Ecological, Social and Commercial Role of Lichens in India with ...

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Acdemia Arena 2010, Supplement 0201 http://www.sciencepub.net REFERENCES Kumar, B. and Upreti, D. K. An account of lichens on fallen twigs of three Quercus species in Chopta forest of Garhwal Himalayas, India. Annals of Forestry (2008), 15 (1):92-98. Kumar, B. Lichen species distribution, cover and fall in a Quercus semecarpifolia (J E Smith) forest of Garhwal Himalaya. Ph. D. Thesis (2008) HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), India. Shah, N.C. Lichens of economic importance from the hills of Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants (1997), 5: 69-76. Upreti, D. K. Loss of Biodiversity in Indian Lichen Flora. Environmental Conservation (1995) 22: 362-365. Upreti, D. K., P. K. Divakar, and Nayaka, S. Commercial and ethnic use of lichens in 167-India. Economic Botany (2005) 59(3):269 – 273. 105 Chapter-11
Acdemia Arena 2010, Supplement 0201 http://www.sciencepub.net LICHEN-MOSS HARVESTING PRACTICES AND THEIR MARKETING STRATIGY IN UTTARAKHAND, INDIA ABSTRACT: The present article is based on the concept of socioeconomic status of lichens (Kumar, 2009) and a compiled report of Appropriate Technology India, Ukhimath (Garhwal). Out of three auction sites of the State Ramnagar auction/ mandi (market) is the biggest market of lichen & moss followed by Tanakpur and Rishikesh. Traders of the mandi level are getting maximum profit from lichen & moss sector. Key Words: Lichen, Marketing, Uttarakhand State. INTRODUCTION Lichens are the unique group of plants that consists of two unrelated organism, a fungus and an alga, growing together in a close symbiotic association. The study of lichen remains quite neglected throughout the world, through they together with mosses from dominant organism in ecosystem covering 10% of the earth terrestrial habitats, particularly higher elevations (Nash & Egan, 1988). Kumar & Upreti (2008) and Kumar (2009) lichen exploitation is a common practice among the villagers and the rivals in moist temperate regions of the Western Himalaya to collect the lichens together with tree twigs as oak and other trees bears luxuriant growth of lichens. Upreti et al (2005) mentioned the members of the families Parmeliaceae and Physciaceae are the ones most exploited commercially and are recommended by inclusion in the CITES list. However, Kumar (2008) reported Parmelioid lichens are commercially trading lichens from Garhwal Himalaya i.e. Everniastrum, Parmotrema, Cetrariopsis, Bulbothrix, Hypotrachyna and Rimelia collected by rivals together with two fruticose genera, Ramalina and Usne. Within Uttarakhand State of India where the present study was carried out 75 species of Parmelioid lichens reported, of which 27% each are known in Mussooorie hills and Saryu river valley near Pindari Glacier area, 17.5% are in Chaubatia-Ranikhet followed by 12.1% and 10.8% in Nain Singh top en route to Milam Glacier and Chopta-Tunganath peak (Divakar & Upreti, 2005). 106
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