Ecological, Social and Commercial Role of Lichens in India with ...

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Acdemia Arena 2010, Supplement 0201 http://www.sciencepub.net T.O.A- Toluene 180ml, dioxane 60ml: 8- acetic acid. Three dimensional TLC has also been used to find out and determine lichen substances which are not detected by one directional T L C. Further sophistication has been achieved by the use of high performance chromatography (HPLC) and spectrometry. These techniques are much expensive and usually beyond the reach of an average lichenologist and therefore not detailed here. Key to the lichen genera of Chopta 1 Thallus leprose-crustose………………………………………… Group I 1a Thallus otherwise……………………………………………… 2 2 Thallus foliose…………………………………………………… GroupII 2a Thallus fruticose or dimorphic………………………………....... Group III Group I 1a Thallus leprose………………………………………………… 2 1b Thrallus crustose………………………………………………… 3 2a Thallus byssaceous or crustose leprose, yellow to yellowish green………………………………………………… Chrysothrix 2b Thallus leprose, bluish-white…………………………………… Lepraria 3a Thallus K + purple…………………………………………….. 4 3b Thallus K -…………………………………………………….. 5 4a Thallus orange above, brown black below……………………… Ioplaca 4b Thallus yellow to orange to red above, not brown black below… Caloplaca 5a Ascocarps perithecioid………………………………………….. 6 5b Ascocarps apothecioid………………………………………… 7 6a Spores simple, paraphyses gelatinized………………………… Verrucaria 6b Spores transversely septate, paraphyses simple…………………. Pyrenula 7a Apothecia periphecioid, disc opening by pore, apothecia immeresed in thalline verrucae………………………………... Pertusaria 7b Apothecial disc wide open apotheciod to elongate lirellate…… 8 39
Acdemia Arena 2010, Supplement 0201 http://www.sciencepub.net 8a Ascocarps resembling apothecia but ascolocular in nature, round to lirellate……………………………………………………… Opegrapha 8b Ascocarp true apothecia………………………………………... 9 9a Apothecia elongated - lirellate………………………………….. Graphis 9b Apothecia disc shaped………………………………………….. 10 10a Asci multi (64-100 or more) - spored, spores hyaline, small, thallus saxicolous……………………………………………… Acarospora 10b Asci 1-8 spored (rarely 12, 16, 32-spored)…………………… 11 11a Spores brown, typically 1 septate, thick celled……………… Buellia 11b Spores hyaline, simple………………………………………… 12 12a Spores large & distinctly thick celled, apothecia adnate sessile… Ochrolechia 12b Spore small, thin or thick celled………………………………... 13 13a Apothecia lecanorine…………………………………………… 14 13b Apothecia lecideine…………………………………………… 15 14a Apothecia initially innate, later plane emergent………………. Aspicilia 14b Apothecia emergent & sessile from the beginning……………. Lecanora 15a Thallus corticate, paraphyses branched & anotomosing……… Porpidia 15b Thallus ecorticate, paraphyses simple to purcate……………… Lecidea Group II 1a Perithecia immersed within the thallus………………………….. Dermatocarpon 1b Apothecia ± superficial, laminal or marginal…………………. Umbilicaria Group III 1a Thallus paronelioid or physcioid……………………………… 7 1b Thallus…………………………………………………………… 2 2a Photobiont blue green…………………………………………. 3 2b Photobiont green………………………………………………… 6 3a Photobiont not strtified, thallus homoiomerous………………… Leptogium 40
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