH$V|, Agm Ah§H$ma YaÊ`m§V AS>MUr H$moUË`m AmhoV
Ë`m `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
dmS> åhUOo nwîH$i. gdmªMm EH$ {Zü` Zmht Aet emóo nwîH$i AmhoV
Vg|M ûcmoH$ 112 _Ü`| ì`dhmam§V d emñÌH$mam§V {Za{Zamù`m _V^oXm§_wi|
dmX{ddmX {Z_m©U hmoD$Z EH$ {Zü` H$gm hmoV Zmht, `mM| {ddoMZ Pmb| Amho. `oW|
EdT>o§M gm§{JVb| åhUOo nwa| H$s¨ - ~hÿ {Zd{S>Vm§ {ZdS>oZm Ÿ& EH$ {Zü` KS>oZm Ÿ&
emñÌ| ^m§S>Vr nS>oZm Ÿ& {Zü` R>mBª Ÿ&& (Xm. 8-1-11) emóm§Mm nañna{déÜX
AW© H$ê$Z _Vr ^m§S>Vr åhUOo ~w{ÕdmZ _Vm{^_mZr bmoH$ ^m§S>V AgVmV. `mg§~§Yr
Ag| dmQ>V| H$s¨ _yi emóH$ma hm g{hîUw d àm_m{UH$ AgVmo. nU Ë`m emómdarb
Q>rH$mH$mam§V Ah§_mÝ`Vm d nm§{S>Ë` `m§_wio dmX _mOyZ EH$ {Zü` hmoV Zmht. emóm§M|
empãXH$ kmZ hmoV|; dº$ì` H$[aVm§ `oV| na§Vw AV:H$aUm§V Ah§H$ma d Ag_mYmZ
Vg|M amhV|. ~hþV emñÌt ~hþV ^oX Ÿ& _Vm§_Vm§g {damoY Ÿ& Eogm H$[aVm§ dodmX Ÿ&
~hþV Job| Ÿ&& (Xm. 8-1-12) OoW| emóemóm§V _V^oX VoW| Vr§ dmMyZ H$gm EH$
{ZíM` H$gm ìhmdm? ñd^mdmg AZwgê$Z EImX| _V ~Zob EdT>§oM.
{edm` _Zwî`mM| Am`wî` BVH|$ VmoH$S>| d A{Z{üV Amho H$s¨ Ë`mbm
AZoH$ emóm§Mm Aä`mg EH$m OÝ_m§V hmoU| eŠ` Zmhr§. WmoS>m~hþV Aä`mg
Pmbm Var emóm§Vrb _V{^ÞV|_wi| Ë`mMr g§e`ì`Wm dmT>VmM amhVo. ZmZm
emó| Ym§S>moqiVm§ Ÿ& Am`wî` nwaoZm gd©Wm Ÿ& A§Vat g§e`mMr doWm Ÿ&
dmT>m|{M bmJo Ÿ&& (Xm. 8-1-2)
Ooìhm§ à~moY åhUOo `WmW© arVrZ| AmË_kmZ hmoV| qH$dm AkmZmMr
318 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 319

{ZX«m g§nyZ kmZmMr OmJ¥VmdñWm àmá hmoVo, åhUOo {gÜXmÝVmg§~§Yt ÑT> {Zü`
hmoVmo Voìhm§ _{VàH$me hmoD$Z _ZmMr M§MbVm Wm§~Vo Am{U g§e`M Z am{hë`m_wi|
g_mYmZ hmoD$Z dmX{ddmX Wm§~Vmo. åhUyZ AZoH$ emóm§À`m _mJ| Z bmJVm§
earañdmñÏ` Amho Vm|n`ªVM _Zwî`mZ| `WmW© kmZmgmR>t OmUË`mÀ`m eãXmda {dœmg
R>odyZ Amnb| AmË_H$ë`mU gmYmdo§, Agm `m ûcmoH$m§Vrb ^mdmW© Amho. AZoH$
emór nhmVm§ nS>oZmŸ& Am`wî` WmoS>| nhmU| KS>oZmŸ&& {dœmg `oHo dMZr§ YamdmŸ&
g§gma hm XwñVa Zragmdm Ÿ&&
lwVr Ý`m`_r_m§gH|$ VH©$emó| Ÿ&
ñ_¥Vr doX doXm§VdmŠ`o§ {d{MÌ| Ÿ&
ñd`| eof _m¡Zmdbm ñWra amho Ÿ&
_Zm gd© OmUrd gm§Sy>{Z nmh| Ÿ&&158Ÿ&&
AZoH$ _V^oX Agbobr§ emó| \$ma d Or{dV AË`§V Aën `m_wi| _r
ñd~wÕrZ| ~«÷ OmUoZ, Agm Ah§H$ma YaU| ì`W© AgyZ OmUË`mH$Sy>Z `WmW© kmZ
Pmb| åhUOo _Z:ñdmñÏ` bm^V|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. loð> emó| d
Agm_mÝ` ì`{º$ `m§M| kmZ{h ~«÷ñdê$n dU©Z H$aÊ`mg Ag_W© Agë`m_wi|
OmUVonUmMm A{^_mZ gmoSy>Z pñWa amhm, Ag| _Zmbm `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
lw{V, ñ_¥{V, Ý`m`emóo, VH©$emó, doXdoXmÝV, nyd©_r_m§gm d
CÎma_r_m§gm, _hmdmŠ`o BË`m{X ~w{Õbm W¸$ H$ê$Z gmoS>Umao loð> J«§W AmhoV, na§Vw
gdmªMr ~«÷{Zê$nUnÜX{V EH$ àH$maMr Zgë`m_wi| gdmªMr _{V Hw§${R>V Pmbobr
{XgVo. doXemó lw{V ñ_¥VrŸ& VoW| dmŠ`^oX nS>VrŸ& Vo gd©hr {ZdS>VrŸ&
gX²Jwê$Mo{Z dMZ|Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-6-26) emóm§Vrb {déÕ dMZm§Mm g_Ýd` H$ê$Z
åhUOo _oi KmbyZ {eî`m§Mo g_mYmZ Ho$di ~«÷{Zð> gX²JwéM H$ê$ eH$Vmo. Ë`mÀ`m
~moYm_wi| {eî`mM| AkmZ, ^«m§{V BË`m{X Xya hmoD$Z AmË_ñdê$nmÀ`m _mJm©M| {Z:g§Xoh
kmZ hmoVo.
OmUrdoÀ`m åhUOo kmZmÀ`m Ñï>rZ| doXemóBVnV kmZ H$moUmMo
Amho? dº$ì`m_Ü`| ghñÌ_wIr eofmgm[aIm AÝ` dº$m H$moU gm§nS>ob? nU
~«÷{Zê$nUmg§~§Yt doXm§Zm Zo{V Zo{V åhUyZ {ZfoYmWm©Z| gm§JÊ`mMr nmit
Ambr Am{U eofmbm Imbt _mZ KmbyZ _m¡Z ñdrH$mê$Z ñdñW ~gmd| bmJb|.
^Jd§VmMo gVV gm{ZÜ` AgyZhr eofmbm Ë`m gË` ñdê$nmM| dU©Z H$adoZm. nmho
nm§ Om{UdoMo{Z ~i|Ÿ& H$moUr doXmnmgw{Z Ago AmJi|Ÿ& H$s¨ eofmhÿ{Z Vm|S>Ji|Ÿ&
~mobH|$ AmWrŸ&& Vmohr Am§WéUmVidQ>t XS>oŸ& `oê$ Zo{V Zo{V åhUmo{Z ~hþS>oŸ&
EW gZH$m{XH$ doS>oŸ& {ngo OmhmboŸ&& (km. 9-370, 371) OoW| doX,
O¡{_Zrì`mgmgmaI| emñÌH$ma F$fr, gZH$m{XH$m§gmaIo Vnñdr{h ~«÷ñdê$nmM|
dU©Z H$aÊ`mg Ag_W© R>aVmV. VoW| ho _Zm, VwPm nmS> Vmo {H$Vr? `mgmR>r ho _Zm,
_r ~«÷ OmUVm|. hm Ah§H$ma gmoSy>Z {Züb hmoD$Z amhm. AkmZ Xya hmoÊ`mgmR>t kmZ
Adí` nm{hOo, nU Ë`m kmZmMm A{^_mZ ZH$mo. H$maU Á`m ~«÷ñdê$nm§V ko`,
kmVm d kmZ hr {ÌnwQ>r _mdiyZ OmVo. Ë`m ñdê$nm§M| {ddaU H$g| hmoUma ? OoW|
eofmMr àkm _§XbrŸ& lwVrg _m¡Ý`_wÐm n{S>brŸ& OmUnU| Z dMo dXbrŸ&
ñdê$npñWVrŸ&& (Xm. 7-4-40) OoWo OmUUmamM CaV Zmht VoW| gm§JUma H$moU?
åhUyZ ho _Zm, kmVonUmMm A{^_mZ gmoS>. eodQ>M| MaU OgoÀ`m Vg| ûcmoH$ 113
_Ü`|hr Amho.
OoU| _{jH$m ^{jbr Om{UdoMr Ÿ&
V`m ^moOZmMr éMr àmá H¡$Mr Ÿ&
Ah§^md Á`m _mZgrMm {daoZm Ÿ&
V`m kmZ h| AÞ nmoQ>r§ {OaoZm Ÿ&&159Ÿ&&
kmZg§nÞ doXdoXm§V d ~mobH$m eof BË`m{XH$m§Zm{h Á`m ~«÷ñdê$nmM|
dU©Z H$[aVm§ Z Amë`m_wi| _m¡Z ñdrH$mamd| bmJV| V| ~«÷ñdê$n _r OmUVm|, Agm
kmZmMm Ah§H$ma ~miJU| `mo½` Zìho, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. kmZm{^_mZ
hm KmVH$ Agë`m_wi| Vmo kmZ nMZt H$g| nSy>§ XoV Zmht. h| EH$m ì`mdhm[aH$
Ñï>mÝVmZo `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
gw§Xa n¹$mÞmM| ^moOZ H$[aVm§Zm MwHy$Z Oa nmoQ>m§V _mer Jobr Va
bJoM {O^oMr Md OmD$Z AÞmMm drQ> `oD$Z nmoQ> T>diy§ bmJV| d Im„obo
AÞ CbQy>Z nS>V|. EH$m _merMm hm EdT>m àVmn. `mn«_mU| ~«÷kmZmgm[aI|
A_¥V_` ^moOZ KoV AgVm§Zm "_r ~«÷kmZr Amh|' Aer A{^_mZd¥{Îmê$n
_mer {MÎmm§V {eabr H$s¨ Vr AmË_kmZ hmoD$ XoV Zmht d Agbob| kmZ
{MÎmm§V _wê§$ XoV Zmht. kmZmh§H$mamMr hr _mer _moR>r {d{MÌ Amho. AkmZr
_Zwî`mbm Vr \$maer ~mYV Zmht, nU kmZmbm _mÌ Vr N>iVo. Zdb
320 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 321

A§hH$mamMr JmoR>r Ÿ& {deof| Z bJo AkmZmnmR>t Ÿ& gkmZmM| Pm|~o H§$R>t Ÿ& ZmZm
g§H$Q>t ZmMdr Ÿ&& (km. 13-82)
AkmZr _Zwî` AmnUmg \$mag| H$iV Zmht `m Om{Udo_wi| A{^_mZ
gmoSy>Z OmUË`mH$Sy>Z Amnb| g_mYmZ H$ê$Z KoVmo. na§Vw kmZr _Zwî`mbm BVam§nojm
_bmM gd© H$m§ht A{YH$ g_OV| Ago dmQ>V AgV| hr A{^_mZmMr _mer A_¥V_`
Aem kmZ^moOZm~amo~a {MÎmm§V {eabr H$s¨ H$mbdmH$mbd gwê$ hmoD$Z {MÎmmbm Vr
AñdñW H$[aVo. A{^_mZ| CR>o _ËgaŸ& _Ëga| `o [VañH$maŸ& nwT>o§ H«$moYmMm {dH$maŸ&
à~i| ~i|Ÿ&& (Xm. 1-1-23) Aem Zmgboë`m A§V:H$aUm§V kmZ [eamd| Var
H$g| d [eab| Var nMmd| H$g|?
A{^_mZa{hV {MÎm, Ah§H$ma {daKiyZ Joë`m_wi| ewÜX hmoD$Z
AmË_ñdê$nmet EH$ê$n hmoV|, {MXmH$ma hmoV|. na§Vw A{^_mZ`wº$ {MÎmm§V ìX¡VmMr
ÑT> Jm§R> VerM amhmV Agë`m_wi| V| AmË_ñdê$nmer VmXmËå` nmdV Zmht,
{MÝ_` hmoV Zmht. Ah§H$ma eÌw ìX¡Vmgr H$maU Ÿ& hmoD§$ ZoXr kmZ ñdê$nmM|Ÿ&&
Ah§H$ma hmM ìX¡Vmbm d Ord^mdmbm H$maU Agë`m_wi| Vmo Zï> Pmë`m{edm`
_r kmZr Ag| åhQ>b| Var ñdê$npñW{V àmá hmoV Zmht. BVHo$§M H$m` nU
- _rnU| dñVw ZmH$io Ÿ& _r nU| ^{º$ _mdio Ÿ& _rnU| e{º$ Jio Ÿ&
d¡am½`mMr Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-7-46)
ZH$mo ao _Zm dmX hm IoXH$mar Ÿ&
ZH$mo ao _Zm ^oX ZmZm{dH$mar Ÿ&
ZH$mo ao _Zm grH$dy§ ny{T>bm§gt Ÿ&
Ah§^md Om| am{hbm VyOnmgt Ÿ&&160Ÿ&&
nmoQ>m§V _mer Jobr åhUOo Vr Oer AÞ nMy§ XoV Zmht, Vg| kmZm{^_mZ
Agbm åhUOo Vmo AmË_H$ë`mUmW© {MÎmm§V kmZ éOy§ XoV Zmht, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVb|. _merZ| Oer AÞmMr CbQ>r hmoVo, Vg| kmZm{^_mZm_wi| H$m` KS>V| h|
gm§JyZ Vmo gmoS>mdm, Ago _Zmbm `m ûcmoH$m§V CnXoe H$[aVmV.
kmZmMm A{^_mZ ñdñW ~gy§ XoV Zmht. Agbob| kmZ
Vm|S>mdmQ>| dmX AWdm CnXoeê$nmZ| ~mhoa nSy>§ bmJV|. Ðì`mgmR>t hbdmB©
Amnë`m {_R>mB©M| àXe©Z _m§S>Vmo. nU Ë`m {_R>mB©Vrb EH$ KmggwÜXm§ ñdV: gwImZ|
Vmo ImV Zmht. Vg|M `m kmZmAm{^_mÝ`mM| hmoV|. Á`m ~«÷kmZmZ| ñdV:Mm CÜXma
H$ê$Z ¿`md`mMm V| kmZ bm¡{H$H$m§gmR>t dmX{ddmXm§V Am{U namonXoem§V IMu
nS>V|.
dmXm_wi| ìXof, H$bh, H$m_H«$moYmqX {dH$ma CËnÞ hmoD$Z Ah§H$ma dmT>VM
OmVmo. _rnU| {dH$ën CR>oŸ& _r nUo H$bh gwQ>oŸ& _rnU| g§_moh \w$Q>oŸ& EoŠ`VoMmŸ&&
(Xm. 7-7-49) åhUyZ ho _Zm, {dMmamMr XodKod Agmdr, nU dmX ZH$mo. H$maU
Ë`m_wi| eodQ>t Ag_mYmZM CËnÞ hmoV|. Kmb§y Z`o dmX dmD$Jm dodmXŸ& VoU| JwU|
IoX hmoV AmhoŸ&&
dmXmZ| {^ÞËd qH$dm ^oX^mdZm ÑT> hmoVo. ~«÷kmZ h| AZoH$m§V EH$Ëd,
d¡få`m§V gmå`, ^oXm§V A^oX OmUyZ {Z{d©H$ma {MÎmmZ| ñdê$nmMr AmoiI nQ>dyZ
KoÊ`mgmR>t Amho. ìX¡V^mdZo_wi| _rVy§nUmMr d fS²>{dH$mam§Mr CËn{Îm hmoD$Z Xoh~wÜXr{h
ÑT> hmoV OmVo. ^oX _m`|V Amho. nU ~«÷mH$S>o nmhÿ§ Joë`mg ^oXmbm OmJmM Zmht.
gH$i H$aU| B©ídambmŸ& åhUmo{Z ^oX {Z_m©U Ho$bmŸ& D$Üd©_wI hmoVm§ ^oXmbmŸ&
R>md H¡$MmŸ&& (Xm. 20-8-16) åhUyZ ho _Zm, Vwbm Oa _m`oH$Sy>Z na~«÷mH$S>o
dmQ>Mmb H$amd`mMr Agob Va {dH$ma CËnÞ H$aUmam ìX¡V^md VwÂ`m {R>H$mUt
AgVm§ H$m_m Z`o.
ny{T>bmgr åhUOo Xwgè`mg. ho _Zm, VwÂ`m {R>H$mUr Omon`ªV Ah§H$ma
åhUOo Xoh~wpÜX Amho Vmon`©§V Xwgè`mbm ~«÷kmZ {eH$dÊ`mÀ`m ^mZJS>tV nSy>§
ZH$mog. H$maU OoWo VwPmM Ah§H$ma Zï> Pmbm Zmht, VoW| VwÂ`m CnXoemZ| Xwgè`mda
n[aUm_ H$m` hmoUma? kmVonUmM| gm|J OJmbm {Xgb| Var AmnU Amhm|V VgoM
Ord^mdm§V Amhm|, Agm nümVmn H$aÊ`mMr nmir _mÌ eodQ>t åhUOo A§VH$mit
VwÂ`mda `oB©b. åhUyZ ho _Zm, Ah§H$ma Agon`ªV JwéËd {_ady§ ZH$mog.
Ah§VmJwU| gd©hr Xw:I hmoV| Ÿ&
_wI| ~mo{bb| kmZ Vo doW© OmV| Ÿ&
gwIr amh§Vm gd©hr gwI Amho Ÿ&
Ah§Vm VwPr Vy§{M emoYy{Z nmho Ÿ&&161Ÿ&&
kmZmMm Ah§H$ma Agbm åhUOo V| kmZ Am§Jr Z ~mUVm§ dmX qH$dm
AZmdí`H$ CnXoe `m ê$nmZ| Vm|S>mdmQ>o§ H$go ~mhoa nS>V| V| gm§JyZ A{^_mZ
322 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 323

Agon`ªV Xwgè`mg CnXoe H$ê§$ Z`o åhUOo Jwê$Ëd {_ady§ Z`o, Ago§ _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
_Zmbm gm§{JVb|, Ah§Vm AgVm§Zm Ho$boë`m CnXoemMm H$m` n[aUm_ hmoVmo,
Ah§Vo_wi| Xw:I H$g| AmoT>dV| d Vr Zgbr åhUOo gwI H$g| hmoV|, `mMm {dMma
_Zmbm `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
Xohm{^_mZ hmM gd© Xw:ImM| _yi Amho. OrdZm§V Vmo Ag§»` AZW©
CËnÞ H$[aVmo. `mÀ`m_wio§M AZoH$ {dH$ën CR>VmV d _moh CËnÞ hmoVmo. _rnU|
_rÌr VwQ>o Ÿ& _rnUo§ àr{V AmQ>o Ÿ& _rnU| {bJQ>o Ÿ& A{^_mZ Am§Jr Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-
7-48) Ë`m_wi| àn§M{h gwImMm hmoV Zmht d na_mW©{h gmYV Zmht Am{U Ord^md
_mÌ ÑT> hmoVmo. JwUmZwgma hm VrZ àH$maMm hmoVmo Am{U JwU d Ah§H$mamMr hr KÅ>
Jm§R> åhUOoM g§gma qH$dm OrdXem hmo`. Ord kmZñdê$n MmoIS>mŸ& Vmo H$amo{Z
OS> _yT> doS>mŸ& ÑT> Kmbr hmS>m§Mo ImoS>m§Ÿ& Vmo hm YS>\w$S>mŸ& Ah§H$mê$Ÿ&&
(Zm. ^m. 24-121) g§gma d Ord^md `m§_wioM gd© Xw:I.
Aem `m KmVH$s Ah§H$mam_wi| kmZr _Zwî`mÀ`m ~mobÊ`mMm Xwgè`mda
n[aUm_ hmoV Zmht. ""AmhoV Pmbo Ah§_Ý` {eîQ>"" Aem eãXm§V Ë`mMr ~moidU
hmoVo, Ë`m_wi| ~mobbob| kmZ \w$H$Q> OmV|. Agm hm Xw:IXm`H$ Ah§H$ma ñdV:À`m
{R>H$mUr§ Ambm H$gm `mMm ZrQ> emoY KoD$Z Ë`mMm Ë`mJ H$a, Ah§H$ma {dd{O©V
hmoD$Z amhm åhUOo Vy§ gwIê$n hmoerb, Ag| CÎmamYmªV _Zmbm gm§JVmV. _r H$moU
h| OmUmd| Ÿ& _rnU Ë`mJy{Z AZÝ` ìhmd| Ÿ& _J g_mYmZ V| ñd^md| Ÿ& Am§Jt
~mU| Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-8-50)
~«÷XodmnmgyZ Vm| _w§Jrn`ªV gd© àm[U_mÌm§V JwaJwaUmam hm Ah§H$ma Ambm
H$moRy>Z? `mM| CÎma ^Jd§Vm§ZtM JrVo§V {Xb| Amho. `ƒ{n gd©^yVmZm§ ~rO§
VXh_Ow©Z Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 10-39) Ah_mË_m JwS>mHo$e Ÿ&&20Ÿ&& OJmÀ`m ~wS>mer
""_r"" h| EH$ VÎd Amho. g¥[ï> ZgVm§Zm EH$mH$r ~«÷mÀ`m [§R>H$mUt ""_r ~«÷
Amho"" Ag| O| ñ\w$aU Pmb| VrM _yi _m`m. VoW _r ~«÷ h| ñ\w$ao O| ñ\w$aU Ÿ& Vo§{M
_m`oM| _w»` bjU && (Zm. ^m. 24-75) h|M "_r" Mo ñ\w$aU JTy>i hmoV hmoV
Ordmn`ªV `oD$Z nmohm|Mb|. ~«÷m§S>mVrV, JwUa{hV ~«÷ "_r" ~«÷m§S>m§V ewÜX
gÎdJwUg§nÞ B©œa "_r" Am{U qnS>m§V _{bZ {ÌJwU`wº$ Ord "_r" Ag| h| Ah§VÎd
Imbn`ªV ngab| Amho.
ho _Zm, VwPm Ah§H$ma Xwgè`mZo H$moUr XmI{dë`mg Vy§ {MS>Vmog.
åhUyZ AmV gm§{JVë`mà_mUo§ VwPm Vy§M Oa {dMma H$aerb Va Vwbm H$iob
H$s¨ _wim§V Ah§H$ma hm VwPm Zìho. Vmo Amho Ë`m AmË_mam_ XodmMm Am{U
Ë`m CgÝ`m Ah§H$mamda Vy§ ZmMV Amhog. CgZdmarM| {OU| H$Yt gwImM| hmoV
Zmht. dmñV{dH$ Xohm_Ü`| ^moJr, Ë`mJr qH$dm drVamJr Vmo EH$ AmË_m Amho na§Vw
Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o Xwb©j hmoD$Z Xohm§MoM ñVmo_ _mOb|. àmUr gm{^_mZ| ^wbbo Ÿ& XoømH$S>o
nmhmV JoboŸ & _w»` A§VamËå`mg MwH$bo Ÿ& A§Vat AgmoZr Ÿ&& (Xm. 18-1-21)
åhUyZ _r ZmhrM, gd© H$m§ht Vmo AmË_mam_M, `m ^mdZoZo§ ho _Zm, Vy§ Amnbm
Ah§H$ma Á`mMm Ë`mbm g_n©U H$ê$Z ñdñW amherb Va gwIê$n hmoerb. OoW|
_wamb| _rnU Ÿ& Vo{M AZw^dmMr IyU Ÿ& AZwdm©À` g_mYmZ & `m H$maU|
~mo{bOo Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-10-17)
Ah§VmJwU| Zr{V gm§S>r {ddoH$s Ÿ&
AZrVr~i| ûcm¿`Vm gd© bmoH$s¨ Ÿ&
nar A§Vat gd©hr gmj `oVo Ÿ&
à_mUm§Vao ~wpÜX gm§S>mo{Z OmVo &&162Ÿ&&
Ah§Vm hr gd© Xw:ImM| H$maU AgyZ {VÀ`m_wi| kmZmonXoe{h \w$H$Q> OmVmo,
Ag| gm§JyZ {VMm CJ_ bjm§V KoD$Z AmË_ñdê$nm§VM Vr brZ H$éZ gwIr ìhmdo,
Ago _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V _Zmbm gm§{JVbo. `m Ah§Vo_wi| {ddoH$s _Zwî`{h Zr{V^«ï>
H$gm hmoVmo, ho§ `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
{ddoH$ åhUOo gmamgma qH$dm AmË_mZmË_ {dMma. Ah§Vo_wi| nma_m{W©H$
{dMmar _Zwî`{h Zr{V^«ï> hmoVmo, åhUOo doX_`m©Xm qH$dm loð>m§Zt gm§{JVbobm AmMma
Vmo nmirV Zmhr§. OmUVonUm_wi| Ë`mMm bm¡{H$H$ dmT>Vmo, _mÝ`Vm {_iVo d AmnU
n[anyU© Pmbmo§ Ag| dmQy>Z Vmo _mohm§V gmnS>Vmo; Ë`m_wi| Vmo A{ZVrZ| dmJy§ bmJVmo.
gwú_ hmoD$Z AmË_ñdê$nm§V brZ hmoÊ`mEodOr Ah§_Ý`VoZ| \w$JyZ Vmo bm¡{H$H$m§V
AS>Hy$Z amhVmo. g_wÐObm§VyZ {ZKmbob| _rR> Obm§V {daKiyZ Obê$n hmoV|. nU
g_wÐm§VM CËnÞ Pmbobm _moVr Obm§V Z {_giVm§ órÀ`m ZmH$mVrb ZWo§V
gwdU©gyÌm§V AS>Hy$Z {_adrV amhVmo. Vodt AkmZA{^_mZ Amho Ÿ& Vmo gd©Wm
VËH$mi Om`o Ÿ& kmZm{^_mZ H${R>U nmho Ÿ& JmoqdVmho _wº$Ëd| Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 12-
610) AkmZm_wi| Agbobm XohAh§H$ma kmZmZ| KmbqdVm `oVmo. nU kmZmMm VmR>a
Ah§H$ma _wº$mdñWm ZgVm§{h AmnU _wº$ Amhm|, H$g|{h dmJmd|, Aem _moR>onUmÀ`m
K_|S>tV ~ÜX H$ê$Z R>o{dVmo. AZw{MV dV©Z Agb| Var bmoH$m§V _mÝ`Vm {_iVo
324 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 325

d bm¡{H$H${h dmT>Vmo. H$maU ~hþOZg_mO ~{ha§Jmbm ^wbUmam AgVmo Am{U H$m§ht
hþfma _Vb~r bmoH$ dmhdm H$ê$Z Amnbm ñdmW© gmYyZ KoUmao AgVmV.
~mhoa bm¡{H$H$ dmT>V Agbm Var {ddoH$s _Zwî`mg Ë`mM| _Z Am§VyZ
~m|MVM AgV|. AmnU ~mhoa XmI{dVm| Vgo IamoIa Zmht, `mMr gmj Ë`mbm
A§V: H$aUm§V nQ>V AgVo. doX qH$dm loð>m§Mt à_mU dMZo§ AmnUm§g _mhrV AgyZ{h
Ë`mH$S>o Amnb| Xwb©j hmoV Amho, `mMr OmUrd Ë`mÀ`m _Zmbm AgVo. na§Vw
Ah§H$mamMm {ddoH$mda nJS>m ~gë`m_wi| à_mU dMZm§H$S>o Vmo Xwb©j H$[aVmo Am{U
_Z _mZob Ë`mà_mU| dmJy§ bmJVmo. `m_wi| {ddoH$ AgyZ{h {MÎmmbm g_mYmZ dmQ>V
Zmhr§. g_W© åhUVmV, - ""n«_mUmoÎmat {MÎm V|hr Z Kmbr Ÿ& V`m nmnê$ß`mg
H$m§ am§S> ì`mbr Ÿ&&"" {edm` A§Va Xod, AmË_mam_ XwamdVmo Vmo XwamdVmoM. ^JdmZ²
åhUVmV - ""{Vi^ar amImo{Z A{^_mZ Ÿ& Oar _O [aKgr eaU Ÿ& Var _mPr
àmár Zìho OmU Ÿ& A{^_mZ {d¿Z n«márgr Ÿ&&"" (Zm. ^m. 12-246) {ddoH$
AgyZ{h Ah§VoZ| Am`wî` \w$H$Q> Joë`m_wi| A§Vg_`r§ nümVmn nmdë`mMr CXmhaU|
AmnUm§g{h {XgVmV. åhUyZ na_mWm©Mm {dMma H$aUmè`m§Zt Ah§H$mam~Ôb {deof
gmdY am{hb| nm{hOo. Ah§ Idië`m Xmê$U Ÿ& {edmgr {dgadr {ednU Ÿ&
XohmË_dmXo ^wbdr nyU© Ÿ& OÝ__aU ^moJmdr Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 24-113)
Xoho~wpÜXMm {ZíM`mo ÑT> Ombm Ÿ&
XohmVrV V| hrV gm§S>rV Jobm Ÿ&
Xoho~wpÜX Vo AmË_~wÜXr H$amdr Ÿ&
gXm g§JVr g‚mZmMr Yamdr Ÿ&&163Ÿ&&
Ah§Vo_wi| {ddoH$s _Zwî`{h Zr{V^«ï> H$gm hmoVmo d bmoH$m§V _mÝ`Vm
{_imë`m_wi| ñdV:Mo _Z ImV AgVm§{h doX d loð>m§À`m dMZmH$S>o Xwb©j hmoD$Z
Ë`mMr Xoh~w{Õ A{YH$ ÑT> H$er hmoV OmVo, ho§ _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|, `m
ûcmoH$mZ| ""_Zm g§JVr g‚mZmMr Yamdr"" `m nm§M ûcmoH$m§À`m JQ>mg gwê$dmV
hmoVo. `m nm§M ûcmoH$m§V gËg§J_mhmËå` dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. gËg§JVtV ÑT> Agbobr
Xoh~w{Õ AmË_ñdê$nt brZ H$ê$Z na_ nma_m{W©H$ H$ë`mU gmYmdo§, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V
gm§JVmV.
Xohm{^_mZ gwQ>U| ho {ddoH$s _Zwî`mg{h OoW| AdKS> OmV|, VoW|
gm_mÝ` _Zwî`mMr H$m` H$Wm? Xoh VmoM _r Agm Ë`mMm ÑT> {Zü` AgVmo. Agm
{Zü` Pmbm H$s¨ XohmnbrH$S>o H$m§ht gwI Agob Ag| Ë`mbm dmQ>VM Zmht. Oo
Xohmbm gwImM| V|M {hVmM|, Ag| Ë`mbm dmQ>V|. åhUyZ {df`mZo§ B§{Ð`m§Mo bio
nwa{dÊ`mgmR>t Vmo OÝ_^a YS>nS>Vmo. _aon`ªV hm Xohm{^_mZ gwQ>V Zmht d OÝ__aU
Q>iV Zmhr. ñdV:bm {deof kmZ AgyZ{h `mà_mU| Ë`mM| AZ{hV hmoV|. g§V gm§JVmV
H$s¨ {Ma§VZ {hVmM| d gwImMo ñWmZ Xohmnb{H$S>o Amho. {hV Amho XohmVrVŸ& åhUmoZr
{Zamo{nVr g§VŸ&& (Xm. 7-2-37) na§Vw Xoh~wÕr_wi| `m g§VdmUrH$S>o bj OmV
Zmhr d MwHy$Z Job| Var Ë`mda {dœmg ~gV Zmht. EImÚm _¥JmZo Iè`m ObmH$S>o
Xwb©j H$ê$Z D$a \w$Q>on`ªV _¥JOim_mJ| YmdV gwQ>md| AerM `m OrdmMr AdñWm
hmoVo. _wº$ hmoVm nar ~i| Ombm ~ÕŸ& KoD${Z`m§ N>§X _mP| _mPoŸ&&1Ÿ&& nmn nwÊ`
A§Jr§ KoVb| OSy>ZŸ& d_© ZoU| H$moU H$[aVm VmoŸ&&2Ÿ&& VwH$m åhUo Jobo ì`W© Jobo
~m `mdrUŸ& O¡gm _¥J erU _¥JOitŸ&& (Jm. 3306) nmnnwÊ`mVrV XohmnmgyZ
A{bßV Aem AmË_ñdê$nmH$S>o Ymd Z KoVm Zmed§V XohmH$S>o Ymd KoVë`m_wio Vmo
{eUVmo d AmË_{hVmbm _wH$Vmo.
`mgmR>t Xoh VmoM _r Aer Or AkmZ {H$§dm AewÕ ~wÕr Vr ""Ah_mË_m""
`m kmZ qH$dm ewÕ ~wÕrZo Zï> H$amdr d eodQ>r§ ""Ah_mË_m"" `m kmZ~wÕrMm{h
{dga nS>mdm. AewÕ AkmZmMm Agmo qH$dm ~wÕ kmZmMm Agmo, A{^_mZmMm
g_yi Ë`mJ H$aÊ`mVM _mZdmMo na_ H$ë`mU Amho. OoWda Ah§nU Ÿ& {VVwHo$hr
~mYH$ OmU Ÿ& ewÕmewÕ A{^_mZ Ÿ& {Z:eof gkmZ gm§{S>Vr Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 12-
614) CnOV Xoh~wÕrÀ`m EodOr ghO AmË_m~wÕr Agmdr.
nU Agm ~wÕrV nmbQ> hmoD$Z g_ye A{^_mZ Zmhtgm hmoÊ`mg gËg§JM
nm{hOo. _rnU h| \$moS>Vm§ `oV Zmht, eómZ| VwQ>V Zmht d gmoSy>§ åhQ>bo Var H$m§ht
Ho$ë`m gwQ>V Zmht. gËg§J{V h|M Ë`mda Am¡fY Amho. g‚mZm§À`m g§JVtV gVV
ldU KS>V| d Ë`m_wi| `mo½` Vmo ~moY hmoVmo. åhUyZ ehmÊ`mZ| Zoh_t g‚mZ ghdmgm§V
Agmd|. O| {dËnÎmrZ| Z H$io Ÿ& Vo§ gËg_mJ_| H$io Ÿ& gH$i emómW© AmH$io Ÿ&
ñdmZw^dmgr Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-1-39)
""Xoh~w{Õ Vo AmË_~wÕr H$amdr'' h| g_WmªÀ`m CnXoemMo gma Amho.
`mMm gwú_ {dMma Ë`mZt ghO EH$m gmoß`m Amodr§V gm§{JVbm Amho Vmo
nm{hbm åhUOo Ë`m§À`m ghdmgm§V am{hbobo gmYH$ IamoIa YÝ` hmoV Ag|
326 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 327

dmQ>V|. Vr Amodr Aer - Xoh XoD$i AmË_m Xod Ÿ& H$moR>o§ Yê$ nmhVm§ ^md Ÿ& Xod
dmoiImoZ Ord Ÿ& VoW|{M bmdmdm Ÿ&& (Xm. 14-8-29) XodmÀ`m ñWyb
_y{V©Ü`mZmnojm§ _yVvV dgV Agboë`m M¡VÝ`mM| Ü`mZ hmo`, h| g_OmdyZ XoÊ`mgmR>t
hr Amodr Amho. nU `mM AmodtM| ñdXohmbm åhUOo ñd_yVubm AZwgê$Z WmoS>|g|
{Zamù`m àH$ma| qMVZ Ho$ë`mg Xoh~w{Õ Vo AmË_~w{Õ hmoÊ`mg gmon| OmV|.
Vwåhmbm Xodmda ào_ H$amd`mM| Amho H$s¨ Xodimda? Ü`mZ XodimM| YaUma
H$s¨ XodmM|? `mMm WmoS>m {dMma H$am Am{U Xod AmoiIyZ VoW| Ord^mdmZ| ào_ H$am.
AmË_m gmoSy>Z AZmËå`m§M| Ü`mZ H$aÊ`m§V Xmof AgyZ nXat erUM nS>Vmo. åhUyZ
qMVZ Ag| Agmd| H$s ñdXoh h| EH$ MmbV| ~mobV| XoD$i Amho. öX`ñW AmË_mam_
hm Ë`m§V Xod Amho Am{U Ah§Ord hm Ë`mMm nwOmar Amho. nwOmè`mZo§ Xodim§V Z
qhS>Vm Xodmg{ÞY amhÊ`mVM Ë`mM| {hV Amho. åhUyZ XohXodim§V Z a_Vm§
AmË_XodmOdi amhÊ`mMr Ë`mZ| hiyhiy gd` Ho$br nm{hOo. OgOgm XodmOdi
amhÊ`mMm N>§X dmT>ob VgVg| Xodmer§ g»`Ëd OS>ob d Ë`mÀ`m H¥$noZ| Ë`mbm
AZw^dmbm `oB©b H$s¨ Ah§ Agm AÝ` H$moUr ZgyZ MmbVm ~mobVm, XoVm KoVm, H$Vm©
H$a{dVm gd© H$mht Vmo EH$ AmË_mam_M Amho. XohXodim§Vrb gd© ì`mnma Ë`mÀ`m
gÎmoImbrM Mmby Amho. ~wÕrMm Agm {Zü` Pmbm H$s¨ ewÕ AewÕ H$moUVrM
Ah§Vm ~moMH$ Z hmoVm§ ghOmghOr Xoh~w{Õ hr AmË_~w{Õ hmoVo. g‚mZg§JVtV
ghO ~mobÊ`m§VyZ Agm {hVmMm CnXoe hmoVmo. Ë`mM| ldU_ZZ H$ê$Z Xoh~w{Õ
gmoSy>Z AmË_~w{Õ YaUmam hm Iam gmYH$ hmo`. Xoh~wpÜX {ddoH|$ dmarŸ& AmË_~w{Õ
gÑT> YarŸ& ldU _ZZ Ho$b|{M H$arŸ& `m Zm§d gmYH$Ÿ&& (Xm. 5-9-8)
_Z| H$pënbm drf`mo gmoS>dmdm Ÿ&
_Z| Xod {ZJy©U Vmo dmoiImdm Ÿ&
_Z| H$pënVm§ H$ënZm Vo gamdr Ÿ&
gXm g§JVr g‚mZmMr Yamdr Ÿ&&164Ÿ&&
gËg§Jm_wi| Xoh~wpÜX Zï> hmoD$Z AmË_~wpÜX pñWa hmoVo d XohmVrV
AmË_ñdê$nmet EoŠ` hmoD$Z _mZdm§Mo na_ {hV gmYV|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVbo§. gËg§Jm_wi| gd© H$ënZm§Mm {Zamg hmoD$Z H$ënZmVrV Aem {ZJw©U XodmMr
AmoiI nQ>Vo, Ago§ `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
{ZÐmdñWm gmoS>br Va _Z h| H$moUË`m Zm H$moUË`m Var {df`H$ënZ|V
dmdaVM AgV|. V| _Zwî`mbm ñdñW ~gy§ XoV Zmht. Ho$ìhm H$ënZm ~è`m Ho$ìhm
dmB©Q> BVH$mM \$aH$. H$ënZm h|M Ë`mM| OrdZ Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§À`m A^mdr V|
Zmhr§g| hmoVo åhUOo ñdê$nr§ brZ hmoV|. {df`mnmgyZ Ë`mbm gmoS>{dÊ`mg hmM EH$
Cnm` hmo`. XodmMr AmoiI H$ê$Z ¿`md`mMr, Vmo Va gd© H$ënZm§À`m nbrH$S>o,
BVHo§$M Zìho Va Vmo ~wÕrÀ`m{h nbrH$S>o. "`mo ~wÕo: naVñVw g: Ÿ&& H$mio AgmoV
AJa nm§T>ao AgmoV, T>J ~mOybm Pmë`m{edm` gy`©Xe©Z H$g| hmoUma? T>J gy`m©_wi|M
àH$m{eV hmoVmV d Ë`mÀ`m_wi|M S>moi`mbm {XgVmV. T>J ~mOybm Pmbo H$s nbrH$S>o
gy`© AmhoM. Ë`mà_mU| gd© H$ënZm AmË_ñdê$nm_wi| Ñí` hmoD$Z _Zmbm ^mgVmV.
H$ënZm Xya Pmë`m H$s¨ AmË_mam_ AmhoM. gmam§e, H$moUVr{h H$ënZm Zgob Voìhm§M
AmË_Xe©Z KS>V Agë`m_wi| {Z{d©H$ën {ñWVtV Joë`m{edm` AmË_mZw^d Zmht.§
hr {Z{d©H$ënmdñWm EH$X_ àmá hmoV Zmht. Ë`mgmR>t ldU, _ZZ,
gmYZm{X Aä`mg H$amdm bmJVmo. VmpÎdH$ Ñï>rZ| H$ënZoMo XmoZ àH$ma AmhoV. EH$
ìX¡V åhUOo AewÕ H$ënZm d Xwgar AÛ¡V åhUOo ewÕ H$ënZm. AewÕ H$ënZm
åhUOo _m{`H$ H$ënZm d ewÕ åhUOo ~«÷dñVyg§~§Yr H$ënZm. AewÕ H$ënZo_wi|
ìX¡V ^md dmT>Vmo d ewÕ H$ënZo_wi| AÛ` ~«÷~moY hmoVmo. ewÕ H$ënZoMm AW©Ÿ&
AÛ¡VmMm {Z{üVmW©Ÿ& Am{U g~i Vo doW©Ÿ& Û¡V H$ënr Ÿ&&(Xm.7-5-36) _Z h|
Zoh_r AewÕ, _m{`H$ H$ënZoVM MaV AgV|, Ë`mMr Vr gd` Joë`mda ewÕ
H$ënZm§Mo Kmg Kmbmdo bmJVmV. nU hr gd` Joë`mda ewÕ H$ënZm§Mr MQ>H${h
amhVm§ Cn`moJr Zmht, VaM {ZJw©U XodmMr AmoiI ìhmd`mMr, Eadr§ Zmhr. MT>bobr
^m§J CVadÊ`mgmR>t Xwga| CVmè`mM| Am¡fY Úmd`mM| AgV|. nU ew{Õ Ambr H$s¨
CVmè`mM| Am¡fY{h Wm§~{dboM nm{hOo. ^m§J H$m` qH$dm CVmam H$m` XmoÝhr{h
Am¡fY|M. Am¡fY{da{hV {ñW{V V|M Ia| ñdmñW hmo`. Vgo§M AewÜX H$ënZm Zï>
H$aÊ`mgmR>t ewÜX H$ënZm nm{hOo. nU Vr ewÕ H$ënZm{h VÐÿnVm àmá hmoD$Z
ñdê$nm§V brZ Pmbr nm{hOo. ewÜX H$ënZoM| ê$nŸ& Vo§{M V| H$ënr ñdê$nŸ&
ñdê$n H$pënVm§ VÐÿnŸ& hmo`o AmnUŸ&& (Xm. 7-5-39) ApìXVr` ~«÷mMr ewÕ
328 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 329

H$ënZm H$[aVm§ H$[aVm§ Ë`m H$ënZobm{h {_Ï`Ëd `oD$Z Vr Zmhter ìhmdr d Ho$di
{Z{d©H$ën ñdê$n Camd|. {Z{d©H$ënmgr H$pënVm§Ÿ& H$ënZoMr Zwao dmVm©Ÿ& {Z:g§Jmg
^oQ>m| OmVm§Ÿ& {Z:g§Jm hmoB©OoŸ&& (Xm. 7-3-51)
nU h| hmoÊ`mgmR>t ewÕ AewÕ H$ënZm§Mm ~moY Pmbm nm{hOo. Vmo
hmoÊ`mgmR>r g‚mZm§À`m AÛ¡V {Zê$nUmM| ldU Pmb| nm{hOo d ldUmZ§Va _ZZ-
{Z{XÜ`mgZ d Ü`mZm{XH$m§Mm Aä`mg Pmbm nm{hOo. ldU Am[U _ZZoŸ&
{ZOÜ`mg| g_mYmZŸ& {_Ï`m H$ënZoM| ^mZŸ& CS>moZo Om`oŸ&& (Xm. 7-5-27)
`mgmR>r gXm g§JVr g‚mZmMr Yamdr.
XohmXrH$ àn§M hm qM{V`obmŸ&
nar A§Vat bmo^ {ZpíMV R>obmŸ&
harqMVZ| _w{º$H$m§Vm damdrŸ&
gXm g§JVr g‚mZmMr YamdrŸ&&165Ÿ&&
gËg§Jm_wi| _Zm§Vrb AewÕ H$ënZm ewÕ H$ënZm§Zr Zmhtem hmoD$Z
H$ënZVrV XodmMr AmoiI H$er nQ>Vo h| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|.
g‚mZg§JVr_wi| Xoh àn§Mm{XH$mg§~§Yr d¡am½` CËnÞ hmoD$Z _wº$ pñWVrMr OmUrd
`oVo Ag| `m íbmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
Xoh d VËg§~§Yr àn§M qH$dm _r d _mP| `mM| {H$Vr{h qMVZ Ho$b|
Var eodQ>r \$i H$m` ? A§V:H$aUm§V bmo^mM| R>mU| ÑT> hmoD$Z amhU| h|M hmo`.
Ë`m bmo^mgmR>t nwÝhm Xoh d nwÝhm _aU. XøVo {Ì{dYVmn¡ñVÔoh:Ÿ&& Aer
XohmMr ì`m»`m Amho. {Ì{dY VmnmZ| nmoiV amhUmam Vmo Xoh; Am{U
n§MkmZ|{Ð`m§À`m eãX - ñnem©{X {df`m§Mm `oUmam Omo AZw^d Vmo àn§M. H$s¨
àn§M åhUmd| V`mŸ& Omo AZw^d `o nm§Mm B§{Ð`m§Ÿ& eãX ñne© ê$n ag J§Y
`mŸ& doJim àn§M H$m` Ago ?Ÿ&& (`. Xr. 6-1135) dmñV{dH$ Xoh H$m`,
àn§M H$m`, XmoÝhr{h ZmgH$s¨ d Zœa. na§Vw `m _¥Ë`wbmoH$sMr g_OyVM CbQ>r
Agë`m_wi| `m XmohmoM|M qMVZ gVV Mmby§ AgV|. {df`gwI^moJm§V Jw§VyZ
nS>boë`mg `m bmoH$s¨ gwIr g_OVmV Am{U bmo^mImbr XS>nyZ Joboë`mg
ehmUm _mZVmV. Omo ~hþdo {df`{dbmg| Jw§\|$Ÿ& Vmo åhUVr Cdm`| n{S>bm
gmn|Ÿ& Omo A{^bmf^ma| XS>noŸ& V`mV| gkmZ åhUVrŸ&& (km. 9-509) CdmB©
- CËH$f©-gmno-gm§àV. `m {dnarV g_OwVr_wi| Xoh d àn§Mbmo^ dmT>VM
OmVmo. nydu íbmoH$ 16 _Ü`| gm§{JVë`mà_mU| Vmo nwÝhm OÝ_mbm H$maU hmoVmo.
hmoUmao {df`mon^moJ H$Yr _Zm{déÕ åhUOo H$Yr gwImMo Va H$Yt Xw…ImMo
AgVmV. Am[U Á`m XohmgmR>t Ë`m§Mm bmo^ Yamd`mMm Vmo Xoh Va KmUoaS>m d
H$mbmYrZ. Var ^mo½`OmV OoVwb|Ÿ& V| EH$m Xohm{M`m {Z{H$`m bmJboŸ& Am{U
`oW Xoh V§d Ago n{S>b|Ÿ& H$miMm§ Vm|S>tŸŸ&& (km. 9-495) åhUyZ `m
Xohàn§Mm{XH$m§M| qMVZ Z H$[aVm§ nmnhmaH$ harM| qMVZ H$ê$Z _w{ŠVH$m§VoMm
A§JrH$ma H$amdm, Ag| CÎmamYmªV gm§JVmV.
h[aqMVZmZo _w{ŠVH$m§Vm H$er daVm§ `oVo h| ñdV… ^Jd§Vm§ZtM JrV|V
gm§{JVb| Amho. Vo åhUVmV- AOw©Zm, Vy§ {dnarVkmZ Agboë`m `m A{ZË`,
Xw…Iê$n _¥Ë`wbmoH$m§V OÝ_bm Amhog. `m H$MmQ>çm§VyZ Vwbm Oa _wŠV ìhmd`mMo
Agob Va Ë`mbm EH$M Cnm` Amho. Vmo åhUOo- _Ý_Zm ^d _Ë^ŠVmo _ÚmOr
_m§ Z_ñHw$éŸ&& (^. Jr. 9-34) _mÂ`m AZwg§YZmZ| gd© àmn§{MH$ H$ënZm
OmiyZ _mÂ`m ^mdZoZ| Vy§ Oa ^ê$Z Omerb Va Vy§ _Ëñdê$n hmoerb. ho _mÂ`m
A§Va§Jm§Vrb Jwø Vwbm gm§JVm|. Vy§ _Z h| _r{M H$arŸ& _mÂ`m ^OZt ào_
Yar... Ÿ& Eogm {_`m§ Am{Wbm hmogrŸ& VoW _m{P`m ñdê$nm nmdgrŸ& h|
A§V…H$aUtM| VwOnmgtŸ& ~mo{bOV AgoŸ&& (km. 9-517,519)
dmñV{dH$ Hw$berbdmZ² _w{ŠV hr doXemóm§Zt OrdmgmR>t {Z{üV
Ho$bobr dYy hmo`. nU O~aXñV Ah§H$mamÀ`m VmdS>tV gmnS>ë`m_wi| _mo{hV
hmoD$Z OrdmM| ào_ OS>b| A_§Ji H$m`oda Am{U `m YyV© ^Ðoœa Xr{jV
Ah§H$mamZ| Ë`m§À`m `m àr{V{ddmhmMr Jm§R> KÅ> ~m§YyZ Q>mH$br. Zdb Ah§H$mamMr
WmoarŸ& gMoVZm AMoVZ ZmodarŸ& ñd`| b¾ bmdr àrVrdarŸ& {MX{MX²> J«§WrŸ&
nwar nmSw>ZrŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 24-119) M¡VÝ`ñdê$n OrdmMr OS> H$m`oer b¾Jm§R>
~m§YyZ hm Ah§H$ma _moH$im hmoVmo. AmVm hr àr{V{ddmhmMr Jm§R> g‚mZmdm§MyZ
Xwgam H$moU gmoS>{dUma? VmËn`© Xohàn§Mm{XH$m§Mm bmo^ gwQy>Z {df`d¡am½` CËnÞ
hmoD$Z h[a^OZmH$S>o d¥{Îm diU|, hm d¥{ÎmnmbQ> gËg§JmdmMyZ hmoUmam Zgë`m_wi|
""gXm g§JVr g‚mZmMr Yamdr.''
Ah§H$ma {dñVmabm `m XohmMmŸ&
{ó`mnwÌ{_Ìm{XH|$ _moh Ë`m§MmŸ&
~i| ^«m§{V ho OÝ_qMVm hamdrŸ&
gXm g§JVr g‚mZmMr YamdrŸ&&166Ÿ&&
330 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 331

g‚mZg§JVr_wi| Xohàn§Mm{XH$m§Mm bmo^ gwQ>Vmo, {df`d¡am½` àmá hmoV|,
h[aqMVZmH$S>o d¥{Îm diVo d h[aH¥$no_wi| _w{ŠVH$m§Vm daVm `oVo, Ag| _mJrb
ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. {dñVma nmdUmam d _moh Am{U ^«_ CËnÞ H$aUmam
XohAh§H$ma gËg§Jm_wi| Xya hmoD$Z ^«_{Zamg hmoVmo d OÝ__aUmqMVm Zmhter
hmoVo, Ag| `m íbmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
`m Ah§H$mamM| _yi ewÕ d Q>dQ>drV Agë`m_wi| Ë`mMm {dñVma \$ma
PnmQ>çmZ| hmoVmo. Ë`mM| _yi Amho na~«÷mÀ`m {R>H$mUt ""Ah§ ~«÷mpñ_'' `m
g¥ï>rnydu Pmboë`m àW_ ñ\w$aUmV. (ûcmoH$ 161 nmhm) Ah§ h| ñ\w$aU àW_
C_Q>b| d öX`ñW na_mËå`m~amo~a V| A§V…H$aUmn`ªV ngaV Amb|. `m ewÕ
Ah§M| ñ\w$aU V|M AmËå`mM| ñdê$n hmo` Am{U AmË_m d ~«÷ EH$M hmo`. `m
ewÕ Ah§À`m ApñVËdmbm Ah§^md Ag| åhUVmV. Zm_ê$nmbm gmoSy>Z Agbobm
hm Ah§^md _mojmbm CnH$maH$M Amho. na§Vw AkmZm_wi| åhUOo
ñdê$n{dñ_¥{V_wi| hm Ah§^md Ooìhm A§V…H$aUmÀ`m V§ÌmZ| dmJy§ bmJVmo Voìhm§
Vmo {MÎmMVwîQ>`m§Vrb Ah§H$ma ~ZVmo d Xohmer VmXmËå` nmdyZ Ordm~amo~a
gwIXw…I ^mo{JVmo, _J Á`m Á`m VÎdm§V Vmo àdoe H$aob V| V| VÎd _rM Ag|
åhUV gwQ>Vmo. Ah{_{V àW_mÜ`mg|Ÿ& Ordmet OrdËd Am^mgoŸ& Vmo O| O|
VÎdt àdoeoŸ& V| _r Eog| åhUV{MŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 12-309) ñdV…À`m {MÐÿnmM|
{dñ_aU d Xohmer VmXmËå`m_wi| O| {Xgob V| _r, Ag| ^«_mZ| Ë`mbm dmQy>§
bmJV|. A§V…H$aUmVrb g§H$ën-{dH$ën H$aUma| _Z V| _rM Ag| dmQy>Z Vmo
_Z hmoVmo, {df`qMVZ H$aUma| AmnUM Ag| dmQy>Z Vmo {MÎm hmoVmo. Am{U
{Zü` H$aUmam ehmUm _rM Ag| dmQy>Z Vmo ~wÕr{h hmoVmo. Ed§ Xohm{^_mZmMo
_mWm§Ÿ& {MÎmMVwï>` AdñWmŸ& _w»` g§gmamMm H$Vm©Ÿ& OmU VÎdVm§
Xohm{^_mZwŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 3-112)
hm A{^_mZ OgOgm \$mo\$mdV OmB©b VgVgm Vmo ñWyb d gyú_
XohmnwaVmM _`m©{XV Z amhVm§ Xohmet g§~§Y Agboë`m ~mø OS> d MoVZ dñVy{h
_mÂ`mM, Agm Vmo AmJ«h Yê$Z ~gVmo. _mVm{nVm, ~{hU^mD$, òrH$Ý`m,
nwÌ{_Ì, YZYmÝ`, J¥hO_rZ, new BË`m{X gd© _mP|M Ag| Ë`mbm dmQy> bmJV|.
na_oœamZ| ñdmYrZ Ho$boë`m dñVy§M| {dœñVnU {dgê$Z Ë`m§À`mda Vmo _mbH$s
hŠH$ gm§Jy bmJVmo.
`mà_mU| _r d _mP| åhUyZ òrnwÌm{XH$m§Mm _moh YaU| hm Ho$di
^«_ hmo`. `m ^«_m_wi|M dmgZ|V Jw§VyZ OÝ__aU _mJ| bmJV| åhUyZ
{ZJ«hnyd©H$ {ZË`m{ZË` {ddoH$~imZ| `m ^«_mM| {ZagZ Ho$b| nm{hOo d
OÝ__aUMH«$m§VyZ gwQ>b| nm{hOo. _r d _mP| Ag| {H$Vr{h åhQ>b| Var _¥Ë`w
Ambm H$s¨ gd© Wm§~Vo. _mP| åhQ>bob| gd© amhV| `oW| d AmnU OmVmo H$moR>o
`mMm nÎmm{h Zmht. AZoH$ OÝ_ Pmë`m_wi| _m`~mn|{h AZoH$ Pmbt, na§Vw
AmnUm~amo~a Ë`m§Vrb gVV Ag| H$moUrM Zmht. _J _mP| Ag| H$moUmbm
åhUmd| ? Vwdm§ ^mo{Jë`m nwZamd¥{ÎmŸ& Eogt _m`~mn| {H$VtŸ& òr H$Ý`m nwÌ
hmoVrŸ& bjmZbjŸ&& (Xm. 3-10-51) Agm _wÔm_ {ddoH$ Ho$ë`mZ| _Zm§V
d¡am½` CËnÞ hmoV|, nU V| j{UH$ Z amhVm§ ÑT> hmoÊ`mgmR>t gËg§JmMt Oê$ar
Amho. Xohm{^_mZ Imob _wim§V Agë`m_wi| Ë`mM| g_yi CƒmQ>Z g‚mZghdmgm§V
{_iUmè`m kmZmZ|M hmoV|. Vmo XwY©a Xohm{^_mZŸ& kmVonUt A{V Xmê$UŸ& `mM|
g_yi {ZX©iUŸ& gËg§J OmU ñd`| H$arŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 28-38) åhUyZ ""gXm
g§JVr g‚mZmMr Yamdr.''
~am {ZíM`mo emœVmMm H$amdmŸ&
åhUo Xmg g§Xoh Vmo drgamdmŸ&
KS>rZ| KS>r gmW©H$mMr H$amdrŸ&
gXm g§JVr g‚mZmMr YamdrŸ&&167Ÿ&&
XohAh§H$mam_wi| òrnwÌm{XH$m§{df`t hmoUmam _moh Xya H$ê$Z {ddoH$~imZ|
g‚mZg§JVtV ^«_{Zamg H$amdm d OÝ__aUmnmgyZ _wŠV ìhmd|, Ag| _mJrb
ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. g‚mZ-g§JVtV _w»`ËdoH$ê$Z "AmnU H$moU' `m~ÔbMm
g§e` Xya H$ê$Z KoD$Z Amnë`m emœV ñdê$nmMm {Zü` H$ê$Z ¿`mdm d ZaXohm§Mo
gmW©H$ H$amd|, Ag| `m g_mamonmÀ`m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
AkmZmZ| _r åhUOo Xoh Aer ÑT> ~w{Õ Pmbr Agë`m_wi| _bm OÝ_
Amho, _aU Amho Aem ^«_m§V _Zwî` Amnb| OrdZ H§$R>rV AgVmo. ñdV:M|
A_a Ag| AmË_ñdê$n AgVm§{h Xohm{^_mZm_wi| Vmo g§e`m§V, Ag_mYmZ§mV
dmdaVmo. Xohmbm AmS>dUmè`m {df`gwIm§V Vmo a§JyZ Jobm H$s¨ AmnU H$moU
`mM| kmZ H$ê$Z ¿`md| Ag| Ë`mbm dmQ>VM Zmht. AmË_kmZ {da{hV g§e`r
OrdZ h| Kmoa nmn hmo`, Ag| kmZmo~m åhUVmV. åhUD${Z g§e`mhÿ{Z WmoaŸ&
Am{UH$ Zmht nmn KmoaŸ& hm {dZmemMr dmJwaŸ& àm{U`mgrŸ&&
(km. 4-203) `mgmR>t emídVmMm åhUOo AmË_ËdmMm, AmË_ËdmMm åhUOo
332 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 333

{gÕ Agboë`m Amnë`m AmË_ñdê$nmMm AmË_kmZmZ| {Zü` H$ê$Z KoD$Z
{Z:g§Xoh hmoD$Z _mZdmZ| {Ma§VZ g_mYmZm§V ahmd|, Ag| Z Pmë`mg Vmo
AmË_hË`mam R>aVmo. kmZo{dU n«m{U`m§gr§ Ÿ& OÝ__¥Ë`y bj Mm¡è`m§grŸ&
{VVwŠ`m AmË_hË`m Ë`mgrŸ& åhUmoZ AmË_hË`mamŸ&& (Xm. 8-7-24)
_mZdmMr gd© YS>nS> gXm gwIr Agmd| `mgmR>t Amho. hr Ë`mMr B©ÀN>m Zída
{df`mon^moJmZ| nyU© hmoV Zmht, nU Vr AmË_{Zü`mZ| nyU© hmoVo. åhUyZ emœVmMm
~am {Zü` H$amdm Ag| gm§JVmV. {gÜX AgVm§ AmË_kmZŸ& g§Xoh dmT>dr
Xohm{^_mZŸ& `mH$maU| g_mYmZŸ& AmË_{Zü`| amImd|Ÿ&& (Xm. 5-10-36)
Ord hm ~«÷M Amho Ag| kmZ EH$m ZaXohm§VM hmoV|. Am{U ZaXoh hm
daModa àmá hmoV Zmht. `mgmR>t _mZdmZ| Am`wî`mMm àË`oH$ jU _mobmMm
g_OyZ gmW©H$s¨ bmdmdm. Á`mÀ`m H$[aVm§ O| {Z`V Amho V| H$aÊ`m§V Jobobm
H$mi gmW©H$s¨ bmJbm Ag| g_Omd|. A{Z`V H$_mªV Jobobr KS>r hr ì`W©
Joë`mgmaIr hmo`. _mZdOÝ_ hm ZamMm Zmam`U hmoÊ`mgmR>t Amho. åhUyZ Am`wî`
g§nÊ`mnydu AmË_{hV gmYU| h| Ë`mM| AmÚ H$V©ì` hmo`. h| {hV ghO gmYVm
`mdo§, àË`oH$ KS>r gmW©H$s¨ bmJmdr åhUyZ X`miy g§VmZt ^{º$bm àmYmÝ` {Xb|
Amho. g_W© åhUVmV - h[a^{º$drU| OmD§$ ZoXr jUŸ& `m Zm§d bjU
gmW©H$mM|Ÿ&& H§$Oyf _Zwî` Amnb| amoOM| H$_© H$arVM AgVmo. na§Vw Ë`mM| gd©
bj AgV| {VOmoarVrb YZmÀ`m R>odrH$S>o. VÛV {ZË` ì`dhma Mmby§ Agbm
Var Amnbo bj Agmd| öX`ñW AmË_mam_mH$S>o. MmbVm§ ~mobVm§ Y§Xm
H$arVm§Ÿ& ImVm§ Oo{dVm§ gwIr hmoVm§Ÿ& ZmZm Cn^moJ ^mo{JVm§Ÿ& Zm_ {dgê§$
Z`oŸ&& (Xm. 4-3-7)
`m Zm_qMVZmZ| gmYH$ Zdì`m AmË_{ZdoXZ ^º$sMm A{YH$mar hmoVmo.
hr eodQ>Mr ^{º$ KS>ë`m{edm` gwQ>H$m Zmht. Zd_r ^{º$ AmË_{ZdoXZŸ& Z
hmoVm§ Z MwHo$ OÝ__aUŸ& h| dMZ gË` à_mUŸ& AÝ`Wm ZìhoŸ&& (Xm. 4-
9-25) h| AmË_{ZdoXZ hmoÊ`mgmR>t g‚mZg§JVrMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho.
AmË_ñdê$nm{df`t empãXH$ ~moY {H$Vr{h Pmbm Var {Z:g§Xoh d¥{Îm hmoD$Z
AZw^dmM| kmZ hmoÊ`mgmR>t gËg§J hm Amdí`H$M Amho. Xmg~moYmM|
{Zê$nU H$ê$Z{h g_W© åhUVmV, ""{Zamo{nb| {Zü`mM| bjUŸ& nar
h| Z H$io gËg§Jo{dUŸ& g§Vmgr Jobr`m§ eaUŸ& g§e`o VwQ>VrŸ&&''
(Xm. 5-10-39)
H$ar d¥{Îm Omo g§V Vmo g§V OmUmŸ&
XwamemJwU| Omo Zìho X¡Ý`dmUmŸ&
CnmYt Xoh|~w{ÕV| dmT>drVoŸ&
nar g‚mZm Ho${d ~mYy§ eHo$ VoŸ&&168Ÿ&&
g‚mZg§JVtV Amnbo g§e` Xya H$ê$Z KoD$Z Amnë`m AmË_ñdê$nmMm
{Zü` H$ê$Z ¿`mdm d _mZdr OrdZmM| gmW©H$ H$amd|, Ag| _mJrb íbmoH$m§V
gm§{JVb|. nU Á`mMr g§JV Yamd`mMr Vmo g‚mZ AgVmo H$gm, h| `m íbmoH$m§V
gm§JVmV.
emœV Am{U AemûdV Aem dñVy§Mm Amnë`m _Zmet {ZdmS>m H$ê$Z
Omo Amnbr d¥{Îm emœV Aem ~«÷ñdê$nt {ñWa H$[aVmo Vmo g§V OmUmdm. g§V
`m eãXmMo em§V d na~«÷ Ago XmoZ AW© AmhoV. åhUyZ Omo ~«÷{ZîR> AgVmo
d JmoS> dmUrZ| bmoH$m§M|hr g_mYmZ H$[aVmo Vmo g§V hmo`. Omo OmUob ^Jd§VŸ&
V`m Zm§d ~mo{bOo g§VŸ& Omo emœV Am{U AmemœVŸ& {ZdmS>m H$arŸ& (Xm.
6-1-16) Ia| g§VËd ~{ha§Jmdê$Z H$iÊ`mOmoJ| Zgë`m_wi| ZrQ> bj R>odyZM
Ë`mMr nmaI H$amdr bmJVo. OoW| _w»`Ëdo§H$ê$Z XmoZ bjU| {XgyZ `oVmV VoW|
g§VËd Amho Ago g_Omd|.
g§V hm OZm_Ü`| dmJVmo, dmdaVmo, nU OZmdoJù`m Jmoï>r gm§JVmo.
^{ŠVZr{V, kmZ, Y_©, AmMma `m{da{hV AÝ` Jmoï>r Vmo ~mobV Zmhr. O|
~mobmd`mM| V| AmË_{hVmM|, Zmht Va _m¡Z ñdrH$mê$Z em§V{MÎm Agmd`mM|,
Agm Ë`mMm ñd^md AgVmo.
nU _w»` bjU åhUOo {MÎmmÀ`m g_mYmZVo_wi| Vmo {Z[aÀN>, {Z…ñn¥h
AgVmo. Xwamem åhUOo Xwï> Amem, àn§Mm{df`t ñdmW©na Amem. hrM X¡Ý`mbm
H$maU hmoVo. H$m§ht AnojoZ| hmV nwT>| Pmbm H$s¨ X¡Ý` Amb|M.
nU {Ì^wdZm§V{h Z {_iUmè`m Aem na_mZ§X gwIm§V {Z_¾Agboë`m
g§Vmg Anojm H$emMr AgUma, Am{U X¡Ý` H$moRy>Z `oUma ? åhUyZ {ZanojVm
ho g§VmM| _wI bjU hmo`. Omo àË`j ^JdÐÿn hmoD$Z am{hbm Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt
X¡Ý` H$g| Caob ? lrH¥$îU CÕdmbm åhUVmV, ""{Zanoj Omo _mPm ^º$Ÿ& Vmo
_Og_mZ g_W©Ÿ& ho§hr ~mobUo AmåhmM `oWoŸ& Vmo {_{M {Z{üV {MÐÿn|Ÿ&&''
(Zm. ^m. 20-415)
H$er{h n[a{ñWVr Ambr Var Vmo S>J_JV Zmht. H$maU Ë`mMr
Xoh~w{Õ g_yi Zï> Pmbobr AgVo. _bm åhUOo Xohmbm ~ao dmQ>md| åhUyZ
334 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 335

_Zwî`mMm gd© IQ>mQ>mon Mmby AgVmo. Ë`mgmR>t AZoH$ àmn§{MH$ dñVw Jmoim H$ê$Z
Ë`m§Mm g§J«h Vmo H$arV AgVmo. nm{hOo Agboë`m dñVw {_iV Joë`m H$s¨ Xoh~w{Õ
H$_t Z hmoVm§ Vr dmT>VM OmVo. W§S>rMo \$mOrb bmS> H$ê§$ Z`oV Aer EH$ åhU
Amho. Vo Ho$ë`mg nm§Kê$Um§Mr dmT> Va hmoV OmVoM, nU eodQ>t {H$Vr{h nm§Kê$U|
KoVbt Var W§S>r dmOVoM. `mà_mU| Xoh~w{ÜX_wi| Cnm{Y dmT>Vo d CnmYtÀ`m
dmT>r~amo~a Xoh~wpÜX dmT>V OmVo.
Á`mg Xoh hrM Cnm{Y dmQ>Vo Vmo g§V AÝ` CnmYtÀ`m _mJ| H$embm
bmJob? ñdê$npñW{V ~mUboë`m g‚mZm§À`m {R>H$mUr ""_r Xoh Zìho'' hm {Zü`
~mUbobm AgVmo. Ë`m_wi| Xohm~Ôb Ë`mbm qMVm ZgVo. O| ìhmd`mMo§ Agob V|
hmoB©b d Oo§ Omd`mM| Agob V| OmB©b, `m {dMmamZ| Xoh d àmaãY `m§Mr Jm§R> KmbyZ
Vmo {ZqüV AgVmo. OoW| Xoh~wÜXrM Zmht VoW| CnmYtMr ~mYm H$m` hmoUma? ñdê$nt
bmJVm§ ~w[ÜX Ÿ& VwQ>o AdKr CnmYr Ÿ& `mH$maU| {ZamonmYr Ÿ& gmYwOZ Ÿ&& (Xm. 8-
9-50) _mJrb nm§M ûcmoH$m§V gXm g§JVr g‚mZmMr Yamdr Ag| O| nmbwnX
gm§{JVb|, Vmo g‚mZ AgVmo. Eogo§ Á`mnmer§ kmZ Ÿ& Vmo{M OmUmdm g‚mZ Ÿ&
V`mnmet g_mYmZ Ÿ& nw{eb| nm{hOo Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-1-24)
~«÷ñdê$nt d¥{Îm pñWa Pmë`m_wi| Xoh~w{Õ Zï> hmoD$Z Á`mÀ`m A§Jr§
{Z:ñn¥hVm ~mUbr Amho VmoM g§V OmUmdm, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. Agm
g§V ^oQ>ë`mg Ë`mbm H$m` {dMmamd| h| gm§JyZ Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z {Z{üV Pmboë`m {ZJw©U
AmË_ñdê$nmM| qMVZ H$ê$Z Xoh-~w{Õ g_yi Zï> H$amdr, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V
gm§JVmV.
Zgo A§V AmZ§V g§Vm nwgmdm Ÿ&
Ah§H$ma{dñVma hm Zragmdm Ÿ&
JwU|drU {ZJy©U Vmo AmR>dmdm Ÿ&
Xoho~opÜXMm AmR>dmo ZmR>dmdm Ÿ&&169Ÿ&&
~«÷{Zð> d {Z:ñn¥h Agm gËnwéf ^m½`mZ| ^oQ>ë`mg àýê$nmZ|
Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z Á`mbm A§V Zmht, O| emœV d gXmo{XV Amho Aem
~«÷ñdê$nmMm åhUOoM Amnë`m ñdê$nmMm {Zü` H$ê$Z ¿`mdm. H$maU
AmË_m hm ~÷M Amho. A§V{M Zmht V| AZ§V Ÿ& emœV Am[U gXmo{XV Ÿ&&
Amnbo emídV ñdê$n g_OyZ KoÊ`m§V {Ma§VZ gwImMm bm^ Agë`m_wi|
Ë`mbm AÝ` àmn§{MH$ àý {dMmê$ Z`oV. gËg§J hm àn§M WmQy>Z hmoÊ`mgmR>t
ZgyZ na_mWm©Mr {dñH$Q>bobr KS>r ~gdyZ KoÊ`mgmR>t Amho h| bjm§V Agmdo§.
g_W© åhUVmV H$s§, g‚mZ ^oQ>ë`mg Ë`mbm XmoZM Jmoï>r {dMmamì`mV. XmoZr
Jmoï>r Ë`m H$moUŸ& Xod H$moU AmnU H$moUŸ& `m Jmoï>tMo {ddaU Ÿ& Ho$b|Mr
H$amd| Ÿ&& (Xm. 12-3-4) `m XmoZ~ÔbM àý {dMmê$Z Amnb| g_mYmZ H$ê$Z
¿`mdo§. Ë`m§À`m ~moYm_wi| Xoh~w{Õbm AZwgê$Z Agbobm Ah§H$ma hm H$gm
ngaV OmVmo, h| H$iyZ `oV|. ûcmoH$ 166 _Ü`| `mM| {ddoMZ Pmb| Amho.
g§V hm Amnë`m {Zê$nUmZ| EH$mM Jmoï>rMm {Zü` H$ê$Z XoVmo. Vmo
Agm H$s¨ gd©Ì ì`mnH$ Ag| Oo {Zénm{YH$ ~«÷M¡VÝ` V|M OrdmM| ñdê$n AgyZ
OJm§V V|M EH$ gË` Amho. Ë`mda ^mg_mZ hmoUmao gd© MamMa h| Ho$di
H$ënZmê$n Amho. gmYw {Zü` H$[aVr `oH$Ÿ& AmË_m gd©Ì ì`mnH$Ÿ& `oa
ho AdK§o{M _m{`H$Ÿ& gMamMaŸ&& (Xm. 6-4-13) ñdßZmdñW|V gd© ñdßZg¥{ï>
Iar ^mgbr Var gË` ^mgb| Var OmJ¥VmdñWm Ambr H$s¨ Vr gd© ImoQ>r R>aVo,
Ë`mà_mU| AkmZmdñWo_Ü`| gd© OJ Oar gË` ^mgb| Var kmZ àmá Pmb| H$s¨
V| Ho$di H$ënZmê$n Amho ho H$iyZ `oV|. gmYyH$Sy>Z Ag| {Zü`mË_H$ kmZ
Pmb| åhUOo V| ÑT> hmoD$Z AZw^dm§V CVaÊ`mgmR>t JwUa{hV Aem
AmË_ñdê$nmM| qMVZ H$amd|.
`mbm {ZJw©U Ü`mZ Ag| åhUVmV. AkmZXe|V _y{V©Ü`mZ, Á`mbm
g_W© X§S>H$ Ü`mZ Ag| åhUVmV, h| Amdí`H$M Amho. na§Vw gËnwéfmH$Sy>Z Iam
Xod H$moUVm ho H$ië`mZ§Va, {Z{üV Pmë`mZ§Va, A§Va{Zð>m§Zt `m AmË_{MV§Zm§V
Agmd|. g§nyU© Xohmg AmË_M¡VÝ` ì`mnyZ am{hb| Agë`m_wi| Ë`mM| Ü`mZ ghO
Amho, Ë`mgmR>t EImXr AZmË_ dñVw {MÎmm§VAmUyZ Ë`mM| H$ï>mZ| Ü`mZ YaÊ`mM|
H$maU Zmht. Xohê$nr Xodim§V XoD$i ì`mnyZ VmoM EH$ AmË_mam_ Amho, Ag| gVV
AZwg§YmZ R>o{dbo åhUOo Pmb|. h| ghOÜ`mZ Amho. `m_yi| Xoh~wÕrM| ñ\w$aU
H$_r hmoV OmD$Z OrdmË`_¡Š` ghO gmYV|. ghO gm§Sy>Z gm`mgŸ& hm{M
H$moUr EH$ XmofŸ& AmË_m gm§Sy>Z AZmËå`mgŸ& Ü`mZt Y[aVrŸ&& (Xm. 14-8-
25) åhUyZ earañW AmË_M¡VÝ`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt {MÎm pñWa H$aÊ`mMm Aä`mg
H$amdm. `mbm kmZmo~m gXä`mg Ag| åhUVmV. O| ZmZmJVr nmdV|Ÿ& V| {MÎm
darb AmË_`mV|Ÿ& _J H$dU AmR>dr XohmV§oŸ& Job| H$s¨ AmhoŸ&& (km. 8-83)
{MÎm h|M Ordmbm ZmZm àH$maÀ`m AdñWm àmá H$ê$Z XoUma| Amho. IiIiUmam
336 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 337

AmoT>m ZXrbm {_iyZ {VÀ`m AmoKm~amo~a g_wÐm§V OmD$Z nS>bm H$s¨ Vmo nyd©
pñWVrbm `oV Zmht. Ë`mà_mU| M§Mb {MÎm h| {Za§Va AmË_ñdê$nt a__mU Pmb|
H$s¨ V| M¡VÝ`ê$n hmoD$Z na_mZ§X ñdê$nm§V {_iyZ OmV|. _J Xoh~wÜXrMm AmR>d
H$gm hmoUma ? Vo§{d gXä`mg| {Za§Va Ÿ& {MÎmm{g na_nwéfmMr _moha Ÿ& bmdt
_J eara Ÿ& Agmo AWdm Omdmo Ÿ&& (km. 8-82)
Xoho~w{Õ ho kmZ ~moY| Ë`Omdr Ÿ&
{ddoH|$ V`| dñVwMr ^o{Q> ¿`mdr Ÿ&
VXmH$ma ho d¥{Îm Zmht ñd^md| Ÿ&
åhUmo{Z gXm V|{M emo{YV Omd| Ÿ&&170Ÿ&&
Xod H$moU d _r H$moU `m XmoZ Jmoï>t~Ôb g§VmH$Sy>Z {Zü` H$ê$Z ¿`mdm
d AmnU ~«÷M Amhm| Agm Ë`mZt {Zü` H$ê$Z {Xbm åhUOo Xoh^md Z AmR>{dVm§
AmË_^md pñWa hmoV OmB©b Agm Aä`mg H$amdm, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbo.
Aem Aä`mgmMr Amdí`H$Vm H$m§ Amho, ho| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVmV.
AZoH$ OÝ_m§Vrb g§ñH$mam_wi| _r åhUOo Xoh d Xohmbm AmdS>Umao
eãXñnem©{X n§M{df` h| _mP| gwI Amho, Agm ~w{ÕMm {Zü` Pmbobm AgVmo
h|M AkmZ hmo`. h| AkmZ g§VmH$Sy>Z {_imboë`m kmZmZ|M Xya hmoV|. nU
g§VmH$Sy>Z AmË_kmZ Pmb| Var ~wÕrMr XohmH$S>o d {df`mH$S>o YmdÊ`mMr
àd¥{Îm bJoM ~§X hmoV Zmhr§. `mgmR>t JwénmgyZ ldU Ho$boë`m AmË_kmZmMm ZrQ>
{dMma H$ê$Z AmË_ñdê$nt ~w{Õ pñWa H$aÊ`mMm Aä`mg H$amdm bmJVmo. OgOer
hr pñWaVm dmT>V OmVo, VgVer Xoh~w{Õ H$_r hmoV OmVo.
{ddoH$mZ| ~«÷ê$n hmoÊ`mgmR>t AmnU n§MH$moemVrV Amhmo, Ag| kmZ
{ZË` OmJ¥V R>odU| h| _hÎdmM| Amho. n§MH$moemZ| AmÀN>m{XV Pmbobm AmË_m
ñdV:À`m ñdê$n{dñ_aUm_wi| g§gmamV AS>H$Vmo. åhUyZ `m n§MH$moemM| kmZ
Amdí`H$ Amho. `mMm WmoS>Š`m§V {dMma nmhÿ§.
Ag§»` Šboe XoUmao åhUyZ `m§Zm H$moe Ag| åhUVmV. ho H$moe
nm§M AmhoV. (1) AÞ_` H$moe - AÞm_wi| ewH«$ d emo{UV CËnÞ hmoV|. Ë`m_wi|
XohmMr CËn{Îm hmoVo d AÞmdaM XohmMr dmT> hmoVo. åhUyZ ñWyb Xoh hm
AÞ_` H$moe hmo`. (2) àmU_` H$moe - H$_]{Ð`m§gh Omo àmU Vmo àmU_`
H$moe. (3) _Zmo_` H$moe - kmZ|{Ð`| d _Z {_iyZ hmoVmo Vmo. (4) {dkmZ_`
H$moe-kmZ|{Ð`| d ~wÜXr {_iyZ hmoVmo Vmo. àmU_`, _Zmo_` d {dkmZ_` `m VrZ
H$moem§Mm g_mdoe gyú_ Xohm§V hmoVmo. (5) AmZ§X_` H$moe - {à`, _moX, d à_moX
`m VrZ d¥ÎmtZo `wº$ O| O| kmZ Vmo AmZ§X_` H$moe hmo`. {à` åhUOo nm{hOo Agboë`m
dñVyÀ`m Xe©ZmZo§ hmoUmam g§Vmof. _moX åhUOo Vr dñVw àmá Pmë`mZ| hmoUmam g§Vmof
d à_moX åhUOo Ë`m dñVyÀ`m Cn^moJmZ| hmoUmam g§Vmof. `m H$moemMm g_mdoe
H$maU Xohm§V hmoVmo. `mà_mU| VrZ Xohm§V nm§M H$moe g_m{dï> hmoVmV.
Jwê$H$Sy>Z `m nm§M H$moem§M| {ddaU EoHy$Z {dMma Ho$bm AgVm§ ñWyb,
gyú_ d H$maU `m VrZ Xohm§Mo AmnU Ðï>o Amhm|, OmJ¥{V, ñdßZ d gwfw{á `m VrZ
AdñWm§Mo AmnU gmjr Amhm|, d AÞ_`, àmU_`m{X n§MH$moemhÿZ AmnU {Zamio
AgyZ g{ƒXmZ§X AmË_ñdê$n Amhm| Ag| R>aV|. `m kmZmZo§ Xoh~wÜXrMm {dga nmS>rV
Omd|. Xoh^mZ h| kmZeó| IwS>md| Ÿ&& Ag| nwT>| 188 ì`m íbmoH$m§V åhQ>bo Amho.
Amnbr d¥{Îm ñd^mdV: XohmH$ma Amho, VXmH$ma åhUOo AmË_mH$ma Zmht. åhUyZ
à`ËZm§Mr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. gËnwéfm§Zt Omo gmYZ _mJ© gm§{JVbm Amho Ë`m
_mJm©Z| OmD$Z na~«÷mMm emoY ¿`mdm d VoW| d¥{Îm pñWa H$amdr. ~w{Õ{Zü`o§
AmË_kmZ Ÿ& ~«÷ê$n ^mdr AmnUm AmnU Ÿ& ~«÷{Zð>m amIo nyU© Ÿ&
VËnam`U Ah{Z©et Ÿ&& (km. 5-87)
Ago gma gmMma V| Mmoab|go Ÿ&
Bht bmoMZt nmhVm§ X¥í` ^mgo Ÿ&
{ZamH$ma {ZJy©U V| AmH$ioZm Ÿ&
Ah§Vm JwU| H$pënVm§hr H$ioZm Ÿ&&171Ÿ&&
AmË_kmZmZ| Xoh~wÜXrMm hiyhiy Ë`mJ H$arV {ddoH$mZ| na~«÷ñdê$n
Aem AmË_ñdê$nmMr ^oQ> ¿`mdr. {MÎmd¥{Îm hr ñd^mdV: VXmH$ma Zgë`m_wi|
Agm à`ËZ H$amdm bmJVmo, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. VXmH$ma d¥{Îm Z
hmoÊ`m_Ü`| _w»` AS>MU Ah§d¥{Îm åhUOo XohAh§Vm hrM Amho, Ag| `m
íbmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
OJm§V gË` Aer Or dñVw Amho Vr Jwá Amho. M_©MjyZ| Vr nmhÿ§
Joë`mg ~mø Ñí` åhUOo OJ VodT>o§ {XgV|, na§Vw Iar dñVw AZw^dmbm `oV
338 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 339

Zmht. OJm§V gwÕm§ nwîH$i {R>H$mUt _w»` J«mø ^mJ Mmoê$Z Agë`mM| {XgyZ
`oV|. ^wgm§V YmÝ`, H$ad§Q>rV Imo~a|, gmonQ>m§V H$Urg, Q>a\$bm§V ~Xm_ ~r ht
JwßVnU|M AgVmV. Zída nXmWmªMr Oa hr pñW{V Va gwú_, emœV, gdm©Yma
Ag| na~«÷ Ñ{ï>AmS> XSy>Z am{hë`mg Ë`m§V Zdb V| H$m`? S>moù`mZ| V| nmhÿ§
Joë`mg qnS> d ~«÷m§S> hm ~mø Ñí` XoImdm VodT>m {XgUma.
Á`m nXmWmªÀ`m {RH$>mUt JwU d AmH$ma AgVmV Vo M_©Mjy§Zm {Xgy§
eH$VmV. na§Vw na~«÷ h| {ZJw©U {ZamH$ma Agë`m_wi| S>moù`m§Mm {df` hmoD§$
eH$V Zmht. Vgo§M JwU d AmH$ma nXmW© H$ënZ|V `oD§$ eH$Vmo. nU na~«÷ ho|
{ZJw©U d {ZamH$ma Agë`m_wi| Ë`mMr H$ënZm H$[aVm§ `oV Zmht. H$ënZm Ho$br
H$s¨ _m`m nwT>o§ C^r amhV|. Xoh~wÕr Ho$br ~iH$Q Ÿ& Am{U ~«÷ nmhm| Jobm
YrQ> Ÿ& Vmo§ Ñí`mZ| é{Ybr dmQ> Ÿ& na~«÷mMr Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-8-43)
Xoh~w{Õ åhUOo Ah§Vm H$m`_ R>odyZ Ë`m ~«÷m{df`r {H$Vr{h H$ënZm
H$arV am{hb|, {H$Vr{h YS>nS>b| Var V| _witM H$imd`mM| Zmht - H$ënZmVrV
dñVyet H$ënZmVrV hmoD$ZM VmXmËå` gmYmd| bmJV|. ~«÷ ht H$m§ht Var EH$
A{Zdm©À` dñVw Amho, Vr OmUUmao AmnU{h H$moUr Var EH$ XohYmar {Zamio
Amhm|, Aer ^oXH$ënZm Odi ~miJyZ Ë`m AmË_ñdê$nmM| AmH$bZ H$g|
hmoB©b? AmË_H$ë`mUmW© `moJ_mJm©M| AZwð>mZ H$aUmè`m `mo½`mg{h AmnU
gm_Ï`©g§nÞ Pmbmo Ag| WmoS>|go dmQy>§ bmJb| Var hr Ah§Vm ~mYH$ R>ê$Z Xoh~w{Õ
dmT>{dVo. Aer hr KmVH$ Ah§Vm Odi R>odyZ ~«÷ñdê$nmM| AmH$bZ Ho$ìhm§{h
hmoUma Zmht. åhUmo{Z Xoh~w{Õ ho PS>o Ÿ& VarM na_mW© KS>o Ÿ& Xoh~wÜXrZ|
{dKS>o Ÿ& EoŠ`Vm ~«÷mMr Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-2-39)
ñ\w$ao drf`t H$ënZm Vo A{dÚm Ÿ&
ñ\w$ao ~«÷ ao OmU _m`m gw{dÚm Ÿ&
_wit H$ënZm Xmoén| Vo{M Ombr Ÿ&
{ddoH|$ Var ñdñdê$nt {_imbr Ÿ&&172Ÿ&&
gË` Ag| O| ~«÷VÎd V| {ZamH$ma {ZJw©U d Jwá Agë`m_wi|
M_©Mjy§Zm Ë`mMo Iao ñdê$n H$iV Zmht Am{U {H$Vr{h H$ënZm Ho$ë`m Var
Ah§Vm Agon`ªV Ë`mM| AmH$bZ hmoV Zmht, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|.
na§Vw {ddoH$`wº$ ~«÷^mdZoZ| Ah§H$ma Xya H$arV Joë`mg ñdñdê$ngmjmËH$ma
hmoVmo, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
A{dÚm åhUOo H$m` `mM| ñnï>rH$aU ""A{dÚm JwU| _mZdm D$_OoZm''
`m 143 ì`m ûcmoH$m§Vrb MaUm§V Pmb| Amho. åhUyZ `m ûcmoH$mnwaVm {VMm
{dMma nmhÿ§. `m A{dÚoMt XmoZ H$m`] AmhoV. (1) AmdaU - h| ñdñdê$nmda
nm§Kê$U KmbyZ Ë`mbm PmHy$Z Q>m{H$V|. Ë`m_wi| Amnb| ñdê$n H$m`, AmnU
H$moU, ho H$iV Zmht. h|M AkmZ hmo` (2) {djon - åhUOo EH$ AgVm§ ^bV|
^mg{dV| Ë`m_wi| {dnarV kmZ hmoV|. AmnU ñdV: gwIñdê$n AH$m_ ~«÷ê$n
AmhmoV `mM| {dñ_aU hmoD$Z AmnU Xoh Amhmo, Ag| g_OyZ _Zwî` {df`
gwImÀ`m H$ënZm H$arV amhmVmo. åhUyZ {df`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr ñ\w$aU nmdUmar
H$ënZm Vr A{dÚm Ag| åhQ>b| Amho. hmM {dH$ën d hrM AewÜX: H$ënZm
hmo`. gmam§e, _r åhUOo Xoh Ag| dmQ>U| hrM A{dÚm hmo`.
OS> XohmhÿZ AmnU H$moUrVar doJio Amhm|, OmJ¥{V, ñdßZ, d gwfw{á
`m VrZ AdñWm§M| AmnU gmjr Amhm|, Ho$di EH$m Xohm§VM Amnb| dmñVì`
ZgyZ gd© MamMa g¥[ï> ì`mnyZ AgUmao ~«÷ AmnU Amhmo, Aem
ldU_ZZm{XH$mZ| _ZmÀ`m {R>H$mUt ÑT> hmoV OmUmè`m H$ënZm hr _m`m
gw{dÚm hmo`. `m gw{dÚoM| XmoZ àH$ma AmhoV. (1) ì`{VaoH$ ~moY :- gd©
OS> dñVy§Mm {Zamg H$ê$Z AmnU ñdV:M| AmË_M¡VÝ` OmUU| (2) AÝd`:
~moY :- OS> Ag| H$mht ZgyZ gd© H$m§ht EH$ ~«÷ê$nM Amho. OS>^mJ
AdKm {Zagmdm Ÿ& Voìhm§ AmË_m ~«÷Ëd| g_Omdm Ÿ& àW_ AZw^d hm
åhUmdm Ÿ& ì`{VaoH$ ~moY Ÿ&& `m Zm§d| AÝd` Ÿ& H$s¨ AmnU ~«÷
MamMa_` Ÿ& Ü`mZ| ~mUVm§ hm {Zü` Ÿ& OS> hr ~«÷ Agm ~mU| g_m{Y
Ÿ&& ( `. Xr. 4-746,748) ì`{VaoH$~moYmZ§o A{dÚoM| AmdaU ZîQ> hmoV| d
AÝd`~moYmZ| {djon Zï> hmoVmo. åhUyZ {hbm gw{dÚm, g§H$ën, ewÜX
H$ënZm Ag| åhUVmV. H$s¨ A{dÚoMt ê$n| XmoZr Ÿ& EH$ AmdaU EH$
{djon åhUmo{Z Ÿ& AmdaU Zmgo ì`{VaoH$ {dÚoH$ê$Zr Ÿ& {djon Zmgo
AÝd`| Ÿ&& (`. Xr. 13-1069)
_yiÀ`m EH$mM H$ënZoMr ewÜX d AewÜX Aet hr§ XmoZ ê$n| AmhoV.
Vr _yi H$ënZm åhUOo ""h[ag§H$ën'' hmo`. H$ënZm hr dmgZmê$nmZ| OÝ_
KoVo. AmnU ~hÿ ìhmd|, `m EH$mM Aì`º$ BÀN>|VyZ n«H¥${VnwéfmË_H$ ìX¡V
ì`º$ Pmb|. H$ënZm Vo{M Aï>Ym àH¥${V Ÿ& Aï>Ym Vo{M H$ënZm _y{V© Ÿ&& (Xm.
340 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 341

11-1-6) åhUyZ H$ënZo_wi| nmn, H$ënZo_wi| nwÊ`, H$ënZo_wi| ~§YZ, H$ënZo_wi|
g_mYmZ Agm hm EH$mM _yi H$ënZoMm XmoZ ê$nm§V Ioi Mmby Amho. _Z h| {VM|
{H«$S>mñWmZ Amho. AewÜX A{dÚmê$nmZ| Vr {df`qMVZ H$[aVo Va ewÕ
gw{dÚmê$nmZ| Vr ~«÷qMVZ H$[aVo. {df`qMVZmMm _Zmbm ñdm^m{dH$ N>§X AgVmo
d Ë`m§À`m dmgZm_wi| gVV OÝ__aU _mJo§ bmJV|.
ht Q>miÊ`mgmR>t {ddoH$mZ| _Zmbm {df`mdê$Z ~«÷qMVZmH$S>o Ý`md|
bmJV|. {ddoH$ H$[aVm§ H$[aVm§ _Z AmË_ñdê$nr brZ Pmb| åhUOo V| CÝ_Z hmoV|.
_Z h| Ho$di H$ënZmê$n AgyZ na~«÷ Va H$ënZmVrV Amho. Voìhm§ H$ënZm g_yi
Zï> Pmë`m{edm` V| ñdê$nmH$ma H$g| ìhmd|? H$ënZmê$n _Z nmhtŸ& ~«÷r
H$ënZm{M ZmhtŸ& (Xm. 7-2-11) H$ënZm Joë`m H$s¨ _ZmM| _ZnU Zmhtgo hmoD$Z
V| AmË_ñdê$nt brZ hmoV|. `mgmR>t AewÜX {df`H$ënZm OmÊ`mH$[aVm§ ~«÷{dÚoÀ`m
ewÜX H$ënZm `m ~«÷ñdê$nmbm AZwgê$Z Agë`m_wi| hiyhiy _Z VÐÿn hmoD§$
bmJV| d Ë`m ewÜX H$ënZm{h eodQ>r§ Zmhtem hmoVmV d _Z AmË_ñdê$nt brZ
hmoV|. O`mg ìX¡V ^mgb|Ÿ& V| _Z CÝ_Z Omb|Ÿ& ìX¡VmìX¡VmM| VwQ>b|Ÿ& AZwg§YmZŸ&&
(Xm. 7-5-12) Aer Ho$di ñdñdê$npñW{V amhVo.
ñdê$nt CXobm Ah§H$maamhmoŸ&
VoU| gd© AmÀN>m{Xb| ì`mo_ nmhmoŸ&
{Xem nmh§Vm V| {Zem dmT>VmhoŸ&
{ddoH|$ {dMma| {dd§My{Z nmh|Ÿ &&173Ÿ&&
EH$mM _yi g§H$ënm§VyZ {Z_m©U hmoUmè`m A{dÚm d gw{dÚm `m§Mo| bjU
gm§JyZ ewÕ H$ënZoZ| AewÕ H$ënZm Zmhrer H$amdr åhUOo ewÕ H$ënZm{h eodQ>r
~«÷ñdê$nt brZ hmoVo, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. `m gmYZ_mJmªV AmS>
`oUma _w»` nmnJ«h åhUOo amhÿê$nr XohAh§H$ma hmo`. åhUyZ Ë`mH$S>o {deof bj
Úmd|, Ag| `m íbmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
AmH$memgma»`m ì`mnH$ Aem ~«÷ñdê$nmÀ`m {R>H$mUt Ah§H$maê$nr
amhþ CX`mbm `oD$Z Vmo `m ì`mo_mH$ma ñdê$nmbm{h PmHy$Z Q>m{H$Vmo. Ë`m_wi| {Xem
nmhmd`mg Omd| Va gd© OJm§V AkmZê$n A§YH$ma ngabobm {XgVmo. åhUOo
ñdñdê$ngmjmËH$ma hmoÊ`mbm Ah§H$mamM| _moR>| {d¿Z AmS> `oV|.
EdT>mgm hm XohAh§H$ma ì`mo_mH$ma na~«÷mbm H$gm AmÀN>mXyZ
Q>m{H$Vmo ? `mM| CÎma Ag| Amh| H$s¨, ÑT> Agbobr Xoh~w{Õ O| O| H$mhr ^mgV|
VodT>o|M gË` _m{ZV|. Ñí`mnbrH$S>o H$m§ht gyú_ loð>, ì`mnH$ Aer dñVw Agob
Agm {VMm {dûdmgM ZgVmo, Ë`m_wi| EH$ Ñí` g¥ï>r qH$dm EH$ X|h EdT>§oM gË`
hmo`, Ag| {Vbm dmQ>V|. Am{U Ñí`mnbrH$S>o {Vbm gd© A§Yma ^mgVmo. AmVm§
Agmo h| ~mobU|Ÿ& ~«÷ Z nm{dOo _rnU|Ÿ& Xoh ~wÕrMr bjUoŸ& Ñí` ^m{dVrŸ&&
(Xm. 6-8-45) `mMm n[aUm_ Agm hmoVmo H$s¨ {XgUmam Xoh VodT>m _r Ord Amho,
_bm OÝ__aU Amho, _r H$_©H$Vm© Agë`m_wio nmnnwÊ`m{X Ho$boë`m H$_m©Mt \$i|
_bm ^moJmdt bmJUma åhUyZ _bm ~§YZ Amho BË`m{X H$ënZm hr Xoh~w{Õ ÑT>
Yê$Z AgVo. Xohm§V AgyZ{h XohmnmgyZ A{bá, A_a, Ag| Amnb| AmË_ñdê$n
Amho, hm {dMmaM {Vbm ghZ hmoV Zmht. _r Ord _O ~§YZ& _O Amho OÝ__aUŸ&
Ho$ë`m H$_m©M| \$i AmnU& ^moJrZ AmVm§Ÿ&& (Xm.8-7-6) EdT>çmem `m H$moË`m
~wÜXrZ| Amnë`m ì`mnH$ d emœV ñdê$nmbm àmUr _wH$Vmo d g§g¥VrÀ`m \o$è`m§V
AS>Hy$Z amhVmo. _r Ord Eogm g§H$ënŸ& ÑT> Y[aVm§ Jobo H$ënŸ& VoU| àmUr Ombm
AënŸ& Xoh~wÜXrMmŸ&& (Xm. 8-7-5) ñdñdê$nmÀ`m AmS> `oUmam, Ë`mbm J«mgyZ
Q>mH$Umam Agm hm Ah§H$maê$nr amhw Amho åhUyZ AmË_gmjmËH$ma hmoV Zmht.
`mgmR>t {ddoH$mZo| åhUOo AmË_ZmË_ {ddoH$mZ|, {dMmamZ| åhUOo ~«÷m§S>mMm
gmamgma {dMma H$ê$Z Am{U {dd§My{Z åhUOo gmYH$~mYH$ Jmoï>tMr {M{H$Ëgm
H$ê$Z AmË_gmjmËH$ma H$ê$Z ¿`mdm. {ddoH$m§Vrb amO_mJ© åhUOo AmnU H$moU
`mMm {Zü` H$ê$Z ¿`mdm. AmnU H$moU H$moR>| H¢$MmŸ& Eogm _mJ© {ddoH$mMmŸ&&
(Xm. 11-8-24) {eVmdê$Z Oer ^mVmMr narjm hmoVo, Ë`mà_mU| ñdV:Vrb
AmË_M¡VÝ` AZw^dmbm Ambo§ åhUO| ~«÷m§S>m§Vrb AZoH$ àm{U_mÌm§V V|M EH$
emœV ñdê$n Agë`mM| H$iyZ `oV|. `mgmR>t _rÀ`m emoYm§V ñdV:À`m Xohm§Vrb
gd© VÎdmMm PmS>m KoV Job| åhUO| _r Agm H$moUrM ZgyZ n§MH$moemVrV EH$
AmË_M¡VÝ`M Amho d V|M Amnb| ñdê$n hmo`, h| H$iyZ `oV| d Xoh~w{Õ ZîQ> hmoVo.
VÎd| VÎd Ooìhm§ CS>oŸ& Voìhm§ Xoh~w{Õ PS>oŸ& {Z_©i {Züi Mhÿ§H$S>oŸ& {Za§OZŸ&&
(Xm. 11-8-23)
O`m MjwZ| b{jVm§ bjdoZm&
^dm ^{jVm a{jVm§ ajdoZmŸ&
j`mVrV Vmo Aj{` _moj XoVmoŸ&
X`mXj Vmo gm{jZ| nj KoVmoŸ&&174Ÿ&&
342 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 343

Ah§H$maê$nr amhÿ CX`mbm `oD$Z Vmo AmË_gy`m©bm AmÀN>mXyZ Q>mH$sV
Agë`m§_wio AmË_Xe©Z hmoV Zmhr§. `mgmR>r§ H$miOrnyd©H$ VËd{dd§MZm H$ê$Z
Xoh~w{Õ Zï> H$amdr d AmË_gmjmËH$ma gmYmdm, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbo.
`m AmË_Xe©Zm_wio§ gmYH$mM| H$moUVo {hV gmYV| h| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
hm AmË_Xod {ZamionUmZo§ nmhVm `oÊ`mOmoJm Zmht. Ah§H$mamM| {Z_y©bZ
Pmë`mZo§M Ë`mÀ`mer§ VmXmËå` hmoD$Z gmjmËH$ma hmoVmo. Vg|M M_©MjyZm Vmo
{XgV Zmht d kmZMjy{h àË`j AZw^dmÀ`m doit {XnyZ OmVmV. h| nydu 149
ì`m ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbo§M Amho. _J Aem `m {ZamH$ma, {ZJw©U, gyú_ Aem
ñdê$nmer§ VmXmËå` gmYyZ qH$dm AmË_{ZdoXZ ^{ŠV H$ê$Z (VËdPmS>mH$ê$Z)
gmYH$mM| H$moUV| {hV gmYmV|? Agm ñd^m{dH$M àý `oVmo. `mM| CÎma nwT>rb
VrZ MaUm§V XoVmV.
OÝ__aUê$nr ^dmM| åhUOo g§gmamM| Vmo ^jU H$[aVmo. Ë`m§M| ajU
H$ê§$ åhQ>b| Var V| hmoV Zmhr. _bm OÝ_ Amho d _aU Amho Ag| gË`ËdmZ|
dmQ>U| hmM g§gma d hrM OrdXem hmo`. AmË_mam_mMr ^oQ> Pmbr H$s¨ hr
OrdXem Zmhr§er hmoD$Z AmË_mam_{edm` _r Agm AÝ` H$moUr CaVM Zmht,
Va OÝ_ _aU H$moUmbm? VÎdo§ gmjËd| dmogaVtŸ& gmjËd Zwao AmË_à{MVtŸ&
AmË_m Ago Am{XA§Vt& AmnU H¢$Mm && (Xm. 4-9-14) gmjr amhÿZ AmnU
XohmMt VÎd| ~mOybm Ho$ë`mZ§Va eodQ>t AmnUhr AmË_ñdê$nm§V Zmhtgo hmoVm|
d EH$ AmË_mM CaVmo. BVa VËdm§n«_mUo§ _rnU{h Zmhrg| hmoV| Omo AmË_ê$n
Pmbm Ë`mbm OÝ__aU H$moR>M|?
XohmMm A§V hmoB©n`ªV Vmo g§gmam§V dmJV Agbm Var Ë`mbm
Ah§H$ma{da{hV Xoh^mZ AgV|. Ë`mMm Agm ÑT> {Zü` AgVmo H$s¨, gmYZ
Ambo§ XohmÀ`m _mWm§ Ÿ& AmnU Xoh Zìho gd©Wm Ÿ& Eogm H$ê$Zr AH$Vm© Ÿ&
ghO{M Ombm Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-7-6) ZmQ>H$ H$§nZtV ZQ> EH$Xm gm_rb Pmbm
åhUOo O| nS>ob V| Cƒ ZrM gm|J ¿`mdo bmJV|. nU V| gm|J åhUOo AmnU Zìho
`m {Zü`mZo§ Vmo Ogm H§$nZtV dmdaVmo. Vg|M `mM| g§gmam§V dmJUo§ AgVo. åhUyZ
EH$m§VmV Vmo AmË_mam_er VÐÿn hmoVmo d am_^OZm§V a§JyZ bm¡{H$H$ Jb~ë`m§V{h
^mJ KoVmo. Aem `m WmQ>m§V AZwHy$b AWdm à{VHy$b g§gm[aH$ n[apñWVr hr
AmË_H¥$nmM hmo` Aer Ë`mMr YmaUm AgVo. VwH$mo~m Amnbm AZw^d
gm§JVmV. Xoh^ŠVmbmJr§ H$ê§$ ZoXr g§gmaŸ& A§J| dmamdma H$é{Z R>odrŸ&&
^m½` Úmdo§ Var A§Jo^ao VmR>m Ÿ& åhUmo{Z H$a§Q>m H$amo{Z R>odr Ÿ&& ñÌr Úmdr
JwUd§Vr Vrn| Jw§Vo Amem Ÿ& åhUmoZr H$H©$em H$é{Z R>odr Ÿ&& (Jm. 1272)
Aem CËH$Q> d¡am½``wŠV ^OZmZ§Xm_wi| ñdV:À`m g§gmamgh gd© g¥{ï> h|
OJÞmQ>H$ hmo` Ag| Ë`mbm kmZ hmoVo. gH$i {_Ï`m hmoD${Z OmV|Ÿ& h| am_^OZ|
H$im| `oV| Ÿ& Ñí` km{Z`m§Mo{Z _V|Ÿ& ñdßZ O¡g|Ÿ&&( X. 6-7-43) g¥{ï>M O|W|
{_Ï`m VoW| g§gma H$moR>Mm? `m ^mdmZo§ ^dm ^{jVm a{jVm§ ""ajdoZm'' Ago
åhQ>bo§ Amho.
emœV ñdénmMm hm AmË_am_ AmË_{ZdoXZ^ŠVr_wi| ^ŠVmbm ""Amj¡''
_moj åhUOo A{dZmer åhUyZ {Z^©` Aer gm`wÁ`_w{ŠV XoVmo. gbmoH$Vm, g_rnVm,
gê$nVm Am{U gm`wÁ`Vm Aem MËdma _w{ŠV emñÌmZ| gm§{JVë`m AmhoV. na§Vw
n{hë`m VrZ _wŠVtZm Zme AgyZ Mm¡Wr gm`wÁ`- _wŠVrM emœV ñdénmMr Amho.
AmdKr`m MËdma _w{ŠV Ÿ& h| doXemó| ~mobVrŸ& V`m_Y| VrZ ZmgVr Ÿ& Mm¡Wr
A{dZmeŸ&& (Xm. 4-9-28 )
AmË_Xod hm {ZamH$ma, {ZJw©U, AO, A{H«$` Agm Oar Agbm Var
g¥{ï>H$m`mªV _m`oMm Aml` H$ê$Z Vmo B©œa ~ZVmo d gmjrê$nmZo§ gd© OJ OmUVmo.
gd©kVo_wi| g‚mZ H$moU d XwO©Z H$moU h| Ë`mbm H$iV|. åhUyZ ^ŠVH¡$dmar hmoD$Z
XwO©Zm§nmgyZ Vmo Ë`mM| ajU H$[aVm|. `mgmR>t {Za{Zamio AdVma YmaU H$ê$Zhr
^ŠVmda X`m H$aÊ`mg Vmo VËna AgVmo.
AmË_{ZdoXZ^ŠVr_wio§ g§gma{da{ŠV, gm`wÁ`_w{ŠV d nmR>rer
^JdV²e{ŠV Agm {Vhoar bm^ gmYH$mÀ`m nXat nS>Vmo. åhUyZ g_W© åhUVmV-
""AmË_m {ZJw©U {Za§OZ Ÿ& V`mgr Agmd| AZÝ`Ÿ& åh{UOo Zmht AÝ`Ÿ& AmnU
H¢$Mm VoW| &&'' (Xm. 4-9-17)
{dYr {Z{_©Vm br{hVmo gd© ^mitŸ&
nar {b{hVmo H$moU Ë`mMo H$nmir§Ÿ&
hê$ Om{iVmo bmoH$ g§hma H$mit Ÿ&
nar godQ>t e§H$am H$moU Omit Ÿ&&175Ÿ&&
S>moiçmZo§ Z {XgUmam nU emœV ñdénmMm AmË_Xod ^ŠVm§Mo
g§gma_yi Zmhtgo H$[aVmo, gm`wÁ`_w{ŠV XoVmo Am{U ^ŠV H¡$dmar AgVmo, Ag|
_mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. Agm hm gd© Xodm§Mm{h _w»` Xod AgyZ Ë`m§M|
344 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 345

ñdê$n H$m`, bmoH$ Xod H$moUmbm g_OVmV, Iam Xod Jwê${edm` H$gm H$iV
Zmht BË`m{X emœV Xodmg§~§Yr§M| {dMma `m ûcmoH$mnmgyZ 179 ûcmoH$mn`ªV
gm§JVmV. ~«÷m, {dîUw d _hoe `m bmoH$nar{MV Agboë`m VrZ Xodm§À`m nyduMm
hm Am{XXod Amho, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
`m ûcmoH$m§V {dMmabobo àýM AJXr gmoß`m d ñnï> ^mf|V
Xmg~moYm§V dU©Z Ho$bo AmhoV. Ë`m Amoì`m nm{hë`m åhUOo ghOM ûcmoH$mMm
^mdmW© g_Oob. ~«÷`mZo§ gH$i {Z{_©boŸ& ~«÷`mg H$moUo {Z_m©U Ho$b|Ÿ& {dîUyZo
{dœ nm{ib|Ÿ& {dîUyg nm{iVm H$dUwŸ&& éÐ {dœg§hmaH$Vm©Ÿ& nar H$moU éÐmg
g§ìhm[aVmŸ& H$moU H$mimMm {Z`§VmŸ& H$ibm nm{hOoŸ&& (Xm. 9-5-24, 25 )
H$nmoi åhUOo H$nmi. {ÌJwUË_H$ _m`m CËnÞ Pmbr H$s¨ g¥{ï>H$m`mªV
{VÀ`m VrZ JwUm§Mo ÚmoVH$ Ago VrZ Xod {Z_m©U hmoVmV. aOmoJwUr ~«÷Xod g¥ï>tVrb
Ag§»` Ordm§Mo§ àmaãY bjm§V KoD$Z Ë`m§Zm {Za{Zamiçm `moZr_Ü`o§ OÝ_mg KmbVmo.
nU Ë`mM| g¥{ï>H$m`©{h emœV ñdê$nmM| ZgV|. H$maU Ë`mZ| CËnÞ Ho$boë`m OrdmMm§
V_moJwUt e§H$a g§hma H$arV AgVmo. _hmH$ënmÀ`m A§Vr g¥{ï>H$Vm© ~«÷Xod d
g¥{ï>g§hmaH$ e§H$a ho XmoKo{h Zmhrgo hmoVmV. na§Vw ~«÷Xod Am{U e§H$amgh g¥{ï>
nwÝhm {Z_m©U hmoVoM.
`m ûcmoH$m§V g¥{ï>H$Vm© ~«÷m d g¥{ï>g§hmaH$ e§H$a `m XmoZ Xodm§MmM
C„oI AgyZ gÎdJwUr {dîUyMm C„oI Zmht. Y_©½bmZr_wi| g¥ï>tMr {~KS>bobr
KS>r ZrQ> ~gdyZ AdVma g§ndyZ {dlm§Vrg OmU| EdT>|M VmËnwaVo g¥{ï>H$m`©
Agë`m_wi| Ë`mMm C„oI Z H$[aVm§ gVV H$m`©aV Agboë`m XmoZ Xodm§MmM C„oI
g_WmªZr Ho$bm Agmdm. Vo åhUVmV. ""ZmZm AdVma YaUo§Ÿ& Xwï>m§Mm g§ìhma
H$aU| Ÿ& Y_© ñWmnm`mH$maU| Ÿ& {dîUyg OÝ_ Ÿ&&'' (Xm. 10-4-41)
VmËnwaV| Agmo {H$§dm gVVMo AgmoV H$moUVmhr g¥{ï>H$m`© H$aUmam Xod
H$ënm§Vr§ Oa Zmhr§gm hmoVmo d g¥{ï>M| ahmQ>JmS>J| Oa MmbyM amhV| Va `m VrZ{h
Xodm§Mm CËn{Îm, pñW{V d b` H$aUmam H$mimMm {Z`§Vm `m VrZ Xodm§hÿZ doJim
Agm H$moUr Var _w»` Xod AgbmM nm{hOo. ~«÷m {dîUw Am{U haŸ&
Ë`m§gr {Z{_©Vm Vmo{M WmoaŸ& Vmo dmoiImdm na_oœaŸ& ZmZm `ËZ| Ÿ&& (Xm.
6-1-12) Omo gd© {Z_m©U H$[aVmo, na§Vw Á`mbm {Z_m©U H$aUmam H$moUrM
AgV Zmht; Omo gdmª dS>rb AgyZ emœV Amho VmoM gdm©Mm _yi doXà{VnmÚ
AmÚ Xod hmo`. gH$im§gr {Z{_©Vm XodŸ& Xodmgr {Z{_©Vm ZgoŸ&
gdmªgr _yi Vmo Xodmo Ÿ& Xodmgr _yi ZmS>i|Ÿ&&
OJt ÛmXem{XË` ho éÐ AH«$m Ÿ&
Ag§»`mV g§»`m H$ar H$moU eH«$m§ Ÿ&
OJt Xod Yw§S>m{iVm§ AmT>ioZm Ÿ&
OZt _w»` Vmo H$moU H¡$gm H$ioZm Ÿ&&176Ÿ&&
g¥{ï>CËn{ÎmH$Vm© ~«÷Xod d g§hmaH$ e§H$a `m XmoZ ~S>çm Xodm§Mr{h
H$mb_`m©Xm R>a{dUmam H$moUr Var AÝ` _w»` emœV Xod Amho, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVbo. g¥{ï>H$m`m©V Agboë`m BVa ImbÀ`m XodVm{h H$mbmÀ`m AmoKm§V Zmhtem
hmoUmè`m Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§À`m§V emœV XodmMm emoY KoVbm Var Ë`mMm Wm§J nÎmm
bmJUma Zmht Ago§ `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
OJm§V Am{XË` ~mam AmhoV d éÐ AH$am AmhoV. ghñÌ `wJmn`ªV
AgUmè`m ~«÷XodmÀ`m EH$m {Xdgm§V Xodm{YXod B§Ð Oa Mm¡Xm hmoD$Z OmVmV Va
Ë`mnwT>o§ BVa XodVm§Mo§ Am`wî` V| {H$Vr ? gmam§e, gd© Xodm§Zm Oa nwZamd¥{Îm {XgVo,
Va Vr KS>{dUmam gd© Xodm§À`m n{bH$S>o emœV Xod H$moUr Var Agbm nm{hO|.
~mam Am{XË` AH«$m éÐ Ÿ& Zd ZmJ gá F$foœa Ÿ& ZmZm XodVm§Mo AdVma Ÿ&
EobrH$S>oŸ&& (Xm. 8-4-52 ) nwZamd¥{Îm hmoUmao gd© Xod _m{`H$ Agë`m_wio§
emœV hmoV. Ë`m Xodm§À`m Zm_énm§V {H$Vr{h Yw§S>mib| Var _m`onbrH$S>rb AemœV
Xod gmnS>Uma H$gm ? Zm_énmË_H$ Cnm{Y Xya Ho$ë`m{edm` åhUOo _m`m
Amobm§S>ë`m{edm` _w»` Xod H$iUma Zmhr. _hmÛma Amobm§S>mdo Ÿ& _J XodXe©Z
¿`mdo§Ÿ& V¡g| Ñí` V| gm§S>md| Ÿ& OmUmo{Z`m§ Ÿ&& (Xm. 8-4-58) åhUyZ CÎmamYmªV
åhUVmV H$s¨ Ñí` OJmH$S>o nmhm§d| Va Xod H$moR>| AmT>iV Zmhr Am{U XohYmar
OZmH$S>o nmhmdo§ Va ~«÷{Zð> H$moU V|{h H$iV Zmht.
VwQ>oZm \w$Q>oZm H$Xm XodamUmŸ&
MioZm T>ioZm H$Xm X¡Ý`dmUm Ÿ&
H$ioZm H$ioZm H$Xm bmoMZmgr Ÿ&
dgoZm {XgoZm OZt _rnUmgr Ÿ&&177Ÿ&&
346 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 347

Am{XË`, éÐ, BÝÐm{X Zœa Xodm§V{h _w»` XodmMm emoY bmJV
Zmht, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbo. Ë`m emœV Xodm§Mo ñdén gm§JyZ
Ah§Vm Agon`ªV Vmo AZw^dmbm `oV Zmht§, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
hm Xodm§Vrb Ywa§Ya Xod H$Yr VwQ>V Zmhr, \w$Q>V Zmhr, MmbV Zmhr d
hmbV Zmhr. Ag| {ddoMZ ûcmoH$ 147 _Ü`| Pmb| Amho. Vmo gpÀMXmZ§Xñdén,
gd©g_W© Agm Xod Agë`m_wio§ H$Xm X¡Ý`dmUm Zmht åhUOo Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt
nyU©Ëdm_wio§ X¡Ý` hm eãXM CËnÞ hmoV Zmhr§.
Ë`mM| ñdén Ñ{ï>AmS> MmoéZ Amho. ""Ah§VmJwU| H$pënVm§hr H$ioZm''
Ag| Ë`mM| dU©Z ûcmoH$ 171 _Ü`| Pmb| Amho.
`oWo BVH|$M gm§{JVbo åhUOo nwao H$s¨ Zgbob| _rnUmMo§ åhUOo Xoh~wÜXrM|
nm§Kê$U Ho$di H$ënZoZ§ YmaU H$ê$Z Omon`ªV AmnU AkmZ A§YH$mam§V dmdaV
Amhm| Vmon`ªV Ë`m _w»` XodmM| AmH$bZ hmoUma Zmht. {ddoH$mZ|o ho nm§Kê$U Xya
Pmb| H$s¨ XodmMr AmoiI nQy>Z Vmo d AmnU EH$ AmhmoV h| g_OyZ `oV|. AmnU
H$pënb| _rnUŸ& _rnU emo{YVm§ Zwao OmUŸ& _rnU Jo{b`m§ {ZJw©UŸ& AmË_m
ñd`|Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-3-29) g_W© åhUVmV H$s¨ H$moUt{h H$Yr{h `m Xodm{YXodm§Mo
CÀN>mXZ H$ê§$ eH$V Zgë`m_wio§ d V|M Amnbo ñdV:Mo§ ñdén Agë`m_wi| am_Xmg
hm `m emœV XodmMm {Zü` H$ê$Z Ë`mMrM CnmgZm H$[aVmo. {Za§OZm Xodm H$moUr
CÀN>oXrZmŸ& \w$Q>oZm VwQ>oZm H$Xm H$mirŸ& H$XmH$m§it Xod nS>oZm PS>oZmŸ& ÑT> CnmgZm
am_XmgrŸ&& (ñ\y$. ûcmo.)
O`m _mZbm Xod Vmo ny{OVmho Ÿ&
nar Xod emoYyZ H$moUr Z nmho Ÿ&
OJt nmhVm§ Xod H$moQ>çmZH$moQ>r Ÿ&
O`m_mZbr ^{ŠV Oo Vo{M _moR>r Ÿ&&178Ÿ&&
emœV Xod hm Z VwQ>Umam, Z \w$Q>Umam, gd© g_W© Agm AgyZ _rnU Xya
Pmë`m{edm` Vmo H$iUma Zmht, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. nU XodmMo§ Ia|
ñdê$n Z OmUVm§ _Z _mZob Vmo Xod g_OyZ ~hþOZ XodnyOZ qH$dm ^{ŠV H$er
H$[aVmV, h| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
AmpñVH$ _Zwî` hm Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr§ Agboë`m ñdm^m{dH$ lÜXobm
AZwgê$Z Ë`mbm AmdS>Umè`m Xodm§Mo§ ^OZ - nyOZ H$arV AgVmo.
_Zwî`ñd^mdmMo§ Ogo AZoH$ {d{MÌ àH$ma AmhoV. VgoM Xod{h AZoH$ {d{MÌ
àH$maMo AmhoV. MmoamMm Xod åhgmo~m, Va gmdmMm {dîUw, Jm|YiçmMr Xodr Va
dm¿`mMm I§S>mo~m, H$moUmbm e§H$a AmdS>Vmo Va H$moUmbm {dÇ>b, H$moUmbm _mé{V
Va H$moUmbm JUn{V, H$moUr àË`j Agbobo A{¾, gy`© M§Ðm{X Xod _mZVmV Va
H$moUr hmoD$Z Joboë`m AdVmam§Mo nyOZ H$[aVmV. Ogo Xod AZoH$ Vet Ë`m§Mr§ àVrH|${h
AZoH$. _mVrMo Xod, nmfmUm§Mo Xod, YmVy§Mo Xod, H$mð>m§Mo Xod, {MÌbon, Q>mH$, ZmUt
Aet nyOoMt AZoH$ àVrH|$ AmhoV. CX§S> CnmgZoMo ^oXŸ& {H$Vr H$amdo {deXŸ&
AmnbmboAmdS>rMm doYŸ& bmJbm OZtŸ&& (Xm. 19-5-4)
gm_mÝ`V: Zm_ê$nYmar _Zwî`mbm àW_V: {ZamH$ma {ZJw©U XodmMr H$ënZm
PonV Zmhr. Ë`mbm Zm_ê$nYmar XodM AmdS>Vmo. ì`mdhm[aH$ gÎm|V Agboë`m
^ŠVmbm ì`mdhm[aH$ gÎm|Vrb XodM _mZdVmo. àVrH$ Zgob Va Ë`mZ| XodnyOZ H$g|
H$amd| ? J§Y H$moUmbm bmdmd| ? \w$b| H$moR>| dmhmdrV ? Z¡odoÚ H$moUmbm g_n©U
H$amdm ? åhUyZ {^Þê${Mà_mUo d A{YH$mamZwgma AZoH$ Xodm§Mo AZoH$ àVrH$m§À`m
Ûmam nyOZ Pmb| åhUyZ H$m§hr {~KS>V Zmht. BVHo$M Zìho Va h| Jm¡U nyOZ {ZîH$m_nU|
d Iè`m XodmM| kmZ hmoD$Z Pmë`mg loîR> àVtMo R>aV|. A{YH$mamZwgma gdmªZm
^{ŠV H$[aVm§ `mdr åhUyZ JrV|V åhQ>bo Amho H$s¨ `mo `mo `m§ `m§ VZw§ ^ŠV:
lÕ`m{M©Vw{_ÀN>{VŸ& Vñ` Vñ`mMbm§ lÕm§ Vm_od {dXYmå`h_²Ÿ&& (^. Jr.
7-21) Omo Á`m XodVoM| nyOZ lÕoZ| H$[aVmo Ë`mMr Ë`m Xodmdarb lÕm _r pñWa
H$[aVmo, Ag| ^JdmZ åhUVmV. {Za{Zamù`m XodVm§À`m ê$nmZ| Pmbob| h| nyOZ
eodQ>t _w»` XodmgM nmohmoMV Agë`m_wi| `m gd© Xodm§Zm _mZb| nm{hOo Ag|
g_W©{h åhUVmV. ZmZm Xodt ^OZ Ho$b|Ÿ& V| _yi nwê$fmgr nmdb|Ÿ&
`mH$maU| gÝ_m{ZboŸ& nm{hOo gH$i H$m§htŸ&& (Xm. 19-5-14) na§Vw `m
{Za{Zamù`m Xodm§À`m ê$nmZ| nyOm KoUmam Xod EH$M Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§Mr
AmoiI Omon`ªV hmoV Zmht Vmon`ªV h| nyOZ Jm¡U Amho, AkmZÚmoVH$ Amho,
A{d{Ynyd©H$ Pmbob| nyOZ Amho. åhUyZ Xwgè`m MaUm§V ""nar Xod emoYy{Z H$moUr Z
nmho'' Ag| åhUVmV. amOm H$moU h| _m{hV ZgVm§Zm nwT>o§ {XgUmè`m _moQ>maÀ`m
Vm§~S>çm nmQ>rg Ho$bobm Z_ñH$ma hm AàË`jnU| amOmbm Agbm Var àË`jnU|
Vm§~S>çm nmQ>rbm hmoVmo. åhUyZ Xod AmoiIyZ Z_ñH$ma Ho$bm nm{hOo d Ë`mM| ^OZ
Ho$b| nm{hOo. ^JdmZ² åhUVmV H$s¨ AÝ` XodVm§Mo nyOZ H$aUmao gwÕm AkmZnyd©H$
348 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 349

_mP|M nyOZ H$[aVmV. `o@ß`Ý` XodVm ^ŠVm `O§Vo lÕ`mpÝdVm:Ÿ& Vo@{n _m_od
H$m¢Vo` `O§Ë`{d{Ynyd©H$_²Ÿ&& (^. Jr. 9-23) earam§Vrb Xe|{Ð`m§Zr godZ
Ho$bobo {df` eodQ>t EHo$ {R>H$mUr åhUOo ^moŠË`mbmM nmohmoMVmV. h| Ia| Agbo
Var AÝZ Im`M| V| _wImZ|M Im„o nm{hOo, dmg hm ZmH$mZ|M KoVbm nm{hOo, Ë`mà_mU|
_mP| nyOZ AmË_Ëd|H$ê$Z åhUOo _mÂ`mM ^mdZoZ| OmUyZM Ho$b| nm{hOo, Ag|
^JdmZ åhUVmV. VoW agw Vmo _wIo§{M godmdmŸ& n[a_iy Vmo K«mU|{M ¿`mdmŸ&
V¡gm _r Vmo `OmdmŸ& _r{M åhUmoZrŸ && (km. 9-349)
na_mË_^md Z OmUVm§ AkmZmZ| hmoUmè`m `m AZoH$ Xod§mÀ`m
^ŠVr_wi| H$m§ht nwÊ` g§M` hmoB©b, VmËnwaV| ^OZgwI dmQ>ob, H$m§hr H$m_Zm{h
{gÕrbm OmVrb. na§Vw CnmgZoMo eodQ>tŸ& Xodm§ ^ŠVm§ AI§S> ^oQ>rŸ&& (Xm. 18-
2-30) h| O| CnmgZoM| d_© V| H$iUma Zmhr d _wŠVpñW{V àmßV hmoUma Zmht.
^mVmMr H$m§Or {nD$Z A_¥VH$im H$er `oUma ? V¡g| ñWybmH$mat Zm{ed§VoŸ& ^a§dgm
~m§Ymo{Z {MÎm|Ÿ& nmhVr _O A{dZmemV|Ÿ& Var H¢$Mm {Xg| ? Ÿ&& (km. 9-
152) Ag| ^JdmZ åhUVmV.
AmËå`mM| ì`mnH$Ëd Z H$ië`m_wio§ AkmZ ^ŠVtV AmUIr{h EH$
Xmof CËnÝZ hmoÊ`mOmoJm AgVmo. Vmo hm H$s¨ ^ŠVmbm OS> àVrH$m§V OodT>| _hËd d
ào_ dmQ>Vo VodT>| M¡VÝ``wŠV àm{U_mÌmÀ`m {R>H$mUt dmQ>V ZmhtŸ& CXmhaUmW© -
Vmo Xoìhmè`m§Vrb XodmgmR>t nŠdmÝZmMm Z¡doÚ XmIdrb. na§Vw Xmat Amboë`m
X[aÐrZmam`UmÀ`m nXam§V EImXm Kmg Q>mH$sbM Ag| Zmhr. Ë`m_wi| hr g§H$mo{MV
^{ŠV hmoVo, na§Vw ì`mnH$ CnmgZm hmoV Zmhr§. `m ^mdmWm©Z| ^{ŠV Mmby§ Amho. nar
Xod emoYy{Z H$moUr Z nmho Ag| åhQ>b| Amho. gmam§e, àVrH$ nyOZ. nU Ë`m Ûmam
Amnbm öX`ñW AmË_m OmJ¥V hmoD$Z Ë`mM| Amnë`m {R>H$mUt d gd©Ì Xe©Z
KS>b| nm{hOo. åhUyZ AmËå`mM| ì`mnH$Ëd OmUyZ ^{ŠV ìhmdr.
{VÝhr bmoH$ OoWy{Z {Z_m©U OmboŸ&
V`m Xodam`m{g H$moUr Z ~moboŸ&
OJt Wmoabm Xod Vmo MmoabmgoŸ&
Jwê$drU Vmo gd©Wmhr Z XrgoŸ&&179Ÿ&&
Iè`m XodmMm {Zü` Z H$[aVm§ AkmZr OZ gd© Xodm§V EH$M
_w»` Xod ì`mnyZ Amho h| Z OmUyZ _Z _mZob Ë`m Xodm§Mr Vo gd©
{Zamio§ Ago g_OyZ, ^{ŠV H$arV AgVmV, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|,
Wmoabm åhUOo Iam Xod g¥{ï>doJim d PmH$bobm Agë`m_wi| Jwê$H¥$no{edm`
H$iÊ`mOmoJm Zmhr, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
Á`mÀ`m gÎmo_wi| ñdJ©, _¥Ë`w d nmVmi ho VrZ bmoH$ {Z_m©U hmoVmV
Ë`m loð> Xodmg H$moUr AmoiIrV Zgë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m g§~§Yr H$moUr eãXhr
H$mT>rV Zmhr.
Wmoabm Xod åhUOo Ho$db ~«÷ hmo`. VmoM {Zê$nm{YH$ AmË_m. Ë`mbmM
na_oœa åhUVmV. _m`oMr Cnm{Y ñdrH$mabr H$s ewÕ ~«÷ e~b hmoVo d Ë`mbm
B©œa h| Zm§d àmßV hmoV|. _m`mdr B©œa, g¥ï>tVrb ~«÷m, {dîUw d _hoe ho VrZ Xod
d Ë`m ImbÀ`m AZoH$ XodVm, `m emœV ñdê$nmÀ`m ZmhrV. AdKr g¥ï>r Omo
H$Vm©Ÿ& Vmo Vo g¥ï>thÿ{Z nVm©Ÿ& VoW| g§e`mMr dmVm©Ÿ& H$mT>y§{M Z`oŸ&& (Xm. 8-1-
34) ~«÷ `m eãXmMm AW© ì`mnH$ Agm Amho. h| ewÕ emœV, ì`mnH$ M¡VÝ`M
gd© àn§MmM| Am{U Ë`mbm H$maU AgUmè`m _m`oM| A{Yð>mZ Amho åhUyZ Ë`mbm
Wmoabm Xod Ago| åhQ>bo Amho. hmM ì`mnH$ {Zê$nm{YH$ AmË_m OrdmM| ñdê$n
Amho. _m{`H$ gd© Xod Zœa Agë`m_wi| g_W© åhUVmV, ""åhUmo{Z OJ
{_Ï`m gmM AmË_mŸ& gdmªna Omo na_mË_mŸ& A§V~m©ø A§VamË_mŸ& ì`mny{Z
AgoŸ&& V`mg åhUmd| XodŸ& `oa h| AdK|{M dmdŸ&& Eogm Amho A§V^m©dŸ&
doXm§VrMmŸ&&'' (Xm. 8-1-44,45)
_Zwî`mbm S>moù`mZo {XgUmam _m`oMm Ñí` ngmam VodT>m gË`
^mgVmo. {VZ| Amnë`m AmdaU d {djon eŠVrÀ`m nm§Kê$UmImbr Mmoê$Z PmHy$Z
R>odbobm Wmoabm Xod bmoH$m§Zm {XgV Zmht Ë`m_wio Ag§»` _m{`H$ Xodm§À`m _mJo
bmoH$ bmJVmV. na§Vw `m PmH$boë`m Wmoaë`m XodmH$S>o H$moUmM|M bj OmV Zmht d
Ë`mMr {dMmanyghr H$moUr H$arV Zmhr. _m`oMr AmdaU d {djon ht XmoZ nm§Kê$Uo
EH$ doXemñÌg§nÞ ~«÷{ZîR> gX²Jwê$M Xya H$ê$ eH$Vmo. {Xì`mZ| Ogm Xwgam {Xdm
bmJVmo, Ë`mà_mU| gX²Jwê$ ~moYmZ| {eî`~w{Õ àÁd{bV Pmbr åhUOo `m _w»`
XodmM| AmH$bZ hmoV|, AÝ`Wm Zmhr. _rnU åhUOo Xoh~w{Õ hr Oa Zï> ìhmd`mg
nm{hOo Agob, _m`oÀ`m nS>ÚmAmS> bnboë`m Wmoaë`m emœV Xodmg Oa OmUmd`mM|
Agob, Am{U Ë`m XodmMo| ê$n V|M Amnbo ñdê$n hmo`, h| Oa AZw^dmd`mM| Agob
Va h| gd© EH$m gX²Jwê$H¥$noZ| gmYV|. _r nmhmVm§ AmS>ioZmŸ& {ZJw©U ~«÷ V| MioZmŸ&
350 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 351

AmnU V|{M nar H$ioZmŸ& gX²JwédrUŸ&& (Xm. 6-3-25)
Jwé nmhVm§ nmhVm§ bj H$moQ>rŸ&
~hÿgmb _§Ìmdir e{º$ _moR>rŸ&
_Zt H$m_Zm MoQ>H|$ YmV_mVmŸ&
OZt ì`W© ao Vmo Zìho _w{º$XmVmŸ&&180Ÿ&&
gd© _m{`H$ àn§MmM| A{Yð>mZ Oo§ ewÜX ~«÷ `mbmM Wmoabm Xod
åhUVmV d Vmo Jwá Agë`m_wi| Jwé{edm` Ë`mM| kmZ hmoV Zmhr, Ag|
_mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. Jwé hm eãX ì`mnH$ AWm©Z| dmnabm OmV
Agë`m_wi| _mojXmË`m JwéMt bjU| H$moUVt ho§ `m ûcmoH$mnmgyZ 184
ûcmoH$mn`ªV Mma ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
kmZ XoUmam Vmo Jwé Ag| åhQ>b| OmV|. g¥ï>tV kmZ AZoH$ àH$maM|
Agë`m_wi| V| XoUmao Jwé{h AZoH$ AmhoV. _mVm-{nVm, {dÚmXmVm, nmoQ>^ê$, H$bm
{eH$[dUmam _§Ì-`§Ì-V§Ì gm§JUmam d ~«÷kmZ ~mobUmam `m gdmªZm Oar Jwé
åhQ>b| Var _mojXmVm Jwé `m gdmªhÿZ doJimM AgVmo. Ë`mbm gX²Jwé åhUVmV,
""Agmo Eogo CX§S> Jwê$Ÿ& ZmZm _Vm§Mm {dMmê$Ÿ& nar Omo _mojXmVm gX²JwéŸ& Vmo
doJimMr AgoŸ&&'' (Xm. 5-2-72) na§Vw AmnUmg gX²Jwé åhUdyZ KoUmao bmoH${h
AZoH$ Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§À`m _YyZ _mojXmVm gX²Jwé {ZdS>Vm§ `mdm åhUyZ ht
bjU| gm§{JVbt AmhoV.
_mojmg§~§Yt g_WmªZt Xmg~moYm§V XmoZ _hÎdmM| {gÜXmÝV gm§{JVbo
AmhoV. Vo Ago H$s¨, kmZmdm§MyZ _moj Zmht Am{U gX²JwédmMyZ kmZ Zmht. _moj
åhUOo OÝ__aUm§VyZ gwQ>H$m. Agmo O`m{g _moj ìhmdmŸ& VoU| gX²Jwé H$amdmŸ&
gX²Jwé{dU _moj nmdmdmŸ& h| H$ënm§Vr Z KS>oŸ&& (Xm. 5-1-44) `oW| gX²Jwé
^oQ>mdm Agm eãX ZgyZ gX²Jwé ""H$amdm'' Agm eãX Amho h| bjm§V `md|. hm
eãX{h `mo½`M Amho; H$maU Vrd« _w_wjybm gX²JwéMr CËH$Q> Oê$ar dmQ>Vo.
nwÊ`_mJ© nmoQ>t YarŸ& gËg§JmMr dm§N>m H$arŸ& {daº$ Ombm g§gmatŸ& `m
Zm§d _w_wjŸ&& (Xm. 5-8-24) Aem doit {Za{Zami| M_ËH$ma EoHy$Z qH$dm
nmhÿZ, AmVwa hmoD$Z Vmo H$moUrVar ^m|Xy JwéÀ`m ZmXt bmJyZ \$gÊ`mMm g§^d
AgVmo. Aer \$gdUyH$ Z ìhmdr, Amnbr ~wpÜX dmnê$Z AË`§V OmJê$H$VoZ|
AZoH$ Jwê§$VyZ `mo½` Vmo _mojXmVm gX²Jwé _w_wjyZ| emoYyZ ¿`mdm `mgmR>t ho
Mma _hÎdmM| ûcmoH$ AmhoV.
_§Ìeº$sZ| AMmQ> H$m`© H$ê$Z XmI{dUmao Jwé AZoH$ AmhoV. _Zm§V Ðì`
AWdm órH$m_Zm Yê$Z OmXyQ>moUm, OmaU_maU, ^mZm_Vr BË`m{X {dÚm§_Ü`o àdrU
Ago nwîH$i bmoH$ AmhoV. dmgZo_wi| ^rS> ~miJyZ {eî`mÀ`m V§ÌmZo MmbUma|
Jwé{h nwîH$i AmhoV. YmV åhUOo JrV à~§Y Am{U _mV åhUOo J«§W nmR>m§Va qH$dm
_wImZ| Jmoï>r gm§JUo. AmeminU| B©œa^OZ JmUmao qH$dm g§Vm§Mm CnXoe Jmoï>rê$nmZ|
gm§JUmao Ago{h AZoH$ bmoH$ AmhoV. ho gd© Jwé åhUdyZ KoUmao Agbo Var ì`W©
hmoV; H$maU `m§À`m_Ü`o H$moUr{h _mojXmVm Jwé ZgVmo. Oo H$am_Vr XmI{dVrŸ& Vo
{h Jwé åh{UOoVrŸ& na§Vw gX²Jwé ZìhoVrŸ& _mojXmVoŸ&& (Xm. 5-2-1)
Zìho MoQ>Hy$ MmiHy$ Ðì`^m|XyŸ&
Zìh| qZXHy$ _Ëgê$ ^{º$_§XyŸ&
Zìho CÝ_Vy dogZr g§J~mYyŸ&
OZt km{Z`m Vmo{M gmYy AJmYyŸ&&181Ÿ&&
ZmZm H$am_Vr H$ê$Z AmnUmg Jwé åhUdyZ KoUmao qH$dm Jwé åhQ>bo OmUmao
bjmd{Y bmoH$ Agbo Var Vo _mojXmVo Jwé ZìhoV, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|.
gX²JwéÀ`m {R>H$mUt H$moUVm{h AdJwU ZgVmo d Vmo ~«÷kmZr, gX²JwUr gmYy
AgVmo, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
gX²JwénXmg `mo½` Agm gV²nwê$f A§Jmao-Ywnmao CYiyZ MoQ>H|$ qH$dm H$aUr
H$aÊ`mÀ`m ^mZJS>tV nS>V Zmht. MmiHy$ åhUOo Mmi{dUmam qH$dm \$g{dUmam.
Vmo {Za{Zamù`m Wmnm _mê$Z H$moUmbm PwbdrV Zmht. gmYyM| gm|J XmIdyZ Vmo
H$moUmH$Sy>Z n¡go CH$irV Zmht. Vmo H$moUmMt qZXm H$arV Zmht qH$dm H$moUmMm _Ëga
H$arV Zmht. Vmo ^{º$hrZ AgV Zmht. na_oœamda Ë`mMo§ {ZVm§V ào_ AgV|. Vmo
CÝ_Îm ZgVmo. àm{U_mÌmÀ`m {R>H$mUt ^JdX²^md Agë`m_wi| Vmo gXmgd©Xm Z_«
AgVmo. Ë`mbm H$moUV|{h ì`gZ ZgV|. Ë`mbm ñdñdê$nmM| kmZ Agë`m_wi| Vmo
A§V~«m©ø {Z_©i Pmbobm AgVmo. Ë`m_wi| Ë`mMr g§JV H$moUmg{h ~mYH$ qH$dm
hm{ZH$maH$ hmoV Zmht. ñdê$nt Z gmho _i& åhUyZ gmYw Vmo {Z_©iŸ& gmYw ñdê$n{M
Ho$diŸ& åhUmo{Z`m§Ÿ&& (Xm. 8-9-53) Agm àË``kmZr VmoM gmYw. Vmo ghOmghOt
AmoiIÊ`mOmoJm ZgVmo.
352 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 353

Zìho dmCJr MmhþQ>r H$m_ nmoQ>tŸ&
{H«$`|drU dmMmiVm Vo{M _moR>rŸ&
_wI| ~mo{bë`mgm[aI| MmbVmhoŸ&
_Zm gX²Jwé Vmo{M emoYyZ nmhoŸ&&182Ÿ&&
gX²JwénXmg nmÌ Aem gmYyÀ`m {R>H$mUt H$moUVm{h XwJw©U ZgVmo d Vmo
AmË_kmZr AgVmo, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbo. Ë`mMt AmUIr H$mht bjU|
gm§JyZ AemM gX²JwéMm emoY ¿`mdm, Ag| _Zmbm `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
Vmo dmømV qH$dm \$Q>H$i ì`W© ~S>~S> H$arV Zmht. O| ~mobmd`mg
nm{hOo VodT>|M Zo_H|$ ~mobVmo. H$maU dmgZmj` Pmë`m{edm` _moj Zmht,
`mMr Ë`mbm OmUrd AgVo. ñdV: H$mhrM gmYZ_mJ© Z H$aVm§, Ag| H$amd|,
Vg| H$amd|, Ag| dm`\$i ~S>~S>UmaoM nwîH$i bmoH$ AgVmV. åhUyZ CÎmamYmªV
_Zmbm gmdY H$aÊ`mgmR>t gm§JVmV H$s¨, ho _Zm, Omo Vm|S>mZo ~mobVmo Vgm
dmJVmo Ë`mMmM CnXoe bmoH$m§À`m _Zmda R>gVmo. åhUyZ VemM gX²JwéMm
emoY Ko. ~mobÊ`mgm[aI| MmbU|Ÿ& ñd`| H$ê$Z ~mobU| & V`mMt dMZo
à_mU|Ÿ& _m{ZVr OZtŸ&& (Xm. 12-10-39)
hm _Zmbm {Xbobm Bfmam Zoh_t bjm§V R>o{dbm nm{hOo. `mM| H$maU
Ag| H$s¨ {Za{Zamù`m H$am_VtZm qH$dm M_ËH$mam§Zm nmhÿZ _Zwî` Ogm
^miVmo, Vgm {_Ç>mg ~mobÊ`mbm{h ^miVmo. M_ËH$ma d JmoS> VËdkmZmMr
^mfm `m XmoZ Jmoï>r na_mW©ào_r _Zwî`mbm Zoh_r§ _mohm§V Jw§V{dVmV d \$g{dVmV.
åhUyZ Á`m _Zwî`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt `m XmoZ Jmoï>r {XgVrb VoW| Vmo {Z[aÀN>,
d¡am½`g§nÞ Amho H$s¨ Zmht d Ë`mM| ñdV:M| dV©Z H$g| Amho h| nmhÿZM nwT>M|
nmD$b Q>m{H$b| nm{hOo. AÛ¡V{Zê$nU| AJmY dº$mŸ& nar {df`t bmob§JVmŸ&
Eo{g`m Jwê$Mo{Z gmW©H$VmŸ& hmoUma ZmhtŸ&& (Xm. 5-2-31) åhUyZ MH$ma
KmbyZ _Zmbm - "_Zm gX²Jwê$ Vmo{M emoYy{Z nmho' Ag| gm§JVmV.
OZt ^º$ kmZr {ddoH$s {damJrŸ&
H¥$nmiy _Zñdr j_md§V `moJrŸ&
à^w Xj ì`wËnÞ MmVw`© OmUoŸ&
V`mMoZ `moJo g_mYmZ ~mUoŸ&&183Ÿ&&
gX²Jwé ZgVmo H$gm, h| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V {ZfoY bjUm§Zr gm§{JVbo.
Vmo AgVmo H$gm h| ñnîQ> eãXm§V `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
Vmo ^Jd§VmMm ào_i ^º$ AgVmo VgmM AmË_kmZr AgVmo. AmË_kmZ
Pmb| Var gJwU^º$sMm V§Vy Vmo VmoS>rV Zmht. Vmo AmË_{ddoH$s d {daº$ AgVmo.
d¡am½` {ddoH$`wº$ Agë`m_wi| V| H$Yt{h Z T>iUma|, CËH$Q> AgV|. Xwgè`mbm
gwIr nmhÊ`m§VM Ë`mbm gwI hmoV Agë`m_wi| Vmo ñd^mdV:M X`miy d H¥$nmiy
AgVmo. VwH$m åhUo gwI nam{d`m gwI|Ÿ& A_¥V h| _wI| òdVgoŸ&& gX²JwéÀ`m
{R>H$mUt AZoH$ {dÚm AgVmV, na§Vw Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt Agboë`m `m H¥$nmiynUm_wi|
bmoH$H$ë`mU gmYV Agë`m_wi| g_W© `m JwUmbm \$ma _hÎd XoVmV. ZmZm g{ÛÚoMo
JwUŸ& `mhrdar H¥$nmiynUŸ& h| gX²JwéM| bjUŸ& Om{UOo lmoVtŸ&& (Xm. 5-2-
73) Vmo CXma _ZmMm d _Z ñdmYrZ R>odUmam AgVmo. A§Jm§V {ejm H$aÊ`mM|
gm_Ï`© AgVm§{h Vmo _mVoà_mU| {eî`mMo AnamY nmoQ>m§V KmbVmo. Vmo {OV|{Ð`
Û§Ûg{hîUw d gXm g§Vwï> Agm `moJr AgVmo. Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUt __Ëd AgV|. Vmo
doXemñÌ nma§JV, gm_Ï`©g§nÞ, gmdY d MVwa AgVmo. gX²Jwé hm Agm ~hwJwUr
AgVmo. _w_wjybm MQ>{Xer emoY KoVm§ `mdm åhUyZ g_WmªZr EH$m Amodr§V
gX²JwéMr ~mam bjUo gm§{JVbt AmhoV. Ë`m§V EH$ bjU H$_r AgU| h|
gX²Jwébm H$_rnUm AmUUma| Amho, Ag| V| åhUVmV. åhUmo{Z kmZ, d¡am½`
Am{U ^OZŸ& ñdY_©H$_© Am{U gmYZŸ& H$Wm {Zê$nU ldU _ZZŸ& Zr{V
Ý`m` _`m©XmŸ&& `m_Ü`| EH$ CU| AgoŸ& VoU| V| {dbjU {Xgo& åhUm¡Z
gd© hr {dbgoŸ& gX²JwénmgtŸ&& (Xm. 5-2-52-53) g§Xoha{hV kmZ hmoD$Z
em§V{MÎm hmoÊ`mgmR>t Aem gX²Jwébm Z_«^mdmZ| eaU Omd|. Omo ñdV:M AV¥á
AgVmo Vmo Xwgè`mMr V¥{á H$er H$aUma? ñdê$npñWVt_wi| Omo ñdV: g_mYmZr
AgVmo VmoM Xwgè`mM| g_mYmZ H$ê§$ eH$Vmo. _w»` gX²Jwê$M| bjUŸ& AmYt
nm{hOo {d_i kmZŸ& {Zü`mM| g_mYmZŸ& ñdê$npñWVrŸ&& (Xm. 5-2-45)
Zìh| V|{M Omb| Zg| V|{M Amb|Ÿ&
H$im| bmJb| g‚mZmMo{Z ~m|b|Ÿ&
A{Zdm©À` V| dmÀ` dmM| dXmd|Ÿ&
_Zm g§V AmZ§V emoYrV Omd|Ÿ&&184Ÿ&&
354 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 355

gX²Jwê$Mr ñnîQ> bjU| gm§JyZ Aem gX²Jwê$nmgyZ g_mYmZ àmá
hmoV|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbo. g_mYmZ Ë`m g‚mZmH$Sy>Z ~«÷{dMma
H$ië`m_wi| hmoV|, Ag| gm§JyZ Vmo {dMma gVV OmJ¥V R>odmdm, Ag| `m
íbmoH$m§V _Zmbm gm§JVmV.
n{hë`m AmoirMm AÝd` "V|{M Omb| Zìho, V|{M Amb| Zgo, AgmM
Ho$bm nm{hOo. na~«÷ CËnÞ Pmb| Ag| Zmht d H$moRy>Z Amb| Ag| Zmht. V| AO,
emœV, ñd`§^y, Amho Vg|M Amho. nU V| H$g| Amho h| gm§JVm§{h `oV Zmht d
_ZmÀ`m H$jo§V `oV Zgë`m_wi| H$iÊ`m OmoJ|{h Zmht. `Vmo dmMmo {ZdV©ÝVo
Aàmß` _ZmgmghŸ&& Aer lw{V Amho. V| EImÚm nXmWm©gmaI| AgV| Va
gm§JVm Amb| AgV|. nU V| gdmªhÿZ {Zami|M Amho Va gm§JUma H$g|? Vg|M V|
H$ënZmVrV Agë`m_wi| H$ënZmê$n _Zmbm Ë`mM| AmH$bZ hmoV Zmht. _Z
{Z:g§H$ën Pmb| åhUOo Ë`mMm AZw^d `oVmo.
O| dmUtZ| gm§JVm `oV Zmhr d Á`mM| _Zmbm AmH$bZ hmoV Zmhr Ë`m
na~«÷ñdê$nmMm AZw^d `mdm H$gm Agm ghOM àíZ `oVmo. Ë`mM| CÎma g_W©
Ag| XoVmV H$s¨ h| H$moS>| EH$ gX²JwéM gmoS>dy§ eH$Vmo d Ë`mgmR>t gX²JwédMZmda
{dœmg R>odUmam d Aä`mgy AgmM {eî` bmJVmo. AmVm§ _Zm{g O| Aàmá& V|
H¡$g| hmoB©b àmáŸ& Eog| åhUmb Var H¥$Ë`Ÿ& gX²Jwé{dU ZmhtŸ&& (Xm. 7-2-
12) gX²JwéM| Oar h| H¥$Ë` Agb| Var {eî`hr Aä`mgy nm{hOo. {eH$dUmam {ejH$
Oar VÁk Agbm Var {dÚmWu{h gm§{JVbobm Aä`mg _Z bmdyZ H$aUmam nm{hOo.
na_mWm©À`m ~m~VtV nwîH$im§Mr Aer g_OyV AgVo H$s¨ Jwé Ho$bm
H$s¨ Pmb|, gd© O~m~Xmar Ë`mÀ`mda. AmnUmg H$m§ht H$aÊ`mM| H$maU Zmht na§Vw
hr g_OyV ~amo~a Zmht. Jwê$Z| kmZ~moY Ho$bm d Vmo H$ibm Var Vo kmZ ÑT>
hmoÊ`mgmR>t d AZw^dm§V CVaÊ`mgmR>t {eî`mZ| gmYZ h| Ho$b|M nm{hOo. eoV
noab| d CJdb| Var \$mo\$mdyZ `oÊ`mgmR>t Ë`mMr {ZJm amIÊ`mM| l_ H$amd|M
bmJVmV. Vg§oM `oW| Amho. goV no[ab| Am{U CJdb|Ÿ& na§Vw {ZJo{dU Job|Ÿ&
gmYZo{dU V¡g| Omb|Ÿ& gmYH$m§grŸ&& (Xm. 5-3-9)
`mgmR>t gX²JwéH$Sy>Z ~«÷ñdê$n H$ib| d V| Oar ~mobyZ
XmI{dÊ`mOmoJ| Zgb|, åhUOo A{Zdm©À` Agb| Var V| dmÀ` H$ê$Z ~mobmdo§.
åhUOo Ë`mMm ldU-_ZZm{XÛmam Aä`mg H$ê$Z Ë`m g§V, AZ§V Aem
na~«÷mMm emoY KoV amhmd|. ~«÷ eãXt Eog| V¡g|Ÿ& ~mo{bOo Ë`mhÿ{Z AZm[ag|Ÿ&
nar V| ldUAä`mg|Ÿ& nm{dOo ~«÷Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-2-7) Og| ~«÷ñdê$n h|
A{Zdm©À` Amho Vg§oM ~«÷kmZmZ§Va hmoUma| g_mYmZ h|qh A{Zdm©À` Amho. na§Vw
Xwgè`mg àmoËgmhZ XoÊ`mgmR>t V| g_mYmZ{h {OVH|$ eãXmZ| gm§JVm `oB©b
{VVH|$ gm§{JVb| nm{hOo. A{Zdm©À` Ag| ~«÷ñdê$n qH$dm Ë`m_wio hmoUmao
g_mYmZ eãXmZ| ì`º$ Pmbo åhUyZ Zmhrg| hmoV Zmht CbQ> hr dmT>VmVM.
A{Zdm©À` g_mYmZ Omb|Ÿ& V| nm{hOo ~mo{bb|Ÿ& ~mobÊ`mgmR>t g_mYmZ
Job|Ÿ& h| Vmo KS>oZmŸ&& (Xm. 20-7-1)
"g§V AmZ§V' `m§Mo {ddaU nydu Pmb| AmhoM. (ûcmoH$ 146 Vo
160 nhm.)
A{Zdm©À` ~«÷m§Mo dmÀ`H$ê$Z {ddaU h| Og| gX²JwéH$Sy>Z hmoV|
Vg|M àË``mM| g§V Ooìhm§ EH$Ì {_iVmV Voìhm{h V| hmoV|. Ë`m§À`m àýmoÎma
ê$nmZ| Pmboë`m g§dmXm_wi| kmZ ÑT> hmoD$Z g_mYmZ àmá hmoV|. {_iVm§
àË``mMo g§VŸ& `oH$m§Vmnar `oH$m§VŸ& Ho$br nm{hOo gmdMrVŸ& ZmZm MMm©Ÿ& (Xm.
20-7-24)
bnmd| AVr AmXa| am_ê$ntŸ&
^`mVrV {ZqüV `o ñdñdê$ntŸ&
H$Xm Vmo OZt nmhVm§ hr {XgoZmŸ&
gXm EoŠ` Vmo {^Þ^md| dgoZmŸ&&185Ÿ&&
emœV, ñd`§^w Aem na~«÷mM| ñdê$n Oar eãXmVrV Agb| Var
Ë`mM| kmZ gX²Jwê$H$Sy>Z H$iV| d V| ÑT> hmoÊ`mgmR>t A{Zdm©À` Aem ~«÷mMr
MMm© dmÀ` H$ê$Z H$amdr, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|, na§Vw Pmbob| kmZ
Ho$di ~mobÊ`mZ| AZw^dmbm `oÊ`mgmaI| Zgë`m_wi| Zdì`m åhUOo
AmË_{ZdoXZ^º$sZ| AmË_ñdê$nr VÐÿn hmoD$Z amhmd| Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
"AVr' hm eãX "bnmd|' `m eãXmbm OmoSy>Z Am{U "AmXa|' `mhr
eãXmbm OmoSy>Z KoVm§ `oVmo. "bnmd| AVr' Am{U "^`mVrV am_ê$nt AVr
AmXa|' Ag| `oW| åhQ>b| Amho. gX²JwéH$Sy>Z AmË_kmZ Pmb| Var àW_V:
{ZamH$ma, {ZJw©U Aem AmË_Xodmda ào_ OS>U| H$R>tU AgV|. Ë`mgmR>t
gJwUmMm AmYma ¿`mdm bmJVmo. åhUyZ _Zmbm gm§JVmV H$s¨ h| _Zm,
lram_ê$nmZ| ZQ>boë`m Ë`m AmË_am_ ñdê$nm§V Vy§ ào_mZ| Agm ~wSy>Z ahm H$s§
356 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 357

VwP| _r nUmMo S>moH|${h da {Xgy Z`o. Ë`m ñdê$nào_mÀ`m S>mohmV ~wS>Ê`mM|
_witM ^` Zmht, h| 136 ì`m ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVb|M Amho. åhUyZ {^Ê`mM| H$maU
Zmhr. Vg|M O| am_ê$n V|M VwP| ñdV:M| ñdê$n Amho. åhUyZ {^Ê`mM| H$maU Zmht.
^rVrZ| Km~ê$Z am_mda ào_ H$aÊ`mnojm {Z^©` hmoD$Z am_ê$nmV a§Jmd|. am_mda
Ho$bob| ào_ h| VwÂ`m ñdV:daM Ho$bob| ào_ hmo`. Vmo AmË_Xod Ogm lram_ê$nmZ|
ZQ>Vmo VgmM Vmo Vy§ YmaU Ho$boë`m ê$nmZ| ZQ>bobm Amho. qnS>~«÷m§S>mMm gd© Ioi
nmhUmam Omo M¡VÝ`ñdê$n AmË_m Vmo EH$Q>mM AgyZ àH¥$VrÀ`m {^ÞËdm_wio Vmo
{Za{Zamù`m ñdê$nm§Zr {^ÝZ ^mgVmo. _wit nmhmUma Vmo `oH$bmŸ& gH$im§ R>mBª
{d^mJbmŸ& XohàH¥$VrZ| OmbmŸ& {^ÝZ {^ÝZŸ&& (Xm. 14-8-9) am_ê$nm§V VwPm
Xoh^md bmonbm H$s¨ V§y d am_ EH$M. åhUyZ _rnUm gmoSy>Z VÐÿn hmoD$Z ahm. Xoh
Agon`ªV H$_© ho H$moUmbm gwQ>V Zgë`m_wio àmn§{MH$ Agmo qH$dm nma_m{W©H$
Agmo, {d{Y{ZfoY nmiyZ VwPm ì`dhma Mmby§ Xo. na§Vw _rnUmZ| Ë`mÀ`m H$V}nUmM|
AmoP| _mÌ S>moŠ`mda KoD$ ZH$mog. O| O| KS>Vo V| V| Ë`m am_gÎmo_wi| Amho, `mM| gVV
ñ_aU R>odyZ ì`dhma Mmby§ Xo, åhUmo{Z àd¥{Îm Am{U {Zd¥{ÎmŸ& B`o dmoPt
ZoK| _VrŸ& AI§S> {MÎmd¥{Îm Ÿ& AmR>dt _mV|Ÿ&& (km. 12-122) Ag| ^JdmZ
gm§JVmV. `mn«_mU| OrdZ OJU| åhUOo AmXamZ| am_ê$nr bnU| hmo` Am{U
Ag| {d^ŠVnUo ZgU| åhUOo ^ŠV hmo`. Á`m am_ê$nm§V Vy§ XS>r _mê$Z
~gUma V| ê$nM Oa _wim§V {ZË`, gd©JV d AMb Ag| Amho, Va Vwbm
{^Ê`mM| H$maU H$mhrM Zmht. Omo XohmZ| am_Xmg hmoVmo d Ord^mdmZ| AmË_mam_
AgVmo Ë`mbm ^r{V H$emMr d H$moUmMr AgUma ? VwH$mo~m Amnbm AZw^d
gm§JVmV H$s¨ ^`mMr Vm| Amåhm§ {MÎmtŸ& amhmo I§Vr eHo$ZmŸ&&1Ÿ&& g_{n©bmo
Ordo ^md|Ÿ& H$mem ä`md| H$maU|Ÿ&&2Ÿ&& (Jm 1619)
AmË_ñdê$nmet EoŠ` Pmbobm, AÛ¡V ~moYmMm gmjmËH$mar nwê$f
emoYyZ{h gm§nS>U| H$R>rU AgV|. AmË_V¥ßV Agë`m_wio Vmo OZg§nH$m©nmgyZ
Xya AgVmo d H$Yt H$Yt g_mOm§V dmdabm Var ~mhoê$Z EImÚm gmÜ`m
_mUgmgmaIm {XgVmo. Ë`mÀ`m A§VarM| ñdê$n¡Š` ~mhoê$Z g_OÊ`mgmaI|
ZgV|. Ë`mMm WmoS>mgm gwJmdm bmJVmo - nar Vmo H$moR>| AmS>>ioZmŸ& H$moU| ñWir
gmnS>oZmŸ& dof nmhmVm§ hrZXrZmŸŸ& gm[aIm {Xg|Ÿ&& (Xm. 15-2-20) "AmYr
Ho$b|, _J gm§{JVbo' Aem g_WmªMo `m ûcmoH$mZ| ñ_aU Pmë`m{edm` amhmV
Zmht.
gXm gd©Xm am_ gÝZrY AmhoŸ&
_Zm g‚mZm gÎ` emoYyZ nmhoŸ&
AI§S>rV ^oQ>r aKyamO`moJwŸ&
_Zm gm§{S> ao _rnUmMm {d`moJwŸ&&186Ÿ&&
{Z^©` d emœV am_ê$nm§V XS>r _mê$Z ~gbobm gËnê$f hþS>Hy$Z{h Z
gmnS>Umam Agë`m_wi| Ë`m ñdê$nm§V Vy bnyZ ahm, Ag| _mJÀ`m ûcmoH$m§V
_Zmbm gm§{JVb|. Vmo am_ H$moR>| Xya ZgyZ VwÂ`m AJXt OdiM Amho, BVH|$M
H$m` nU Ë`mMm d VwPm {d`moJ H$Yr ZmhrM, gXm `moJM Amho, Ago _Zmbm
`m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
ho _Zm, hm AmË_mam_ gVV VwÂ`m OdiM Amho. `m am_m~Ôb
H$moUr ZrQ> {dMmaM H$arV Zmhr. åhUyZ Vmo Odi AgyZ{h gmnS>V Zmhr.
AZw^dmbm `oV Zmhr. Xod hm Amnë`mnmgyZ doJim AgyZ H$moR>| Var Xya Amho,
Vmo `oD$Z ^oQ>mdm qH$dm AmnU H$moR>o Var Joë`mZo Ë`mMr ^oQ> hmoB©b. Ago O|
_Zwî`mbm dmQ>Vo| V| AkmZm_wio dmQ>V|. gd© Xodm§Mm Xod hm AmË_mam_M Amho.
åhUyZ ho g‚mZ _Zm, `mo½` Vmo {dMma H$ê$Z Ë`mMm emoY Ko. Ë`m ñdê$nmMm
WmoS>mgm {dMma Ho$ë`mg Vwbm H$iyZ `oB©b H$s VwPr d Ë`m amOmam_mMt gVV ^oQ>
Amho. H$Yr {d`moJ ZmhtM; gVV `moJM Amho. Á`m AmË_ñdê$nmda gd©
g¥ï>rMm CX`, ^mg d AñV ^mgVmo, VmoM AmË_m VwÂ`m{h {R>H$mUr Amho.
Xodm^ŠVm§Mo _yiŸ& emoYyZ nmhmVm§ gH$iŸ& CnmYr doJim Ho$diŸ& {Zê$nmYr
AmË_mŸ&& (Xm. 12-3-27) bmQ>m nmÊ`mdaM CR>VmV, Ë`mdaM ZmMVmV d
nmÊ`mVM {dbrZ hmoVmV. Og| nmUt ho Ë`m§Mo| OrdZ Vgo§M AmË_gÎmoda VwPo
A{ñVËd d VwPm gd© H$ma^ma Mmby Amho. gd© àH$memMm VmoM àH$me
AgyZ VwÂ`m eara|{Ð`m§Zm àH$m{eV H$aUmam VmoM AmË_mam_ Amho. Ë`mÀ`m
àH$memZ|M Ë`mbm OmUVm§ `oVo d Ë`mÀ`m H¥$noZ|M Vmo hmoU| KS>V|. hm
ñdàH$me ghO {ZO|Ÿ& `mgr àH$mer Eog| Zmhr XwO|Ÿ& `mM|o{Z àH$meo hm
Xo{IOoŸ& `mMo{Z hmoBOo `mEog|oŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 22-345)
VwPr d amOmam_mMr Aer OdirH$ AgVm{h Vwbm Omo doJionUm
dmQ>Vmo Vmo AkmZm_wio VwÂ`m {R>H$mUr Agboë`m Xoh~wÕr_wio Amho. åhUyZ
ho _Zm, _r nUm_wi|, dmQ>Umam hm {d`moJ gmoSy>Z Xo Am{U Ë`mM| d Amnb|
AI§S> EoŠ` Agë`mMm {Zü` H$a. {Zü` H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZ| Imbrb A^§J
bjm§V R>odÊ`mgmaIm Amho. Vwåhm Amåhm _wit Ombr Zmhr VwQ>rŸ&
358 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 359

VwQ>rdrU ^oQ>r BpÀN>VgmŸ& B{ÀN>Vgm `moJ ZgVm {d`moJŸ& Vwåhm Amåhm `moJ
gd©H$miŸ&& gd©H$mi Vwåhr Amåhr EHo$ ñWitŸ& dm`m _¥JOit ~wwS>mo Z`oŸ&&
(ñ\w$. ûcmo).
^wV| qnS> ~«÷m§S> h| EoŠ` AmhoŸ&
nar gd©ht ñdñdê$nr Z gmhoŸ&
_Zm ^mgb| gd© H$m§hr nhmd|Ÿ&
nar g§J gmoS>y{Z gyIr ahmd|Ÿ&&187Ÿ&&
am_ hm VwÂ`m AJXt Odi Amho. na§Vw Xoh~wÕr_wi| AmnU Ë`mÀ`mnmgyZ
Xya, doJio Amhmo Ag| Vwbm dmQ>V|. åhUyZ _rnU gmoSy>Z Ë`m gÛñVyMm emoY Ko, Ag|
_mJrb ûcmoH$m§V _Zmbm gm§{JVb| Amho. Á`m AmË_mam_mMm emoY ¿`md`mMm Vmo
gdmªV AgyZ gdm©hÿZ doJim Agm Agë`m_wio Ë`m {Z:g§JmMr ^oQ> {Z:g§J Pmë`mZ|M
hmoVo, Ago `m ûcmoH$mnmgyZ Mma ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV. AmË_mZwg§YmZ gmYÊ`mgmR>r
~m÷ Ñí` nXmWmªMm g§J gwQ>bm nm{hOo. Ag| _Zmbm `m íbmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
^wVo qnS> ~«÷m§S> - qnS>r V| ~«÷m§S>r Ago daModa bmoH$ ~mobVmV. VÎdk
d emñÌ|{h Ag|M gm§JVmV. nUo h| åhUUo AZw^dmÀ`m H$gmbm CVaV Zmht.
{Za{Zamio Xod, newnjm{X `moZr, VrW©joÌ|, ~hþ{dY Am¡fYr ho {Za{Zamù`m àH$maMo
~«÷m§S>m§Vrb nXmW© qnS>mV H$moR>|o AmhoV ? Oa Vgo Vo Zmhr§V Va qnS>r§ Vo ~«÷m§S>r§ Ago
loð> bmoH${h H$m åhUVmV ? `mM| CÎma Ag| Amho H$s¨, Ag§»` nXmWmªMo ~«÷m§S>
H$m` qH$dm {Za{Zamù`m B§{Ð`md`dm§Mm Xoh H$m`, hr XmoÝhr{h n§M^yVm§MtM ~Zbobt
AmhoV; åhUyZ qnS>r Vo ~«÷m§S>r åhUÊ`mMm àKmV Amho. Oo§ {M qnS>r§ V|{M ~«÷m§S>rŸ&
à{MV Zmht H$s¨ amoH$S>rŸ& n§M^yVm§Mr VmVS>rŸ& XmohrH$S>oŸ&& (Xm. 9-5-40) gmam§e.
n§M_hm^yV|, qnS> d ~«÷m§S> `m§Mo EoŠ`M Amho.
nar gd©hr - na§Vw ewÕ AmË_ñdê$n qH$dm ~«÷ h| `m gdm©n{bH$S>o
Amho. VoWo§ `m {ÌJwU, n§M^yVm§Mr bQ>nQ> IQ>nQ> H$m§hr MmbV Zmhr. Ë`m ewÕ
AmË_ñdê$nmMm Oa AZw^d ¿`md`mMm Agob Va `m n§M^yVmË_H$
qnS>~«÷m§S>Ñí`mMm ZmX gmoSy>Z Ë`mÀ`mnmgyZ AbJ Pmb| nm{hOo. `o àH¥$VrMm
{ZamgŸ& {ddoHo$ H$amdm gmdH$meŸ& _J na_mË_m naoeŸ& AZÝ`^md| ^OmdmŸ&&
(Xm. 9-6-54) hm àH¥$VrMm {Zamg H$amdm H$gm h| CÎmamYm©V gm§JVmV.
(3-4) _Zm ^mgb|Ÿ& narg§J...Ÿ&& B©œa{Z{_©V g¥{ï> hr H$m§hr H$moUmbm
_moS>Vm§ `oV Zmhr d `m g¥ï>rV dmdaUmam _Zwî` hm H$m§hr S>moi| Pm§Hy$Z MmbV Zmht.
åhUyZ g¥{ï> hr ^mgUmaM. na§Vw `m g¥ï>rM| d Amnbo ñdê$n H$m` ho§ kmZ {ddoH$mZ|
R>mD$Z Pmë`mg, ^mgUmè`m Ñí`m_Ü`| d¥{Îm Jw§VyZ ahmV Zmhr. nmhþUm hm naŠ`m
Kar dmdaV Agbm d VoWrb gd© ì`dhma Ë`mbm {XgV Agboo Var AmnU doJi|
AmhmoV `m Om{Udo_wio§ Vmo H$em§V{h Jw§VyZ Z amhVm§ _moH$ù`m d¥ÎmrZ| gwImV amhVmo.
Ë`mà_mUo ~m _Zm, ho qnS>~«÷m§S> Vwbm Oar ^mgb| Var ^mgy§ Xo, V| nhm, nU Amnb|
ñdê$n n§M^yVmVrV åhUOo Ñí`^mgmVrV Amho `mMr OmUrd R>od åhUOo d¥{Îm
AmnmoAmn A§V_w©I hmoD$Z V§y ñdñdê$nm§V gwImZ| amherb. {_Ï`Îd| d¥{Îm {\$aoŸ&
Vm| Ñí` AgVm§M dmogaoŸ& ghO{M `oU| àH$ma|Ÿ& Omb| AmË_{ZdoXZŸ&& (Xm. 5-
6-51)
Xoh^mZ h| kmZeñÌo IwS>md|Ÿ&
{dXohrnUo ^{ŠV_mJ}{M Omd|Ÿ&
{daŠVr~i| {Z§Ú gd] Ë`Omd|Ÿ&
nar g§J gmoSy>{Z gyIo§ ahmd§oŸ&&188&&
n§M^yVmË_H$ Ñí` g¥{ï> Oar ^mgbr Var nhmdr, nU {ddoH$mZ| {VM|
ZœanU OmUyZ, {VÀ`mnmgyZ A{bßV amhÿZ ñdñdê$nm§V gwImZ| amhmd|, Ag|
_mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. Xoh hm{h n§M^yVmË_H$ Agë`m_wi| Ë`mMm kmZmZ|
{Zamg H$ê$Z, {daŠV hmoD$Z A{bßVnU| ^{ŠV_mJm©Zo§M {dXohmdñW|M gwImZo
amhmd|, Ago `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
Xoho^mZ ho..Ÿ& {dXohrnUo§...Ÿ&& Xoh hm _bm Ñí` Agë`m_wio§ "_r' h|
^mZ Ë`mnmgyZ doJi| H$go Amho| `mMm g{dñVa {dMma ûcmoH$ 12 _Ü`| Pmbm
Amho. åhUyZ `m ûcmoH$mnwaVmM Ë`mMm WmoS>Š`m§V {dMma nmhÿ.
AkmZXeoV Xohmer VmXmËå` Agë`m_wi| Ordmbm Xoh åhUOoM _r,
Ag| dmQ>V AgV|. AmË_mZmË_{ddoH$ Pmbm åhUOo OS> Xoh>mnmgyZ AmnU
åhUOo "_r' doJim Amho h| _Zwî`mbm H$iyZ `oVo Am{U _r Agm H$moUr
doJim Zmhr§M, gd© H$m§hr Vmo EH$ AmË_mM Amho, ho Zdì`m AmË_{dZoXZ
360 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 361

^ŠVrZ| H$iyZ `oV|. `m ^ŠVrZo AmË_ñdê$nmer AZÝ` Pmb| H$s, Vmo
XohmdoJim, {dXohr hmoD$Z {Ma§VZ gwIm§V amhVmo. åhUyZ kmZemñÌmZ| _r Xoht ho ^mZ
Zï> H$ê$Z, ^{ŠV_mJm©ZoM OmD$Z {dXohmdñWm àmßV H$ê$Z ¿`mdr, Ag| nydm©Ym©V
åhQ>bo Amho. kmZmZ| {dXohmdñWm àmá H$ê$Z XoUmar hr {ZJw©U ^{ŠV Amho. ûcmoH$
169 _Yrb "JwUodrU {ZJw©U Vmo AmR>dmdm', Agm hm AmR>d Amho. qH$dm kmZmo~m§Zr
gm§{JVbobm hm gXä`mg Amho. (ûcmo. 169 nhm)
`mà_mU|M dÕmdñWoVyZ {dXoh_wŠVmdñWm ghO àmßV H$er hmoVo, `mM|
{ddoMZ g_WmªZr Ho$di XmoZ Amoì`m§V \$ma _m{_©H$nUo gm§{JVbo Amho. Ë`m XmoZ
Amoì`m nm{hë`m åhUOo ûcmoH$mMm nydm©Y© ghO Ü`mZmV `oB©b. VËdr Jw§Vbm
åhUo H$moh§Ÿ& {ddoH$ nmhmVm§ åhUo gmoh§Ÿ& AZÝ` hmoVm Ah§ gmoh§Ÿ& _mdibrŸ&&
`mCnar Cd©{aVŸ& Vo§{M ñdê$n g§VŸ& Xoht Agmo{Z XohmVrbŸ& Om{UOo EogmŸ&&
(Xm. 6-3-35,36)
OrdÝ_w{ŠV d {dXoh_w{ŠV Ag| _w{ŠVM| XmoZ àH$ma gm§{JVbo AmhoV.
OrdZ_w{ŠV hr earamdñWmZwê$n åhUOo eara {Od§V Ago Vmon`©VMr AgyZ,
{dXoh_w{ŠV hr, XohàmaãYmMm AS>Wim Agë`m_wio, earanmVmZ§VaMr
~«÷mdñWmZwê$n Amho, Ago AÛ¡VJ«§WH$mam§Mo åhUUo Amho. g_WmªZr `m ûcmoH$m§V
"{dXohrnUo ^{ŠV_mJ]{M Omd|' d ~mamì`m ûcmoH$m§V "{dXohrnUo§ _w{ŠV ^moJrV
Omdr' Ago§ åhQ>bo§ Amho. {dXohrnU| `m eãXà`moJmdê$Z Ag| {XgV| H$s {dXoh_w{ŠV
hr Oar XohnmVmZ§VaMr Aearar Agbm Var _wŠVmdñWm, {dXohmdñWm, ghOmdñWm
BË`m{X gwIê$n AdñWm§Mm AZw^d Xoh AgVm§Zm hmoVmo. åhUyZ g_WmªZr gßVAdñWm
EH$ê$ZhmoV Ag| åhQ>bo Amho. g§JË`mJ Am{U {ZdoXZŸ& {dXohpñW{V
A{bßVnUŸ& ghOpñW{V CÝ_Zr {dkmZŸ& ho gßV{h `oH$ê$nŸ&& (Xm. 4-4-8)
(3/4) {daŠVt~io -& narg§J -& {dXohpñWVr hr gwIê$n Agbr
Var, àmaãY^moJmZwgma Vr I§{S>V hmoD$Z Xoh^mZ `oV| Aem doir{h ÑT> d¡am½`mZ|
{Z{fÕmMma Q>mibm nm{hOo. kmZ Pmbo, AZw^d Ambm, AmVm H$go{h dmJmd|,
Ag| dmQ>Vm§ Cn`moJt Zmhr. kmZrM Oa qZÚ H$_m©MaU H$ê§$ bmJbm Va
OJmbm gÝ_mJ© XmI{dUmam Xwgam H$moU ? Am{U _{bZ {MÎmmZ| ~«÷¡Š` Var
H$go hmoUma ? kmZr {^S>oZ| XS>nbmŸ& {Züb na~«÷ H¢$Mo Ë`mbmŸ& CJmM
H$[aVmo Jb~bmŸ& _m`o_Ü`|Ÿ&& (Xm. 15-4-28) `mgmR>r Xoh^mZ Amb|
H$s¨ H$Q>mjmZ| C{MV H$_©M Ho$b| nm{hOo. na§Vw Ë`m H$_©H$MmQ>çmVm{h Jwa\$Qy>Z
Cn`moJr Zmhr. åhUyZ A{bßVnUm R>odyZ {MVH|$ amhmVm `oB©b {VVHo$ Xoh^mZ
{dgê$Z AmË_ñdê$nt gwImZ| ahmd|.
_hr {Z{_©br Xod Vmo dmoiImdmŸ&
O`m nmhVm§ _moj VËH$mi OrdmŸ&
V`m {ZJw©UmbmJr JyUt nhmd|Ÿ&
nar g§J gmoSy>{Z gyI| ahmdoŸ&&189Ÿ&&
kmZmZ| Amnb| ñdê$n OmUyZ, Xoh^mZ gmoSy>Z, [ZJw©U ^ŠVrZ§o
AmË_ñdê$nt AZÝ` hmoD$Z {dXohmdñWoV ahmd| Am{U Xoh^mZ AgVm§Zm A{^_mZ
gmoSy>Z, d¡am½`~bmZ| {Z§Ú H$_© Q>mimd|, åhUOo gËH$_©M H$amd|, Ag| _mJrb
ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVbo. Á`mbm _mojmMr BÀN>m Agob Ë`mZ| `m {ZJw©U Xodmbm AmoiIyZ
Ë`mÀ`met AZÝ` Agbo§ nm{hOo. nU Ë`mM~amo~a gJwUr§ OZmH$S>o{h Xwb©j hmoD$
XoVm§ H$m_m Z`o, Ag| `m ûcmoH$mV gm§JVmV.
(1-2) _hr {Z{_©br ...Ÿ& O`m nmhVm§...Ÿ&& ñdBÀN>oZ| _m`oMm
ñdrH$ma H$ê$Z Á`mZo§ Amnë`m {d{MÌ H$boZ| `m g¥ï>rMm XoImdm CËnÝZ Ho$bm
Amho Ë`m _w»` Xodmbm AmoiImd|. Ë`mMr AmoiI hmoD$Z Ë`mMo Xe©Z Pmb| VaM
OrdmÀ`m _mJ| bmJbobr g§gmanrS>m gwQy>Z Ë`mbm _moj àmßV hmoVmo.
na§Vw g¥ï>rnydu Agboë`m; g¥{ï> {Z_m©U H$aUmè`m Am{XXodmbm
AkmZm_wi| Z OmUVm g¥ï>rÀ`m nmoQ>t CËnÝZ Pmboë`m nmfmUm{X nXmWm©g bmoH$
Xod g_OVmV. Iè`m XodmMm {dMma H$aUmam ghòm_Y| EImXmM AgVmo. Xod|
{Z{_©br ho {jVrŸ& {VMo nmoQ>r§ nmfmU hmoVrŸ& V`mg{M Xod åhUVrŸ&
{ddoH$hrZŸ&& (Xm. 8-1-29) Hw§$^ma hm JmS>½`m-_S>Š`mnyduMm d Ë`m§À`mhÿZ
doJim Amho. Vt ^m§S>r åhUOo Hw§$^ma Zìho. Vg| Xoh hm g¥ï>rnyduMm, g¥ï>rhÿZ
doJim AgyZ g¥{ï> åhUOo Xod Zìho. g¥ï> nXmWmªMm H$ënZoZo Xod ~ZdyZ Ë`mM|
^OZ Ho$b| Va Ë`mZ| H$pënV \$i {_iob. na§Vw g§gma-{Zd¥{Îm hmoD$Z _moj
{_iUma Zmhr. nar Vo ^ŠV _mV| ZoUVrŸ& Oo H$ënZo~mhoar Z {ZKVrŸ&
åhUmo{Z H$pënV \$i nmdVrŸ& A§Vd§VŸ&& qH$~hþZm Eog| Oo§ ^OZŸ& V| g§gmamM|{M
gmYZŸ&& (km. 7-147,48) åhUyZ _moj ho \$i nm{hOo Agob Va OrdmZ|
{ZJ©wU, H$ënZmVrb Xod AmoiIbm nm{hOo.
362 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 363

{ZJw©UmË_H$, g¥{ï> {Z_m©U H$aUmam Xod g¥ï>rhwZ doJim d {ZJw©U
Amho. Ë`m emœV Xodmg AmoiIë`mZ|M _moj àmßV hmoVmo. Ag| nydm©Ym©V
gm§{JVb|. na§Vw Ë`m {ÌJwUmVrb XodmM| kmZ hmoÊ`mgmR>t kmZnyd© åhUOo kmZ
hmoÊ`mnydv gJwUmMm AmYma Ü`mdm bmJVmo. Am{U {ZJw©UkmZmZ§Va{h H¥$V¿ZËdmMm
Xmof bmJy§ Z`o åhUyZ gJwU ^OZ gwQ>Vm§ H$m_m Z`o. `mgmR>r "V`m {ZJw©Umbm{J
JwUr nhmdo', Ag| CÎmamYm©V gm§JVmV.
(3-4) V`m {ZJw©Umbm{J...Ÿ& nar g§J...Ÿ&& - Vmo {ZJw©U XodM JwUm§Zr
`wŠV Aem gd© nXmWmªZm ì`mnyZ nU doJim Agm Agë`m_wi| gJwUm§V {ZJw©U{h
g_m{dï> Amho. åhUyZ gJwU ^OZ{h Q>miVm§ H$m_m Z`o. ~«÷kmZ Pmb|, AmVm
gJyU ^OZ H$m` H$amd`mM| Ag| dmQ>U| hm Xmof hmo`. h| ^ŠVmM| AY:nVZ hmo`.
kmZ~i| CnmgZmŸ& Amåhr ^ŠV Oar _mZy§ ZmŸ& Var `m XmofmÀ`m nVZmŸ& nmdm|
A^ŠVnU|Ÿ&& (Xm. 6-7-40)
AkmZXeo|V hmoUmè`m CnmgZonojm kmZmoÎma CnmgZm hr dmñV{dH$ A{YH$
ào_ñdê$nmMr ìhmd`mg nm{hOo. H$maU kmZmoÎma CnmgZ|V Cnmñ`CnmgH$m§Mo§ ñdê$n
d g§~§Y R>mD$H$ AgVmV. O| JwUmVrV V| JwUmZ| ^mgb| åhUyZ {~KS>b| H$moR>| ?
JwUmVrV d JwUm§V O| emœV Amho Ë`mV H$moUVrM KS>m_moS> hmoV Zmhr. gVV
gmoZonUmZ| AgUma| gmoZ| Ab§H$maê$nm§V {Xgb| Va Agbobm AmZ§X {ÛJw{UV
ìhmd`mg nm{hOo. H$maU gmoZo Og|À`m Vg| amhÿZÀ`m amhÿZ da ^moJ nXar nS>Vmo.
Vg| JwUm§V Amboë`m {ZJw©U XodmÀ`m ^OZmZ| gJwU ^{ŠVào_gwI ^moJVm§ `oV| d
àm{U_mÌm§V{h ^JdX²^md CËnÝZ hmoVmo, nyOmonMma H$aVm `oVmo d ^yV_mÌt ào_
OS>V|. åhUyZ {ZJ©wU kmZ d gJwU ^OZ ht XmoÝht{h Agmdr.
V`m {ZJw©UmbmJr Oa JwUr nhmd`mM| Agob Va, Ë`mM| gd©loð> àVrH$
åhUOo gX²Jwê$ hmo`. "Jwê$: gmjmËna~«÷'Ag| V| àVrH$ Amho. nU Aem Jwê$Mr
^oQ> hmoB©nQ>°V àH¥$VtVrb gJwU OS> àVrH$mÀ`mÛma| {ZJw©UmH$S>o dmQ>Mmb H$amdr
bmJVo. `mgmR>r {R>H${R>H$mUr lram__yVvMr ñWmnZm g_WmªZr Ho$br. g_W©
åhUVmV, ^OZahrV kmZ| _moj hmoUma ZmhrŸ& gH$i {ZJ_ Ë`m§M| gma emoYy{Z
nmhrŸ&& gJwU ^OZ _mJ| a{jb| WmoaWm|arŸ& AY_ Za V`m§Mo kmZ g§XohH$marŸ&&''
nyd©ûcmoH$mZwg§YmZ bjmV KoVm gmam§e Agm {XgVmo H$s {dXohmdñWm
Agob Voìhm {ZJw©Umer ({ZJw©U AmË_ñdê$nr) AZÝ` Agmd| d Xoh^mZ Agob
Voìhm am_^OZm§V a§Jmd|. H$Vm© am_ _r Zìho AmnUŸ& Eog| gJwU{ZdoXZŸ& {ZJw©Ur
V| AZÝ`Ÿ&{ZJw©U{M hmoB©OoŸ&&(Xm. 6-7-34) g§J gmoSy>Z ewÕ AmË_M¡VÝ`met
AZÝ` hmoD$Z gwIm§V ahmd|. XodnX Amho {ZJw©UŸ& XodnXr AZÝ`nUŸ& hm{M
AW© nmhmVm nyU©Ÿ& g_mYmZ ~mUoŸ& (Xm. 6-9-32)
Zìho H$m`©H$Vm© Zìho g¥{ï>H$Vm©Ÿ&
naohÿZ nVm© Z qbno {ddVm©Ÿ&
V`m {Z{d©H$ënm{g H$ënrV Omd|Ÿ&
nar g§J gmoSy>{Z gyI| ahmd|Ÿ&&190Ÿ&&
Á`mZ| g¥{ï> {Z_m©U Ho$br Ë`m _w»` Xodmbm AmoiIë`mZ| _w{ŠV h| \$i
{_iVo. åhUyZ Ë`m {ZJw©U Xodmer AZÝ` Agmd|, nU gJwU XodmM| _hËd H$_r
boIy§ Z`o, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. Omo g¥ï>rÀ`m nyduMm nU Omo g¥ï>rodoJim.
na§Vw Á`mbm CnmYr_wi| gJwUËd d g¥{îoQ>H$V¥©Ëd {MH$Q>Vo, Ë`m ì`mnH$ AmË_XodmM|
{Zê$nm{YH$ ñdê$n gm§JyZ, Vmo {Z{d©H$ën Agbm Var, A{^_mZ gmoSy>Z Ë`mMr
H$ënZm H$arV Omd| H$ënZmVrV hmoD$Z gwIm§V ahmd|, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
(1) Zìho H$m`©H$Vm© - hm {ZJw©U Xod ~«÷Xodmà_mU| g¥{ï>H$Vm© qH$dm
{dîUyà_mU| {VMm nmbZH$Vm©{h Zmht. h| AdmT>ì` g¥{ï>H$m`© Ë`mÀ`m gÎmoda
Mmbb| Agb| Var Ë`m H$m`m©er `m XodmMm H$m§hr g§~§Y Zmhr. Vmo gmH$mam~amo~a
gmH$ma {XgVmo, nU Amnbo {ZamH$maËd gwQy>§ Z XoVm§. Ë`mbm g¥ï>rMm CËn{ÎmH$Vm©,
nmbZH$Vm© d g§hmaH$Vm© Ag| g_OU| h| AkmZ hmo`. OJmÀ`m Ordt AmhoŸ&
nar H$dUmÀ`m H$ht ZmohoŸ& OJmM| ho hmo` Om`|Ÿ& Vmo ewÕrhr ZoUoŸ&& Vmo
g¥ï>r nmir g§hmarŸ& Eog| ~mobVr O| MamMarŸ& V| AkmZ Jm AdYmar
n§Sw>Hw$_amŸ&& (km. 5-79,82)
(2) naohÿZ nVm© - Ag| ho AVŠ`© ñdê$n Agë`m_wio V| Ag| AJa
Vg| Amho, h| {ZpíMVnU| dmUrZ| gm§JVm§ `oV Zmhr. åhUyZ OoWyZ eãX
C_Q>md`mMm Ë`m namdmUr nbrH$S>Mm Vmo Amho, dmMmVrb Amho, namËna Amho.
naohÿZ Omo nVm©namËna{M ~mo{bOoŸ& CÝ_oe Vo namdmMmŸ& dmMmVrV {Za§OZwŸ&&
hm {ddVm© Z qbno - {ddV© åhUOo _m`m, ^«_. Ë`mbm _m`m ñne©
364 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 365

H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. _m`m hr H$ënZmê$n Agë`m_wi| hm Xod H$ënZ|V gm§nS>V
Zmht. Oo ~mobmg AmH$ioZmŸ& ~mmobë`m{dU{h H$ioZmŸ& O`mgr H$pënVm§
H$ënZmŸ& qhnwQ>r hmò oŸ&&(Xm. 6-10-7) Ag| ho {Zê$nm{YH$ ê$n Amho. V| dmMmVrV
Agb| Var ~mobë`m{edm` Og| H$iV Zmht Vg| Vo§ H$ënZmVrV Agbo| Var. H$ënZm
Ho$ë`m{edm` Vo AZw^dmbm `oV Zmhr. åhUyZ CÎmamYmªV "V`m {Z{d©H$ënm{g H$ënrV
Omdo' Ago åhQ>bo Amho.
Ë`m ewÕñdê$nmg§~§Yr H$ënZm hmoÊ`mg _w»` AS>MU H$moUVr Amho. h|
_mJ| ûcmoH$ 171 _Ü`o gm§{JVbo Amho, "Ah§VmJwUo H$pënVmhr H$ioZm' Ago VoWo
åhQ>bo Amho. AhVo_wio Ë`m ñdê$nmMr H$ënZm ZrQ> hmoV Zmhr, åhUyZ _rnUmMm
g§J gmoSy>Z Ë`m {Z{d©H$ënmg H$ënrV Omdo Am{U H$ënZmVrb ñdê$nm§V gwImZo
ahmdo Ago `oW| åhUVmV.
_rnU gmoS>yZ Ë`m {Z{d©H$ënmg H$g| H$ënrV Omdo h| g_WmªZr EH$m AmodrV
\$ma _m{_©H$nUo gm§{JVbo Amho. Vr Amodr Aer - {Z{d©H$ënmgr H$ënmd|Ÿ& nar
H$pënVo AmnU Z ìhmdoŸ& _rnUm{g Ë`mJmd|Ÿ& `oU| [aVrŸ&& (Xm. 7-7-56)
Ë`m ewÕ AmË_ñdê$nm{df`r H$ënZm H$arV Omd|, nU Ë`m H$ënZm§Mo
doJionUmZ| AmnU Ðï>o AJa gmjr ~Zy§ Z`o, O| {Z{d©H$ën V|M gd©gmjr, ì`mnH$,
àH$meH$ d gd©MmbH$ _mÂ`m Xohm§V ^ab| Amho, Aer H$ënZm H$amdr, nU XohmMm
AWdm gm{jËdmMm Ah§^md gmoS>mdm.
H$ënZmM Zmht Ag| H$ënZmeyÝ`Ëd Amb| H$s ewÝ`ËdmMr H$ënZm{h Zmht,
V| ewÕ ñdê$n hmo` d VrM VÐÿnVm. `mà_mUo _rnUmMm g_yi g§J gmoSy>Z ñdñdê$nr
gwImZ| ahmd|.
Xoho~w{ÕMm {ZíM`mo Á`m T>ioZmŸ&
V`m kmZ H$ënm§VH$mir H$ioZmŸ&
na~«÷m V| _rnU| AmH$ioZm
_Zt eyÝ` AkmZ h| _mdioZmŸ&&191Ÿ&&
Á`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr g¥{ï>H$V©¥Ëd qH$dm ^moŠV¥Ëd Zmht, Á`mbm _m`m
ñne© H$ê§$ eH$V Zmht, Omo dmMmVrV Amho Aem {Zê$nmm{YH$, {Z{d©H$ën
XodmMr _r nUm gmoSy>Z H$ënZm H$arV Omd| Am{U H$ënZmVrV hmoD$Z
ñdñdê$nm§V gwImZ| ahmd|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|, na§Vw Á`mMr
Xoh~w{Õ Zï> hmoV Zmht Ë`mbm H$Yr{h AmË_kmZ hmoV Zmhr Am{U _r nUm
gwQy>Z ~«÷Ë_¡Š` Omon`ªV hmoV Zmhr Vmon`ªV AkmZ Xya hmoV Zmhr, Agm `m
íbmoH$mV {gÕm§V gm§JVmV.
(1-2) Xoh~w{ÕMm...Ÿ& V`m kmZ....Ÿ&& - 138 ì`m ûcmoH$m§V
Á`mMr Xoh~w{Õ gwQ>V Zmht Ë`mbm Amnbo§ OwZ| R>odU| gm§nS>V Zmht, Ag| gm§JVm§Zm
`m ûcmoH$m§Vrb àW_ MaUmMo {ddoMZ g{dñVa Pmb| Amho. Ë`m ûcmoH$m§Vrb V¥Vrb
MaU AgmM Amho, Vgo§M `oWo§{h gm§JVmV H$s Á`m§Mr "Xoh åhUOo _r' hr AmË_KmVH$s
~w{Õ gwQ>V Zmhr. Ë`mbm H$Yr{h AmË_kmZ hmoUma Zmhr.
Ord hm dmñV{dH$ _wŠV AgyZ ~§YZ Ago H$moUmgM Zmhr. nU
AZm{XH$mbÀ`m ñdñdê$nmÀ`m AkmZm_wi| Xoh åhUOoM AmnU hmo`. Agm
^«_{Z{ü` ÑT> Pmboë`m AgVmo. H$moUmgrM Zmhr ~§YZŸ& ^«m§{VñVd ^wbbo
OZŸ& ÑT> KoVbm Xohm{^_mZŸ& åhUm¡{Z`m§Ÿ&& (Xm. 5-6-57) hr Xohm{^_mZmMr
^yb Omon`ªV Zmhter hmoV Zmhr. Vmon`ªV Amnb| AÝ` Ag| H$m§ht emœV
ñdê$n Agob Aer OmUrdM CËnÝZ hmoV Zmht Am[U _Zwî` {df`H$ënZm H$arV
d A{dÚ|V amhÿZ Amnbm ñdV:Mm ñdV: KmVM H$ê$Z KoVmo. åhUD${Z AmnU{M
AmnUno`mŸ& KmVw {H$OVw Ago YZ§O`mŸ& {MÎm XoD${Z Zm{W{b`mŸ&
Xohm{^_mZmŸ&& (km. 6-70)
(3-4) na~«÷ V| ... Ÿ& _Zt eyÝ`...Ÿ&& ~wÕrZ| Omon`ªV Xohm{^_mZ KÅ>
Yê$Z R>o{dbm Amho Omon`ªV {Vbm na~«÷mM| AmH$bZ hmoUma Zmhr hm {gÕm§V
gVV OmJ¥V ahmdm åhUyZ "OwZo' R>odU| _rnU| AmH$ioZm' `m 134 Vo 141 ûcmoH$m§À`m
JQ>m§V Vmo _m§Sy>Z nwÝhm§ `oW|{h Vmo gm§JVmV. na§Vw gmYwdMZmH$S>o Xwb©j H$ê$Z
""_mÂ`mgma»`m ~w{ÕdmZmbm H$m` AmH$bZ hmoV Zmht ?'' Aem K_|§S>rZo Oa
H$moUr V| na~«÷ nmh§ÿ Jobm Va V| nhmU|{h eyÝ`ËdmM| åhUOo AkmZmM| R>aV| d
nXat{h eyÝ` åhUOo AkmZM nS>V|. O| H$mht Zmhr V| eyÝ` na~«÷ hmo`, Ag|
~wÕrbm dmQy>Z Vr AkmZm§V VerM amhVo. AmnU H$moUt Var gmS>oVrZ hmVmMm EH$
XohYmar AmhmoV d nhmd`mM| na~«÷{h H$m§ht Var EH$ A\$mQ>, AdmT>ì` dñVy Amho
Aem Û¡V, doJionUmÀ`m ^mdZoZ| BVa dñVyà_mU| V| nmhÿ§ Joë`mg gd© eyÝ`ËdM
{XgUma. doJionUo§ nmhmU| KS>oŸ& VoUo d¥{Îm gyÝ`Ëdt nS>oŸ& nmoQ>r g§Xoh ndmS>oŸ&
366 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 367

gyÝ`ËdmMmŸ&& (Xm. 8-10-71)
_Zm ZmH$io ZmT>io ê$n Á`mM|Ÿ&
XwOodrU V| Ü`mZ gdm}Îm_mM|Ÿ&
V`m IyU Vo hrZ Ñï>m§V nmhoŸ&
VoWo| g§J {Z:g§J XmoZr Z gmho Ÿ&&192Ÿ&&
Xoh~w{Õ Agon`©V ~«÷kmZ H$Xm{Z àmßV hmoV Zmhr. _rnUmZ| V| OmUy§
Joë`mg d¥{Îm ewÝ`m§V nSy>Z AkmZ Vg|M amhV|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$mV gm§{JVb|.
~«÷ñdê$n h| _Zmbm Z H$iUma| A{Zd©MZr` d EH$_oH${ÛVr` Amho, Ag| gm§JyZ
189 ûcmoH$mnmgyZ àma§^ Ho$bobm _w»` Xod dmoiIU|' hm {df` `m ûcmoH$mZ| nwT>|
Mmby§ H$aVmV.
(1/3) _Zm Zm H$io...Ÿ& V`m IyU...Ÿ& gdmª d{S>b VgmM gdm}Îm_ Omo
A§VamË_m Ë`mM| ñdê$n _Zmbm AmH$bZ hmoÊ`mOmoJ| Zmhr. _Z V| nmh§ÿ Joë`mg
Ë`mbm gd© eyÝ`M ^mgV|. OoWo dmMm {ZdV©VVrŸ& _Zmgr Zmhr ~«÷àmßVrŸ& Eog|
~mo{bbr lwVrŸ& {gÕm§VdMZŸ&& (Xm. 7-2-10) _Zmbm V| ê$n ^mgV Zmhr|
åhUyZ V| ZmhtM Ag| åhUmd| Va Vg|{h Zmhr. V| gXmo{XV gd©Ì g§Mb| Amho, Oa
gd©Ì g§Mb| Amho Va Ë`m gdm}Îm_mM| Ü`mZ Amho Var H$moUmgmaI| ? AemgmaIo
åhUyZ Ñï>m§V XoD$Z gm§Jmd| åhQ>bo| Va Ë`mgmaIm Xwgam nXmW©M ZgyZ V| EH$ A{ÛVr`
Amho. åhUyZ Ñï>m§V XoD$Z V| gm§JVm `oV Zmht. ~«÷mgma[aI| Xwga|Ÿ& nmhmVm§ H$m`
Amho Ia|Ÿ& ~«÷m Ñï>m§V CÎma|Ÿ&H$Xm Z gmhoŸ&& (Xm. 7-2-9) Ë`mMr IyU
nQ>{dÊ`mgmR>r Omo Omo Ñï>m§V ¿`mdm Vmo Vmo {hUH$gM R>aVmo. Ë`mbm OdiMm Ñï>m§V
åhUOo AmH$memMm XoVmV. na§Vw AmH$me AZw^dm `oV|Ÿ& ñdê$n AZw^dmnaV|Ÿ&
åhUmo{Z`m§ AmH$memV|Ÿ& gmå`Vm Z KS>oŸ&& (Xm. 8-5-68)
(2/4) XwOodrU V|...Ÿ& VoW| g§J...Ÿ&& Aem `m ñdê$nmM| Ü`mZ
Var H$g| ìhmdo ?' "gdm}Îm_mM| Ü`mZ XwOodrU' Amho Ag| gm§JVmV. Ooìhm§
Ü`mZ YaUmam Ü`mVm Ü`o`m§V Zmhrgm hmoD$Z, Ho$di EH$ Ü`o`M ~mH$s CaV|
Voìhm§ Ë`mM| Ü`mZ hmoVo. åhUOo _r, Ü`mZ YaUmam Ü`o`m§V Ho$ìhm Zmhtgm
Pmbm| `mM| ^mZ{h amhmV Zmht, Voìhm h| Ü`mZ hmoV|. gmam§e. ~«÷ hmoD$ZM
~«÷ AZw^dmbm `oV|. Xoh~wÕrM| WmoanUŸ& na~«÷r Z Mbo OmUŸ& VoW| hmoVgo
{Zdm©UŸ& Ah§^mdmgrŸ&& (Xm. 7-2-23) Ë`m ñdê$nmÀ`m {R>H$mUt g§J qH$dm
{Z:g§J ho XmoÝhr{h ghZ hmoV ZmhtV. _r Ü`mZ YaUmam Amho qH$dm _r Ü`mZ
YaUmam Zìho, `m XmoÝhr{h H$ënZm g§nyZ, H$ënZmVrV Ag| O| Z gm§JVm
`oÊ`mOmoJ| CaV| V| Ë`m gdm}V_mM| Ü`mZ hmo`. H$ënZm OoW gm§S>moZr Om`oŸ&
VoW| {gÕñdê$n{M hmo`oŸ& V| hmVt XoVm Z`oŸ& _m¡Z|{M C_Omd|Ÿ&& (h§gamO)
H$moUË`m{h H$ënZoMm g§J Z amhVm§, H$ënZmVrV hmoD$Z ñdñW hmoUmam hmM
gdm}Îm_mÀ`m Ü`mZmMm A{YH$mar hmo`. gmo{S>Vm§ V`m g§JmgrŸ& EoŠ` hmo`
{Z:g§JmgrŸ& H$ënZo{dU àßVrgrŸ& A{YH$ma EogmŸ&& (Xm. 7-2-21)
Zìho OmUVm ZoUVm XodamUmŸ&
Z `o d{U©Vm§ doXemñÌm§ nwamUm§Ÿ&
Zìho Ñí` AÑí` gmjt V`mMmŸ&
l¥Vt ZoUVr ZoUVr A§V Ë`mMm Ÿ&&193Ÿ&&
Ë`m gdm}Îm_mM| ê$n _Zmbm Z H$iUma|, AdU©Zr` d gXmo{XV
g§Mbob| Ag| Amho; Ë`mM| Ü`mZ Û¡VH$ënZm gmoSy>Z Ë`mÀ`mer EH$ag Pmë`mZ|M
hmoV|, Ag|o _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbo. Ë`m na~«÷mMr AmUIr H$m§hr bjU| gm§JyZ
doXemñÌ nwamU|{h Ë`mM| dU©Z H$aÊ`mg Ag_W© AmhoV, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
~«÷ B§{Ð`m§Zr OmUVm§ `oV Zmht; na§Vw V| _wirM OmUVm `oV Zmht
Ago{h Zmht, Agm lr. Xod `m§Zr àW_ MaUmMm AW© {Xbm Amho. Va H$moUr
"na~«÷ OmUVm§ `oVo d OmUVm `oV Zmht, Ag|{h åhUVm§ `oV Zmht'.Agm
AW© {Xbm Amho.
na§Vw `oW| _w_wjyg V| OmUVm§ `oV| qH$dm OmUVm§ `oV Zmhr, h|
gm§Jmd`mM| ZgyZ, Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr H$moUV|M Û¡V ghZ hmoV Zmhr|, V|
"EH$_odm{ÛVr`_²' H$g| Amho, h| Ë`mM| ñdê$n bjU gm§JÊ`mMm {df` Mmb§y
Amho. _mJÀ`m ûcmoH$m§V VoWo§ g§J qH$dm {Z:g§J ho XmoÝhr{h ghZ hmoV ZmhrV,
h| Og| gm§{JVb| Vg|M `m MaUm§V OmUrd-ZoUrd h| Û¡V na~÷t Zmht, ho
gm§Jmd`mM| Amho Ag| dmQ>V|. `oW| "Z `o OmUVm ZoUVm' Ag| eãX ZgyZ "Zìho
OmUVm§-ZoUVm§' Ago eãX Agë`m_wio "XodamUm OmUVm ZoUVm Zìho' Agm
gai AÝd`mW© hmoVmo. na~«÷r qH$dm ewÕ AmË_ê$nr OmUrd{h Zmht
368 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 369

Am{U ZoUrd{h Zmht. OmUU| åh{UOo ñ_aUŸ& ZoUU| åhU{UOo {dñ_aUŸ&&(Xm.
9-4-40) OmUrd åhUOo OmUU| qH$dm ñ_aU Am{U ZoUrd åhUOo Z OmUU| qH$dm
{dñ_aU. OmUrd hr dm`wê$n M§Mb Agë`m_wi| dm`wê$n, M§Mb _m`|V Vr Amho.
nU {Züb na~«÷r Vr Zmhr. OmUrd åh{UOo OmUV| MiUŸ& V|{M dm`moM| bjUŸ&&
(Xm. 9-6-19) {dñ_aU h| AkmZ Agë`m_wio| V| _m`|V Amho nU na~«÷t Zmhr.
OmUrd ZoUrd, ñ_aU-{dñ_aU, àH$me-A§YH$ma BË`m{X Û¡V _m`|V Amho, nU h|
Û¡V na~«÷t Zmht. OmUrd hr gËdJwUr Amho. ZoUrd hr V_moJwUr Amho d H$m§hr
OmUrd d H$m§hr ZoUrd ho {_lU aOmoJwUmË_H$ Amho. ho {ÌJwU _m`|V AmhoV nU {ZJw©U
na~«÷mÀ`m {R>H$mUt V| H$go g§^dUma ? H$m§htM§ Zo{UOo V| AkmZŸ& gH$i Om{UO|
V| kmZŸ& OmUrd amhmVm§ {dkmZŸ& ñd`|{M AmË_mŸ&& (Xm. 9-7-51) gmam§e,
M§Mb d {ÌJwUmË_H$ _m`|V Û¡V AgV|; na§Vw {Züb {ZJw©U na~«÷mV V| ZgV|. åhUyZ
"Zìho OmUVm ZoUVm XodamUm,' Ag| åhQ>b| Amho. OmUVm ZoUVm àmUrŸ& OÝ_Vmo
_aVmo gXmŸ& OmUU| ZoUU| ZmhtŸ& Vo ~«÷ OmUVo ^boŸ&& (ñ\w$.)
V| ~«÷ Ñí`{h Zmht d AÑí`{h Zmht, qH$dm Ñí`Ñí`mM| V| gmjr{h
Zmht. Ñí`-ñWyb AmÑí`-gyú_ g¥ï>tVrb nXmWm©à_mUo V| ñWyb qH$dm gyú_ XmoÝhr{h
Zmht. ñWyb gyú_ nXmWmªV V| ì`mnyZ Amho. ^«_ê$n Ñí`mMm gmjr{h ^«_ê$nM
R>abo, åhUyZ V| gmjr{h Zmht. Ñí` Zm ^mg gmjrŸ& kmZmkmZ Ago{M ZmŸ& d¥Îmr
{Zd¥{Îmhr ZmhtŸ& eãX _m¡Z KS>o{M ZmŸ&& Aem `m {dbjU _m`onaË`m dñVyM|
_m{`H$ eãXmZo H$g| dU©Z H$aUma ? åhUyZ doXemñÌnwamU{XH$m§Zm Ë`m Anma dñVyMm
A§V bmJV Zmht d {VM| dmñVd dU©Z H$aÊ`mg ht gd© Ag_W© R>aVmV.
dgo öX`r Xod Vmo H$moU H¡$gmŸ&
nwgo AmXa| gmYHy$ àíZ EogmŸ&
Xoho Q>m{H$Vm§ Xod H$moR>| ahmVmoŸ&
nar _mJwVm R>md H$moR>| nhmVmoŸ &&194Ÿ&&
~«÷mñdê$nt OmUrd Zmht ZoUrd Zmht, V| Ñí` Zmht AÑí`{h
Zmht, V| EH$_odm{ÛVr`, {dbjU Ag| Agë`m_wio lw{VemñÌnwamUm{XH$m§Zm
Ë`mM| dU©Z{h H$aVm `oV Zhr, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. _Zwî` kmZr
Agmo qH$dm ~Õ Agmo, Ë`mÀ`m öX`m§V dmñVì` H$aUmè`m XodmM| ñdê$n
H$m` ? XohnmVmZ§Va Vmo H$moR>§o amhVmo ? Xohm~amo~a nwÝhm§ H$gm `oVmo ? BË`m{X
gmYH$mbm `oUmè`m e§H$m àíZê$nmZ| `m ûcmoH$m§V _m§S>VmV.
gmYH$mMr àm_m{UH$ e§H$m Aer Amho H$s àmUr_mÌmÀ`m {R>H$mUr
XodmM| dmñVì` Amho, Ag| Va Wmoa åhUVmV. Vmo Xod A_a Amho. nU nhmd| Va
àË`oH$ àmUr_mÌmbm OÝ__aU Amho. _J _aUmZ§Va Xohm_Ü`| dmñVì` H$aUmam
Xod H$moR>o OmVmo ? nwÝhm OÝ_ `oB©n`ªV Vmo H$moR>o ahmVmo ? d nwÝhm OÝ_ë`m~amo~a Vmo
H$moRy>Z `oVmo ? kmZr OÝ__aUmnmgyZ gwQ>Vmo åhUOo H$m` hmoVm| ? `m gmYH$mÀ`m
gd© e§H$m§Mo g_mYmZ EH$m dmŠ`m§V Amho. V| Ag| H$s Xohm§VaJ_Z h| Xodmbm
H$YrM ZgV|§. Vmo OemMm Vgm gXmo{XV g§MbobmM AgVmo, h| CÎma nwT>rb
195 ûcmoH$m§V {Xb| Amho. VoW| `mMm {dMma nmhÿ.
Xohm§VaJ_Z h| Oa Xohmbm ZgV| Va H$moUmbm AgV|, H$em_wio
hmoV| ? hr e§H$m nwÝhm amhVoM. hr e§H$m amhÿ§ Z`o d nwT>rb ûcmoH$m§W© ñnï> ìhmdm
åhUyZ dmgZmË_H$ qbJXohm_wio Xohm§VaJ_Z H$g| hmoV| `mMm WmoS>Š`mV
{dMma nmhÿ§.
Ord hm dmgZoZo ~Õ Agë`m_wio dmgZmj` hmoB©n`ªV Ë`mMm
nwZO©Ý_ gwQ>V Zmht. ^mo½` ^moJm§Mm j` Pmë`m_wio ñWyb XohmM| AË`§V {dñ_aU
hmoD$Z _aUmZ§Va Vmo ^y_rda nhVmo. na§Vw gyú_ qH$dm qbJ Xoh n§MàmUm~amo~a
ñWyb Xohm~mhoa nSy>Z dm`wê$nm§V amhVmo. n§MkmZ|{Ð`o, n§MH$_]{Ð`o, n§MàmU
d _Z Agm gmoim H$im§Mm gyú_Xoh ñWyb Xoh gmoSy>Z dm`wê$nm§V amhVmo. B§{Ð`| hr
_ZmÀ`m ñdmYrZ Agë`m_wi| dm`wê$n _ZmM| `m Xohm§V àmYmÝ` AgV|. _ZmgM
Xohm{^_mZ d dmgZm AgVmV. gmam§e. n§MàmU ñWio gmo{S>VrŸ& àmUê$n
dmgZmd¥Îmr dmgZm{_lrV àmU OmVrŸ& Xoh gmoSy>{Z`m§Ÿ&& (Xm. 9-8-4) `mà_mUo
dmgZm dm`wê$nm§V amhVo.
_Z h| ^moJdmgZm KÅ> Yê$Z R>o{dV|. A§VH$mbt Or ^moJdmgZm à~b
hmoD$Z amhVo, VÐÿn _Z hmoV| d Vr dmgZm nyU© hmoÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo H$_m©Zwgma Omo Xoh
~am dmQ>Vmo. Ë`m ñWyb Xohm§V V| àdoe H$[aV|. {df`dmgZmê$n _ZŸ&
{OZH$_©V§Ìo OmUŸ& Xohm§Vat H$ar J_ZŸ& VoW gàmU g§Ma|Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 22-
435) VmËn`©, dmgZm§À`m, àdmhm_wi|M OÝ_-_aU _mJ| bmJV|.
dmgZmM EH$ Xoh gmoSy>Z Xwgam Y[aVo. dm`mog[agr dmgZm JobrŸ&
370 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 371

Vo dm`wê$no{M am{hbrŸ& nwÝhm§ OÝ_ KoD${Z AmbrŸ& hoVwnaËd|Ÿ&&(Xm. 9-8-5)
AmË_kmZ Pmb| åhUOo Ordmbm Amnë`m AI§S> g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$nmMr, Amnë`m
nyU©ËdmMr OmUrd `oVo d {Z:eof dmgZmj` hmoVmo. ^mObob| ~rO Á`mà_mUo CJdV
Zmhr Ë`mà_mUo kmZmZ| ^{O©V Pmbobm qbJXoh nwÝhm OÝ_mbm H$maU hmoV Zmhr.
åhUyZ kmZr OÝ__aUmnmgyZ gwQ>Vmo.
dmgZmnyVugmR>r XohYmaU H$aUma| ho _Z dmñV{dH$ AmË_ñdê$nmhÿZ
A{bßV d {^ÝZ Amho. nU Ago AgyZ{h Xohm§VaJ_Z h| Amnb| ZgyZ AmËå`mM|
Amho, Ag| ^mg{dU| hr `m _ZmMr AVŠ`© Aer H$am_V Amho. AmË_m `mgr
A{bßV {^ÝZŸ& nar Xohmgd| Xmdr _JZŸ& ho A{VAVŠ`© qdXmZŸ& EoH$
bjU V`mM|Ÿ&& (Zm. ^m. 22-425) åhUyZM _Zwî` ^«_mZ| AmË_m Ambm
Am{U Jobm Ag| åhUVmo.
dgo öX`r Xod Vmo OmU EogmŸ&
Z^mM| nar ì`mnHy$ OmU V¡gmŸ&
gXm g§Mbm `oV Zm OmV H$m§htŸ&
V`mdrU H$moR>| [aVm R>md ZmhtŸ&&195Ÿ&&
Xod H$moR>| OmV `oV Zmhr, OmU| `oU| ho dmgZobm AgV| h| ñnï>
hmoÊ`mgmR>t ñWyb Xoh gwQ>bm åhUOo Ë`m§VyZ dmgZm ~mhoa OmVo, dm`wê$nmZ|
amhVo d VrM OÝ_mbm H$maU hmoD$Z nwÝhm Xoh YmaU H$aVo, Ag| _mJrb
íbmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. Á`mM| öX`m_Ü`o dmñVì` Amho Agm Xod Vmo H$moU d H$gm
Amho ? `m _mJrb íbmoH$m§V {dMmaboë`m gmYH$mÀ`m àíZmg `m íbmoH$mÀ`m
nydm©Ym©V CÎma Amho Am{U XohnmVmZ§Va Vmo Xod H$moR>o amhVmo, nwÝhm XohYmaU
H$aVmo H$m` ? `m Xwgè`m àíZmg `m íbmoH$mÀ`m CÎmamYm©V CÎma Amho.
(1-2) dgo öX`r –Ÿ& Z^mMo nar – && – öX`m§V dmñVì`
H$aUmam Xod H$gm Amho h| EoH$, OmUyZ Ko. Vmo Xod _`m©{XV ZgyZ
AmH$memà_mUo qnS>~«÷m§S>mbm A§V~m©ø ì`mnyZ AgUmam Agm ì`mnH$ Amho.
n¥ÏdrÀ`m H$UmH$Umbm{h ahmd`mg OmJm bmJVo. åhUyZ n¥ÏdrÀ`m A§V~m©ø
Á`mà_mU| ho AmH$me ì`mnyZ Amho., Ë`mà_mU| àm{U_mÌmbm hm Xod A§V~m©ø
ì`mnyZ Amho. `oWyZ CRy>Z XwgarH$S>o ~gb| qH$dm niV gwQ>b| Var ~gU|,
niU| ho gd© AmH$mem§VM AgV| d V| gÝ_wI AgV|M, VgoM `m XodmM|
ñdê$n ì`mnH$ Amho. njr A§Vamit Jobm§Ÿ & ^m|dV| AmH$me{M V`mbm Ÿ& V¡g|
~«÷ àmUr`mbmŸ & ì`mnyZ Amho Ÿ&&(Xm. 20-10-9) h|M ì`mnH$ M¡VÝ` A{V
ñdÀN> d `mo½` Aem A§V:H$aUm§V ^mg_mZ hmoV|. `mbmM A§Vgm©jr Ag|
åhUVmV. A§V:H$aUd¥ÎmtZm ho M¡VÝ` àH$m{eV H$aV| d Ë`m_wi|M àm{U_mÌmbm
B§{Ð`Ûmam {df`mM| J«hU hmoV|. ^JdmZ CÛdmbm åhUVmV- _OdoJim [aVm
H$m§hrŸ & AUw^ar R>md Cabm ZmhtŸ & _r gdm©Ë_m gd© XohtŸ & gd©JV nmht
gd©XmŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 10-695) _R>mÀ`m AmH$mam§V gm§nS>boë`m _hXmH$membm
Á`mà_mUo _R>mH$me Ag| åhQ>bo OmVo, Ë`mà_mU| XohmÀ`m AmH$mam§V gm§nS>boë`m
`m {dídì`mnH$ M¡VÝ`mg Xohr Ag| Zm§d àmßV hmoV|. Ed§ê$n n¢ AmË_mŸ & Xoht
Oo åhUVr {à`moÎm_mŸ & V| _R>mH$ma| ì`mo_mŸ & Zm§_ O¡g|Ÿ && (km. 13-1114)
Og| _R>mH$me V|M _hXmH$me AgV|, Vg| öX`ñW Xod V|M ho gd©JV {dœM¡VÝ`hmo`.
(3/4) gXmg§Mbm... Ÿ& V`mdrU ...Ÿ && ho {dœì`mnH$ M¡VÝ` åhUOo
~«÷ H$ënH$mbt{h Zmhrg| Z hmoUma| Ag| gXmo{XV ì`mnyZ Agë`m_wio Ë`mÀ`m
ApñVËdmda AZoH$ Xohm§Mo AmH$ma {Z_m©U hmoVmV d Zmhtgo hmoVmV. na§Vw V|
M¡VÝ` XohmH¥${V KoVhr Zmht d Q>mH$sV{h Zmht. V| Og|À`m Vgo Xohm§Zm
A§V~m©ø ì`mnyZ A{bßV AgV|. V¡g| V`m{M`o AZwñnyVuŸ& hmoVr OmVr
XohmH¥$Vr Ÿ& Vmo Ko Zm gm§S>r gw_VrŸ& O¡gm V¡gmŸ&& (km 13-1115) _mVrM|
JmS>J| BH$Sy>Z {VH$S>o R>o{db| Var Ë`m~amo~a AmH$me h| AgV|M. Ë`m§V
A_¥V ^ab| qH$dm IV R>o{db| Var Ë`mVrb AmH$me h| Ë`m XmoÝhr nXmWm©nmgyZ
A{bßVM amhV|. V| _S>H|$ \w$Qy>Z My>a Pmb| Var AmH$membm H$m§hr VS>m OmV
Zmht. AmH$me OemM| Vgo ahmV| d ZdrZ KQ> {Z_m©U Pmbm H$s¨ Ë`mbm V|
ì`mnV|. Vg|M `m öX`ñW AmË_XodmM| Amho. eara| {Z_m©U Pmbt, am{hbr
Am{U Jobr Var Ë`m Xodmg OmUf|-`oUo Zmhr. Vmo OemMm Vgm, AI§S> A{bßV
Agm gdm]Zm ì`mnyZ AgVmoM. Vodt XohmM| ZœanUŸ& AmË_m AI§S>Ëd| n[anyU©Ÿ&
AmËå`mgr Xohm§VaJ_ZŸ& OÝ__aU AgoZmŸ&& (Zm. ^m. 22-430)
Z^r dmdao Omo AUyaoUy H$m§hrŸ&
[aVm R>md `m amKdodrU ZmhtŸ&
V`m nmhVm§ nmhVm§ V|{M Omb|Ÿ&
VoWo bj Ambj gd} ~wS>mb|Ÿ&&196Ÿ&&
372 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 373

Á`mM| öX`m§V dmñVì` Amho Vmo Xod AmH$memà_mU| ì`mnH$ AgyZ
Vmo {dœm§V OemMm Vgm KZXmQ> ^ê$Z am{hbobm Amho. Vmo H$moR>| OmV `oV
Zmht, Ag| gmYH$mÀ`m àíZmg _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V CÎma {Xb|. öX`ñW Xod
AmH$memVrb AUwaoUy_Ü`o{h ^abobm AgyZ VmoM amKd, hmo` AmË_m hmo`. `m
amKdmMm emoY KoV Jobo H$s _Zwî` VÐÿn hmoD$Z ñdV:bm {dgê$Z OmVmo, Ag|
`m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
(1/2) Z^r dmda| ...Ÿ& [aVm R>md ....Ÿ&& AmH$mem§V gyú_ Ago
AZoH$ Ord dmdaV AgVmV. Vo S>moù`m§Zm ghOmghOr {XgV ZmhtV. nU KamV
nS>boë`m CÝhmÀ`m H$S>moem§V Ë`m§Mr hmbMmb {XgVo. Ë`m gyú_ Ordm§V{h am_-
AmË_m ^ê$Z am{hbm Amho. Ë`mÀ`m{edm` [aH$m_r Aer OmJmM Zmhr.
(3/4) V`m nmhVm§....Ÿ& VoW| bj ...Ÿ&& Aem `m amKdmM| Xe©Z KoVm§
KoVm§ Xe©Z KoUmamM VÐÿn hmoD$Z OmVmo Am{U Ë`m ñdê$nm§VM gd© Ñí`mÑí`mMm
b` hmoD$Z OmVmo. Ñí`, Ðï>m Am{U Xe©Z hr {ÌnwQ>r Zmhter hmoVo.
Abj åhUOo Á`m§V bj _waV| V| na~«÷m bjmd|. åhUOo gyú_ kmZÑï>rZ|
AZw^dyZ bj _mdib| H$s V|M Ag| bjmd|, M_©Ñï>rZ| qH$dm gyú_ kmZÑï>rZ|
AmË_mM nmhmVmo. åhUyZ S>mo{i`mMm S>moimŸ& nhm Zmam`UŸ&Ago g§V åhUVmV.
Ag| nmhVm§ nmhVm§ _Zmob` hmoD$Z Ñí`mÑí` _mdiV|. O`mdrU H$moR>| [aVm R>md
ZmhtŸ& V`m emo{YVm§ Vmo{M hmoD${Z amhrŸ& åhUo Xmg {dœmg ^md| YamdmŸ&
Iam Xod Vmo AmXa| dmoiImdmŸ&& (H$. A.)
hm ûbmoH$mW© Pmbm. na§Vw `m d nwT>rb H$m§hr ûcmoH$mdê$Z
{M{H$ËgH$mÀ`m _Zm§V EH$ ñd^m{dH$ e§H$m CËnÝZ hmoÊ`mOmoJr Amho {H|$dm
EImÚmÀ`m {dMmam§V Jm|Yi CËnÝZ hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho. _Zmo~moYmMm
eodQ>{h Odi Amë`m_wi| H$moUVr{h e§H$m VetM amhU| Bï> Zmht åhUyZ Ë`m
e§Ho$Mo ñdê$n H$m`, {VM| g_mYmZ H$moUVo h| nmhÿ§. íbmoH$ 189 nmgyZ _w»`
Xod H$moU, XodamUm H$moUmbm åhUmd| ? `m {df`mg gwê$dmV hmoVo. Vmo Xod
g¥{ï>H$Vm© nU g¥{ï>nVm©, naohÿZ na, {ZJw©U, {Zo{d©H$ën, OmUrd-ZoUrd a{hV,
öX`ñW, AUwaoUy§Zm ì`mnyZ gXmo{XV Agm Amho, Aer Ë`mMr AmoiI `m
íbmoH$mn`ªV H$ê$Z {Xbr Amho. ho§ gd© dU©Z na~«÷ qH$dm {Zê$nm{YH$, ewÕ
AmË_ñdê$nmM| Amho. 191 ûcmoH$m§V "na~«÷ Vo _r nU| AmH$ioZm' Ag|
åhQ>b|{h Amho. Ag| AgVm§Zm `m ûcmoH$mnmgyZ nwT>rb Mma ûcmoH$mV amKd,
aKwn{V, am_ hr gJwU ~«÷dmMH$ Zm§do H$emgmR>r `mo{Obt AmhoV ? ûcmoH$
200 _Ü`o Va gd© {R>H$mUr ~«÷ nhm, Ag| Z åhUVm "Vmo Jo Vmo{M Vmo am_ gd©Ì
nmho' Ag| åhQ>b| Amho. gJwU h| Zmed§V Ag| gm§JVmV. AdVmar Xod hmoD$Z Jobo
åhUyZ Zœa hmoV, Ag| åhUVmV. AWdm ZmZm AdVmaŸ&EoH$moZr Y[aVr {ZYm©aŸ&
nar Vo AdKo g{dñVaŸ& hmoD$Z Job|Ÿ&& `oH$ ~«÷m{dîUw_hoeŸ& EoH$moZ åhUVr ho
{deofŸ& JwUmVrb Omo OJXreŸ& Omo nm{hbm nm{hOoŸ&& (Xm. 19-5-19,20)
àH¥$Vr_Yrb Xod àH¥$VrgmaIo hmoV, Ag|{h ~mobVmV. Ag| Oa Amho Va "V`m
{ZJw©UmbmqJ JyUt nhmd|' (ûcmoH$ 189) "V`m {Z{dªH$ënm{g H$ënrV Omd|' (ûcmoH$
190) h| H$emgmR>t ? gË` gm§Sy>Z Zmed§VmÀ`m _mJ| H$m§ bmJmd`mM| ? {ZJw©U
kmZmZo Oa _moj {_iVmo Va {ZJw©U ~«÷ñdê$ndU©Zm§V Zmed§V gJwU H$embm ?
gJwU Zm{gd§V Eogo gm§JVmŸ& nwÝhm ^OZ H$amd| åhUVm§Ÿ& Var H$memgmR>r AmVm§Ÿ&
^OZ H$ê§$Ÿ&& ñdm_rMo {^S>oZ| ~mobdoZmŸ& `oèhdt h| H$m§hrM _mZoZmŸ&& (Xm. 6-
7-7,8) Aer _ZmMr AdñWm hmoD$Z `m {R>H$mUt Jm|Yi hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho.
åhUyZ g_WmªÀ`m am_CnmgZoM| ahñ` OmUyZ A{YH$mamZwê$n CnmgZm H$arV {VMm
eodQ> Jm§R>bm nm{hOo. Vmo eodQ> åhUOo CnmgZm godQ>tŸ& Xodm§ ^ŠVm AI§S>
^oQ>rŸ&& (Xm. 18-2-30) hm hmo`.
g_WmªMm am_ H$iÊ`mgmR>t gJwU d {ZJ©wU `m eãXm§À`m Ë`m§Zt
Ho$boë`m ì`m»`m nhmì`m. M§MinU| {dH$mab|Ÿ& gJwU Eog| ~mo{bb|Ÿ& `oao V|
{ZJ©wU Cab|Ÿ& JwUmVrVŸ&& (Xm. 16-9-13) {Züi, ewÕ Aem na~«÷ñdê$nt
{ÌJwUmË_H$ _m`oÀ`m CnmYr_wi| M§MbËd ^mgy bmJb| H$s¨ Ë`mbmM gJwUËd
`oV|. ewÕ na~«÷ JwUm_wi| e~b ^mgVo. ewÕ ~«÷mÀ`m {R>H$mUt O| àW_
"Ah§ ~«÷mpñ_' Ag| ñ\w$aU Pmb|, åhUOo M§MbËd ^mgb| VrM _m`m, VmoM
A§VamË_m, AmË_mam_ qH$dm g_WmªMm am_ hmo`. VmoM B©œa VmoM AdVmar
Xod, Vmo gd©Xod d VmoM OrdmË_m hmo`. AmË_m A§VamË_m {dœmË_mŸ& Ðï>m
gmjr gdm©Ë_mŸ& joÌk {edmË_m OrdmË_mŸ& Xohr Hy$Q>ñW ~mo{bOoŸ&& (Xm.
10-10-18) g¥ï>rVrb OS>MoVZmË_H$ gd© V_mem `m A§VamË_mÀ`m gÎmoda
MmbVmo. gH$i Mm{iVm `oH$Ÿ& A§VamË_m dV©dr AZoH$Ÿ& _w§JrnmgyZ
~«÷m{XH$Ÿ& VoU|{M MmbVrŸ&& (Xm. 10-10-35)
gd© g¥{ï>Ioi Oa `m AmË_XodmMmM Va AdVmaYmaH${h VmoM, _J
Omo AdVma gdm©oÎm_ JwUm§Zr _§{S>V Amho VmoM AmXe© _mZU|, Ë`mMo X¡dr
374 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 375

JwU KoU| d Ë`mda ào_ H$aU| h| `mo½`M R>aV|. earaYmar ^º$mbm earaYmar
A§VamËå`m{edm` ^OZnyOZ hmoV Zmht d ^OZnyOZm{edm` ^º$mbm g_mYmZ
Zmht. åhUmoZr Xoøm{dU AS>V|Ÿ& gmH$S>|{M nS>V|Ÿ& XoømH$[aVm KS>V|Ÿ& ^OZ
H$m§htŸ&& (Xm. 19-5-12) `mgmR>t gJwU lram__yVvMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. VmoM
A§VamË_m lram__yVuV{h Amho d ^ŠVm§V{h Amho. _yVuMm AmH$ma d ^º$mMm Xoh ho
doJio Pmbo H$s¨ EH$ {Zê$nm{YH$ AmË_mM amhVmo. AmË_mZmË_{ddoH$mZ| ^º$mMr
Xoh~wpÜX Zmhter hmoD$Z Xoh{Zamg Pmbm H$s¨ M§Mb XodmM| A§VamË_nU Zmhtg| hmoV|
d {Zénm{YH$, {Züb na~«÷M CaV|. Vo§M Amnb|{h emœV ê$n hmo`. Xoh_mÌ
{Zagw{Z JobmŸ& VoW| A§VamË_m H¡$gm CabmŸ& {Z{d©H$mat {dH$mabmŸ& R>md ZmhtŸ&&
(Xm. 10-10-48) gmam§e, A§V:H$aUm§V Û¡V-~w{Õ d Xohñ_aU AgVm§Zm
"aKwn{VamKd amOmam_" åhUyZ am_^OZ H$amd| Am{U Xoh{ZamgmZo Xoh^md hanbm
H$s¨ {Zê$nm{YH$ lram_met AZÝ` ìhmd|. AdVmaH$m`m}nm{YdoJim lram_ åhUOo
~«÷M hmo`. `m ÑîQ>rZ| na~«÷ñdê$ndU©Zm§V amKd, aKwn{V, am_ ho eãX ûcmoH$m§_YyZ
Ambo AmhoV. H$V©¥Ëd doJi| H$amd|Ÿ& _J Ë`m Xodmgr nmhmd|Ÿ& VarM H$m§ht`oH$
nS>o R>md|Ÿ& Jm¡ß`JwøŸ&& (Xm. 19-5-24)
Z^mgm[aI| ê$n `m amKdmM|Ÿ&
_Zt qM{VVm§ _yi VyQ>o ^dmM|Ÿ&
V`m nmhVm§ Xoh~wÕr CaoZmŸ&
gXm gd©Xm AmV© nmoQ>t nwaoZmŸ&&197Ÿ&&
`m amKdmZ| AUwaoUy§Zm{h ì`m{nbo§ AgyZ Vmo Zmht Ag| [aH$m_|
{R>H$mUM Zmht. Ë`m amKdmM| _yi ñdê$n gm§JyZ Vmo nmhÿ§ Joë`mg Ñí`mÑí` gd©
_mdiVo, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVbo§. Aem amKdmÀ`m qMVZmZ| H$moUV|
\$b àmá hmoV|, h| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
(1/2) Z^mgm{aI|...Ÿ& aKyZm`H$m...Ÿ&& amKdñdê$nmMr ewÜX H$ënZm
`mdr `m Ñï>rZo AJXr `mo½` åhUyZ AmH$memMm Ñï>m§V XoVmV. "I§~«÷"
Aer lwVr{h Amho. AmH$me h| ì`mnH$, {Z_©i d {Züi Agë`m_wi| V|
ñdê$nmgmaI| hmo`, Ag| åhQ>b| OmV|. na§Vw {Z{d©H$ma, ewÕ AmË_ñdê$n h|
na~«÷M Agë`m_wi| Cn_oa{hVM Amho. BVa H$dr Á`mbm AmH$me åhUVmV
Ë`mbm g_W© A§VamË_m åhUVmV. H$maU g¥{ï> CËnÎmrnydu O| àW_ ñ\w$aU
Pmb| V| dm`w d OmUrdê$nmM| Agë`m_wi| Ë`mbm _wim§VM M§MbËd Amho.
Am{U AmH$me h| ñVãY Amho. M§Mi Vmo A§VamË_mŸ& AmH$me Z Mio H$XmŸ&
åhUyZ n§M_hm^yVm§Mr CËn{Îm gm§JVm§Zm AmH$memnmgyZ dm`w Pmbm Ag| g_W©
åhUVmV. AmH$me åh{UOo A§VamË_mŸ& àË``o nmhmdm _{h_mŸ& Ë`m
AmH$memnmgyZ OÝ_mŸ& dm`mo AmbmŸ&& (Xm. 12-6-12) gmam§e, AmH$me h|
ì`mnH$, {Z_©i d {Züi Agë`m_wi| lram_ê$nmbm Ë`mMr Cn_m Oar {Xbr
Agbr Var Vr Anwar d {hUgH$M Amho. AmH$me d lram_ê$n `m§V O_rZ-
Añ_mZmM| A§Va Amho. V| Ago :- 1 "lram_ê$nm§V (AmË_m) dU© Zmht.
AmH$me h| í`m_dUmªMo Amho. 2 AmH$me nmoH$i, AdH$meê$n Amho;
lram_ê$n gd©Ì, gXmo{XV g§Mb| Amho, Ë`mÀ`m{edm` [aH$m_| {R>H$mU Zmht.
3 AmH$me ho V_moJwUmnmgyZ Pmbo Agë`m_wi| Ë`mV H$m_H«$moYm{X {dH$ma
AmhoV, ñVãYV|_wi| Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr§ OS>Ëd, ewÝ`Ëd Amho Am{U ewÝ`Ëdm_wi|
AkmZ Amho, `mà_mUo AmH$memMm gßV{dY ñd^md Amho Ag| emó gm§JV|.
H$m_H«$moY emoH$ _mohmoŸ& ^d AkmZ gyÝ`Ëd nmhmoŸ& Eogm gá{dY ñd^md
AmH$memMmŸ&& (Xm. 8-5-41) Aem `m gßVJwUm§Zt `wº$ n§M_hm^yVm§Vrb
EH$m ^yVmMr Cn_m {ZJw©U d nwamVZ am_ê$nmbm H$er emo^ob ? 4 AmH$me
ho Ñí` Agë`m_wi| hmoVo. AmH$me doJionU| nmhmd|Ÿ& ñdê$nt ñdê$n{M
ìhmd|Ÿ& dñVyM| nmhmU| ñd^md|Ÿ& Eogo AgoŸ&& (Xm. 8-5-66)
Z^| ì`m{nb| gd© g¥ï>rg AmhoŸ&
aKyZm`H$m Cn_m Vo Z gmhoŸ&
XwOodrU Omo Vmo{M Vmo hm ñd^md|Ÿ&
V`m ì`mnHy$ ì`W© H¡$g| åhUmd|Ÿ&&198Ÿ&&
dñVwV: lram_ê$nmdm§MyZ Xwga| Ag| H$m§hr§M Zmht. V|M EH$
AÛ`ê$n gd©Ì, gXmo{XV Amho. na§Vw AkmZOÝ` ^«m§{V_wi| g¥ï>rMm Ñí` ngmam
gË` ^mgVmo. åhUyZ Ë`m JwUmVrV ñdê$nmda g¥{ï>H$Vm©, ^Vm©, ^moº$m
BË`m{X JwUm§Mm Amamon Ho$bm OmVmo. Omon`ªV Ñí` OJ h| Ia| ^mgV|, Vmon`ªV
376 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 377

~«÷mZ| V| ì`m{nb| Amho, Ag| åhUmd| bmJV|. na§Vw lmoVoM Zgob Va dº$m
H$moUmbm åhUUma ? Vg| am_ê$nmdm§MyZ Xwga| H$mht ZmhtM, Ag| gË`kmZ
Pmë`mZ§Va, OoW| ì`mnmd`mg AÝ` nXmW©M Zmht VoW| Ë`m ê$nmbm ì`mnH$ hm
eãX Var H$gm {edUma? åhUyZ Ë`m ê$nmbm AmH$memMm Ñï>m§V XoD$Z
ì`mnH$ Ag| åhUVm `oV Zmht. ~«÷ ì`mnH$ h| Vmo Ia|Ÿ& Ñí` Amho Vm| h|
CÎma|Ÿ& ì`mn|{dU H$moÊ`màH$ma|Ÿ& ì`mnH$ åhUmd|Ÿ&& (Xm. 20-10-23)
AVr OrU© {dñVrU© V| ê$n AmhoŸ&
VoW| VH©$ g§nH©$ Vmohr Z gmhoŸ&
AVr JyT> Vo Ñí` VËH$mi gmon|Ÿ&
XwOodrU O| IyU ñdm_ràVmn|Ÿ&&199Ÿ&&
lram_ê$nmg AmH$memMr Cn_m{h gmOV Zmht. H$maU AmH$me gd©
g¥ï>rbm ì`m{nV|, nU lram_ê$nmdmMyZ AÝ` H$m§htM Zgë`m_wi| ì`mß`m§dmMyZ
Ë`mg ì`mnH$ åhUVm§ `oV Zmht, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|. Ë`m amKdê$nmM|
dU©Z `m{h ûcmoH$m§V Mmby R>odyZ Ë`m ê$nmMr "EH$_odm[ÛVr`_²" hr IyU
gX²Jwê$~moYmZ|M H$iVo, Ag| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
(1) AVrOrU©...Ÿ& - Agm Omo aKwZm`H$ Ë`mM| ê$n OrU© åhUOo
OwZmQ> qH$dm nwamVZ Amho. OwZmQ> nwéf Ag| Ë`mM| dU©Z{h g_WmªZr Ho$b| Amho.
gd© gÎmmYmar, MmbH$, gwÌYma, Agm AgyZ{h Á`mMm EH$m§V _moS>V Zmht, Ag|
O| ~«÷ VmoM OwZmQ> nwê$f hmo`. V| ñdê$n A[V {dñVrU© åhUOo \$ma _moR>|,
Mhÿ§H$S>o ngabobo, Á`mMm nma bmJV Zmhr Ag| d gXmo{XV Agbobo Ag| Amho.
g¥ï>rnydu g¥{ï> MmbVm§Ÿ& g¥[ï> AdKr g§hmaVm§Ÿ& emœV Xod VÎdVmŸ&
Am{XA§VtŸ&& (Xm. 6-6-48)
(2) VoW| VH©$... Ÿ& Ag| h| {dbjU ñdê$n Agë`m_wi| Ë`mÀ`mg§~§Yt
qH${MV{h VH©$ H$aVm§ `oV Zmht. VH©$ OoW| nmohmoMy§ eH$V Zmht, AmnmoAmn
_mdiyZ OmVmo Ag| h| AVŠ`© ñdê$n Amho. Amho {VVwH|$ Zmhtg| Omb|Ÿ& Zmht
ZmhtnU| {Z_mb|Ÿ& Amho Zmht OmD${Z Cab|Ÿ& ZgmoZ H$m§htŸ&& Aem `m
A{Zdm©À` dñVyn`ªV VH©$ nmoMmdm Var H$gm ?
(3/4) AVr JyT>....Ÿ& XwOodrU....Ÿ&& - Ag| h| AVŠ`© d JyT>
ê$n Agb| Var Aem JwéàVmnmZ| Ë`mÀ`m A{V gwb^nU| {Zü` hmoVmo.
_w»` na_mË_m AZw^dmbm `oD$Z V|M Amnb| ñdê$n Amho, Ag| H$iyZ `oU| `mbmM
na_mW© Ag| åhUVmV. Vmo dmñV{dH$ gwJ_ Amho, na§Vw Ë`m§Vrb d_© _mhrV
Zgë`m_wi|, AZoH$m§Zm Vmo gmonm AgyZ{h AdKS>, XwJ©_ dmQ>Vmo. Vmo gmonm hmoÊ`mM|
d_© gËg§JmV Amho. Amho Var na_ gwJ_Ÿ& nar OZmgr Ombm XwJ©_Ÿ& H$m§ O`mM|
MwH$b| d_©Ÿ& gËg_mJ_mH$S>oŸ&& (Xm. 1-9-2) `m ^mdmWm©Zo "AVr JyT> V| Ñí`
VËH$mi gmon|" Ag| ûcmoH$m§V åhQ>b| Amho. Amnë`m ~mbH$mMm ñd^md OmUyZ
_mVm Á`mà_mUo Ë`mMr g_OyV KmbVo, Ë`mà_mU| {eî`mMm A{YH$ma bjm§V KoD$Z
`mo½` Ë`m _mJm©Z| gX²Jwé Ë`mM| g_mYmZ H$aVmV. åhUyZ Jwø na_mW© gwJ_
hmoVmo. h| Jwø ñdê$n nQ>Ê`mgmR>t Ë`mMr H$m§ht IyU gm§Jmdr åhQ>b| Va
Ë`mÀ`mgmaIm Xwgam nXmW©M Zmht. EH$_od V|M am_ñdê$n gd©Ì Amho, hrM
Ë`mMr IyU Agë`m_wi| gm_W©g§nÞ gX²Jwé{edm` Vr H$moUmbm{h nQ>dyZ XoVm
`oÊ`mgmaIr Zmhr. gm§JVm Z `o V| gm§JUoŸ& JmoS>r H$imd`m Jyi XoU|Ÿ& Eog|
h| gX²Jwé{dU|Ÿ& hmoUma ZmhtŸ&& (Xm. 6-10-10)
H$io AmH$io ê$n V| kmZ hmoVm§Ÿ&
VoW| AmQ>br gd©gmjr AdñWmŸ&
_Zm CÝ_Zr eãX Hw§$R>rV amhoŸ&
Vmo Jo Vmo{M Vmo am_ gd©Ì nmhoŸ&&200Ÿ&&
lram_ê$n ho nwamVZ, AVŠ`© d A{V JyT> Agb| Var
gX²Jwê$gm_Ï`m©Z| V| VËH$mi gwJ_ hmoV|, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|.
gX²JwéH$Sy>Z n«má Pmboë`m kmZm_wi| Ë`m ewÕ ñdê$nm§Mo AmH$bZ hmoD$Z
AdñWmVrV Aer ñdê$npñW{V H$er àmá hmoVo d gd©Ì am_Xe©Z H$g| KS>V|
V| `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
(1) H$io AmH$io...Ÿ& - O| gm§JVm `oV Zmht V| gm§JÊ`mM|
gX²Jwê$À`m {R>H$mUr§ gm_Ï`© Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§À`m H¥$noZ| Ë`m am_ñdê$nmM| kmZ
hmoD$Z V| àË``mg `oV|. hm AZw^d AdñWmVrV Agm Agë`m_wi| Vmo gm§JVm§
`oV Zmht, Ë`m pñWVtM| dU©Z H$[aVm§M `oV Zmht.
(2) VoW| AmQ>br...Ÿ&& - _Zwî`mbm OmJ¥{V, ñdßZ d gwfw{ßV `m
VrZ AdñWm§Mm AZw^d AgVmo. na§Vw `m VrZ AdñWmdoJir EH$ Mm¡Wr
378 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 379

AdñWm Amho. {VMr OmUrd _Zwî`mbm ZgVo. `m AdñWobm Vy`m© qH$dm
gd©gmjr AdñWm Ago åhUVmV. hr AdñWm gd© OmUrdñdê$n [H§$dm
kmZñdê$n Amho. `m AdñWobmM _hmH$maU Xoh åhUVmV. hr ewÕ gËdJwUê$n
AdñWm Amho. OmUo ~«÷ OmUo _m`mŸ& Vo `oH$ OmUmdr Vy`m©Ÿ& gd© OmUo
åhUmo{Z`mŸ& gd©H$gm{jUrŸ&& (Xm. 7-5-5) OmJ¥{V, ñdßZ d gwfw{ßV `m VrZ
AdñWm ~wÕrÀ`m Amho. `m VrZ AdñWm Á`mÀ`m `moJmZ| OmUë`m OmVmV,
Vmo `m VrZ AdñWm§Mm gmjr `m AdñWmhÿZ AJXt {Zamim Amho, Ë`mbm Vwar`
åhUVmV. h| gmjrM¡VÝ` ewÕ kmZñdê$n, g{ƒXmZ§Xê$n Amho,
`m ewÕ M¡VÝ`mbm Vwar` d gmjr ht Ot {deofU| bmJVmV Vt
VrZ AdñWmÀ`m AnojoZ| AmhoV. dmñV{dH$ Vt Iat ZmhtV. h| g_OÊ`mgmR>t
EH$ gw§Xa JwOamWr Xmohm Amho. Ë`m§V {eî` Amnbm ñdê$nmZw^d gm§JVmo, Vmo
Agm, Vw`m© gmjr Vmo H$mo` H$ho, gmú` nXmaW hmo`Ÿ&& Cnm{Ya{hV ñdê$n
hÿ§, Zhr gmú` gmjr Xmo`Ÿ&& Oa gmú` åhUOo OmUbo OmUmao nXmW© `m§Zm
gË`Ëd Agob Va AmËå`mbm gmjr, Vwar` BË`m{X {deofU| bmJy§ eH$Vrb.
nwVÊ`m Agob Va H$mH$m, ^mMm Agob Va _m_m, à{Vq~~ Agob Va q~~ Ag|
åhUU| `mo½` R>aV|, nU nwVÊ`m ^mMm Zgob, nmUr qH$dm Amagm Zgob Va H$mH$m,
_m_m, q~~ BË`m{X Zm§d| H$pënV d \$mob R>ê$Z _yi nwê$f VodT>m Iam amhVmo.
Ag§oM `oW| Amho. OmJ¥Vm{X AdñWm d ñWyb nXmW© ht nma_m{W©H$Ñî`m Oa gË`
ZmhtV. Va AmËå`mbm gmjr, Vwar` Ag| H$g| åhUVm§ `oB©b ? åhUyZ
ñdê$npñWVtV gm{jËd{h CaV Zmht, AmQy>Z OmV|, Ag| åhQ>b| Amho. gd©M Zmht
Va gm{jËd H$emM| ? O§d Ia|nU _m`ogrŸ& V§d{M gmjËd ~«÷mgrŸ& _m`m
A{dÚoMo {ZamgtŸ& Û¡V H¡$M|Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-5-10)
(3) _Zm CÝ_Zr...Ÿ&- g§H$ën{dH$ënmË_H$, Û¡V g¥ï>rMm Ioi
IoiUma| _Z CÝ_Z åhUOo AmË_mH$ma Pmë`mda (ûcmo. 130 nhm) gm{jËd
H$emM| ? åhUmo{Z gd©gmjr _ZŸ& Vo§{M Om{b`m CÝ_ZŸ& _J Vy`m©ê$n kmZŸ&
V| _mdimoZ Job|Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-5-11)
(4) Vmo Jo Vmo{M...Ÿ&- gmam§e, Á`m ñdê$nt d¥{ÎmewÝ`Ëdm_wi|
gm{jËd g§nV|, _Z CÝ_Z hmoV| d eãX Hw§${R>V hmoVmo V| ewÕ, ñdg§doÚ h|M
am_ê$n hmo`. ho _Zm, h|M am_ê$n gd©Ì nhm. `m ñdê$nmMm AZw^d KoU| åhUOo
AmnUM AmnUmg « AÛ¡V ^mdZoZ| nmhU| hmo`. AmnU{M AmnU`mV| &
nm{hOo O| AÛ¡V|Ÿ& V| Eog| hmo` {Zê$V|Ÿ& ~mo{bOVw Ago && (km. 15-274)
gmYH$mÀ`m ÑîQ>rZ| hm ûcmoH$ Cng§hmamË_H$ dmQ>Vmo. 201
ûcmoH$m§Vrb ñdê$npñW{V hr {gÕ H$moQ>tVrb Amho. hr {gÕH$mo{Q> àmá
hmoÊ`mgmR>t, åhUOo Pmbobm gmjmËH$ma ÑT> hmoÊ`mgmR>t, Pmbob| AmË_kmZ
ÑT> hmoÊ`mgmR>t 202, 203 d 204 ho ûcmoH$ gmYZ gwM{dUmao AgyZ, 205
ì`m ûcmoH$m§V \$blw{V Amho.
amKd n§W åhUOo ~«÷{dÚoMm AZm{X n§W d Vmo OmUÊ`mgmR>t àW_
ûcmoH$m§V JUoeñVdZ Pmë`mZ§Va bJoM Xwgè`m ûcmoH$m§V g_WmªZt _Zm g‚mZm
^{º$n§W|{M Omd| Aer ^{º$gmYZmMr dmQ> XmI{dbr d _Zmbm, `mM dmQ>obm
bmJ, Ag| gm§JyZ am_monmgZm gm§{JVbr. hr ^{º$ CËH$Q> ìhmdr `mgmR>t {Vbm
nmofH$ Ago AZoH$ {df` Oar _Ü`§Var `oD$Z Jobo Var ^º$sMo AI§S> gwÌ _YyZ
_YyZ S>moH$mdV|M. ^º$sÀ`m dmQ>obm bmJbob| _Z dmQ>Mmb H$arV H$arV eodQ>t `m
ûcmoH$m§V ~«÷ñdê$nt, lram_ê$nm§V {dê$Z Job|, AÛ¡V ^º$s¨V gwImdb|.
H$moUr åhUob H$s§ OoW| Xod d ^º$ Ag| ìX¡VM Zmht, Aem AÛ`
pñWVtV ^{º$ H$er g§^dVo ? `mM| CÎma Ag| Amho H$s¨, AmË_ào_ h|
ñdm^m{dH$ AmhoM, na§Vw Ë`m ào_mMr OmUrd Zgë`m_wi|, Vr CËnÞ hmoÊ`mgmR>r
àW_ Û¡V ñdrH$mamd| bmJV|. dmñV{dH$ {d^º$ Zìho VmoM ^º$ hmo`. ^º$
åh{UOo {d^º$ ZìhoŸ& AmUr {d^º$ åh{UOo ^º$ ZìhoŸ& {dMma|{dU
H$m§hr§M ZìhoŸ& g_mYmZŸ&& (Xm. 4-9-6) kmZmo~m åhUVmV H$s¨ AÛ¡Vm§V
^{º$ Amho V¡gr {H«$`m H$sa Z gmhoŸ& Vèht AÛ¡Vt ^{º$ AmhoŸ& h|
AZw^dm{MOmoJ| ZìhoŸ& ~mobmEog|Ÿ&& (km. 18-1151)
Xmg~moYm§V g_WmªZt ""`oW| ~mo{bbm ^{º$_mJ©'' Am{U ""~hþYm
AÜ`mË_{Zê$nU {Zamo{nb|'' Ag| Á`mà_mU| åhQ>b| Amho Ë`mMà_mU| `m
ûcmoH$m§M|{h ñdê$n Amho. XmoZeo g_mgm§Mm Ogm Amodr~Õ Xmg~moY VgmM
XmoZe| ûcmoH$m§Mm ûcmoH$~Õ hm _Zmo~moY hmo`.
H$Xm dmoiIr_m{O XyO| {XgoZmŸ&
_Zt _mZgt Û¡V H$mht dgoZmŸ&
~hþVm§ {Xgm Amnwbr ^o{Q> OmbrŸ&
{dXohrnU| gd© H$m`m {ZdmbrŸ&&201Ÿ&&
380 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 381

gX²JwénmgyZ {_imboë`m kmZm_wi| AdñWmVrV Ag| am_ê$n
AZw^dmbm `oV|. Ë`mMm {Zü` H$ê$Z V|M gd©Ì nhm, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
_Zmbm gm§{JVbo§. AmË_gmjmËH$ma Pmbm Var Vr AdñWm AnwarM Amho. Pmbobm
gmjmËH$ma A§JdiUt nSy>Z Ë`m AmË_ñdê$nmM| AI§S>Ëd d ì`mnH$Ëd AZw^dmbm
Amb| åhUOo nyU©Ëd `oD$Z {gÕmdñWm àmá hmoVo. `m {gÕmdñWoM| dU©Z `m
ûcmoH$m§V Ho$b| AgyZ OÝ_mM| gmW©H$ Pmë`mM| g_mYmZ ì`º$ Ho$b| Amho.
(1/2) H$Xm dmoiIr...Ÿ& _Zt _mZgr...Ÿ& - am_ê$nmMm
gmjmËH$ma Pmbm AgVm§{h V|M ê$n gd©Ì nhm, Ago§ _Zmbm _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVbo§ Amho `mMm àW_ {dMma Ho$bm åhUOo `m ûcmoH$m§Vrb ^mdmW©
A{YH$ ñnï> hmoB©b.
"gË` ~«÷mMm g§H$ën' d "{_Ï`m _m`oMm {dH$ën' hm gd©
Û¡VmMm ì`mnma _ZmMm Amho. V| _Z CÝ_Z hmoD$Z gm{jËd g§nb| H$s¨
AmË_gmjmËH$a hmoVmo. åhUOo AmnU hm g§e` {\$Qy>Z, AmnU AmË_ñdê$nM
Amhm| h| àË``mg `oV|. Ë`m_wi| _m`oÀ`m XmoZ eº$sn¡H$s¨ AmdaUe{º$
(ñdê$nmM| AkmZ) hr Xya hmoVo. na§Vw CÝ_Z Pmbob| _Z nyd©pñWVrbm `oD$Z Ñí`
g¥ï>rH$S>o nmhÿ§ bmJbo H$s¨ gmjra{hV AdñWoÀ`m Aä`mgm_wi| _m`oMr
AmdaUe{º$ Oar Xya Pmbr Var Xwgar, {djon{º$ Zï> Pmbobr ZgV|. Vr Zï>
H$aÊ`mgmR>t gmjra{hV Aem EH$m§VmV AZw^dmbm Ambob| AmË_mam_ê$n
Ñí` g¥ï>tV nhmÊ`mMm Aä`mg H$amdm bmJVmo. VmËn`© "Ah§ ~«÷mpñ_' hm
AZw^d Ogm ì`{VaoH$ Aä`mgmZ| ¿`mdm bmJVmo. VgmM "gdª IpëdX§ ~«÷'
hm AZw^d AÝd` Aä`mgmZ| ¿`mdm bmJVmo. (ûcmo. 172 nhm) `m
Aä`mgmZt nyU©Ëd àmá Pmb| åhUOo AÝd` ì`{VaoH$~moY hm nyd©nj{h
_mdiVmo Am{U {gÕm§Vê$n EH$ {Z:gr_ ~«÷{ñWVrM amhVo. AÝd`o
Am{U ì`{VaoH$Ÿ& hm nyd©njmMm {ddoH$Ÿ& {gÕm§V åh{UOo ewÕ EH $Ÿ&
Xwga| ZmhtŸ&& (Xm. 20-3-21) hr {gÕpñW{V àmá hmoÊ`mgmR>t gm{jËda{hV
AdñW§oV AZw^dbob| am_ê$n gd©Ì nhm Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V gm§{JVb|
Amho. Aer {gÕpñW{V àmá Pmbr åhUOo M_©Mjy§Zm Ñí` g¥ï>tV am_ê$nmdmMyZ
AÝ` H$m§ht {XgV Zmht d ~wÕtV{h Û¡V^md ahmV Zmht. H$maU AmË_kmZmZ|
AkmZ^«m§{V Xya Pmbo_wi| A§V~m©ø Ñïr ewÕ Pmbobr AgVo. _¥JOi
S>moù`m§Zm Obê$nmZ| ^mgV Agb| Var kmZm_wi| ~w{Õ Ë`mM| gË`ËdmZ| J«hU
H$arV Zmht d S>moù`m§Mo{h bj gy`©{H$aUmH$S>oM OmV|. Vgo§M g¥{ï> Û¡Vê$nmZ| ^mgbr
Var ~w{Õ {VM| gË`ñdê$nmZ| J«hU H$arV Zmht; S>moù`m§dmQ>o {Vbm gd©Ì gd©H$mir§
EH$ _yi AmË_mam_ê$nM {XgV|.""VwH$m åhUo Ho$br dmoiIU'' `m VwH$mo~m§À`m
CŠVrà_mUo kmZÑï>rbm am_ê$nmMr AmoiI Pmbr H$s¨ gd© H$m§ht, gd©Ì, gH$i
B§{Ð`m§Zm V|M EH$ nhmd`mM| diU bmJV| d Û¡V^md g_yi Zmhtgm hmoVmo. n{S>b|
diU B§{Ð`m§ gH$im§Ÿ& ^md Vmo {Zamim Zmhr§ XyOmŸ&& nm§Sw>a§J Ü`mZt nm§Sw>a§J
_Zr... Ag| EH${dY åhUOo EH${Zð> _Z hmoVo§. `m ^mdmWm©Z| nydm©YmªV "XyO| {XgoZm'
d "Û¡V H$m§ht dgoZm' Ag| åhQ>b| Amho.
(3-4) ~hÿVm§ {Xgm§... Ÿ& {dXohrnUo ...Ÿ&& - ho à^mo, AZoH$ OÝ_m§Zr H$m§
hmoB©Zm, Amnbr ^oQ> Pmbr, Ag| dmQy>Z _Z J{hdaV|. dmñV{dH$ hm AmË_mam_
gVV, gd© OÝ_m§V Amnë`m AJXt Odi, ~amo~a AgVmo. na§Vw Agm Odi AgyZ{h
Xoh~wÕr_wi| Ë`mMr AmoiI nQ>br ZìhVr. na§Vw AmO ~hwV {Xdgm§Zr åhUOo
AZoH$ OÝ_mZ§Va g_W© gX²JwéH¥$noZ| `m _w»` XodmMr ^oQ> Pmbr d Ë`m_wi| Amnb|
XohmdoJi| Vo§M emœV ñdê$n Amho, h| H$ib|. Ë`m_wi| _Zmbm g_mYmZ dmQy>Z V|
àgÞ Pmb| d OÝ_mM| gmW©H$ Pmë`m~Ôb Ë`mbm YÝ`Vm dmQ>br.
dmoiIVm§ kmZ dmoiIr _moS>brŸ& ^oQ>r ho OmoS>br AmnUmgrŸ&&
AmnUmgr ^oQ>r Ombr ~hw {Xgm§Ÿ& VwQ>bm digm _rnUmMmŸ&& _rnUmMm
^md ^mdo§ Ho$bm dmdŸ& Xmg åhUo Xod àJQ>bmŸ&& (ñ\w$. ûcmo.)
_Zm JyO ao VwO h| àmá Omb|Ÿ&
nar A§Var nm{hOo `oËZ Ho$boŸ&
gXm ldUo§ nm{dOo {ZíM`mgrŸ&
Yar g‚mZg§JVr YÝ` hmogrŸ&&202Ÿ&&
lram_ê$nmdmMyZ H$moR>|{h AÝ` Ag| H$m§qhM {XgoZm. Ë`m_wi|
_Zm§Vrb Û¡V^md Zmhtgm hmoD$Z Amnb|{h XohmdoJi| V|M EH$ emœV ê$n
Amho. Ag| H$iyZ OÝ_mM| gmW©H$ Pmë`mM| g_mYmZ àmá Pmb|. hr _ZmMr
àgÞVm n«^wMaUt _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V {d{XV Ho$br. AmË_kmZ Pmë`m_wi| Aer
382 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 383

{gÕmdñWm àmá hmoD$Z YÝ`Vm dmQ>br Var{h Vr ghOpñW{V hmoB©n`ªV
gmYZm§V Agmd|, gmYZ gmoSy>§ Z`o, Ag| `m d nwT>rb XmoZ ûcmoH$m§V _Zmbm
~OmdVmV.
(1-2) _Zm JyO...Ÿ& nar A§Vat...Ÿ&& - ho _Zm, ho A{V JwßV
Ag| AmË_kmZ d Ë`m kmZmMm AZw^d åhUOo {dkmZ ht XmoÝhr{h Oar Vwbm àmßV
Pmbt Var Vwbm ghO{gÕpñW{V àmßV hmoÊ`mgmR>t AOyZ {Zð>oZ| à`ËZ Ho$boM
nm{hOoV. kmZ Pmb| d AZw^d{h Ambm, AmVm§ H$embm XJXJ H$am, Ag| åhUyZ
MmbUma Zmht. _w_wjmdñW|VyZ gmYH$mdñWm d gmYH$mdñW|VyZ {gÕmdñWm ht
àmßV hmoÊ`mgmR>r Ogo gmYZmMo l_ ¿`mdo bmJVmV Vg| {gÕmdñWoMr
ghO{gÕmdñWm hmoÊ`mgmR>r gmYZ gmoS>Vm§ H$m_m Z`o. go{db|M godmd| AÞŸ&
KoVb|{M ¿`md| OrdZŸ& V¡g| ldU _ZZŸ& Ho$b|{M H$amd|Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-8-47)
AmË_mZw^d Ambm Var Vmo A§JdiUr nSy>Z _wamdm bmJVmo. amOonU àmßV Pmb| Var
AmnU amOm Amhmo§ ho {dgab| OmD$Z amO^moJ ^moJÊ`mV ghOmdñWm Amho.
Ambobm AmË_mZw^d{h ~«÷ñdê$nmV {dê$Z Omdm bmJVmo. OoW| AkmZ gaoŸ&
kmZ V|hr ZwaoŸ& {dkmZd¥{Îm _waoŸ& na~«÷tŸ&& Eog| ~«÷ emœVŸ&& (Xm. 7-4-
51, 52) Aer emœV ñdê$npñW{V ~mUbr nm{hOo. åhUyZ ho _Zm, Vwbm AOyZ{h
`ËZ Ho$bm nm{hOo. {gÕXem àmßV hmoÊ`mgmR>t Á`m XmoZ _hÎdmÀ`m gmYZm§Mm Vy§
Aml` Ho$bm hmoVmg Vt VetM Oa Vy§ Mmby§ R>oderb Va Vwbm YÝ`Ëd àmßV hmoB©b.
Vr XmoZ gmYZ| åhUOo ldU d gËg§J ht hmoV.
(3-4) gXm ldU|...Ÿ& Yar g‚mZ...Ÿ&& - ldUmZ| ñdê$n{Zü` ÑT>
hmoVmo d g‚mZg§JVtV ldU KS>V|. g_W© åhUVmV H$s¨ H$ënZmVtV Aem
AmË_ñdê$nmMm {Zü` Oa T>iy§ Úmd`mMm Zgob Va Û¡VH$ënZm CR>Vm§M Cn`moJ
Zmhr. gy`© AñV_mZ Pmbm H$s¨ _mJmo_mJ Ogm A§Yma `oVmoM Vg|M ñdê$n{Zü`
{T>bm nS>bm H$s¨ AkmZ Cgir _maV|M h| Z hmoÊ`mgmR>t ldU hmM EH$ Cnm`
Amho. V¡g| kmZ hmoVm§ _{iUŸ& AkmZ n«~io OmUŸ& `mH$maUo ldUŸ&
AI§S> Agmd|Ÿ&& (Xm. 7-5-42) ldU_ZZm{X gmYZm~Ôb ûcmoH$ 43
_Ü`| {ddoMZ Pmb| Amho. `oW| BVH|$M gm§{JVb| åhUOo nwao H$s¨ {gÕXem
Oar àmßV Pmbr Var ldU_ZZm{X gmYZm§Mr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. _w_wjw
gmYH$ AWdm {gÕŸ& ldU|{dU Vmo A~ÕŸ& ldU_ZZ| ewÕ {MÎmd¥{Îm
hmo`oŸ&& (Xm. 7-8-43)
doXm§V{df`mM| ldU gËg§JmdmMyZ KS>V Zmht åhUyZ gVV
ldUmW© gVV gËg§J nm{hOo. gËg§J Agob Va ldU KS>Uma| Agë`m_wi|
gËg§J nm{hOo. gËg§J Agob Va ldU KS>Uma| Agë`m_wi| gËg§J hm na_mWm©Mm
nm`m Amho. AmË_mZw^d Oar Ambm Var Omon`ªV Xoh àn§Mm§V dmdaV AgVmo
Vmon`ªV "Ah§' IdiyZ {dnarV ~w{Õ Ho$ìhm§ hmoB©b h| gm§JVm§ `oV Zmhr. åhUyZ gVV
gËg§J Agmdm. {edm` AmË_pñW{V àmá hmoÊ`mgmR>r Á`m§M| gmø Pmb| Aem
doXm§VemñÌ, Jwé d B©œa `m {VKm§~Ôb Ho$ìhm§M AZmXa hmoVm Cn`moJt Zmht. Ë`mMr
Cnojm Pmë`mg Vmo H¥$V¿ZnUm R>aVmo. `mdXm`wñÌ`mo d§Úm doXmÝVmo Jwéarœa:Ÿ&
AmXm¡ kmZà{gì`Wª H¥$V¿ZËdmnZwÎm`oŸ&& _aon`ªV ImU|, {nU|, dmdaU| BË`m{X
XohmÀ`m {H«$`m Oa MmbyM amhVmV Va Ë`m XohmÀ`m _mJ| gmYZ bmJb| åhUyZ
{~KS>b| H$moR>o ? gmam§e, ldU, _ZZ {Z{XÜ`mgm{X Aä`mg d gËg§J `m XmoZ
gmYZm§V Xoh nS>onn`ªV _Zwî`mZ| H$mb H§$R>mdm.
nS>on`ªV _Zwî`mZ| H$mb H§$R>mdm.
_Zm gd©hr g§J gmoSy>{Z ÚmdmŸ&
AVr AmXa| g‚mZmMm YamdmŸ&
O`mMo{Z g§J| _hmXw:I ^§JoŸ&
OZt gmYZodrU gÝ_mJ© bmJoŸ&&203Ÿ&&
AmË_kmZ àmá hmoD$Z Ë`mMm AZw^d Oar Ambm Var V| kmZ ÑT>
hmoÊ`mgmR>t d AZw^d _waÊ`mgmR>t ldU d gËg§J H$arV ahm, ñdñW amhÿ§
ZH$mog, Ag| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V _Zmbm gm§{JVb|. gd© g§JmMm Ë`mJ H$a na§Vw
gËg§Jm_wi| gmYZm{edm`{h g§gmaXw:I Zmhtg | hmoD$Z gÝ_mJ© bmJV Agë`m_wi|
Ë`m~Ôb H$YtM AZmXa H$ê$ ZH$mog, Ago `m ûbmoH$m§V _Zmbm gm§JVmV.
(1/2) _Zm gd©hr... Ÿ& AVr AmXa|..Ÿ&& - ho _Zm, gd©g§Jn[aË`mJ
H$a. na§Vw g‚mZg§JVr~Ôb H$YtM AZmXa CËnÞ hmoD§$ XoD$ ZH$mog. gd©
g§J åhUOo àn§M d Xoh `m§Mm g§J gmoS>, Ag| _Zmbm gm§{JVb| Amho.
(165 ûcmoH$m§V àn§M `m eãXmMr ì`m»`m nhm.) Ü`mZ qH$dm
g_m{YH$mbt Xoh d {df` `m§Mm {dga nS>ë`m_wi| Ë`m Xmohm|Mm g§J gwQ>ob
na§Vw BVa doit `m Xmohm|Mm{h g§J _aon`ªV amhUmaM. åhUyZ Ë`m§Mm g§J
gmoSy>Z Úmdm, åhUOo àn§M d Xoh `m§À`m g§~§Yr Amg{º$ gmoSy>Z CXmgrZ
384 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 385

d¥Îmr R>odmdr. na§Vw g‚mZg§JVrMr _mÌ Cnojm H$ê§$ Z`o; {VMr Amg{º$ Agmdr.
3) O`mMo{Z g§J| .. Ÿ& - `mM| H$maU Ago H$s¨ `m g‚mZm§Mm _{h_m
\$maM _moR>m Amho. Ë`mM| dU©Z{h H$aVm `oUma Zmht. Ë`m§À`m g§JVr_wi|
OÝ__aUê$n g§gmamgmaI| _hmXw:I Zmhrg| hmoV|. Ì¡bmoŠ`m§V Z hmoUma|
_w{º$XmZ h| Ho$di Ë`m§À`H$Sy>Z hmoVo. O| Ì¡bmoH$s¨ Zmht XmZŸ& V|{M H$[aVr
g§Vg‚mZŸ& V`m§ g§Vm§Mo _{h_mZŸ& H$m` åhUm¡{Z dUm©d|Ÿ&& (Xm. 1-5-
24) Ho$di _Zwî`M Zìho Va H$moUVm{h Ord Ë`m§À`m ghdmgm§V Amë`m§g
Ë`mMm CÕma hmoVmo; njr, hÎmr, XmZd, pñÌ`m, nmnr, Y_©ì`mY BË`m{X
gËg§Jm_wi|M CÕê$Z Jobo. à{VHy$b H$moUm Z hmoVrŸ& åhUmo{Z gdmªMo
g¥öX`ñW hmoVrŸ&& CnH$ma Zmnojy{Z CnH$ma H$[aVrŸ& gmoS>{dVr ^d~§YŸ&&
(a§. `mo. nm. 1-522)
(4) OZt gmYZo ...Ÿ& - Á`mà_mU| H$moUË`m{h OrdmMm gËg§JVrZ|
CÕma hmoVmo Ë`mà_mUo H$moUV|{h gmYZ Z H$aVm§ gËg§JmZ| _wº$mdñWm àmßV hmoVo.
`moJ, `mJ d«V, XmZ, doXmÜ``Z, Vn, VrW©, kmZ, Ü`mZ, AmXanyd©H$
g§Ý`mgJ«hU BË`m{X ZmZm gmYZ| {Z~ªY nmiyZ {Zð>oZ| Ord^mdmZ| Oar Ho$bt
Var Or ^JdËàm{ßV hmoV Zmhr, Vr _mPr àmßVr Ho$di gËg§JmZ| hmoVo, Ag| ñdV:
^Jd§VM CÕdmbm gm§JVmV. `mnar {eUVm§ gmYZ|gtŸ& _mPr àmßVr Zìho
A{Và`mgrŸ& Vo Jmonr nmdë`m Aà`mgtŸ& gËg§Jmgr bmhmoZrŸ&& (Zm. ^m.
12-121) H$moUË`m{h gmYZmMo H$ï> Z KoVm§ Ho$di gËg§JmZ| OrdmMm CÕma
H$em_wi| hmoVmo ? `mM| H$maU g‚mZm§À`m dmUrV Agbob| gm_Ï`© hmo`.
A{YH$mamZwgma _w_wjyÀ`m _Zm§V R>gmdoV AgoM Ë`m§Mo ghO ~mob AgVmV.
Ë`m§À`m ldUmZ| gÝ_mJ© bmJyZ AmË_{hV gmYV|. g§Vm§Mo O| ghO ~mobU|Ÿ&
V| _hmdmŠ`mgr H$ar R>|JUoŸ&& (`mo. dm. 1-576) H$moUË`m{h gmYZmZ| Xya Z
hmoUma| Ag| O| AkmZ V| g‚mZeãXldUmZ| Xya hmoV|. åhUyZ ho _Zm,
Amb`m ao g§J gmYyMm H$amdmŸ& g§gma Vamdm gmYwg§J|Ÿ&& gËg§J Ya, VaM
Vy§ YÝ` hmoerb.
_Zm g§J hm gd© g§Jmg VmoS>rŸŸ&
_Zm g§J hm _moj VmËH$mi OmoS>rŸ&
_Zm g§J hm gmYH$m§ grK« gmoS>rŸ&
_Zm§ g§J hm Û¡V {Z:eof _moS>rŸ&&204Ÿ&&
àn§M d Xoh `m§Mr{h Cnojm H$ê$Z AVr AmXamZ| g‚mZg§J{V H$amdr;
Ë`m_wi| g§gmamgmaI| _hmXw:I Zï> hmoV| d gmYZm{edm` gÝ_mJ© bmJVmo, Ago
_mJrb ûcmoH$m§V _Zmbm gm§{JVb|. gËg§Jm_wio gmYH$mM gd©g§Jn[aË`mJ hmoD$Z
Ë`mM| H$moUV| {hV gmYV|, Vmo `m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV.
(1) _Zm g§J hm gd©...Ÿ& - Xohàn§MmH$S>o ~imZ| Xwb©j H$ê$Z
g‚mZg§J{V H$a Ag| O| _mJrb ûcmoH$m§V _Zmbm gm§{JVb| Vmo ~moY _w_wjw AdñW|V
Agboë`m _Zmbm Amho. g‚mZg§JV bm^yZ _w_wjybm gmYH$mdñWm àmá Pmbr
åhUOo H$emMm{h g§J ~imZ| åhUOo ñdà`ËZmZ| gmoS>mdm bmJV Zmht. ghOmghOt
gd©g§Jn[aË`mJ hmoVmo. åhUyZ "_Zm g§J hm gd© g§Jmg VmoS>r' Ag| àW_ MaUm§V
åhQ>b| AgyZ {Vgè`m MaUmV "gmYH$' hm eãX dmnabm Amho. Omo g§Vm§gr
eaU JobmŸ& g§VOZt Amœm{gbmŸ& _J Vmo gmYH$ ~mo{bbmŸ& J«§Wm§VatŸ&& (Xm.
5-9-3) åhUyZ gËg§JmZo gmYH$mbm àmá hmoUmao bm^ `m ûcmoH$m§V _Zmbm
gm§{JVbo AmhoV. g‚mZm§À`m {R>H$mUr MmVw`© AgV|, Ord `oH$Xogr ~mnwS>|Ÿ&
V`m§g ~«÷ {M H$ar amoH$S>|Ÿ& \o$S>r g§gmagm§H$S>|Ÿ& dMZ_mÌ|Ÿ&& (Xm. 5-2-
16)
(2) ... _moj VËH$mi OmoS>rŸ&& - Omo Y{ZH$ d XmVm AgVmo VmoM
Xwgè`mM| Xm[aÐç Xya H$ê§$ eH$Vmo. g‚mZ ho _mojê$nr g§nÎmrZ| ñdV… lr_§V d
CXma AgVmV. Ë`m_wi| X[aÐr Ordmbm ~«÷kmZÛmam _mojXmZ XoD$Z
ñdmZ§Xgm_«mÁ`mda ~g{dVmV. _moj{l`m Ami§H¥$VŸ& Eogo g§V lr_§VŸ& Ord
Xm[aÐr Ag§»`mVŸ& Z¥nVr Ho$boŸ&& (Xm. 1-6-21) åhUyZ Ë`m§À`m g§JVrZ|
gmYH$mbm _wŠVmdñWm ghO àmá hmoVo.
(3/4) ... grK« gmoS>rŸ& Û¡V _moS>rŸ& - g‚mZg§JVtV hmoUmè`m
ldUm_wi| gmYH$ g§gma~§YmnmgyZ gwQy>Z H$em nÕVrZ| _wŠV hmoVmo h| EH$m N>moQ>çmem
g§ñH¥$V gyÌm§V gm§{JVb| Amho; V| Ag|, gËg§JËdmV² {Z_mo©hËd§ {Z_m}hËdmV²
{Züb{MÎm§, {Züb{MÎmo OrdZ_w{ŠV… g‚mZg§JVtV ldUm_wi|
Xohàn§Mm{XH$m{df`t A§V…H$aUm§V ñdm^m{dH$ Agbobm _moh àW_ Zï> hmoVmo.
OgOgm _moh Zï> hmoV OmB©b VgVg| {MÎm d¡am½`g§nÞ hmoD§$ bmJV|. nyU© {daŠV
Pmbob| {MÎm eodQ>t amKdê$nm§V åhUOo ewÕ AmË_ñdê$nm§V pñWa hmoV|. g§Vg§J|
OÝ_ MwH$Vr `mVZmŸ& Am{U OZmX©Zm ^oQ>r hmo`Ÿ&& amKdmMr ^oQ > Pmbr
386 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 387

H$s¨ Amnb| d amKdê$n EH$M hmo`, Agm gmYH$mbm àË`` `oD$Z Ë`mMm Û¡V^md
Zmhtgm hmoVmo d gd©Ì EH$ amKdê$nM g§Mb| Amho, `m AÛ`~moYm§V Vmo amhVmo.
^oQ>r hmo` g§Vg§J| amKdmMrŸ& Am{UH$ ^mdmMr em§{V hmo`Ÿ&& AmË_ñdê$nt
pñWa Pmboë`m {MÎmmZ| OJm§V dmdab| Var gd© dmgZm§Mm j` Pmbm Agë`m_wi|
OJm§V AgyZ OJmnmgyZ A{bá Aem OrdÝ_wŠV pñWVtV Vmo amhVmo. `m íbmoH$mZ|
_Zmo~moY g§nbm, n{hë`m íbmoH$m§V gm§{JVë`mà_mU| `m AZ§V amKdn§Wmbm
bmJbobm, ñdñdê$nmnmgyZ ^«ï> Pmbobm Ord g‚mZm§À`m gmo~VrZ| eodQ>t
amKdê$nm§V åhUOo ñdñdê$nm§V {dgê$Z OmVmo d Xw…ImMr AmË`§{VH$ {Zd¥{Îm
hmoD$Z Ë`mbm {Ma§VZ gwI àmá hmoV|. H$V©ì` d àmáì` nyU© Pmë`mZ§Va
gm§JÊ`mgmaI| H$m§ht CaVM Zmht.
_ZmMt eV| EoH$Vm§ Xmof OmVrŸ &
_Vr_§X Vo gmYZm `mo½` hmVr Ÿ&
MT>o kmZd¡am½`gm_Ï`© A§JtŸ &
åhUo Xmg {dídmgVm§ _w{ŠV ^moJr Ÿ&&205Ÿ&&
_mJrb ûcmoH$mZ| _Zmo~moY g§nbm. `m ûcmoH$m§M| ldU Pmë`mg
H$moUV| \$b àmá hmoV|, h| `m eodQ>À`m ûcmoH$m§V gm§JVmV. n{hë`m
d eodQ>À`m MaUm§V gm§{JVbob| JwU Oa lmoË`m§À`m {R>H$mUt AgVrb
VaM _Yë`m XmoZ MaUm§V gm§{JVbob| \$b nXat nS>ob. Vo XmoZ JwU
åhUOo ldU d lÕm ho hmoV.
g_W© Á`mbm EoH$U| åhUVmV V| Ho$di H$mZm§Zt EoH$U| Zìho. _Zmbm
Ho$bobm CnXoe H$mZmÀ`m Ûma| _Zmn`ªV nmohm|Mbm nm{hOo, åhUOo Ia| ldU
hmo`. ldUmMm {dMma H$ioŸ& VarM ^m½`lr àJQ>o ~i|Ÿ& _w»` na_mË_m
AmH$ioŸ& ñdmZw^dmgrŸ&. (Xm. 7-8-38) Ag| ldU hmoÊ`mgmR>t em§V doir
EH$ XmoZ íbmoH$ dmMyZ Ë`mM| {ZË` Zo_mZo ñdVF$ _ZZ H$aU| Amdí`H$ Amho.
Aem ldUmà_mU|M Á`m§Zr ho íbmoH$ {b{hbo Ë`m gX²Jwé
g_W© am_Xmgm§da {ZVm§V lÕm nm{hOo. lÕm h| na_mWm©M| _yi
Amho. Z {XgUmè`m, H$ënZVrV, A{Zd©MZr` Aem ewÕ AmË_ñdê$nmM|
kmZ loð>m§À`m eãXmda {dœmg R>o{dbm Va hmoUma| Amho. åhUyZ lÕm Agob
VaM Vmo kmZmMm A{YH$mar hmoVmo. ~wÕrg AmpñVH$VmŸ& Vo lÕm åhUmdr
VÎd§Vm§Ÿ& AmpñVŠ` åhUOo gË`VmŸ& ^ë`mÀ`m dmŠ`mMr _mZU|Ÿ&& Vmo{M
A{YH$mar kmZmgr ...Ÿ& (`. Xr. 4-1286)
g_WmªZr _ZmMo ûcmoH$ {b{hbo Vo H$m§ht bmoHo$fUogmR>r qH$dm H$m§ht
àmáì`mgmR>t ZgyZ "AdKo{M gwIr Agmdo' `m H$idù`mZ| {b{hbo AmhoV.
bmoH$moÕmamMr Vi_i Ë`m§À`mM Imbrb CX²Jmamdê$Z {XgyZ `oB©b. amKdmMm
Xmg _r Pmbmo nmdZŸ& n{VV H$moU Camo eHo$Ÿ&& Camo eHo$ Eog| H$ënm§Vr
KS>oZmŸ& O| H$moÊhr nwgoZm Ë`mMr CU|Ÿ& `oU| H$mi| _moj Oar _r XoB©ZmŸ&
Xmg åhUdrZm amKdmMmŸ&& (ñ\w$. ûcmo.) hr à{Vkm n{hbr åhUOo Mm¡Ï`m
MaUmM| _hÎd bjm§V `oB©b.
(1-2) _ZmMr eV|.... _Vr_§X.... Ÿ&& Omo H$moUr lÕoZ| `m ûcmoH$m§M|
da gm§{JVë`mà_mU| ldU H$arb Ë`mMo XwJw©U Zmhtg| hmoVrb d H$moUr _§X
~wÕrM| AgVrb Var Vo na_mW©gmYZmbm nmÌ hmoVrb. hm Xwgam MaU{h
Ë`m§Mm loð> A{YH$ma d lÕoMr Amdí`H$Vm Xe©{dVmo. VrúU ~wÕrMm _Zwî`
na_mW© {dMma ghO J«hU H$ê§$ eHo$b. na§Vw {eî` _§X ~wÕrMm qH$dm
H$gm{h Agmo, gX²JwédMZmda Ë`mMm {dœmg Agob Va Ë`m§À`mV nmbQ>
KS>dyZ Ë`mbm na_mWm©Mm A{YH$mar ~Z{dU| h| gm_Ï`© gX²Jwê$M| Amho, Ag|
g_WmªM| åhUU| Amho. `oW| (na_mWm©V) eãX Zmht {eî`mgrŸ& h| AdK|
gX²Jwê$nmgtŸ& gX²Jwé nmbQ>r AdJwUmgrŸ& ZmZm `oËZ|H$ê${ZŸ&& (Xm. 4-
3-15) åhUyZ _yT>mZ|{h `m ûcmoH$m§M| {dœmg`wŠV A§V…H$aUmZ| ldU Ho$ë`mg
Ë`mbm H$m§ht na_mW©- gmYZ H$amd| Ag| dmQ>bo d Ë`mMr àJ{V hmoB©b.
na_mWmªV H«$_mZo àJ{V H$er hmoV OmVo h| {Vgè`m MaUm§V gm§JVmV.
(3) MT>o kmZ ......! - `m ûcmoH$m§À`m ldUm_wi| H$m§ht na_mW©
gmYmdm Ag| dmQy>§ bmJV|, Ag| dmQy> bmJb| H$s¨ _Zwî` àW_ ^{ŠV_mJm©H$S>o
diVmo d gmoß`m Aem Zm_gmYZmH$S>o Ë`mM| bj OmV|. Zm_gmYZ {Zð>oZ|
Mmby§ Pmb| H$s¨ ^JdËào_ dmTy>§ bmJV|. ^JdËào_ dmTy> bmJb| H$s¨
hiy§hiy§ {df`d¡am½` CËnÞ hmoVo. dmT>Ë`m d¡am½`m~amo~a ^{ŠVào_ dmTy>§ bmJV|
d g§Vm§À`m J«§Wm_wi| ^ŠVrbm nmÝhm \w$Qy>Z Vr CËH$Q> hmoD$ bmJVo. Ë`m_wi|
B©eH¥$noZ| g‚mZg§J bm^yZ {ZamH$ma {ZJw©U AmË_ñdê$nmM| åhUOo gË` XodmM|
kmZ hmoV|. g‚mZmH$Sy>Z {_imboë`m kmZm_wi| Xohàn§Mm{XH$m§M| ZœaËd,
{_Ï`Ëd _Zmbm nQ>V|. Ë`m_wi| Vrd« d¡am½` `oD$Z dmgZmj` hmoVmo d
388 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 389

dmgZmj`m_wi| OÝ__aU Q>iV| åhUOo _moj-bm^ hmoVmo. Aer H«$_mZo {MÎmmMr
CÝZ{Îm hmoVo. åhUyZ CÎmamYm©V MT>o kmZ-_w{ŠV ^moJr Ag| åhQ>b| Amho.
{ddoH$`wŠV d¡am½` h|M _moR>| gm_Ï`© Amho. OJVm§V YZ, ~b, amoJ, eÌw
BË`m{X gd© dñVw ^`mdh AmhoV. \$ŠV EH$ d¡am½` {Z^©` Amho. nyU© {daŠVmbm
H$emM|{h ^` ZgV|. ~è`m dmB©Q> H$moUË`m{h _m{`H$ dñVy§Mo {_Ï`Ëd ~mUë`mZ§Va
H$emMr BÀN>m hmoB©b d H$moUm{M ^r{V dmQ>ob ? åhUyZ kmZ`wŠV d¡am½` h|M _moR>|
gm_Ï`© hmo`. åhUm¡Z {ddoH$ Am{U d¡am½`Ÿ& V|{M Om{UOo _hX²^m½`Ÿ& am_Xmg
åhUo `mo½`Ÿ& gmYy OmUVrŸ&& (Xm. 12-4-20) Aem {daŠV nwê$fmÀ`m _Zm§V
`oB©b V| KSy> eH$V| - _Z_r Yamd| V| hmoVo.
Cng§hma
_Zmo~moY åhUOo _wIm§V amhrb Agm Xmg~moYM hmo`. Ogo
Xmg~moYmMo 200 g_mg Vgo _ZmM| h| 204 ûcmoH$ AmhoV. XmoÝhtVrb
{Zê$nUmM| ñdê$n EH$M Amho. `oW| ~mo{bbm {deXŸ& ^{ŠV_mJ©Ÿ& ~hþYm
AÜ`mË_ {ZamonUŸ& {Zamo{nb|Ÿ&&h| Og| Xmg~moYm§V g_WmªZr åhQ>b| Amho Vg|M
`m _Zmo~moYm§Vrb {Zê$nU Amho.
amKdn§W åhUOo ~«÷{dÚoMm AZm{Xn§W. Ë`m _mJm©bm àd¥Îm Pmboë`m
_Zmbm Xwgè`mM ûcmoH$m§V "^{ŠVn§Wo{M Omdo' Agm ^{ŠVgmYZmMm amO_mJ©
g_WmªZr XmI{dbm. "gJwUmMo{Z AmYma|Ÿ& {ZJw©U nm{dOo {ZYm©a|Ÿ&&' hm Ë`m§Mm
àË`` Agë`m_wi| Ë`m§Zr gJwU am_monmgZoM| _hËd _Zmbm nQ>dyZ {Xb|. Am{U
gmon| d à^mdr Ago Zm_g§H$sV©Z h| gmYZ _Zmbm gm§{JVbo§, ^ŠVmbm ~mig|
`oD$Z Vr CËH$Q> d ì`mnH$ ñdê$nmMr ìhmdr `m hoVyZ| gXmMma, JmoS> ^mfU,
dmX{ddmX Z H$aU|, ~mo{bë`mgmaI| dmJU|, naÐì`, nañÌrMm A{^bmf Z YaU|,
Ah§H$ma gmoS>U| BË`m{X AZoH$ {df` _YyZ _YyZ gm§{JVbo AmhoV nU `m gd©
{df`m§V ^ŠVrM| gyÌ eodQ>n`©V AI§S> H$m`_ R>o{db| AgyZ "Xoh~w{Õ V| AmË_~w{Õ
H$amdr'hr _hËdmMr OmUrd _Zmbm daModa {Xbr Amho. Xwgè`m ûcmoH$m§V
^ŠVrÀ`m dmQ>obm bmJbob| _Z am_H¥$nm d g‚mZg§J{V `m_wi| kmZ`wŠV hmoD$Z
200 ì`m ûcmoH$mV AmË_ñdê$nt {dê$Z OmV|. hm AmË_mZw^d ñdV: ì`ŠVrnwaVmM
_`m©{XV Z amIVm Ë`mMm gd©Ì AZw^d ¿`mdm Agm `mM ûcmoH$m§V _Zmbm {Xbobm
Bemam 201 ûcmoH$m§V nyU© hmoD$Z, "gdª IpëdX§ ~«÷' hm AZw^d _Zmbm `oD$Z
AmË_Vwï>r_wi| àmßV Pmbobr YÝ`Vm d àgÝZVm ì`ŠV Ho$br Amho. `mà_mU|
^ŠVrÀ`m dmQ>obm bmJbob| _Z eodQ>n`ªV ^ŠVr§VM amhÿZ eodQ>t ~«m÷ñdê$n
lram_ê$nmer EoŠ` nmdb| Amho.
AÛ` pñWVtV OoW| ^Á`^OH$ hm ^mdM ahmV Zmhr VoW|
eodQ>n`ªV ^{ŠV H$er g§^dVo ? Agm H$moUr EImXm àíZ H$arb. `mM|
CÎma Ag| Amho H$s¨ Û¡VAÛ¡V hm _ZmMm Ioi AgyZ, AmË_ào_ åhUOo
^{ŠV hr ñdm^m{dH$M Amho. na§Vw `m ào_mMr OmUrd Zgë`m_wi| Vr
CËnÝZ hmoÊ`mgmR>r àW_ am_ê$nmgma»`m àVrH$monmgZoMm AmYma KoD$Z Xod d
^ŠV Ag| Û¡V ñdrH$mamd| bmJV|. Ë`m CnmgZo_wi| gX²Jwê$ ^ooQy>Z kmZ Pmb| åhUOo
390 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 391

Amnb| d am_ê$n ht XmoÝhthr EH$ {dœmË_H$$ M¡VÝ`M hmo`, Agm {Zü` hmoVmo.
AmË_kmZ Pmb| Var XohÑîQ>çm "AmnU {_Ï`mŸ& gmMXod' `m ñdê$nm§V
Ah§H$ma{dd{O©V hmoCZ Û¡Vm§V gwê§$ Pmbobr ^{ŠV AÛ¡V ñdê$nm§V Mmby§ amhVo.
^ŠV Xodm§V Zmhrgm hmoD$Z Ho$di XodM CaVmo. `m Ñï>rZ| ^ŠVmMr ì`m»`m H$aVm§§Zm
g_W© åhUVmV. ^ŠV åh{UOo {d^ŠV ZìhoŸ& Am{U {d^ŠV åhUOo ^ŠV
ZìhoŸ& {dMmao{dU H$m§htM ZìhoŸ& g_mYmZŸ&& (Xm. 4-9-6) ^ŠVm~Ôb ho Og|
g_W© åhUVmV Vg|M ^ŠVr~Ôb kmZmo~m åhUVmV - V¡gr {H«$`m H$sa Z gmhoŸ&
nar AÛ¡Vt ^{ŠV AmhoŸ& h| AZw^dm{MOmoJ| ZìhoŸ& ~mobm Eog|Ÿ&& (km. 18-
1151)
gËg§J hm kmZmgmR>r àma§^r d kmZ Pmë`mZ§Va Ë`mÀ`m ÑT>VogmR>r
Agm gVV Amdí`H$ Agë`m_wi| Ë`mM| _hËd 202 Vo 204 ûcmoH$m§V
gm§{JVb| AgyZ, 205 ûcmoH$m§V J«§WmMr \$blw{V gm§{JVbr Amho.
Q>mH$sÀ`m Kmdm§Zr XJS>mbm{h Á`mà_mU| XodH$im `oVo Ë`mà_mU|
_yT>mbm{h _mojmMm A{YH$mar ~Z{dÊ`mM| gm_Ï`© `m ûcmoH$m§_Ü`| Amho. åhUyZ
OmUË`m§Zr§ Var `m ûcmoH$m§Mr Cnojm H$ê§$ Z`o, Aer eodQ>Mr {dZdUr Amho.
"Xoh V§d nm§Mm ^yVm§MmŸ& H$Vm© AmË_m VoWtMmŸ& Am{U
H${dËdàH$ma _ZwemMmŸ& H$memdê$ZrŸ&&'' (Xm. 20-10-34)
boIZH$mb …-
XmgZd_r, eHo$ 1886 Vo A{œZ ew. EH$mXer, eHo$ 1889
lr Xmg~moYm§VJ©V
Xe~moY
(g§{jßV Xmg~moY - àË`oH$ g_mgmVrb EH$M Amodr)
g§H$bZ
H¡$. S>m°. am. X. àmUr
(1) Jwê$~moY
VoW| (Jwê$JrVm) {Zamo{nb| ~ad|Ÿ& nmd©VràVr gXm{ed|Ÿ&
`m H$maU| gX²^md|Ÿ& gX²Jwê$MaU godmd|Ÿ&& 7-10-44 Ÿ&&
Agmo O`m{g _moj ìhmdmŸ& VoU| gX²Jwê$ H$amdmŸ&
gX²Jwê${dU _moj nmdmdmŸ& h| H$ënm§Vt Z KS>oŸ&& 5-1-44Ÿ &&
åhUmo{Z kmZ d¡am½` Am{U ^OZŸ& ñdY_©H$_© Am{U gmYZŸ&
H$Wm {Zê$nU ldU _ZZŸ& Zr{V Ý`m`o _`m©XmŸ&& 5-2-52Ÿ &&
V`m Xohm_Ü`| ZaXohmoŸ& Ë`m ZaXohm§V ~«m÷U XohmoŸ&
V`m ~«m÷UXohmg nmhmoŸ& A{YH$ma doXtŸ&&10-2-17Ÿ &&
öXB© doXJ^© {dbgoŸ& _wIt gañdVr {dimgoŸ&
gm{hË` ~mobVm§ O¡goŸ& ^mgVr XodJwê$Ÿ&& 1-6-6 Ÿ&&
`w{º$d§V JwUd§V d[að>Ÿ& ~w{Õd§V ~hþYm[aï>Ÿ&
Xrjmd§V gXm g§Vwï>Ÿ& {Zñn¥h drVamJrŸ&& 2-8-29Ÿ &&
~mobÊ`mgm[aI| MmbU|Ÿ& ñd`| H$ê$Z ~mobUo &
V`mMr dMZ| à_mUo|Ÿ& _m{ZVr OZtŸ&& 12-10-39 Ÿ&&
OmUmoZ nm{hOoV gd© Ÿ& h|{M V`mM| Anyd©Ÿ&
Á`mM| Ë`mnar Jm¡adŸ& amIm| OmUoŸ&& 12-1-20 Ÿ&&
Eogm JUoe _§Ji_yVuŸ&Vmo å`m ñV{dbm `Wm_VrŸ&
dm§N`m Yê$Z pMÎmtŸ& na_mWm©MrŸ&& 1-2-30 Ÿ&&
392 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 393

Amao `m AmË_`mMr Midi nmhoŸ& Eogm ^y_§S>it H$moU AmhoŸ&
AJmY nwÊ`| AZwg§YmZ amhoŸ& H$m§ht`oH$Ÿ&& 18-1-22Ÿ &&
H$s¨ hm nabmoH$s¨Mm {ZOñdmWw©Ÿ& H$s¨ hm `mo{J`m§Mm JwßV n§WwŸ&
ZmZm km{Z`m§Mm na_mWw©Ÿ& ê$nm{g AmbmŸ&& 1-7-7Ÿ &&
åhUmoZr ~mobVm§ MmbVm§Ÿ& {ZMo{ï>V n{S>b| ZñVm§Ÿ&
_w{º$ bm^ gm`moÁ`VmŸ& gX²Jwê$~moY|Ÿ&& 7-6-44 &&
bmohmo n[agogr bmJbmŸ& W|~wQ>m gmJat {_imbmŸ&
J§Jo g[aVo g§J_ OmbmŸ& VËjUrŸ&& 8-6-43Ÿ &&
Eogr gyú_ pñW{V JVrŸ& H$iVm§ MwHo$ AYmoJVrŸ&
gX²Jwê$Mo{Z gX²J{VŸ& VËH$mi hmoV|Ÿ&& 19-5-30Ÿ &&
VoW| OmUrd am{hbrŸ& Am{U OJ‚mmoVr {Z_mbrŸ&
ewÕ gmam§e CabrŸ& ñdê$npñWVrŸ&& 10-5-26 &&
åhUmo{Z gd©gmjr _ZŸ& V|{M Om{b`m CÝ_ZŸ&
_J Vw`m©ê$n kmZŸ& V| _mdimoZ JoboŸ&& 7-5-11Ÿ &&
gJwU ^{º$ Vo MioŸ& {ZJw©U ^{º$ Vo Z MioŸ&
h| AmdK| àm§Oi H$ioŸ& gX²Jwê$ Ho${b`m§Ÿ&& 4-10-31 &&
~hþV OZmg MmbdrŸ& ZmZm _§S>i| hmbdrŸ&
Eogr ho g_W©nXdrŸ& {ddoH|$ hmoVoŸ&& 18-10-46 &&
CnmgZoMm JOaŸ& ñWimoñWit Wmoa WmoaŸ&
àË``mZ| àm{U{_ÌŸ& gmoS>{dboŸ&& 15-2-28 &&
åhUm¡{Z gX²Jwê$ dU©doZmŸ& ho Jo ho{M _mPr dU©ZmŸ&
A§VapñWVr{M`m IwUmŸ& A§V{Z©ð> OmUVrŸ&& 1-4-31 &&
(2) ~«÷~moY
Am{X A§Vt ~«÷ {ZJw©UŸ& Vo{M emœVmMr IyUŸ&
`oa n§M^y{VH$ gJwU Zm{gd§VŸ&& 6-2-8 &&
Vmo {dlm§VrMm {dlm_Ÿ& Am{Xnwê$f AmË_mam_Ÿ&&
V| `oH${M na~«÷ Xwga| ZmhrŸ&& 7-2-53 &&
^«_ê$n {dœ ñd^md|Ÿ& VoWo H$m` åhUmoZ gm§Jmd|Ÿ&
{ZJw©U ~«÷mdoJio AmKd|Ÿ& ^«_ê$nŸ&& 10-6-36Ÿ &&
Xod gXmo{XV g§MbmŸ& bmoH$s¨ ~hþ{dY Ho$bmŸ&
na§Vw ~hþ{dY OmbmŸ& h| Vmo KS>oZmŸ&& 9-3-31Ÿ&&
Ho$b| V| AdK|{M b{Q>H|$Ÿ& Var H$Vm© ho ~mobU|{M {\$H|$Ÿ&
dº$m åhUo ao {ddoH|$Ÿ& ~a| nmhmŸ&& 13-8-35 &&
Ñí` hbH$mbmoi| Zob|§Ÿ& OS> M§Mi {dVwib|Ÿ&
`m Cnar emœV Cab|Ÿ& na~«÷ V|Ÿ&& 13-4-24Ÿ &&
OoW| kmZ{M hmoV| {dkmZŸ& OoW| _Z{M hmoV| CÝ_ZŸ&
VoW| H¡$M| M§MinUŸ& AmË_`mgrŸ&& 10-10-52 Ÿ&&
OoW| AkmZ gaoŸ& kmZ Vo|{h ZwaoŸ&
{dkmZd¥{Îm _waoŸ& na~«÷rŸ&& 7-4-51 &&
~«÷ OmUmd| emœVŸ& _m`m Vo{M AemûdVŸ&
Mm¡Xm ~«÷m§Mm {gÕm§VŸ& hmoB©b AmVm§Ÿ&& 7-3-23Ÿ&&
åhUmo{Z h| Ñí`OmVŸ& AmdK|{M Amho AemœVŸ&
na_mË_m AÀ`wV AZ§VŸ& Vmo `m Ñí`mdoJimŸ&& 6-9-22 &&
{_Ï`m eãXt H$m§htM ZmhtŸ& VoW| Ho$b| H$moU| H$mB©Ÿ&
H$aU| {ZJw©UmMm R>mB©Ÿ& h|{h AK{Q>VŸ&& 8-2-54 &&
^mgmH$[aVm§ ^mg ^mgoŸ& Ñí`mH$[aVm§ Ñí` {XgoŸ&
AÑí`mg Cn_m ZgoŸ& åhUmo{Z {Zamon_Ÿ&& 8-3-9 &&
gH$i CnmYrdoJimŸ& Vmo na_mË_m {ZamimŸ&
Oit Agmo{Z ZmVio OimŸ& AmH$me O¡g|Ÿ&& 6-5-24 &&
{ddamoZ nmhmVm§ Aï>XohŸ& nwT>| ghO{M {Z:g§XohŸ&
AI§S> {Zê$nU| amhoŸ& g_mYmZŸ&& 13-5-23 &&
Eogm nm§Mm ^yVm§Mm {dñVmaŸ& Zm{gd§V hm {ZYm©aŸ&
emœV AmË_m {ZamH$maŸ& gË` OmUmdmŸ&& 13-6-11 &&
nam ní`§Vr _Ü`_m d¡IarŸ& OoW| dmogaVr À`marŸ&
VoW| eãXH$imHw$garŸ& H$moU H$mOŸ&& 9-2-26 &&
394 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 395

eãX_m¡Ý`mMm {dMmaŸ& ìhmd`m _yi dm|H$maŸ&
Vmo dm|H$ma Jo{b`m CƒmaŸ& H¡$gm H$amdmŸ&& 6-10-32 &&
{OH$S>o {OH$S>o àmUr nmhoŸ& {VH$S>o Vo gÝ_wI{M AmhoŸ&
g_ñVm§Mo _ñVH$s¨ amhoŸ& _mÜ`mZr _mVªS> O¡gmŸ&& 20-10-5 &&
AmYt Ñí` gmo{S>boŸ& _J eyÝ`Ëd dmobm§{S>boŸ&
_yi _m`o-naV| Xo{Ib|Ÿ& na~«÷Ÿ&& 8-10-70 &&
na~«÷ åh{UOo gH$im§naV|Ÿ& V`m nmhVm AmnU{M V|Ÿ&
h| H$io AZw^d_V|Ÿ& gXJwê$ Ho${b`m§Ÿ&& 9-1-29 &&
(3) gmYw~moY
n¥Ïdr_Y| ~hþV OZŸ& Ë`m_Ü`| AgVr g‚mZŸ&
nar gmYyg OmUVmo H$moUŸ& gmYwdoJimŸ&& 20-3-25 &&
n{VVnmdZmMo XmgŸ& Vo {h nmdZ H$[aVr OJmgŸ&
Eogr ho à{MV _ZmgŸ& ~hþVm§À`m AmbrŸ&& 12-3-33 &&
gXm ñdê$nmZwg§YmZŸ& h| _w»` gmYyM| bjUŸ&
OZt AgmoZ AmnUŸ& OZmdoJimŸ&& 8-9-9 &&
~«÷kmZr AmË_kmZrŸ& VËdkmZr qnS>kmZrŸ&
`mo½`mä`mgr `moJkmZrŸ& CXmgrZŸ&& 1-8-15 &&
Omo OmUob ^Jd§VŸ& V`m Zm§d ~mo{bOo g§V
Omo emœV Am{U AemœVŸ& {ZdmS>m H$arŸ&& 6-1-16Ÿ&&
kmË`mMr CJdbr d¥ÎmrŸ& ~ÕmEogr Z nS>o Jw§VrŸ&
^wHo$ë`mMr AZw^d àmßVrŸ& Ymë`mg ZmhrŸ&& 9-7-56Ÿ&&
åhUm¡Z gJwU^OZŸ& dar {deof ~«÷kmZŸ&
àË``mM| g_mYmZŸ& Xwb©^ OJtŸ&& 10-7-31 &&
gm§H$S>r_Yo dVm©o OmUoŸ& CnmYr_Yo {_im| OmUoŸ&
A{bßVnU| amIm| OmUoŸ& AmnUmgrŸ&& 11-6-13 &&
AmnU {ddoH|$ {demibmŸ& _`m©XodoJim OmbmŸ&
_J ~«÷Jmoi Xo{IbmŸ& dQ>~rOÝ`m`|Ÿ&& 9-9-32 &&
gmÜ` H$amd| gmYZmgrŸ& Ü`o`| Yamd| Ü`mZmgrŸ&
CÝ_Z| Amdamdo _ZmgrŸ& H$moÊ`m àH$ma|Ÿ&& 9-10-37Ÿ &&
V¡gm h[aXmg Am{U {daº$Ÿ& kmVm Am{U ào_i ^º$Ÿ&
ì`wËnÞ Am{U dmXa{hVŸ& Var ho hr Anyd©VmŸ&& 14-5-4 &&
`m H$maU| _ZmoJVŸ& amIob Vmo _moR>m _h§VŸ&
_ZmoJV amIVm§ g_ñVŸ& dmoT>moZ `oVrŸ&& 13-10-29 &&
bmoH$ g§H$ën {dH$ën H$[aVrŸ& Vo AdKo{M {Z\©$i hmoVrŸ&
OZmMr OZm bmOdr d¥ÎmrŸ& Voìhm§ `moJoœaŸ&& 11-10-15 &&
CX§S> àJQ>bm {dMmaŸ& Y_©ñWmnZm VXZ§VaŸ&
VoW|M nyOog A{YH$maŸ& nwÊ`earatŸ&& 18-4-36 &&
gmYw {Zü` H$[aVr `oH$Ÿ& AmË_m gd©Ì ì`mnH$Ÿ&
`oa h| AdK|{M _mBH$Ÿ& gMamMaŸ&& 6-4-13 &&
AmË_mam_CnmgZmŸ& VoU| nmdb| {Za§OZmŸ&
{Z:g§Xoho AZw_mZmŸ& R>md{M ZmhtŸ&& 20-6-30 &&
na_mW© gH$im§g {dgm§dmŸ& {gÕ gmYw _hmZw^mdm§Ÿ&
goIt gmpËdH$ OS>Ordm§Ÿ& gËg§J|H$ê$ZrŸ&& 1-9-20 &&
{ddoH|$ A§Var gwQ>bmŸ& d¡am½`| àn§M VwQ>bmŸ&
A§V~m©÷ _moH$im OmbmŸ& {Z:g§J `moJrŸ&& 12-4-12 &&
kmVm VËd| g§mSy>Z nimbmŸ& Vw`©}n¡brH$S>o JobmŸ&
AmË_{ZdoXZ| OmbmŸ& ~«÷ê$nŸ&& 18-9-24 &&
O¡ Ì¡bmoH$s¨ Zmht XmZŸ& V| H$[aVr g§Vg‚mZŸ&
V`m§ g§Vm§Mo _{h_mZŸ& H$m` åhUm¡{Z dUm©d|Ÿ&& 1-5-24 &&
(4) B©œa~moY
`oH$ ZmZm à{V_mŸ& Xwgam AdVma _{h_mŸ&
{Vgam Vmo A§VamË_mŸ& Mm¡Wm Vmo {Z{d©H$marŸ&& 11-2-33 &&
qnS>r XohYVm© OrdŸ& ~«÷m§S>r XohYVm© {edŸ&
B©œaVZwMVwï>` gd©Ÿ& B©œaYVm©Ÿ&& 13-1-24 &&
396 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 397

_m`m~«÷t Omo g_raŸ& Ë`mV OmUVm Vmo B©ídaŸ&
B©œa Am{U gd}œaŸ& V`mgrM ~mo{bOoŸ&& 10-4-16 &&
`od§ H$ënZoa{hVŸ& V`m Zm§d ^Jd§VŸ&
XodnUmMr _mVŸ& VoW| ZmhtŸ&& 8-1-52 &&
{Züi ~«÷t M§Mi AmË_mŸ& gH$im§ na Omo na_mË_mŸ&
M¡VÝ` gmjr kmZmË_mŸ& fS²>JwU¡œê$Ÿ&& 17-1-1 &&
àH¥${Vnwê$f {edeº$sŸ& AY©ZmarZQ>oœa åhUVrŸ&
nar Vo AmdKr OJ‚mmoVrŸ& _yi Ë`mgrŸ&& 15-7-3 &&
Vo _§wJrg_mZ eara|Ÿ& CX§S> AgVr bhmZWmo§a|Ÿ&
g_ñVm§_Ü`| Ordoœa|Ÿ& dñVr H$sOoŸ&& 15-8-5 &&
Eogm hm g{dVm gH$im§MmŸ& nyd©O hmo` aKwZmWmMmŸ&
AJmY _{h_m _mZdr dmMmŸ& H$m` åhUmo{Z dUm©drŸ&& 16-2-19 &&
OrdmË_m {edmË_m na_mË_mŸ& OJXmË_m {dœmË_m JwámË_mŸ&
AmË_m A§VamË_m gyú_mË_mŸ& XodXmZd_mZdrŸ&& 16-8-6 &&
Vñ_mV² d{S>b A§VamË_mŸ& OoW| MoVbm VoW| _{h_mŸ&
h| Vm| àJQ>{M Amho Amåhm§Ÿ& eãX ZmhtŸ&& 15-3-19 &&
B©œa| _moR>| gyÌ Ho$b|Ÿ& _Zwî`_mÌ Jw§VmoZ am{hb|Ÿ&
bmo^mM| Jw§S>mi| Ho$b|Ÿ& CJdoZm Eog|Ÿ&& 17-2-30 &&
AmdUm}XH$s¨ hQ>Ho$œaŸ& Ë`mgr KS>o Z_ñH$maŸ&
_{h_m AË`§V{M WmoaŸ& V`m nmVmiqbJmMmŸ&& 17-10-1 &&
gÎmm n¥Ïdr_Ü`| dm§Q>brŸ& OoW| VoW| {d^m{JbrŸ&
H$ioZ| g¥ï>r Mm{bbrŸ& ^Jd§VmMoŸ&& 20-4-6 &&
V`m JwUm_Y| gËdJwUŸ& {ZIi OmUrdbjUŸ&
Ë`mMm XohYmar AmnUŸ& {dîUw OmbmŸ&& 10-9-12 &&
OJXre Amho OJXm§VarŸ& MoQ>H|$ H$amdt H$moUmdarŸ&
Omo H$moUr {ddoH|$ {ddarŸ& Vmo{M loð>Ÿ&& 15-1-10 &&
ZmZm Zm_| ^Jd§VmMtŸ& ZmZm Ü`mZ| gJwUmMtŸ&
ZmZm H$sV©Z| H$sVvMtŸ& AX²^wV H$amdtŸ&& 14-4-5 &&
Y_©ñWmnZoMo ZaŸ& Vo B©ídamMo AdVmaŸ&
Ombo AmhoV nwT>| hmoUmaŸ& XoUo B©ídamM|Ÿ&& 18-6-20 &&
åhUm¡{Z Wmoamhÿ{Z WmoaŸ& Oo B©ídamMm B©ûdaŸ&
V`ogr _mPm Z_ñH$maŸ& VX§e|{M AmVm§Ÿ&& 1-3-26 &&
AH$ma CH$ma _H$maŸ& AY©_mÌm Vmo B©œaŸ&
Eoñ`m _mÌm MËdmaŸ& Mm¡XohmÀ`mŸ&& 17-9-4 &&
{ZJw©U åh{UOo ~hþJwUŸ& ~hþJwUr A§VamË_m OmUŸ&
gH$i Ë`mMo A§e h| à_mUŸ& à{MV nmhmŸ&& 16-9-4 &&
(5) Ord~moY
`oM jUr§ _amoZ OmgrŸ& Var aKwZmWt A§VabmgrŸ&
_mP| _mP| åhUVmogrŸ& åhUm¡{Z`m§Ÿ&& 3-10-50Ÿ&&
{ZOob| AgVm§{M _oboŸ& nwÝhm CnOVm§{M {ZOoboŸ&
Eogo Amboo Am{U JoboŸ& ~hþV bmoH$Ÿ&& 7-1-24Ÿ&&
dm`mog[agr dmgZm JobrŸ& Vo dm`moén|{M am{hbrŸ&
nwÝhm§ OÝ_ KoD$Z AmbrŸ& hoVwnaËd|Ÿ&& 9-8-5Ÿ&&
J^u åhUo gmoh§ gmoh§Ÿ& ~mhoar nS>Vm§ åhUo H$moh§Ÿ&
Eogm H$ï>r Ombm ~hþŸ& J^©dmgrŸ&& 3-1-47Ÿ&&
OZmMm bmbMr ñd^mdŸ& Ama§^rM åhUVr XodŸ&
åh{UOo _bm H$m§ht XodŸ& Eogr dmgZmŸ&& 18-7-1Ÿ&&
Xoh XoD$i AmË_m XodŸ& H$moR>| Yé§ nmhVm§ ^mdŸ&
Xod dmoiImoZ OrdŸ& VoW|{M bmdmdmŸ&& 14-8-29Ÿ&
KQ>t ì`mnH$ O| AmH$meŸ& V`m Zmd KQ>mH$meŸ&
qnS>r ì`mnH$ ~«÷m§eŸ& Ë`mg OrdmË_m ~mo{bOoŸ&& 8-7-49Ÿ&&
EoŠ` Ord Vmo ~«÷m§eŸ& OoW| qnS>~«÷m§S>{ZamgŸ&
`oW| gm§{JVbm {deofŸ& MËdma OrdŸ&& 11-1-35Ÿ&&
_w»` gpÀN>î`mM| bjUŸ& gX²JwédMZt {dûdmg nyU©Ÿ&
AZÝ`^md| eaUŸ& Ë`m Zm§d gpÀN>î`Ÿ&& 5-3-19Ÿ&&
398 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 399

gH$i CnXoet {deofŸ& AmË_kmZmMm CnXoeŸ&
`o {dfBª OJXreŸ& ~hþVm§ R>mBª ~mo{bbmŸ&& 5-4-33Ÿ&&
EoH$ ewÕ kmZmM| bjUŸ& ewÕ ñdén{M AmnUŸ&
`m Zm§d ewÕ ñdê$nkmZŸ& Om{UO| lmoVtŸ&& 5-6-10Ÿ&&
Xoh~w{Õ {ddoH|$ dmarŸ& AmË_~w{Õ gwÑT> YarŸ&
ldU _ZZ Ho$b|{M H$arŸ& `m Zm§d gmYH$Ÿ&& 5-9-8Ÿ&&
qnS>r {ZË`m{ZË` {ddoH$Ÿ& ~«÷m§S>r gmamgma AZoH$Ÿ&
gH$i emoYy{Z`m `oH$Ÿ& gma ¿`md|Ÿ&& 18-5-31Ÿ&&
Y[aVm§ gmo gm§{S>Vm§ h§Ÿ& AI§S> Mmbo gmoh§ gmoh§Ÿ&
`mMm {dMma nmhVm§ ~hþŸ& {dñVmabmŸ&& 17-5-11Ÿ&&
~«÷tMm A§e AmH$meŸ& Am{U AmËå`mMm A§e _mZgŸ&
XmohtMm AZw^d àË``mgŸ& `oW| ¿`mdmŸ&& 20-1-18Ÿ&&
gmoh§ h§gm VËd_grŸ& V| ~«÷ Vy§ AmhogrŸ&
{dMma nmhVm§ pñW{V EogrŸ& ghO{M hmoVoŸ&& 13-2-20Ÿ&&
Eog| OmUmo{Z`m§ Ord|Ÿ& `mM| gmW©H${M H$amd|Ÿ&
OZr _amoZ Cadmd|Ÿ& H$s{V©ê$noŸ&& 3-9-44Ÿ&&
g§VH¥$nm hmo` O`mgŸ& VoU| CÕ[abm d§eŸ&
Vmo B©œamMm A§eŸ& gËdJwU|Ÿ&& 2-7-78Ÿ&&
na_oœamg dmoi{Ib|Ÿ& AmnU H$moUg| H$ib|Ÿ&
AmË_{ZdoXZ Ombo§Ÿ& åh{UOo ~a|Ÿ&& 10-8-22Ÿ&&
VËdm§_Ü`o§ _rnU Job|Ÿ& Var {ZJw©U ghO{M Cab|Ÿ&
gmoh§^md| àË``m Amb|Ÿ& AmË_{ZdoXZŸ&& 6-3-31Ÿ&&
(6) gmYZ~moY
gÝ_mJ© Vmo Ordt YaUo§Ÿ& AZ_mJm©Mm Ë`mJ H$aU|Ÿ&
g§gm[aH$m Ë`mJ `oU|Ÿ& àH$mao EogmŸ&& 5-10-2Ÿ&&
ñdmW© gm§Sy>Z àn§MmMmŸ& hì`mg Y[abm na_mWm©MmŸ&
A§{H$V hmoB©Z g‚mZmMmŸ& åhUo Vmo _w_wjwŸ&& 5-8-43Ÿ&&
AmigmMo g§ajUŸ& na_mWm©Mr ~wS>dUŸ&
`mH$maU| {ZË` ldUŸ& Ho$b|{M nm{hOoŸ&& 7-8-49Ÿ&&
åhUmo{Z {ZË`m{ZË`{dMmaŸ& OoW| ~mo{bbm gmamgmaŸ&
Vmo{M J«§W n¡bnmaŸ& nmdmdr {ddoH|$Ÿ&& 7-9-60Ÿ&&
h| AmdK| AmnUm§nmetŸ& `oW| ~mob Zmht OZm§grŸ&
{gH$dmd| Amnë`m _ZmgrŸ& jUjUmŸ&& 12-2-23Ÿ&&
_w»` h[aH$Wm {Zê$nUŸ& Xwga| V| amOH$maUŸ&
{Vga| V| gmdYnUŸ& gd©{dfBªŸ&& 11-5-4Ÿ&&
Amho {VVwH|$ XodmM|Ÿ& Eog| dV©U| {Zü`mM|Ÿ&
_yi VwQ>| CÛoJmM|Ÿ& `oUo ar{V§Ÿ&& 11-3-28Ÿ&&
JwU_m`m _yi_m`mŸ& na~«÷t nmdVr b`mŸ&
V| na~«÷ {ddam`mŸ& {ddoH$ nm{hOoŸ&& 14-9-10Ÿ&&
nXmW© OS> AmË_m M§MiŸ& {d_i~«÷ V| {ZüiŸ&
{ddamoZ {dao VËH$miŸ& VÐÿn hmo`Ÿ&& 12-5-15Ÿ&&
{Züi M§Mi Am{U OS>Ÿ& qnS>r H$amdm {ZdmS>Ÿ&
àË``mdoJi| OmS>Ÿ& ~mobU| ZmhtŸ&& 20-7-13Ÿ&&
g_Ob| Var C_OoZmŸ& C_Ob| Var g_OoZmŸ&
àË``|{dU AZw_mZoZmŸ& gH$i H$m§htŸ&& 15-5-17Ÿ&&
g~i {df` Ë`mJU|Ÿ& ewÕ H$m`©H$maU KoU|Ÿ&
{df`Ë`mJmMt bjU|Ÿ& dmoiIm EogtŸ&& 12-7-27Ÿ&&
ldU_ZZmMm {dMmaŸ& {ZOÜ`mg| gmjmËH$maŸ&
amoH$S>m _mojmMm CYmaŸ& ~mobm|{M Z`oŸ&& 17-3-3Ÿ&&
AI§S> `oH$m§V godmdmŸ& J§«W_mÌ Ym§S>moimdmŸ&
àMrV `oB©b Vmo ¿`mdmŸ& AW© _ZtŸ&& 18-3-20Ÿ&&
H$m§ht Jë~bm H$m§hr§ {ZdiŸ& Eogm H§$R>rV Omdm H$miŸ&
OoU|H$[aVm§ {dlm§Vr doiŸ& AmnUmgr \$mdoŸ&& 19-8-29Ÿ&&
XwO©Z àmUr g_OmdoŸ& nar Vo àJQ> Z H$amdoŸ&
g‚mZmnarg AmidmdoŸ& _hÎd XoCZrŸ&& 19-9-23Ÿ&&
400 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 401

Aä`mg| àJQ> ìhmd|Ÿ& Zmht Var Pm§H$moZ Agmd|Ÿ &
àJQ> hmoD$Z Zmgmd|Ÿ& h| ~a| ZìhoŸ&& 19-7-17 &&
ZoUVnU gmoSy> Z`oŸ& OmUnU| \w$Jm| Z`oŸ &
ZmZm OZm§M| öX`oŸ& _¥XyeãX| CH$bmd|Ÿ&& 19-2-10 &&
nXmWv Agmd| CXmgŸ& {ddoH$ nmhmdm {deof gmdH$mgŸ &
`oU|H$[aVm§ OJXreŸ& Abä` bm^oŸ&& 12-8-29 &&
emhÊ`mZ| Eog| Z H$amd|Ÿ& gwI hmo` V|{M H$amd|Ÿ &
Xodmgr Yw§{S>V Omd|Ÿ& ~«÷mS>mnaV|Ÿ&& 13-7-26 &&
(7) àH¥${V~moY
CnmYr{dU O| AmH$meŸ& V|{M ~«÷ {Zam^mgŸ&
Vo {Zam^mgt _yi_m`ogŸ& OÝ_ OmbmŸ&&10-3-1Ÿ&&
Ho$di AM§Mir {Z_m©U OmbrŸ& AYmo_wI| ~i| Mm{bbrŸ&
AI§S> dmho nar Xo{IbrŸ& ZmhtM H$moUtŸ&&11-7-2Ÿ&&
`oWyZ nmhmVm§ `oWdarŸ& MËdma OrZg AdYmatŸ&
`oH$ Mm¡Xm nm§M À`marŸ& Eog| AmhoŸ&&20-5-1Ÿ&&
nwéfBÀN>o_Y| àH¥$VrŸ& àH¥$Vr_Y| àéfdoº$sŸ&
àH¥$Vrnwéf ~mobVrŸ& `oU| Ý`m`|Ÿ&&16-7-40Ÿ&&
^yV| JwU _oi{dOoŸ& Ë`mgr Aï>Ym ~mo{bOoŸ&
n§M^y{VH$ Om{UOoŸ& Aï>Ym àH¥$VrŸ&& 8-4-42Ÿ&&
À`m[a ImUr À`m[a dmUrŸ& Mm¡è`m§gr bj Ord`moZrŸ&
{Z_m©U Ombo bmoH$ {VZrŸ& qnS>~«÷m§S>Ÿ&&13-3-15Ÿ&&
{Z{d©H$ën O| ñ\w$aUŸ& CJ|M AgVm§ AmR>dUŸ&
V| OmUmd| A§V:H$aUŸ& OmUVrH$imŸ&& 17-8-4Ÿ&&
{H$S>m_w§JrnmgyZ ~«÷m{XH$Ÿ& g_ñVm§V A§V:H$aU `oH$Ÿ&
`o Jmoï>rM| H$m¡VwH$Ÿ& àË``| OmUmd|Ÿ&&10-1-23Ÿ&&
n¥ÏdrM| _yi OrdZŸ& OrdZmM| _yi XhZŸ&
XhZmM| _yi ndZŸ& WmoamhÿZ WmoaŸ&&16-4-30Ÿ&&
Eogm hm g_W© ndZŸ& hZw_§V O`mMm Z§XZŸ&
aKwZmW ñ_aUt VZ_ZŸ& hZw_§VmM|Ÿ&&16-6-24Ÿ&&
O|{M qnS>r V|{M ~«÷m§S>tŸ& à{MV Zmht H$s¨ amoH$S>rŸ&
n§M^yVm§Mr Vm§VS>rŸ& XmohrH$S>oŸ&&9-5-40Ÿ&&
Mm¢ImUrMo àmUr AgVrŸ& AdKo CXH$|{M dmT>VrŸ&
Eogo hmoVr Am{U OmVrŸ& Ag§»`mVŸ&&15-9-1Ÿ&&
`oH$m CXH$mMo {dH$maŸ& nmhmVm§ {XgVr AnmaŸ&
nm§Mm ^yVm§Mo {dñVmaŸ& Mm¡è`mgr bj`moZrŸ&&9-6-43Ÿ&&
_Zwî`| _aVm§M EoH$mŸ& H¥${_ ^ñ_ H$m§ _¥{ÎmH$mŸ&
Eoem H$m`m nS>Vr AZoH$mŸ& nwT>| n¥ÏdrŸ&&15-4-5Ÿ&&
Eogm n¥ÏdrMm _{h_mŸ& Xwgar H$m`o Úmdr Cn_mŸ&
~«÷m{XH$m§nmgwZr Amåhm§Ÿ& Aml`mo{M AmhoŸ&&16-3-30Ÿ&&
n{hbm Xoh ñWyiH$m`mŸ& AmR>dm Xoh _yi_m`mŸ&
Aï> Xoh {Zag{b`m§Ÿ& {dMma H¡$MmŸ&&11-4-11Ÿ&&
^mod§S>rZ| n¥Ïdr H$bWbrŸ& H$m{_UrZ| {ndir OmbrŸ&
g{ÞnmVñWm§ AZw^dbrŸ& V¡gr _m`mŸ&&14-10-20Ÿ&&
JwßVén| JwUgm¡å`Ÿ& åhUm¡{Z ~mo{bOo JwUgmå`Ÿ&
gyú_ g§Ho$V AJå`Ÿ& ~hþVm§g H¢$MmŸ&&20-2-25Ÿ&&
gmYwg§V _hmZw^mdŸ& Ë`m§Mm Eogm{M AZw^dŸ&
n§M^yVmVrV XodŸ& g¥{ï> {_Ï`mŸ&&6-6-47Ÿ&&
gH$i _m`m JWmJmo{dŸ& g§Vg§Jo ho CJdmdrŸ&
nm{dOo _mojmMr nXdrŸ& gËg_mJ_|Ÿ&&8-5-70Ÿ&&
(8) Xoh~moY
Xohg§Jo {df` ^mo{JboŸ& Xohg§Jo àmUr {_adb|Ÿ&
XohYË`m©g MwH$b|Ÿ& Zdb _moR>|Ÿ&&11-8-15Ÿ&&
^{º$hrZ ^mdhrZŸ& kmZhrZ d¡am½`hrZŸ&
em§{VhrZ j_mhrZŸ& gd©hrZ jw„Hw$Ÿ&&2-3-37Ÿ&&
402 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 403

ZoUmo{Z`m§ na_mË_mŸ& gH$i nXmWv ào_mŸ&
~bmËH$ma| Kmbr OÝ_mŸ& Vmo aOmoJwUŸ&&2-5-33Ÿ&&
XodmMr Omo qZXm H$arŸ& Vmo Amem~Õ AKmoarŸ&
Omo g§Vg§J Z YarŸ& Vmo V_moJwUŸ&&2-6-37Ÿ&&
XodÐmohr JwéÐmohrŸ& _mV¥Ðmohr {nV¥ÐmohrŸ&
~«÷Ðmohr ñdm_rÐmohrŸ& Vmo `oH$ _yI©Ÿ&&2-1-44Ÿ&&
Zmht ^º$sM| gmYZŸ& Zmht d¡am½` Zm ^OZŸ&
{H«$`o{dU ~mobo ~«÷kmZŸ& Vmo `oH$ nT>V_yI©Ÿ&&2-10-23Ÿ&&
Xoh B§{Ð` Am{U àmUŸ& `m§M|{Z `moJ| AmnUŸ&
gwIXw…Io {gUo OmUŸ& `m Zm§d AmÜ`pË_H$Ÿ&&3-6-13Ÿ&&
gd© ^yVm§Mo{Z g§`moJ|Ÿ& gwI Xw…I CnOm| bmJoŸ&
Vmn hmoVm§ _Z ^§JoŸ& `m Zm§d Am{X^y{VH$Ÿ&&3-7-2Ÿ&&
ew^mew^ H$_m©Z| OZmŸ& Xohm§Vt `_`mVZmŸ&
ñdJ© ZH©$ ^moJ ZmZmŸ& `m Zm§d Am{XX¡{dH$Ÿ&&3-8-2Ÿ&&
ñÌrH$maU| na_mW© ~wS>{dbmŸ& àmUr ñd{hVmg ZmS>bmŸ&
B©œat H$mZH$m|S>m OmbmŸ& ñÌrH$maU| H$m_~wÕrŸ&&3-2-55Ÿ&&
{df`gwI V| am{hb|Ÿ& dm§OnU| Xw…Ir Ho$b|Ÿ&
V§d V| Hw$iX¡dV nmdb|Ÿ& Ombr d¥ÕrŸ&&3-3-34Ÿ&&
Eog| Amnwb| gwI nmhmVrŸ& nar Ë`mM| Xw…I ZoUVrŸ&
Am{U eº$s Jo{b`m A§VrŸ& H$moUrM H$m_m Z `oVrŸ&&3-4-20Ÿ&&
A{dÚoZ| A{dÚm Xo{IbrŸ& åhUmo{Z Jmoï>r {dœmgbrŸ&
VwPr H$m`m AdKr g§MbrŸ& A{dÚoMrŸ&&6-8-40Ÿ&&
H$m`m dmMm Am{U _ZŸ& {MÎm {dÎm Ord àmUŸ&
Ðì`XmaoM| H$ar ^OZŸ& `m Zm§d ~ÕŸ&&5-7-41Ÿ&&
åhUm¡{Z _mJwV| OÝ_m§VaŸ& àmßV _mV|Mo CXaŸ&
g§gma hm A{V XwñVaŸ& Vmo{M R>mHy$Z AmbmŸ&&3-5-55Ÿ&&
Agmo gH$i H$imàdrUŸ& {dÚm_mÌ n[anyU©Ÿ&
Var Vo H$m¡eë`Vm nar kmZŸ& åhUm|{M Z`oŸ&&5-5-32Ÿ&&
OZmM| g_mYmZ amhmd|Ÿ& Amnwb| nm[aI| dmoiImd|Ÿ&
Am{U ^OZ{M _moS>md|Ÿ& h| H$moU kmZŸ&&6-7-17Ÿ&&
`oH$ (Xoh+AmË_m) AñVm§ CX§S> KS>oŸ& doJio nmhVm§ H$m§htM Z KS>oŸ&
{ddoH|$ {ÌbmoH$s ndmS>oŸ& XohmË_`moJ|Ÿ&&13-9-40Ÿ&&
Xoh na_mWv bm{db|Ÿ& VarM `mM| gmW©H$ Omb|Ÿ&
Zmht Var h| doW©{M Job|Ÿ& ZmZmAmKmV| _¥Ë`wn§W|Ÿ&&1-10-61Ÿ&&
AmnUmg Zw_Oo ~ad|Ÿ& åhUmo{Z {_Ï`m H¡$g| åhUmd|Ÿ&
ZmVar gwÑT> Yamd|Ÿ& gX²Jwé_wI|Ÿ&&7-7-41Ÿ&&
(9) {d{hVH$_©~moY
dmë_rH$ F$fr ~mo{bbm ZgVmŸ& Var Amåhm§gr H¢$Mr am_H$WmŸ&
åhUmo{Z`m§ g_Wm©Ÿ& H$m` åhUmoZr dUm©d|Ÿ&&16-1-18Ÿ&&
Eogm J§«W OnmoZr ë`mhmdmŸ& àm{U_mÌm§g CnOo hodmŸ&
Eogm nwéf Vmo nhmdmŸ& åhUVr bmoH$Ÿ&&19-1-12Ÿ&&
OJt ^oX H$m_m Z`oŸ& dU© g§H$a H$ê§$ Z`oŸ&
Amnbm Y_© CS>dy§ Z`oŸ& A{^_mZ ImoQ>mŸ&&14-1-76Ÿ&&
AmYt H$_m©Mm àg§JŸ& H$_© Ho$b| nm{hOo gm§JŸ&
H$Xm{MV n{S>bo ì`§JŸ& Var àË`dm` KS>oŸ&&11-9-1Ÿ&&
Á`m B§{Ð`m§g Omo ^moJŸ& Vmo Vmo H$ar `oWmgm§JŸ&
B©œamM| Ho$b| OJ (^oX`wº$)Ÿ& _mo{S>Vm§ CaoZmŸ&&17-4-28Ÿ&&
H$_©{dYr CnmgZm{dYrŸ& kmZ{dYr d¡am½`{dYrŸ&
{demi kmV§¥ËdmMr ~wÕrŸ& Miob H¢$grŸ&&19-4-20Ÿ&&
àn§M AWdm na_mW©Ÿ& OmUVm VmoqM g_W©Ÿ&
ZoUVm Om{UOo doW©Ÿ& {Z…H$maUŸ&&9-4-19Ÿ&&
AnH$s{V© Vo gm§S>mdrŸ& gËH$s{V© dmT>dmdrŸ&
{ddoH|$ ÑT> YamdrŸ& dmQ> gË`mMrŸ&&2-2-41Ÿ&&
àmV…H$mit CR>V Omd|Ÿ& àmV…ñ_am{_ H$amd|Ÿ&
{ZË` Zo_| ñ_amd|Ÿ& nmR>m§VaŸ&&12-9-9Ÿ&&
404 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 405

ZaXoht {deof ~«m÷UŸ& Ë`mhrdar g§Ü`mñZmZŸ&
gÛmgZm ^JdX²^OZŸ& KS>o nyd©nwÊ`|Ÿ&&2-4-2Ÿ&&
~«m÷Umg VZw_ZwŸ& gy`©Xod hþVmeZwŸ&
`oV{ÛfBª AZw_mZwŸ& H$m§htM ZmhtŸ&&16-5-17Ÿ&&
Agmo Eogm ^JdX²^º$Ÿ& Omo `o g§gmat {daº$Ÿ&
V`mg _m{ZVr _wº$Ÿ& gmYwOZŸ&&14-3-33Ÿ&&
`oU|{M Ý`m`| AÞ dgZŸ& `oU|{M Ý`m`| XodVmMªZŸ&
`oU|{M Ý`m`| ~«÷kmZŸ& àmßVì`mgm[aI|Ÿ&&17-6-24Ÿ&&
CÎm_ g§JVr YamdrŸ& Amnbr AmnU qMVm H$amdrŸ&
A§Var ~ar {ddamdrŸ& ~w{Õ OmUË`mMrŸ&&17-7-12Ÿ&&
{daº|$ CÎm_ JwU ¿`mdoŸ& {daº|$ AdJwU Ë`mJmdoŸ&
ZmZm Anm` ^§JmdoŸ& {ddoH$~i|Ÿ&&2-9-39Ÿ&&
H$m§hr Zo_H$nU Amnwb|Ÿ& ~hþVOZmgr H$im| Amb|Ÿ&
V|{M _Zwî` _mÝ` Omb|Ÿ& ^y_§S>irŸ&&19-3-23Ÿ&&
g§Vmg§V Oo OZŸ& VoWo H$moamÞ _mJmoZ H$ar ^moOZŸ&
VoU| Ho$b| A_¥VàmeZŸ& à{V{XZtŸ&&14-2-3Ÿ&&
^y_§S>ir gH$im§V _mÝ`Ÿ& Vmo åhUmo Z`| gm_mÝ`Ÿ&
{H$Ë`oH$ bmoH$ AZÝ`Ÿ& V`m nwéfmgrŸ&&15-6-29Ÿ&&
AÜ`mË_ldU H$arV Omd|Ÿ& åh{UOo gH$i H$m§ht \$md|Ÿ&
ZmZm àH$matMo JmodoŸ& VwQ>mo{Z OmVrŸ&&20-9-18Ÿ&&
H$m§ht AZw_m{Zb| {dMma|Ÿ& Xod Amho OJXm§VaoŸ&
gJwUmH$[aVm§ {ZYm©a|Ÿ& {ZJw©U nm{dOoŸ&&18-8-22Ÿ&&
(10) ^{º$~moY
gd©àH$ma| Zo_H$Ÿ& emñÌmoº$ H$aU| H$m§ht`oH$Ÿ&
Ë`m{h_Ü`| Abm¡{H$H$Ÿ& Vmo hm ^{º$_mJ©Ÿ&&14-7-6Ÿ&&
doX emñÌ| Am{U nwamU|Ÿ& _mhmdmŠ`mMt {ddaU|Ÿ&
VZwMVwï>`{Ze©Z|Ÿ& H¡$gt V| EoH$mdrŸ&&4-1-29Ÿ&&
gJwUH$Wm `m Zmd {H$V©ZŸ& AÛ¡V åh{UOo {ZénUŸ&
gJwU ajyZ {ZJw©UŸ& ~mobV Omd|Ÿ&&4-2-23Ÿ&&
MmbVm§ ~mobVm§ Y§Xm H$[aVm§Ÿ& ImVm§ Oo{dVm§ gwIr hmoVm§Ÿ&
ZmZm Cn^moJ ^mo{JVm§Ÿ& Zm_ {dgam| Z`oŸ&&4-3-7Ÿ&&
nmXgodZ (gX²Jwénm`) Mm¡Wr ^º$sŸ& nmdZ H$[aVgo {ÌOJVrŸ&
O`oH$[aVm gm`wÁ`_wº$sŸ& gmYH$mg hmo`oŸ&&4-4-25Ÿ&&
H$m`m dmMm Am{U _Z|Ÿ& {MÎm| {dÎm| Ord| àmU|Ÿ&
gX²^md| ^Jd§V AM©U|Ÿ& `m Zm§d AM©Z^º$sŸ&&4-5-29Ÿ&&
gd© Xodm§g Z_ñH$m[ab|Ÿ& Vo `oH$m ^Jd§Vmg nmdb|Ÿ&
`oXWv `oH$ dMZ ~mo{bb|Ÿ& Amho V| EoH$mŸ&& (AmH$meËn{VV§Ÿ)Ÿ&&4-6-11Ÿ&&
gmVd| ^OZ V| Xmñ` OmUmd|Ÿ& n{S>b| H$m`© {VVwH|$ H$amd|Ÿ&
gXm g{ÞY{M Agmd|Ÿ& XodÛmatŸ&&4-7-2Ÿ&&
XodmÀ`m g»`ËdmH$maU|Ÿ& Amnb| gm¡»` gmoSy>Z XoU|Ÿ&
AZÝ`^md| Ord| àmU|Ÿ& eara V|hr doMmd|Ÿ&&4-8-6Ÿ&&
Ëd§nX VËnX A{gnXŸ& qZagw{Z gH$i ^oXm^oXŸ&
dñVw R>mBªMr A^oXŸ& AmnU H¢$MmŸ&&4-9-20Ÿ&&
AmË_{ZdoXZmMo A§VtŸ& Oo H$m§ KS>br A^oX ^º$sŸ&
V`o Zm§d gm`moÁ`_wº$sŸ& gË` OmUmdrŸ&&8-8-19Ÿ&&
CnmgZoM| godQ>tŸ& Xodm§^º$m§ AI§S> ^oQ>rŸ&
AZw^dm OmUob Jmoï>rŸ& àË``mMrŸ&&18-2-30Ÿ&&
CnmgZoM| CÎmrU© ìhmd|Ÿ& ^º$OZ| dmT>dmd|Ÿ&
A§Var {ddoH|$ C_Omd|Ÿ& gH$i H$m§htŸ&&15-10-33Ÿ&&
emhmUo H$amdo OZŸ& n{VV H$amdo nmdZŸ&
g¥{ï>_Y| ^JdX²^OZŸ& dmT>dmd|Ÿ&&14-6-33Ÿ&&
CËH$Q> ^{º$ CËH$Q> kmZŸ& CËH$Q> MmVw`© CËH$Q> ^OZŸ&
CËH$Q> `moJ AZwð>mZŸ& R>mBª R>mBªŸ&&19-6-22Ÿ&&
406 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 407

AmÚ _Ü` AdgmZŸ& Oo emœV {Za§OZŸ&
VoW| bmdmd| AZwg§YmZŸ& OmUVo nwéftŸ&&12-6-20Ÿ&&
AmnU H$amd| H$admd|Ÿ& AmnU {ddamd| {ddadmd|Ÿ&
AmnU Yamd| Yadmd|Ÿ& ^OZ_mJm©grŸ&&19-10-17Ÿ&&
AmdmhZ {dgO©ZŸ& h|{M ^OZmM| bjUŸ&
gH$i OmUVr g‚mZŸ& _r H$m` gm§Jm|Ÿ&&20-8-30Ÿ&&
^OZ gmYZ Aä`mgŸ& `oU| nm{dOo nabmoH$mgŸ&
Xmg åhUo hm {dœmgŸ& Y[abm nm{hOoŸ&&16-10-31Ÿ&&
^{º$MoZ `moJ| XodŸ& {Zü`| nmdVr _mZdŸ&
Eogm Amho A{^àmdŸ& B`o J«§WtŸ&&1-1-4Ÿ&&
Am_Mo XmXm
* * *
_Zm M§XZmMo nar Ëdm§ {POmdoŸ&
nar A§Var gÁOZm ZrddmdoŸ&&
`m g_WmªÀ`m AmXoemà_mUo OrdZ H¥$VmW© H$aUmao
d§XZr` H¡$. S>m°. am_M§Ð XÎmmÌo` VWm XmXmgmho~ àmUr
E_². ~r. ~r. Eg².
`m§À`m ^{ŠVOrdZmMm Aën n[aM`
boIH$ … H¡$. lr Ho$ed JmoqdX JmoIbo
408 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 409

n{dÌ Hw$b
g_W© am_Xmgm§À`m nXñnem©Z| nmdZ Pmbob| Am{U Ë`m§Zr ñWmnZ Ho$boë`m
_méVram`mÀ`m _§{Xam_wio _hÎd nmdbob| _gya h| àmUr KamÊ`mM| _yi Jmd. H$m§ht
Amn{Îm Amë`m_wio S>m°. XmXm§À`m d{S>bm§Zm _gya gmoS>md| bmJb|. AmßVm§À`m
AmYmamZ| H$moëhmnya `oWo Ë`m§Mo ~r. E. d Eb². Eb². ~r. n`ªV {ejU nyU© hmoD$Z
{_aO `oW| g§ñWmZmÀ`m gaÝ`m`mYremÀ`m A{YH$mamda Vo A{Y{ð>V Pmbo. AË`§V
Y_©{Zð>, H$_©{Zð>, gË`{Zð> ~«m÷U Am{U {Z:ñn¥h Ý`m`mYre Agm bm¡{H$H$,
Agm Xamam, Agm AmXa Ë`m§À`m{df`t Ë`m H$mit {Z_m©U Pmbobm hmoVm.
Ë`m§À`m{df`t AmË`§{VH$ AmXamZ| d AmnwbH$sZ| ~mobUmao bmoH$ AmOhr AmT>iVmV.
Ë`m§À`m {Z:ñn¥hVoMo Am{U Ý`m`{à`VoMo {H$Ë`oH$ àg§J AOyZ{h bmoH$m§À`m ñ_aUm§V
gmR>dbobo AmhoV.
XodH$m`© d {nV¥H$m`© `m§gmR>r Ë`m§À`m Kar§ àg§JmZwgma `oUmè`m XmoZ _mZZr`
d¡{XH$m§_Yrb dmX Ë`m§À`m Ý`m`mgZmg_moa Ambm AgVm§Zm Ë`m XmoKm§Mr Mm§JbrM
H$mZCKS>Ur H$ê$Z dmX VS>OmoS>tZo {_Q>{dÊ`mg Ë`m§Zr ^mJ nmS>b|. Ë`m§À`m ZmVrÀ`m
~maemÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo EH$m J¥hñWmZ| dmOVJmOV Amhoa AmUbm. na§Vw Ë`m§À`m
Ý`m`mgZmg_moa Ë`m J¥hñWmMo H$m_ Mmby§ Agë`mZ| Ë`m Amhoamn¡H$s \$º$ IU-
Zmai Am{U hiX-Hw§$Hy AmJ«hmImVa ñdrH$mê$Z ~mH$sMm gd© Amhoa Ë`m§Zr naV
Ho$bm. Kat MmbV Amboë`m bú_rMm Aìhoa Ho$bm åhUyZ H$m§ht AmßV gwöX² ZmamO
Pmbo. nU Ý`m`XmZmÀ`m doit h| {df {O^oda ~gob, Vmo àg§J Z `mdm åhUyZM
öX`ñWmZ| Ë`m§Zm hr gX²~w{Õ {Xbr Agmdr. `mZ§Va H$m§ht H$mimZ| lr_§V Hw$éX§dmS>H$a
`m§À`m g§ñWmZm§Vrb H$m§ht {~H$Q> Ý`m`àH$aUt Ë`m§Mr Zo_UyH$ Pmbr d V| H$m_
g_mYmZH$maH$ nyU© Pmb|. lr_§V Hw$é§XdmS>H$a `m§Zr Ë`m§À`m H$m_{Jar~Ôb XoD§$
Ho$bobm _ohZVmZm Ë`m§Zt gm^ma d gmXa ZmH$mabm. AmnU lr_§V {_aOH$a
gaH$mam§À`m god|V Amhmo§V d Ë`m§À`m Amkodê$Z AmnU h| H$m`© Ho$b| åhUyZ Ë`m~Ôb
AmnU H$m§htM ñdrH$mê§$ eH$V Zmht, Ag| Ë`m§Zr H$idb|. nwT>| C^`Vm§ lr_§Vm§À`m
^oQ>r Pmë`mda lr_§V Hw$é§XdmS>H$am§Zr lr_§V {_aOH$am§À`m AZwkogh gwdU©_wÐm§{H$V
Amhoa Kat nmR>dbm. Voìhm§ Ë`m§Zr Vmo ñdrH$mabm Am{U nydu ZmamO Pmboë`m AmßV
gwöXm§Zm gm§{JVb| H$s¨ nhm hr Kat Ambobr bú_r H$er gd©g§_V Am{U n{dÌ
Amho!
{ZË`H$_© AmMê$Z Ý`m`mb`m§V Om`bm Ë`m§Zm WmoS>m Cera hmoV Ago.
lr_§V gaH$mam§Zm h| AmdS>Uma Zmht Am{U Ë`m§Mr ZmamOr hmoB©b, Ag| EH$m O~m~Xma
J¥hñWmZ| Ë`m§Zm gwM{db| Voìhm lr A§~m~mB©À`m Xodim§V amoO nwamU gm§{JVb| Va
M[aVmW© Mmby§ eHo$b Am{U {ZË`H$_©hr `Wmgm§J AmMaVm§ `oB©b, Ag| gS>oVmoS>
CÎma Ë`m§Zr {Xb|. na§Vw lr_§Vm§Zm Ë`m§À`m gXmMmamMr Am{U {Z:ñn¥hVoMr Mm§Jbr
OmUrd hmoVr åhUyZ ZmamOrMm àg§J H$Yr§M Ambm Zmht. CbQ> àmUr amdgmho~m§À`m
Kar§ ZdamÌm§V {ÌH$mi nyOm Ago, Ë`mdoit àgmXmgmR>t lr_§V EH$ {Xdg à{Vdfu
{Z`_mZo `oV AgV. hr àWm AOyZhr Mmby Amho.
ewMrZm§ Joho
Aem n{dÌ {nË`mÀ`m nmoQ>t S>m°. XmXm§Mm OÝ_ {XZm§H$ 23 OyZ 1892 `m
{Xdet Pmbm. Ë`m§À`m nyduMt XmoZ VrZ _wb| Jobobr§ Agë`mZ| Ë`mÀ`m _mVmoltZt
AZoH$ Zdggm`mg Ho$bo d lrH¥$noZ| Ë`m§Zm hm nwÌbm^ Pmbm hmoVm. Zdg\o$S>rgmR>t
XmXm§Mo ZmH$ COì`m ~mOybm Q>moMbob| hmoV|. _mV¥gyI _mÌ Ë`m§Zm \$ma {Xdg bm^bo
Zmht. _mV¥{d`moJmZ§Va Ë`m§À`m _mderZ| Ë`m§Mo g§JmonZ Ho$b|.
dS>rb H$moëhmnwat Agon`ªV XmXm ~mbnUt VoW|M hmoVo. Ë`m§Mm AmdmO
\$ma gwaob hmoVm. H$moëhmnwam§V Ë`mdoir§ JUn{V CËgdm§V lr. {nedrH$am§À`m
_oiçm§Vrb XmXm§Mr nX| bmoH$m§Zm \$ma AmdS>V. AemM EH$m àg§Jr VoWrb à{gÕ
gËnwéf H¥$îUgañdVr `m§À`m g_moa XmXm§Zr nX| åhQ>bt, Voìhm§ àgÞ hmoD$Z ñdm_tZt
Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m _m§S>rda ~gdyZ _wIt àgmX KmVbm Am{U Amnbr Q>monr XmXm§À`m
S>moŠ`mda KmbyZ Ë`m§Mo§ \$ma H$m¡VwH$ Ho$b|. gËnwéfmÀ`m `m H¥$nmàgmXmZ| nwT>rb
AmÜ`mpË_H$ OrdZmM| ~rOmamonU Ë`mdoit Pmb| Ag| _mZb| nm{hOo.
gmYZnyd©H$ OrdZ
n«mW{_H$ {ejUmZ§Va XmXm§Mo nwT>rb {ejU {_aO `oWrb àemb|V gwê$
Pmb|. Ë`m§À`m g§JrV H$bobm {_aOobm{h Mm§Jbr g§{Y {_imbr. ñZohg§_obZm§V
Pmboë`m "gw_{V' `m _amR>r ZmQ>H$m§V Am{U "àgÞamKd' `m g§ñH¥$V ZmQ>H$m§V
Ë`m§M| g§JrV d A{^Z`H$m¡eë` `m§Mr Ë`mdoir \$ma àe§gm Pmbr. _¡XmZr d
_Xm©Zr Ioim§V{h XmXm Mm§Jbo§ Va~oO hmoVo. Ë`m§Mo embo` {_Ì lr. {dZm`H$amd
gmR>o, lr. XÎmmon§V gadQ>o, lr. J§JmYan§V \$UgmiH$a, lr. bú_Uamd {gÞaH$a,
410 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 411

lr. VmË`m {eIao BË`m{XH$m§et Ë`m§Mo {_ÌËdmMo g§~§Y AIoan`ªV {Q>H$bo hmoVo.
"ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moYmMo' ~a|M hñV{b{IV lr. {gÞaH$a `m§Zt Ho$bob| Amho.
XmXm§M| _hm{dÚmb`rZ {ejU ~S>moÚmbm Am{U d¡ÚH$s` {ejU _w§~B©bm
J«±Q> _o{S>H$b H$m°boO_Ü`| Pmb|. Ë`m§À`m Jm`Z A{^Z` H$bm§Zm _hm{dÚmb`m§V{h
Adga {_imbm. g§e`H$„moim§Vrb ^mXì`m, Ìm{Q>H$m ZmQ>H$m§V {në`m Am{U EH$M
ß`më`m§Vrb Viram_ `m Ë`m§À`m ^y{_H$m_YyZ XmXm§À`m A§J^yV ZmQ>çJwU Am{U
{dZmoX `m§Mm à^md àH$em©Z| {Xgbm. ho JwU nwT>| Ë`m§Zr ^OZ- H$sV©Zm§V B©œagodogmR>t
am~{dbo. d¡ÚH$s` {ejU Mmby§ AgVm§ZmM Ë`m§Mm {ddmh ^moa g§ñWmZm§Vrb
_m_boXma lr. dmgwXodamd _hmOZr `m§Mr H$Ý`m, XwJm©~mB© `m§À`met Pmbm. 1922
gmbt XmXm S>m°ŠQ>a Pmbo Am{U Ë`mM dfu, n{hë`m XmoZ _wbtÀ`m nmR>rda nwÌàmßVrMm
bm^ Pmbm. S>m°. ^S>H$_H$a `m§À`m AmJ«hmZ| Am{U lr_§V {_aOH$a gaH$mam§À`m
Amerdm©XmZo§ 1923 gmbt XmXm§Zr {_aOog ImOJr XdmImZm ^S>H$_H$am§À`m
dmS>çm§V gwê$ Ho$bm.
{nV¥{d`moJ
`mM gw_mamg XmXm§Mo YmH$Q>o ~§Yy lr. ~m~wamd VWm {dZm`H$ XÎmmÌo`
àmUr `m§Mm {ddmh Pmbm. Ë`mZ§Va WmoS>çm {Xdgm§Zr Ý`m`mb`m§VyZ naV `oV
AgVm§Zm Xwnmat 11 À`m gw_mamg lr ~mbmOr _§{Xamg_moa N>mVr§V H$i `oD$Z
amdgmho~ Imbt ~gbo. {enm`mZ| Ë`m§Zm nmR>Hw$irdê$Z Kar AmUb|. d¡ÚH$s`
CnMmam§Zm AdH$me ZìhVmM. {_aOoMo n{hbo gaÝ`m`mYre, ñdH$V¥©ËdmZ| bmoH$Xamg
nmÌ Pmbobo amdgmho~ lrMaUt {dbrZ Pmbo. KamÊ`m§V H$moë`mnyadm{gZr
lr_hmbú_rMr AmamYZm Am{U XohnmV lr{dîUwñdê$n ~mbmOrg_moa hm _moR>mM
`moJm`moJ Zìho H$m`?
amOdmS>çmda hr dmVm© Jobr. lr_§V J[h§dabo d åhUmbo, ""g§ñWmZmMm
{eanoM Jobm.'' gaH$mañdmar bJoM XmXm§À`m Kar `md`mg {ZKmbr. H$moëhmnwaMo
EH$ _wËgÔr g‚mZ amOdmS>çmÀ`m dmQ>oda C^o hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr§ lr_§Vm§Zm Z_ñH$ma
Ho$bm. _moQ>ma Ë`m§Zm KoÊ`mgmR>r Wm§~br Voìhm§ Vo J¥hñW åhUmbo, ""gaH$maMo
gaÝ`m`mYre H$OmªV dmabo `m§Mo \$ma Xw:I dmQ>V|,'' bmIm§Mm nmoqeXm, MVwa,
JwUk amOmZ| `m CX²Jmam§Vrb B§{JV OmUb|. gaH$ma Ambo Voìhm§ Kamg_moa Vw\$mZ
JXu hmoVr. nm`CVma hmoD$Z lr_§V Kam§V Ambo. Amnë`m g§ñWmZÀ`m {Xd§JV
gaÝ`m`m{YemM| Xe©Z KoÊ`mgmR>t Vo ImobtV Ambo Voìhm§ {_eZar S>m°ŠQ>a
ìhobgmho~ B§OoŠeZ XoÊ`mÀ`m V`mar§V hmoVo. lr_§Vm§Zt {dMmab|, ""S>m°ŠQ>a, `mMm
{Z{üV Cn`moJ hmoB©b H$m`?'' S>m°ŠQ>aMr _mZ ZH$mamWv hbbr Ag| nmhÿZ V|
åhUmbo, ""_J earamMr {dQ>§~Zm H$ê§$ Z`o.''
Vofm§ {ZË`m{^`wº$mZm§ `moJjo_§ dhmå`h_²
nwT>rb g§ñH$ma gwê$ Pmbo. _hm`mÌm {ZKÊ`mnydu lr_§Vm§Zt XmXm§Zm EH$sH$S>o
KoD$Z gm§{JVb| H$s ñ_emZmVyZ naVVm§Zm àW_ amOdmS>çm§V ^oQy>Z Omd|. H$maUmMm
H$m§htM Iwbmgm Zgë`mZo XmXm ~wMH$ù`m§V nS>bo, nU Amkoà_mU| Vo amOdmS>çmda
Jobo Voìhm§ amdgmho~m§Zm Agboë`m H$Om©Mm gd© {heo~ Xhm {Xdg hmoÊ`mnydu boIr
H$idm, Ag| Ë`m§Zm gm§JÊ`mV Ambo|. Xhm {Xdgm§V H$O© {\$Q>ob|M nm{hOo Agm
lr_§VmMm {ZYm©a hmoVm.
A§H$bImon `oWrb gmdH$ma lr. JmoJQ>o d amdgmho~ àmUr `m XmoZ
KamÊ`m§Mo nañnamet BVHo$ AmnwbH$rMo g§~§Y AgV H$s¨ EH$_oH$m§À`m {dMmam{edm`
Ë`m§M| H$moUV|{h H$m`© hmoV Zgo. lr AÊUmgmho~ JmoJQ>o `m§Zm XmXm Amnbo dS>rb
~§Yw _mZrV AgV. lr_§Vm§Mr Amkm XmXm§Zr AÊUmgmho~m§Zm H$i{dbr. H$maU
Kam§Vrb n¡em§À`m ì`dhmamMr XmXm§Zm H$m§htM _m{hVr Zgo, CbQ> amdgmho~m§À`m
Am{W©H$ AmoT>KñVrMr AÊUmgmho~m§Zm nyU© _m{hVr hmoVr. Jm§dm§Vrb JmoaJar~m§Mm
amdgmho~m§da EdT>m {dœmg hmoVm H$s¨, gwa{jVVogmR>t ht _§S>ir Amnbm n¡gm-
AS>H$m d XmJ-Xm{JZo amdgmho~m§Odi R>odrV. àË`oH$mÀ`m nwaMw§S>rV ~m§YyZ `m
R>odr Ë`m§À`m Kam§V R>odboë`m AgV. Vgo§M Ë`m§À`m nVrda ~mOmam§Vrb IaoXr
AJa hmVCgÝ`m aH$_m§Mrhr Zm|X R>odbobr Ago. AÊUmgmho~m§Zr gdmªÀ`m R>odr
Am{U XoUt XmoZVrZ {Xdgm§V ^mJdyZ àË`oH$mH$Sy>Z boIr nmdË`m KoVë`m d gd©
{hemo~mM§o Q>m§MU KoD$Z Vo amOogmho~m§Zm ^oQ>bo Am{U amdgmho~m§À`m H$Om©~m~V
lr_§Vm§À`m Amkoà_mU| EHy$U XoU| {H$Vr Amho?'' AÊUmgmho~m§Zt CÎma {Xb|,
""AmO{_Vrg H$mhtht XoU| {e„H$ Zmht.'' lr_§VmZt CÎmamMm AW© AmoiIbm. Vo
åhUmbo, ""åhUOo Vwåhr gdmªMr XoUt ñdV: ^mJ{dbtV. nU `mMm boIr nyamdm
H$m`?'' AÊUmgmho~m§Zr gdmªÀ`m nmdË`m Am{U EHy$U {hemo~mM| {Q>nU nwT>| Ho$b|.
V| nmhÿZ lr_§Vm§Zr Amkm Ho$br, ""gmdH$ma JmoJQ>o `m§Zr {Xboë`m {hemo~mMr a¸$_
AmOÀ`m AmO MwH$Vr ìhmdr.'' Z§Va Vo AÊUmgmho~m§Zm åhUmbo, ""Vwåhr gdm©M|
412 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 413

XoU| ^mJ{dë`mZ| Am_M| H$m_ gmon| Pmb|. Amåhm§bm \$º$ EH$mM gmdH$mamMm
{heo~ ^mJdyZ amdgmho~m§Mo gwVH$ g§nÊ`mnydu Ë`m§Zm F$U_wº$ H$aVm§ Amb|. `m_wi|
Amåhm§bmhr \$ma g_mYmZ dmQ>b|.''XmXm§Zr hr hH$sH$V AZoH$Xm gm§{JVbr hmoVr.
gXmMmar ^º$mMo g§H$Q> {ZdmaU H$aÊ`mMr B©œamMr Vèhm AVŠ`© Amho!
_r _mPr`m§ _OH$S>o AmUmo{Z Kmbr !!
`m n«g§JmZ§Va ZdamÌmÀ`m CËgdmÀ`m IMm©Mr VOdrO H$er H$amdt hr
qMVm bmJbr hmoVr. AJXt EoZ doit naJm§dMm EH$ lr_§V é½U XmXm§Mo§M Am¡fY
KoÊ`mMm AmJ«h Yê$Z Ambm Am{U Am¡fYmgmR>t Ë`mZ| {Xboë`m aH$_oZo CËgd
ì`dpñWVnU| nma nS>bm. XmXm ^{º$_mJm©H$S>o Á`m àg§Jm§Zt AmoT>bo Jobo Ë`m§n¡H$s¨
ho XmoZ àg§J daModa Ë`m§À`m ~mobÊ`mV `oV AgV.
Eadr§ XmXm d¥ÎmrZ| AmZ§{X, n«o_i, {dZmoXr AgV. g§Ü`mH$mit Vo Šb~m§V
OmV. {_Ìn[admam§V H$mì`emó{dZmoXmÀ`m MM}V a§JV. Ë`m§Zm ZmQ>H$m§Mr AmdS>
\$ma, JmÊ`m~OmdÊ`m§V _¡\$btV Vo a§JyZ OmV AgV. nU d{S>bm§À`m {Z`m©UmZ| Vo
EH$X_ J§^ra Pmbo. g§gmamMm ^maht Ë`m§À`mda EH$X_M nS>bm hmoVm. Ë`m§Zm
PmonÊ`mnydu amÌt dmMZmMr gd` hmoVr. _ZmMr Aer J§^ra AdñWm AgVm§Zm
EH$m amÌt EH$ AÜ`mpË_H$ J«§W-~hþYm Xmg~moY dmMmd`mg KoVbm. Vmo dmMVm§
dmMVm§ Pmon bmJbr. Xwgè`m {XdgmMm gy`© CJdbm Vmo AmË_à~moYmMt {H$aU|
XmXm§À`m A§Va§JmV CYirVM! Voìhm§nmgyZ Ë`m§Mr d¥{Îm hiy hiy§ ^{º$_mJm©H$S>o,
{Zd¥ÎmrH$S>o dibr. Mm§Jë`m g§ñH$mam§V amhÿZ Am{U ~mbnUtM gËnwéfmMr H¥$nm
A`m{MVnU| bm^yZhr _Z na_mWm©V a_md`mg d`mMt 31 df} bmoQ>bt. BVH$m
Cera H$m§ ìhmdm? gËH$_© \$bmoÝ_wI hmoÊ`mg, gËnwéfmZ| noabob| na_mW©-~rO
éOyZ Ë`mÀ`m d¥jmbm gX²^º$s¨M| \$b `oÊ`mght ""H$mbñVdmV²-àVrú`Vm_²Ÿ&''
""VwH$m åhUo VoW| Z Mbo Vm§VS>rŸ& àm{ßVH$mb KS>r Amë`m{dUoŸ&&''
VÌ V§ ~w{Õg§`moJ§@b^Vo nm¡d©Xo{hH$_²Ÿ&
XmXm§Zm AmÜ`mpË_H$ dmMZmMr JmoS>r bmJbr. Ë`m~amo~a _ZZ hmoD§$
bmJb|, {dMmam§M| _§WZ hmoD§$ bmJb|. g§JrVào_r {_Ì_§S>it~amo~a ^OZmMm \$S>
a§Jy bmJbm. Q>mi-nIdmOm§À`m gmWtV "O` O` am_ H¥$îU h[a' JOa gwê$
Pmbm. gd©lr ~§S>mon§V H$a_aH$a, ^mD$amd ndma, A§Xw~modm Jwad, Aßnm {XdoH$a
A{U AZoH$. lr_§VmÀ`m H$mZr dmVm© Jobr. lr_§Vm§Zr drUm XmXm§À`m Jù`mV
KmbyZ gm§{JVb|, ""_w»` h[aH$Wm {Zê$nU. V|M H$am.'' ~rOê$nmZ| Agbobo g§ñH$ma
AmH$ma Yê§$ bmJbo. H«$_mH«$_mZ| Xmg~moY, kmZoœar, EH$ZmWr ^mJdV Am{X J«§Wm§Mr
nmam`U| gwê$ Pmbt. amÌt ñdV:À`m Amogarda àdMZ Mmbo. Ë`m doir gd©lr
JUnVamd Omoer, VmË`m {eIa|, bú_Uamd ndma Am{U H$m§hr _§S>ir ldUmg
`oV AgV. Am{U gJù`m§V ZdbmMr Jmoï>, EH$ _wH$m lmoVmhr Ë`mV Ago - Q>m°_r
Hw$Ìr. àdMZmMr doi Pmbr H$s Vr AmoaSy§> bmJo. gmoS>ë`mda Vr R>aboë`m Im§~mOdi
~gyZ OmJoda OmB©. _wH|$ OZmda, nU Ë`mbmhr ldUmMr JmoS>r bmJbr hmoVr. hr
Hw$Ìr eodQ>r EH$mXerbm d¡Hw§$R>mg Jobr.
gVm§ g{Ø: g§J:Ÿ&
lr g_WmªÀ`m H$mit g_W©n§MH$ à{gÕ hmoV|; Ë`mM à_mU| lr.
AÊUmgmho~ JmoJQ>o, g§V Aßnm JwidUr, lr. VmË`m {XdoH$a, S>m°. Xoenm§S>o,
lr. ^mD$gmho~ _moKo Am{U `m gdmªMo dVw©im_Ü`o Am_Mo XmXm. XmoZ H$moH$UñW,
XmoZ XoeñW Am{U XmoZ H$èhmS>o Agm hm CnmgH$m§Mm fQ²>H$moZ V`ma Pmbm
hmoVm. `m gdmªZm EH$ ñZohgyÌm§V ~m§Ybo AÊUmgmho~m§Zr. AÊUmgmho~ åhUOo
XmXm§À`m AmÜ`mpË_H$ OrdZm§Vrb EH$ A{d^mÁ` KQ>H$. `m§À`m_wi|M AZoH$
gmYwg§Vm§Mm ghdmg XmXm§Zm d Ë`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§{~`m§Zm KS>bm. `m CnmgH$m§À`m
_oimì`m§Vrb àË`oH$ OU _moR>çm OmUË`m, Ádb§V {Zð>oMm Am{U S>moig lÕ|Mm
hmoVm. XmXm§À`m M[aÌmMm {dMma H$aVm§Zm `m§Vrb àË`oH$ ì`º$sÀ`m M[aÌmMm
WmoS>m~hþV ^mJ {dMmam§V ¿`mdmM bmJob.
1. lr. AÊUmgmho~ JmoJQ>o :-AË`§V ì`dhmaHw$eb, {heo~r Am{U
{M{H$ËgH$ ~wÜXtMo. na_mWmªVgwÕm§ {M{H$Ëgm Am{U {heo~rnUm Zoh_t àË``mg
`md`mMm. gmYwg_mJ_m§V XoIrb `mM B©œaXÎm ~w{Õgm_Ï`m©Zo AZoH$ Wmoa g§Vm§Mm
ghdmg Ë`m§Zm d Ë`m§À`m {_ÌdJm©g bm^bm. n. n. AdYyVñdm_r _hmamO
Zoh_t åhUV, ""_r Ho$di AÊUmgmho~m§À`m ào_mgmR>r§M `m àm§VmV Ambm|''.
2. S>m°. Xoenm§S>o :- `m§Mm _yi qnS> ^{º$^mJu ZìhoM. na§Vw lr
XÎmà^y§Mr BÀN>mM Aer H$s¨ Vo `m _mJm©H$S>o dimdo. Ë`m§À`m nËZrbm
414 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 415
·

{ZÐmZmemMm amoJ OS>bm. d¡ÚH$s` CnMma WH$bo. hdmnmbQ>mH$[aVm§ lrjoÌ
Am¡Xw§~a `oW| Ambo. Xodmda {dœmg åhUyZ Zìho. na§Vw lrJwê$M[aÌ gßVmh
dmMë`mg ~a| dmQ>ob, nhm H$ê$Z, Ag| H$mht {hVqMVH$m§Zr gm§{JVb| d Ë`m§Zthr
nmhÿ§`m H$ê$Z Aem gXam§V gßVmh H$a{dbm. dmMZ EoH$Vm§ EoH$Vm§ _§S>ir Kmoê$
bmJbr. AJXr {Zdm§V Pmon. S>m°ŠQ>am§Zm Amü`© dmQ>b| d H«$_mH«$_mZo Vo nyU©
B©œa{Zð> ~Zbo.
3. g§V Aßnm JwidUr :- n§T>arÀ`m dmarMm {Z`_. XodmOdi _mJU|
h|M ""Ho$bm Zo_ Mmbdr _mPm'' Am{U lÕm Aer ""dmar MwH$m| ZoXr h[a''.
AJXt hmS>mMo dmaH$ar. O~aXñV nmR>m§Va. Jmoï>r gm§Jmì`mV Ë`m Aßnm§ZtM. doXm§VmM|
gma Jmoï>rV ^abob| Agm`Mo.H$ê$Uag Agmo, ^{º$ag Agmo, draag Agmo ZmhtVa
l¥§Jmaag Agmo, AJXr a§JyZ OmV AgV. lmoVo Am{U dºo$hr!
4. lr. VmË`m {XdoH$a :- a§J Jmoam, gVoO S>moio, Ho$g d XmT>r dmT>bobr,
AJXr doXH$mbrZ F$frM {Xgmd`mMo. \$ma em§V ñd^md, amJ _mhrVM ZìhVm
Ë`m§Zm. EH$Xm§ AÊUmgmho~ JmoJQ>o Ë`m§À`mH$S>o ^moOZmg hmoVo. Oodm`bm ~gë`mda
VmË`m åhUmbo ""AÊUm, Am_M§ Hw$Qw>§~ åhUOo bmIm§V EH$. _mP| na_ ^m½` åhUyZ
Aer gmo~V _bm {_imbr.'' AÊUm§Zr Ë`m§À`mH$S>o nm{hb| ""Ahmo, Vw_À`m gmaIm
nmhþUm Ambm H$s¨ bmoH$ \$ma Va n§MnŠdmÞ| H$aVrb. nU Vwåhr _mPo àmU{à` {_Ì,
AJXr _mZgrMo amOh§gM. Vw_À`m ñdmJVmgmR>t Am_À`m Hw$Qw>§~mZ| AmO _moË`m§Mr
MQ>Ur Ho$br Amho. nhm ~a§ {VMr Ho$dT>r lÕm Amho Vr.'' ho eãX EoH$ë`m~amo~a
Ë`m§À`m nÎZrZ| H$mZmbm hmV bmdyZ nm{hb| Vmo§ IamoIarM Hw$S>rMo _moVr Zmhr§V!
Ë`m§Zm dmB©Q> dmQ>b| Am{U S>moio ^ê$Z Ambo Ë`m§Mo. VmË`m åhUmbo, ""dmB©Q> H$m§
dmQy>Z KoVog. Vy§ ñd`§nmH$m§V BVH$s V„rZ Pmbr hmoVrg H$t Vwbm `mM| ^mZ{h
Zmhr§. Aer V„rZVm B©œamÀ`mR>m`r Agmdr. _moVr Xwgao AmU§y.'' Xwgam _mUyg
AgVm Va \$ma amJdbm AgVm AJXt AÊUmgmho~ XoIrb.
5. lr. ^mD$gmho~ _moKo :- gmVmam `oWrb H$moQ>m©V g~² a{OñQ´>maMr
ZmoH$ar H$arV AgVm§Zm Jwê$M[aÌmM| {Z`{_V dmMZ Mmby§ Ag|. ñd^mdmZ| J§^ra
Am{U lÕm \$ma Imob. lr Jwê$XÎmmOdi _mJU| EdT>oM H$s¨ Or{dV Agon`ªV
Jwê$M[aÌmM|§ dmMZ Mmby§ ahmd|. lrJwê§$Zr Ë`m§Mr hr H$m_Zm nyU© Ho$br.
^{º$Z^m§Vrb ho gd© VoOñdr Vmao XmXm§À`m AmYtM AñVmbm Jobo.
gËg_mJ_
Aet hr gd© EH$ {XbmMr _mUg| dfm©VyZ EH$ XmoZ doim H$moR>|o Var `mÌog
OmV AgV. H$m`©H«$_ S>m°. Xoenm|S>o R>adrV d ì`dñWm AÊUmgmho~m§À`mH$S>o Ago.
gd©OU {_aOog O_V d VoWyZ `mÌm {ZKo. EH$Xm§ gd©OU JmUJmnwat Jobo hmoVo.
CÔoe nwT>o| Hw$adnwat OmÊ`mMm hmoVm. Ë`mdoit lrjoÌt Vob§JUm§Vrb EH$ g§Ý`mgr
hmoVo. Vo lrjoÌt Ambo Voìhm àW_ Ë`m§Mr H$moUr{h dmñVnwg Ho$br Zmhr. na§Vw
^º$H$s{V©{ddY©Z hr à^y§Mr {~ê$Xmdbr! à^y§Zr ñdm_tÀ`m ñdê$nm§V godoH$è`m§Zm
Am{U nwOmè`m§Zmhr Ñï>m§V XoÊ`mg gwadmV Ho$br. `emdH$me ñdm_rOtMm {H$VugwJ§Y
Xadiy§ bmJbm. AÊUmgmho~m§Zr n{hë`mM ^oQ>tV ñdm_rOtMr H¥$nm g§nmXZ Ho$br
d Ë`m§À`mgh gd©OU Hw$adnwat _mJ©ñW Pmbo. joÌmonmÜ`m`m§Zr AÊUm§Zm {dZ§{Vnyd©H$
gm§{JVb|, ""bm¡H$am§V bm¡H$a ñdm_tZm `oW| naV nmoMdm.''
Ë`mdoir Hw$adnwam§V XÎmà^y§À`m na_^ŠV "gm~mOr' hmoË`m. Ë`m n. n.
dmgwXodmZ§X gañdVtÀ`m AmYtnmgyZM VoW| godog am{hboë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m§M| ào_i
^OZ EoH$Ê`mMm `moJ `m _§S>itZm Ambm. `oWrb EH$ hH$s¨H$V \$ma öX`ñneu
Amho. EH$m gmYH$mZ| `oW| amhÿZ lr Jwê$M[aÌmMr hñV{b{IV àV V`ma Ho$br
hmoVr. EH$ g§Ý`mgr `oW| `oVrb Ë`m§À`m hmVyZ nmoWrMm àgmX ¿`mdm Agm Ñï>m§V
Ë`m gmYH$mg Pmbobm hmoVm. VoWrb nwOmar do. Ho$ed^Q>OrH$S>o Ë`m§Zr Mm¡H$er
Ho$br Voìhm§ {_aOohyZ S>m°ŠQ>a _§S>ir `oV Agë`mM| Ë`m§Zm H$ibo. g§Ý`mem~Ôb
H$m§ht H$ib| ZìhVo. nU Amboë`m _§S>ir~amo~a EH$ X§S>Ymar `{V AmhoV Ag|
nmhÿZ Ñï>m§VmMr à{MVr Ambr. ñdm_tZr Amnë`mH$S>o {^jog `md| Aer Ë`mMr
AmJ«hmMr {dZ§{V àW_ `m _§S>itZt ZmH$mabr. na§Vww nwOmè`mH$Sy>Z Ñï>m§VmMr gd©
hH$sH$V H$ië`mda lrñdm_rOr Ë`m§À`mH$S>o {^jog Jobo. ^º$H$m_H$ënÐþ_
XÎmà^y§ZtM hm àg§J KS>dyZ AmUbm Agob H$m ?
Ago AZoH$ àg§J JmR>r nS>Vm§ nS>Vm§ lÕoÀ`m Jm§R>r ÑT>Va hmoV Joë`m.
`mM gw_mamg ñZoøm§À`m à`ËZm§_wi| XmXm§Zm Cng§KMmbH$ËdmMr O~m~Xmat
ñdrH$mamdr bmJbr. VWm{n am. ñd. g§KmMo H$m`© VËnaVoZ| H$arV AgVm§Zmhr
Ë`m§À`m AmÜ`mpË_H$ AmMma{dMmam§V _witM \$aH$ nS>bm Zmht. V| `Wmnyd© Mmby§M
am{hbo. na§Vw lrJwê$H¥$noM| {e¸$m_moV©~ AOyZ ìhmd`mM| am{hbo hmoVo.
416 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 417

Jwê$H¥$nm
XmXm§Mo ñZohr lr. dm_Z~modm ~«÷Mmar `m§Zr H$ë`mU _m{gH$mVrb EH$
boI dmMbm. na_nyÁ` lr. JwidUr _hmamOm§Mm "e{º$nmVgo AmË_gmjmËH$ma'
hm boI d gd© _m{hVr Ë`m§Zr AÊUmgmho~ JmoJQ>o `m§Zm H$i{dbr. AÊUmgmho~
nwÊ`mg XmIb Pmbo d lr. JwidUr _hmamOm§~amo~a `mg§~§Yr MMm© H$ê$Z _mJ©Xe©Z
H$aÊ`m~Ôb Ë`m§Zm {dZ§{V Ho$br. lr XÎmà^yOdi AÊUm§Mm d{ebm \$ma _moR>m.
lr. JwidUr _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm n. n. bmoH$ZmWVrW© `m§Mo Xe©Z KS>{dbo. ñdm_rOt
Voìhm| nwÊ`mVM hmoVo. EH$m Ñï>rjonm§VM AÊUmgmho~§mMr `mo½`Vm ñdm_r§OrZr
AmoiIbr d Xwgè`m {Xder àmV:H$mbr AÊUmgmho~ XrjoZ| H¥$VmW© Pmbo. hm
Jwê$H¥$noMm agJw„m MmIVm§Zm AÊUm§À`m _Zm§V ~mH$sÀ`m n§MH$S>rM| ñ_aU Pmbo|
AgobM. Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m AZw^dm§Mr qXS>o {_aOog XmXm§À`m g_moa Imobbt. nwT>o|
g§K{ejmdJm©gmR>r nwÊ`mg Jobo AgVm§Zm XmXm lr. JwidUr _hmamOm§À`m godog
ê$Oy Pmbo. Ë`mZ§VaMr Jwê$ÛmXer Pmë`mda Am¡Xw§~a joÌmOdirb A§H$bImon `oWo
lr. Aßnm g§V, dm_Zmo~m Am{U XmXm lr. JwidUr _hmamOm§H$Sy>Z Xrjm§{H$V Pmbo.
Ë`m doionmgyZ AmOn`ªV dmS>rg OmVm§ `oVm§ Jwê$ÛmXerÀ`m gw_mamg lr. JwidUr
_hmamOm§Mm _w¸$m_ XmXm§À`m Kar {_aO|V hmoV AgVmo.
nma_m{W©H$ A{YH$ma
XmXm§Mr Ooð> H$Ý`m gm¡. _ZyVmB©Zm Ë`m§À`m XrK© AmOmam§V XmXm§À`m
gËg§JmMm bm^ Pmbm d AI§S> Zm_OnmMo _hËd H$iyZ Vg| AZwð>mZhr KS>b|.
""Xoh Zœa Amho. Vmo H$Yt Var OmUmaM. åhUOo Xoh `oW| Q>mHy$Z XohmMm Ah§H$mar
OmV AgVmo. Vmo A{dÚmonmYrZ| `wº$ Agë`mZ| Ë`mg Ord hr g§km àmßV Pmbr.
Cnm{Ya{hV Ord hm _yi ~«÷ñdê$nM Amho.'' ho VËdkmZ {Za{Zamù`m CXmhaUm§Zr
Am{U Xmg~moY, kmZoœar BË`m{X J«§Wm§À`m ldUmZ| g_Oë`mda d¥{Îm lrH¥$îUMaUt
a§JyZ Jobr. "O`mgr CnmgZm O¡grŸ& VoUo ^Omd| Amnwë`m XodmgrŸ& {Z{XÜ`mg
bmJ{b`m Zo_ogrŸ& gmjmËH$a hmo`'Ÿ&& hr g_W©dmUr Iar Pmbr. lrH¥$îUmM|
Ë`m§Zm gJwU ñdê$nm§V Xe©Z Pmb|. eodQ>À`m amÌt XmXm§Zm _wÔm_ Odi ~mobmdyZ
Ë`m§À`m ZrQ> bjm§V `oB©b BVŠ`m ñnï> eãXm§V Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVbo. ""_r, Vwåhr, h|,
V| dJ¡ao H$m§hr Zmhr.'' doXmÝVmM| gmadmŠ` `mM AWm©M| Amho. ""Zoh ZmZmpñV
qH$MZŸ&'' hm Amnbm AZw^d Ë`m gm§JV hmoË`m. XmXm§À`m {ZË` dmMZmMm à^md
Ë`m§À`m AmV©^º$sÀ`m ^y{_H|$V Agm ê$Obm. `mhÿZ loð> AZw^d AÜ`mË_m§V Zmhr
Am{U `m AZw^dmMr àMr{V AmUyZ XoUmè`mhÿZ OmñV _moR>m gËnwê$fhr Agy eH$V
Zmhr.
n. ny. AdYyVñdm_r _hmamO VWm n. ny. e§H$amZ§XVrW© `m§À`met XmXm§Mm
àW_ n[aM` AÊUmgmho~m§_wioM Pmbm. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Mo XmXm§da BVH|$ ào_ OS>b|
H$s¨ à{Vdfu _{hZm XmoZ _{hZo Ë`m§Mm _w¸$m_ XmXm§À`m Kar hmoV Ago. Ë`m§M| dmñVì`
Ago Voìhm§ XmXm§À`m Kat Xgam {Xdmir Agm`Mr. amoO {_ï>mÞ ^moOZ Am{U H$_©-
CnmgZm-doXmÝV-^{º$ `m§darb MM}Mr _oOdmZr. hm H«$_ {H$Ë`oH$ df©o Mmby hmoVm.
Ë`m§À`m g§JVrV Hw$adnwa, Jê$S>oœa, Ymaoœa Aem XyaÀ`m `mÌm{h _moR>çm
_oimì`m{Zet Pmë`m. lrZ¥qghdmS>r, Am¡Xw§~a `oWrb `mÌm d _w¸$m_ Va AmR>dS>çm
n§YadS>çmbm KS>V Ago. Ë`m§À`m gËg§JVrV gXmMmamM| àË`j {ejU gdmªZm
{_iV Ago. n. ny. AdYyVñdm_tZr ~«÷M`m©l_m§V Amnbo Jwê$ {eZmoaMo
lr_m¡Zrñdm_r `m§Mr EH${Zð> godm Ho$br hmoVr. Ë`m§Zr VrZ-Mma Z_©Xm n[aH«$_m
Ho$ë`m hmoË`m. "AOr{d Vmo Ì`: goì`m doXmÝVmo Jwê$arœa.' Ag|M Ë`m§Mo gd©
Am`wî` Job|. g_m{Yg_`t Ë`m§Mo d` gw_mao 130 dfmªMo Agmdo Ago A§XmOmZ|M
åhUmd| bmJVo. Eadt Ë`m§Mo OÝ_ñWmZ, OÝ_H$mi, nydm©l_rM| Zm§dgwÕm Ë`m§À`m
AJXr {ZH$Q>dVu`m§Zmhr H$Yt H$ib| Zmht ! 1967 gmbr H$merg OmD$Z Vo
{dœoœamer EH$ê$n Pmbo d Xoh J§Jmn©U Pmbm. n. ny. AdYyVñdm_tM| Am¡Xw§~a
`oWrb loð> A{YH$ma {eî` n. ny. Zmam`UmZ§XVrW© `m§Zr ñdm_tÀ`m 8, 9 d 10
ì`m {Xder§Mr AmamYZm Am{U Ë`m§À`m nwÊ`{VWrbm VrW©nyOm A¡mXw§~a `oW| XmXm§H$Sy>Z
H$a{dbr.
^º$sMr narjm
lrXÎmà^yÀ`m _Zm§V gX²^º$mMr H$gmoQ>r nmhmdr Ag| Amb| Agob
""am_ Ono Ë`mM| {MÎm nmhVmoŸ& On H$[aVm§ erU `oVmoŸ& {dH$ën A§Var
àdoeVmoŸ& Var T>io Zm _oê$ O¡gmŸ&&'' nU XmXm§À`m {MÎmd¥ÎmrV AmVm
{dH$ënmbm àdoe {_iU| eŠ` ZìhV|. g§H$ën{dH$ënm§M| I~S>~ ZmhtM|
hmoD$Z _Zmo^y{_ AJXr g_mZ Pmbr hmoVr. _J hm H$gbr H$gmoQ>r nmhUma?
gZ 1948 gmbt _hmamï´>m^a ~«÷d¥§Xmda Ambob| g§H$Q >! Ka| Xma| ^ñ_gmV²
hmoV hmoVt. {_aO Ë`m§V AndmX H$g| R>amdo ? Ë`m§VyZ XmXm g§KMmbH$ ! Vo
amhmV Agbobm S>m°ŠQ>a ^S>H$_H$am§Mm dmS>m OiyZ ImH$ Pmbm. gwX¡dmZo XmXm
{_aO|V ZìhVo. lr. n. ny. AdYyV ñdm_r~amo~a _w§~B©V Jobo hmoVo- _wÔm_ AmJ«hmZo
Ë`m§Zm Zobo hmoVo. Kar hmoË`m gm¡. AmB©gmho~ Am{U Ë`m§À`m XmoZ bhmZ ZmVr.
418 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 419

Ë`m§Zm _moR>çm eWuZo dmS>çm~mhoa H$mT>b|. Xod ~amo~a ¿`mdo Aer Ë`m§Mr BÀN>m.
nU ~amo~aMo bmoH$ åhUmbo, ""AmB©gmho~, àmU AmYt dmMdm, Xod Xwga| KoD§$'' Xoh
Xwgam YmaU Ho$ë`mM| Eo{H$dm§V Amho. nU Xod Xwgam! AeŠ`M. VrZ _Obr dmS>m
OiyZ ^ñ_ Pmbm. Ë`mVyZ H$m` am{hbo Agob ~a| ? H$m` amhUma ? amI Am{U
H$moigo. na§Vw Ë`m A{¾{Xì`mVyZ gwa{jV am{hbr Vr ~«÷ Am{U _m`m! lrXÎmà^y§À`m
nmXwH$m Am{U lr OJX§~oMr _yVu AJXt gmb§H$ma. H$er am{hbr Agob ~ao Vr ?
B©œar _m`|M| H$m¡VwH$ ~«÷m{XH$m§ ZoUdo.
g§nÎmm¡M {dnÎmm¡M _hVm_oH$ê$nVm
XmXm _w§~B©hÿZ naV Ambo. gJio ì`dhma `Wmnyd© Mmby§ Pmbo. d¥ÎmtV
H$m§hr§hr Mb{~Mb Zmht. EHo$ {Xder gm¡. AmB©gmho~m§Zr àíZ Ho$bm, ""AmOn`ªV
Ho$boë`m B©œa godoM| h|M \$b H$m` ?'' nmZ Hw$Q>Vm§ Hw$Q>Vm§ XmXm hgbo Am{U Ë`m§Zr
EH$ Jmoï> gm§{JVbr. AOw©ZmZ| AgmM àíZ lrH¥$îUmbm {dMmabm hmoVm .... Jmoï>
g§nbr. gd©OU ^mamdyZ Jobo. V§~mIyMr {M_yQ> Vm|S>mV Q>mH$Vm§ Q>mH$Vm§ XmXm gm¡.
AmB©Zm åhUmbo, ""hm Zœa ngmam KoD$Z H$m Vy§ XodmH$S>o OmUma Amhog. A{¾àb`m§VyZ
Amnbr Cnmñ` XodVoMr _yVu {_imbr Zm ? _J Vr Amnë`m nmR>rer C^r Amho h|
{Z{üV g_O.''
nwÝhm§ ZdrZ Omo_mZ| Zdr _m§S>Ur gwê$ Pmbr. {~èhmS> Zd|, XdmImZm
ZdrZ, AJXr ^m§S>t, ~¡R>H$s, A§WéU|, nm§Kê$U| gwÕm ZdrZ. OUy§ H$mht Amn{Îm
AmbobrM ZìhVr BVŠ`m em§V {MÎmmZ| gd© ì`dhma Mmby Pmbo. ^mJmZJa
Am§XmobZmÀ`mdoir Am{U Z§Va g§K~§XrÀ`m doit Agm XmoZ doim H$mamdmg ghZ
H$ê$Z{h XmXm§Mr em§V, g_mYmZr d¥{Îm T>ibr Zmht. "g_mYmZ gmYy OZm§Mo{Z
`moJ|' gËg§JVtV {MÎmmda Pmbobo g§ñH$ma AmMaUm§V CVabo.
1956 gmbt XmXm§Mo YmH$Q>o qMa§Ord S>m°ŠQ>a Pmb| d Ë`m§Zr ñdV:Mm
ñdV§Ì XdmImZm {_aOog doJù`m dñVtV gwé Ho$bm. XdmImÝ`mMo CX²KmQ>Z lr.
JwidUr _hmamOm§Zr§ Ho$b|. Xwgam Amerdm©X AÊUmgmho~m§Mm. Am¡fY XoD$Z Ë`mM|
{~b AmnUmH$Sy>Z ¿`mdo Agm Ë`m§Mm AmJ«h. Ë`m§Zm Am¡fYmMm nobm ^ê$Z {Xbm.
Ë`m§Zr Am¡fYmMm KmoQ>m KoVbm d Vo _ZmnmgyZ hgbo. noë`m§V Mhm hmoVm!
ZdrZ XdmImÝ`mg gwédmV Pmë`mZ§Va H$m§ht {Xdgm§Zr AÊUmgmho~m§Zt EH$
~§X nmH$sQ> XmXm§Zm {Xb| d XdmImÝ`mbm EH$ df© nyU© Pmë`mda V| CKS>md| Ago
gm§{JVb|. nm{H$Q> CKS>ë`mda Ë`m§V AÊUm§Zt ^{dî` d g{XÀN>m {bhÿZ R>odë`mM|
AmT>ib|. EH$m dfm©V {Ma§Ordm§Mm O_ CÎm_ ~gob Am{U XmXm ì`dgm`mVyZ nyU©
{Zd¥Îm hmoVrb hr ^{dî` dmUr Iar R>abr. XmXm§Zt Am{U AÊUmgmho~m§Zt H$moH$Um§V
aå` {R>H$mUt EH$Ì amhÿZ B©œa god|V H$mb H§$R>mdm hr Ë`m§Mr g{XÀN>m _mÌ AYuM
g\$b Pmbr. H$maU Ë`mnyduM lr XÎmgodogmR>t AÊUm§Zr _hmà`mU Ho$bob| hmoVo!
ì`dgm`m§VyZ nyU© _wº$ Pmë`mZ§Va XmXm§Zr boIZ - dmMZ-_ZZ `m§V H$mbì``
H$ê$Z, nyduM _¡XmZ lr XÎm_§{Xam§V gwé Pmboë`m kmZgÌm§V _wº$ hñV| kmZXmZ
Ho$b|. lr XÎm_§{Xam§Vrb `moJdm{gîR>ç, XÎm_mhmËå`, Xmg~moY d eodQ>r _ZmMo
ûcmoH$ BVŠ`m J«§Wm§Mm lmoË`m§Zm AmZ§X bm^bm.
Xmg~moYmMo 13 d| nmam`U
XmXm§Mm gdm©V AmdS>rMm J«§W Xmg~moY Ë`mM| 13 d| nmam`U g‚mZJS>mda
H$amd| d Ë`mdoit AmoiIrMm CngJ© Z ìhmdm Aer Ë`m§Mr BÀN>m. AJXr Oê$arnwaV|
gm_mZ KoD$Z Vmngr doem§V nmam`U g_m{ßV XmgZd_rbm Pmbt - AJXt Ë`m§À`m
BÀN>oà_mU| H$moUr{h Ë`m§Zm AmoiIVm. nU XmgZd_rbm amÌt H$sV©ZmÀ`m doit
lr. Mm\$iH$am§ZtM Ë`m§Zm Z AmoiIbo d ñdV: eoOmat ~gdyZ Ë`m§Mr Mm¡H$er
Ho$br. Ë`m_wio S>m°ŠQ>a àmUr JS>mda AmhoV h| {d{XV Pmb|. Xwgè`m {Xder Omo Vmo
àH¥$VtÀ`m VH«$mar KoD$Z Ë`m§À`mH$S>o `oD§$ bmJbm! BÀN>oà_mU| AkmVdmgm§V nmam`U
nma nS>b|. Z§Va lr g_WmªZr Ë`m§Mr AmoiI bmoH$m§Zm {Xbr! hmM {Zamon g_OyZ
XmXm§Zr JS>mdê$Z _w¸$m_ hb{dbm.
VrW©`mÌm
_Ðmgbm Á`oð> {Ma§Ordm§À`m {~èhmS>r XmXm§Mm d gm¡. AmBªMm _w¸$m_
AgVm§Zm 1963-64 gmbm§V C^`Vm§Zt X{jUoVrb à_wI joÌm§Mr `mÌm Ho$br. `m
`mÌ|V lr. JwidUr _hmamOm§Mo {eî` lr. lrnmXamd VWm _m_m Xoenm§S>o `m§Mr
g§JV \$ma Cn`moJmMr Pmbr. VrW©{d{Ygh gd© `mÌm `Wmgm§J nma nS>br.
`mÌm H$ê$Z naV Amë`mda lr. JwidUr _hmamOm§À`m Amkodê$Z {ÌñWir
H$mer`mÌmhr KS>br. n. ny. AdYyV ñdm_r _hmamOm§Mm _w¸$m_ Z_©XoVrb ì`mg
~oQ>mda AgVm§Zm C^`§Vm H$Ý`mnwÌm§gh VoW| gËg§JVtV H$m§ht H$mi am{hbo hmoVo.
ì`mg ~oQ>mdatb AZgy`oÀ`m ñWmZmM| Xe©Z KoVm§Zm AmnU Amnë`m Iè`m Kar
Agë`mMm AmZ§X dmQ>bm, Ag| gm¡. AmB© gm§JV. Ë`m§Mo JmoÌ A{Ì Agë`mZo
420 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 421

AZgy`oM| ñWmZ h|M Amnb| Ia| Ka, Aer Ë`m§Mr lÕm hmoVr. XmXm§M| EH$ ñZo{h
lr. ~§S>mon§V nmoVZrg `m§À`m AmJ«hmZ| H$mí_raMm{h àdmg C^`Vm§Zr Ho$bm d naV
`oVm§Zm h[aÛma, F$frHo$e ht n{dÌ ñWmZ| nm{hbt.
OJX§~m _mbH$sÀ`m Kat Ambt
XmXm§À`m d{S>bm§Zr _gya gmoS>ë`mnmgyZ 1965 gmbm§n`ªV H$moUmbm{h
ñdV:À`m _mbH$sM| Ago Ka ZìhV|M. Vmo `moJ AmVm Ambm. Á`m Kat n. ny.
AdYyV ñdm_r _hmamOm§Mo àW_Xe©Z Pmb|, n. ny. JwidUr _hmamOm§Mm H¥$nmàgmX
Pmbm, ^OZàdMZmMr gwadm§V Á`m dmñVy§V Pmbr, Vr dmñVw XmXm§À`m {Ma§OrdmZt
{dH$V KoD$Z ZdamÌmoËgd \$ma WmQ>m§V Ho$bm. gdm©V g_mYmZ Pmb| Vo gm¡. AmB©Zm.
ñdV:M| Ka Pmb|. Ë`m§Mr lrOJX§~m _mbH$sÀ`m Kat Ambr.
{_aOoÀ`m àmMr§Z ^dmZr _§{Xam§V n§Mdrg df©o Aì`mhV ^OZ {Zê$nU|
MmbV. hr àWm XmXm§Zt d lr. ~moS>g `m§Zt gwê$ Ho$br hmoVr. Ë`m {Z{_ÎmmZ| `m
XmoKm§Mm gËH$ma Am{U Ë`m§À`m àdMZm§Mr Am{U {Zê$nUm§Mr J«§Wê$nmZ| à{g{Õ
ìhmdr `m hoVyZ| "{dÛV gËH$ma g{_{V' ñWmnZ Pmbr. `m gËH$mag_ma§^mMr g{dñVa
hH$sH$V "ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY' ^mJ n{hbm `m g{_VrZ| àH$m[eV Ho$boë`m nwñVH$m§V
Ambobt Amho.
OrdZgmWr
XmXm§Mm {_Ìn[adma \$ma _moR>m. {edm` g§KMmbH$ Agë`m_wi| Kat
gmaIr dX©i Agm`Mr. g§gmamMm hm gJim ^ma dmhm`bm Xwga| MmH${h Vg|M
^¸$_ hmoV|. H$moUrhr `odmoV, {H$Vrhr `odmoV, Am{U Ho$ìhm§hr `odmoV, gdmªMo ñdmJV
hgV_wImZ| H$ê$Z AmË_r`VoZ| AmXam{VÏ` H$amd| V| gm¡. AmB©gmho~m§ZtM. H$nmimda
AR>r qH$dm eãXm§V H$Qw>Vm H$Yt {XgbrM Zmht. nhmQ>o Mma dmOë`mnmgyZ amÌt
AH$am dmOon`ªV Ë`m§Mm IS>m nhmam gwê$ Agm`Mm. Amnna^mdmMm A^md hmM
Ë`m§À`m ñd^mdmMm ñWm`r^md hmoVm. XmXm§À`m nma_m{W©H$ OrdZm§Vhr gm¡.
AmB©gmho~m§Zt ~amo~arZ| gmW Ho$br. ""g§Vg_mJ_ AMm©Ÿ& gmamgma kmZMMm©Ÿ&
BVwH|$ Xo _Obm Xo _ObmŸ& _mJVgo h[a VwObmŸ&&'' hr XmXm§Mr _mJUr, ""g§V
J¥hmà{V `oVrŸ& ^{º$^md| eaU V`mà{VŸ& BVHo$ Xo _Obm Xo _ObmŸ& _mJVgo
h[a VwObmŸ&&'' hr AmB©gmho~m§Mr àmW©Zm. h|M _mJU| XodmOdi _mJyZ hr OmoS>r
OÝ_mg Ambr Agmdr Eadr Ago EH$Ord g§gma \$maM Šd{MV².
H¡$. gm¡. OmZH$s~mB© àmUr
ñdm_r{d`moJ| nihr J_oZmŸ&
VwOdrU am_m _O H§$R>doZmŸ&&
XmXm, Vw_À`m gwIr Am{U g_mYmZr OrdZmM| Ia| lo` gm¡. AmB©ZmM,
Ë`m§À`m gmo~Vr_wi|M Vw_Mm Eo{hH$ Am{U AÜ`mpË_H$ nW gwH$a Pmbm. ""ñd`§
n§MmZmZmo nwÌm¡ JOmZm - fS>mZZm¡Ÿ& H$nXu Vw H$W§ OrdXÞnwUm© J¥ho Z MoV²Ÿ&&
AmB©gmho~, h| gd©lo` VwåhmbmM, {Z:g§e` Vw_M|M. "^dmZr
ËdËnm{UJ«hUn[anmQ>r\$b{_X_².''
422 ñdmÜ`m` _Zmo~moY 423

gZ 1942 nmgyZ 1969 n`ªV gÎmmdrg df©o _mV¥{nV¥ ào_mMr CUrd
Á`m§Zt ^ê$Z H$mT>br Am{U h| eãXnmëhmi {bhÿZ KoVb| Ë`m H¡$. Vr. XmXm H¡$.
gm¡. AmB© `m§À`m MaUr hr dmŠnyOm g_n©U H$aVm§Zm dmMH$m§Zm {dZ§Vr EdT>rM H$s¨
""Yr ewÕ`¡ àmŠM[aVmW© Ef g§J¥øVo ñ\w$Q>:Ÿ&
àmk¡: àoú`mo@Ì VËgmamo Xn©Uo@ëno `Wm _R>:Ÿ&&
gd© nyOoÀ`m eodQ>t _§Ìnwînm§O{b g_n©U H$am`Mt AgVo. VXW© H¡$.
XmXm§À`m Á`oð> {Ma§Ordm§Zr Ë`mÀ`m A§VH$miÀ`m pñWVrM| öX`ñneu g[dñVa
{ZdoXZ Ho$b| Amho, Ë`m§VyZ EH$ CVmam `oWo CX²Y¥V H$aVmo.
gmjmËH$ma
""{M. AaqdXmZ| Vr. XmXm§Mo S>moH|$ _m§S>rda KoVb|. gd© e{º$ EH$dQy>Z,
WaWaVo hmV C§M H$ê$Z, XmoÝhr hmV OmoSy>Z Z_ñH$ma H$aÊ`mMm Vr. XmXm§Mm à`ËZ
Mmbbm hmoVm. S>moio KÅ> {_Q>bo Jobo. CKS>| Vm|S> ~§X Pmb|. Zwnojr H$Xm hr Ë`m§Mr
ImÌr hmoVr, lr XÎm_mD$brÀ`m Xe©ZmgmR>t AÅ>mhmg Mmby§ hmoVm. Ë`m
Cnmñ`_mD$brbm `m ^º$ ~mimMr H$m§ ~a| X`m `oUma Zmhr ? S>moù`m§V Xe©Z
Pmë`mMr gmj ào_mly§Zr nQ>dbr. A§Jmda AmZ§XmMo amo_m§M CR>bo. ""gX²J{XV
H§$R> XmQ>moŸ&& `oUo \w$Q>mo öX`Ÿ&& ZoÌt Oi dmhmo gXmŸ& AmZ§XmMo amo_m§MŸ& VwH$m
åhUo H¥$nmXmZŸ& BÀN>r _Z ho OmoS>rŸ&&'' Xodmbm {_R>r _maÊ`mMm hm gmohim gw_mao
EH$ {_{ZQ> eodQ>t Ë`m§À`m ^m|dVr Agboë`m§Zm nhm`bm {_imbm. gdmªZr Zm_mMm
_moR>çmZ| JOa Ho$bm. {M. AaqdX Ë`m§À`m COì`m H$mZm§V ""JwéXod XÎm'' hm _§Ì
Cƒm[aV hmoVm. Á`oð> ewÕ Xe_r eHo$ 1891 {X. 26 _o 1969 `m {Xdet Xwnmar
gmS>onmMÀ`m gw_mamg Vr. XmXm lrXÎmñdê$nt brZ Pmbo. Á`m§Zr Vr. XmXm§Mo OrdZ
OdiyZ nm{hb| Ë`m§ZmM Ë`m§À`m eodQ>rÀ`m H¥$VrMm AW© g_Oob. ""CnmgZoÀ`m
eodQ>tŸ& Xodm ^º$m AI§S> ^oQ>rŸ& AZw^dr OmUo§b Jmoï>tŸ& àË``mMrŸ&& `m
g_Wm©oº$sMr àMr{V {Xgbr. Á`mgmR>t EdT>m AÅ>mhmg Ho$bm hmoVm, Vmo eodQ>Mm
{Xdg Jwê$H¥$noZ| JmoS> Pmbm.''
› › ›
424 ñdmÜ`m`