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Quick guide to ECG with CP 200™ Electrocardiograph

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<strong>Quick</strong> <strong>guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong> <strong>with</strong> <strong>CP</strong> 200 <br />

<strong>Electrocardiograph</strong><br />

Performing a 12 Lead Resting <strong>ECG</strong> Test<br />

1. Ensure good skin preparation for electrodes and correct lead placement for <strong>ECG</strong> leads.<br />

2. Turn on <strong>ECG</strong> machine <strong>with</strong> power but<strong>to</strong>n.<br />

3. Check <strong>ECG</strong> waveforms in <strong>ECG</strong> preview window. If desired, scroll through lead views.<br />

Scroll<br />

Au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong> Spirometry Rhythm <strong>ECG</strong> S<strong>to</strong>p/Cancel OK<br />

Au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong> Spirometry Rhythm <strong>ECG</strong> S<strong>to</strong>p/Cancel OK<br />

4. Press Au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong> key Spirometry <strong>to</strong> enter Rhythm patient <strong>ECG</strong>ID then S<strong>to</strong>p/Cancel select DONE OK<br />

• Next select grey key under PRINT message <strong>to</strong> generate prin<strong>to</strong>ut.<br />

Au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong> Spirometry Rhythm <strong>ECG</strong> S<strong>to</strong>p/Cancel OK<br />

OR<br />

5. Hold key for 3 seconds <strong>to</strong> bypass ID screen.<br />

Au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong> Au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong> Spirometry SpirometryRhythm Rhythm <strong>ECG</strong> <strong>ECG</strong>S<strong>to</strong>p/Cancel S<strong>to</strong>p/Cancel OK OK<br />

• 12 lead resting <strong>ECG</strong> test will au<strong>to</strong>matically prin<strong>to</strong>ut.<br />

Performing a 12 Lead Rhythm <strong>ECG</strong> Test<br />

1. Press key <strong>to</strong> start rhythm strip test.<br />

2. Press key again or key <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>p rhythm strip test.<br />

Always plug in <strong>CP</strong> 200 when not in use <strong>to</strong> charge battery.<br />

Welch Allyn Australia The Metro Centre, Unit 5, 38-46 South Street, Rydalmere NSW 2116<br />

Phone: 02 9638 3000 | Fax: 02 9638 3500 | www.welchallyn.com.au


EASY GUIDE<br />

To The<br />

<strong>CP</strong> 200


Section 1: Know Your Way Around The <strong>CP</strong>200<br />

A. Back of the machine<br />

• AC power inlet<br />

• AC fuses<br />

• Equipotential stud<br />

B. Right side of machine<br />

• Com port B (for USB cable)<br />

• SD memory card slot<br />

• Spirometry port<br />

C. Left side of machine<br />

• Paper tray latch<br />

D. Front side of machine<br />

• Com port A ( for patient cable)<br />

E<br />

Turning the machine off and on.<br />

To turn the <strong>Electrocardiograph</strong> on press<br />

To turn the <strong>Electrocardiograph</strong> off press<br />

If the Power-Save is enabled, the electrocardiograph turns off au<strong>to</strong>matically after several idle<br />

minutes.<br />

To Keep the Battery Charged<br />

Whenever possible, leave the <strong>ECG</strong> machine connected <strong>to</strong> AC power. Battery charge status is<br />

indicated on the screen by the battery icon . When the battery gets low, the icon flashes.<br />

When the charge gets <strong>to</strong>o low <strong>to</strong> operate, a warning message appears and the <strong>ECG</strong> machine<br />

beeps every 15 seconds for 1 minute, then it tuns off.<br />

On full battery power, you can print up <strong>to</strong> 100 <strong>ECG</strong>’s continuously before needing <strong>to</strong> recharge.<br />

Clinical Support November 06 Propaq Information


F The keyboard<br />

A. On/Off<br />

B. Backspace<br />

C. Menu<br />

D. Help<br />

E. Navigation arrows: - To move through the menus<br />

F. Enter<br />

G. Space<br />

H. Shift: - Capitalises letters<br />

I. Tab: - Moves through the data-entry fields<br />

J. Green LED: - Lights up when <strong>ECG</strong> is connected <strong>to</strong> AC power<br />

Clinical Support November 06 Propaq Information


G. Soft keys and function Keys<br />

Soft key But<strong>to</strong>ns<br />

These but<strong>to</strong>ns activate the functions<br />

Displayed on the screen above them.<br />

FUNCTION KEYS<br />

Au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong>: Begins an au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong><br />

Spirometry: Begins spirometry tests<br />

Rhythm <strong>ECG</strong>: Begins rhythm <strong>ECG</strong><br />

S<strong>to</strong>p/Cancel: S<strong>to</strong>ps any current activity<br />

OK: Accepts data that you have entered or chooses a highlighted<br />

item.<br />

H Recording a Normal Au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong><br />

1. Press the Au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong> key quickly.<br />

2. Enter or search for patient data.<br />

• If searching for a patient, go <strong>to</strong> Scheduled Patients List screen and choose a patient from<br />

the scheduled patients list.<br />

Clinical Support November 06 Propaq Information


• If you are entering a new patient then fill in all the fields and press the Done on the soft<br />

key.<br />

3. Verify the quality of the <strong>ECG</strong> on the screen. Press the soft keys under the screen menu options <strong>to</strong><br />

adjust the waveforms.<br />

4. Press Print <strong>ECG</strong><br />

I. Recording a Stat Au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong>.<br />

A stat au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong> is an immediate prin<strong>to</strong>ut that does not require you <strong>to</strong> enter a patient’s data.<br />

A temporary ID number is assigned <strong>to</strong> the patient <strong>to</strong> identify stat tests .This number is found on the <strong>to</strong>p<br />

left hand side of the prin<strong>to</strong>ut. After printing, you may enter the patient data by editing the test.<br />

1. Press and HOLD the Au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong> key<br />

2. Press the soft keys <strong>to</strong> adjust the waveforms<br />

The electrocardiograph begins requiring <strong>ECG</strong> data. After it has acquired 10 seconds of quality data, it<br />

prints a report.<br />

J. Recording a rhythm <strong>ECG</strong>.<br />

A rhythm <strong>ECG</strong> is a continuous, real-time prin<strong>to</strong>ut of a rhythm strip.<br />

Rhythm <strong>ECG</strong>s are prin<strong>to</strong>uts only. They cannot be saved or sent electronically.<br />

1. Press the Rhythm <strong>ECG</strong> key<br />

2. Printing will begin<br />

The screen displays 3 leads at a time from the leads currently printing: This can be set in the menus <strong>to</strong> 3,<br />

6 or 12 simultaneous waveforms.<br />

3. Press the soft keys <strong>to</strong> adjust the waveforms<br />

4. Press or <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>p printing.<br />

Clinical Support November 06 Propaq Information


K. Moving Through the Menus<br />

The main menu appears when you press the Menu key<br />

To move up and down a list use or on the navigation wheel.<br />

To open a standard menu use<br />

To perform an action<br />

To accept patient data use<br />

To move back through the menus use<br />

or zero key<br />

To mo ve through data-entry fields use<br />

To return <strong>to</strong> the <strong>ECG</strong> Previewscreen from a standard menu press<br />

Reviewing the device Configuration Settings (To change date and time)<br />

1. Press the Menu key<br />

2. Choose System Settings>Device Configuration.<br />

3. The Device Configuration Screen will appear<br />

Clinical Support November 06 Propaq Information


Scrolling through this menu allows you <strong>to</strong> change any of the desired settings.<br />

Whenever you want <strong>to</strong> get back <strong>to</strong> the main screen or are lost, press<br />

Getting Help<br />

The Help key<br />

can be pressed from the <strong>ECG</strong> previewscreen or Lead Off screen<br />

This but<strong>to</strong>ns allows you <strong>to</strong> print off information including:<br />

1. Au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong> testing<br />

2. Rhythm <strong>ECG</strong> testing<br />

3. Troubleshooting<br />

4. Accessories<br />

5. What is an <strong>ECG</strong>?<br />

6. Menu Navigation<br />

7. Spirometry<br />

Scheduled Patient List<br />

The scheduled patient list identifies up <strong>to</strong> 40 patients whose data has been entered in<strong>to</strong> the <strong>ECG</strong>’s<br />

memory for an <strong>ECG</strong> test that day. At midnight every night, the list is au<strong>to</strong>matically cleared.<br />

When performing Au<strong>to</strong> <strong>ECG</strong> tests, you may select patients from this list rather than manually entering<br />

their data at the time of the test.<br />

To view, edit or add <strong>to</strong> the scheduled patient list 1. Press the Menu Key<br />

2. Choose Scheduled Patients<br />

Clinical Support November 06 Propaq Information


3. Press the desired soft keys: Add, Delete, Exit.<br />

Loading Thermal Chart Paper<br />

• Squeeze the latch, pull the paper door <strong>to</strong> the left<br />

• Remove the outer packaging, including the cardboard bot<strong>to</strong>m, from a new pack of paper.<br />

• Pull the <strong>to</strong>p sheet back so that the paper’s grid side faces up and the Welch Allyn name is on<br />

the bot<strong>to</strong>m of the paper.<br />

• Slide the paper in<strong>to</strong> the tray.<br />

• Lay the <strong>to</strong>p sheet cover over the paper door. Push the door <strong>to</strong> the right until it clicks.<br />

• The first page will be ejected. When an <strong>ECG</strong> has been performed the paper will move <strong>to</strong> the<br />

next perforation.<br />

Cleaning the <strong>CP</strong> 200<br />

• To prevent the spread of infection, the <strong>ECG</strong> and patient cable must be kept clean.<br />

• Do not let soap or water come in<strong>to</strong> contact <strong>with</strong> the <strong>ECG</strong> internal printer, connec<strong>to</strong>rs or jacks.<br />

• Do not use alcohol directly on the equipment or soak any components in alcohol.<br />

• Wipe the exterior of the patient cable and <strong>ECG</strong> <strong>with</strong> a damp cloth using a mild detergent diluted<br />

in water.<br />

• Use 70% isopropyl alcohol <strong>to</strong> disinfect patient cable, lead wires and equipment.<br />

• Dry all components <strong>with</strong> a clean, soft cloth or paper <strong>to</strong>wel.<br />

• Wait at least 10 minutes <strong>to</strong> allow all traces of alcohol <strong>to</strong> evaporate before turning the <strong>ECG</strong><br />

machine back on.<br />

Clinical Support November 06 Propaq Information


Welch Allyn <strong>CP</strong> 200 <strong>Electrocardiograph</strong><br />

Information and Tips for TROUBLEFREE <strong>ECG</strong> Prin<strong>to</strong>uts<br />

1. Whenever possible, take the time <strong>to</strong> prep the skin before applying gel electrodes.<br />

e.g. shave the area or use an alcohol wipe.<br />

2. All 12 lead diagnostic <strong>ECG</strong> machines require a minimum of 10 seconds <strong>to</strong> capture<br />

sufficient data.<br />

3. For a quality <strong>ECG</strong> prin<strong>to</strong>ut, wait 10 seconds AFTER attaching leads <strong>to</strong> the patient prior<br />

<strong>to</strong> holding down the <strong>ECG</strong> key. Any artifact caused by <strong>to</strong>uching the leads will then be<br />

eliminated from your acquired <strong>ECG</strong> prin<strong>to</strong>ut.<br />

4. What does the “waiting 10 seconds for quality data” message mean?<br />

This means that the machine has not yet had 10 seconds <strong>to</strong> acquire a full 12 lead <strong>ECG</strong>...<br />

simply wait a few more seconds and the machine will generate a prin<strong>to</strong>ut.<br />

If the quality message does not disappear <strong>with</strong>in 10 seconds…<br />

The machine is detecting that a lead is off or picking up excessive artifact. Check the<br />

contact between the leads and the patient. If you are unable <strong>to</strong> improve the quality due<br />

<strong>to</strong> clinical conditions, press the enter key <strong>to</strong> override the quality message and the <strong>ECG</strong><br />

will simply print out.<br />

5. Remember that holding down the <strong>ECG</strong> function key before all leads have been attached<br />

for 10 seconds may result in an incomplete or poor quality 12 lead <strong>ECG</strong> prin<strong>to</strong>ut.<br />

Welch Allyn Australia The Metro Centre, Unit 5, 38-46 South Street, Rydalmere NSW 2116<br />

Phone: 02 9638 3000 | Fax: 02 9638 3500 | www.welchallyn.com.au


AHA Diagnostic <strong>ECG</strong> Electrode Placement<br />

The quality of an <strong>ECG</strong> is dependent on the preparation and<br />

the resistance between the skin and the electrode. To ensure<br />

a good quality <strong>ECG</strong> and minimize the skin/electrode<br />

resistance, remember the following points:<br />

1.) Ensure that the patient is warm and relaxed<br />

2.) Shave electrode area before cleaning<br />

3.) Thoroughly clean the area <strong>with</strong> alcohol<br />

4.) Let dry prior <strong>to</strong> applying electrode<br />

Resting <strong>ECG</strong><br />

RA and LA electrodes should be placed on the wrists.<br />

RL and LL electrodes should be placed a few inches above the ankle.<br />

Lead<br />

V1<br />

V2<br />

V3<br />

V4<br />

V5<br />

V6<br />

Electrode Placement<br />

Fourth intercostal space at<br />

the right border of the sternum<br />

Fourth intercostal space at<br />

the left border of the sternum<br />

Midway between locations<br />

V2 and V4<br />

At the mid-clavicular line in<br />

the fifth intercostal space<br />

At the anterior axillary line on<br />

the same horizontal level as V4<br />

At the mid-axillary line on the<br />

same horizontal level as V4 and V5<br />

For service or technical support, please call<br />

(800) 535-6663. For supplies, please contact your<br />

authorized Welch Allyn distribu<strong>to</strong>r.<br />

Advancing Frontline Care <br />

71300-0000 Rev. A


<strong>CP</strong> 200 Spirometry Option<br />

<strong>Quick</strong> Reference<br />

Caution — consult accompanying documentation.<br />

To Record an FVC Test<br />

1. Connect spirometer <strong>to</strong> electrocardiograph.<br />

2. Press .<br />

3. Enter or search for patient data (age, height, gender, race).<br />

4. Select effort and curve types.<br />

5. Press Start. Perform effort. Press S<strong>to</strong>p.<br />

6. Accept or reject effort. Repeat from Step 4 until finished.<br />

7. Press Test Done.<br />

To Calibrate the Spirometer<br />

1. Connect spirometer <strong>to</strong> electrocardiograph.<br />

2. Press Menu key .<br />

3. Choose Spirometry Settings > Calibration Settings ><br />

Calibrate Spirometer.<br />

4. Enter transducer lot code and calibration code.<br />

5. Update ambient temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure.<br />

(See your local weather reports.)<br />

6. Follow prompts.<br />

To Configure the Spirometer<br />

1. Connect spirometer <strong>to</strong> electrocardiograph.<br />

2. Press Menu key .<br />

3. Choose Spirometry Settings.<br />

4. Change desired settings.<br />

800 535 6663, 315 685 4560 USA<br />

For worldwide Technical Support numbers, see spirometry manual.<br />

©2005 · Printed in USA · www.welchallyn.com · Mat: 703977 Rev: B


EASY GUIDE<br />

To SPIROMETRY<br />

With The<br />

<strong>CP</strong> 200


Clinical Support November 06 Propaq Information


CALIBRATION<br />

Calibration of the spirometer is recommended every day before testing. When opening a new package of<br />

flow transducer, verify the lot number on the package label .If this lot number differs from the lot number used<br />

during the most recent calibration, you must recalibrate the spirometer before resuming testing.<br />

1. Spirometer Calibration initial screen<br />

You can get <strong>to</strong> this screen in one of two ways.<br />

a) At a prompt<br />

Press<br />

when asked <strong>to</strong> Calibrate Now?<br />

This appears the first time you press the Spirometry key<br />

each day.<br />

b) Anytime<br />

Press the Menu key<br />

Spirometer.<br />

, then choose Spirometry Settings>Calibration Settings>Calibrate<br />

2. Fill in the relevant fields.<br />

• Transducer lot and “cal” codes appear on the transducer package<br />

• The syringe volume is always 3L<br />

• It is not necessary <strong>to</strong> update the temperature, humidity or pressure unless in extreme<br />

environmental conditions.<br />

Clinical Support November 06 Propaq Information


3. Press one of the desired soft keys<br />

• Verify Calibration<br />

To verify the accuracy of the system, however you must still simulate inhalation and exhalation <strong>with</strong> the<br />

calibration syringe.<br />

• Calibrate 1 Flow<br />

To calibrate the system using one inhale exhale cycle<br />

• Calibrate 3 Flows<br />

To calibrate the system using three inhale/exhale cycles at three different rates.<br />

The “attach flow transducer” prompt appears.<br />

4. Connect a new flow transducer <strong>to</strong> the pressure tubing<br />

5. Attach the flow transducer <strong>to</strong> the syringe’s port. Push the flow transducer all the way in for a tight seal.<br />

6. Pull the plunger all the way out.<br />

7. Press Continue<br />

8. Press Start<br />

9. When the blue bar begins <strong>to</strong> move, push the plunger all the way in, then pull it all the way out, carefully<br />

following the bar’s rate.<br />

Clinical Support November 06 Propaq Information


When no air has moved for three seconds, the following happens.<br />

For single flow calibrations: the results are displayed<br />

For multiple-flow calibrations: another simulated exhalation screen appears.<br />

It is recommended that poor calibration results are not accepted as spirometry tests may be inaccurate.<br />

Clinical Support November 06 Propaq Information


Performing a Spirometry Test<br />

1. Press .The first time this key is pressed each day, the prompt “Calibrate Now?”<br />

appears.<br />

2. “Enter New Patient” screen appears. Fill in all relevant data.(last name, patient ID h eight,<br />

gender, age and race are manda<strong>to</strong>ry and you will not be able <strong>to</strong> proceed if you have not<br />

entered data in these fields.)<br />

3. When finishing entering data, press the desired soft key:<br />

• Clear - deletes the patient data and returns <strong>to</strong> the Patient ID field.<br />

• Done- accepts the patient data and goes <strong>to</strong> the initial spirometry screen.<br />

4. Press Effort Type : Choices include-<br />

• FVC<br />

• FVC Post<br />

• SVC<br />

• SVC Post<br />

(FVC Post and SVC Post are available only if you have already accepted at least one pre-effort of the<br />

same type.)<br />

5. Press Curve as needed <strong>to</strong> select the curve type that you want <strong>to</strong> view whilst testing:<br />

• Flow/Volume<br />

• Volume/Time<br />

• Tidal Volume<br />

• Incentive<br />

6. When ready, press Start<br />

7. When finished, press S<strong>to</strong>p<br />

8. “Effort Complete Screen” will appear.<br />

Clinical Support November 06 Propaq Information


9. Review the data<br />

10. Press either:<br />

Accept Effort (pressing this key saves the effort)<br />

Reject Effort (pressing this key deletes the effort)<br />

11. If you want <strong>to</strong> perform another test, repeat steps 4-9<br />

12. If you are finished <strong>with</strong> this test, press Test Done.<br />

TO PRINT A TEST<br />

When you have completed the test and the Test Results screen appears, press the soft<br />

key Print Test.<br />

RECORDING A POST TEST<br />

• If there is no interruption between pre and post efforts the same screen continues <strong>to</strong><br />

display and you simply continue <strong>with</strong> the procedure.<br />

• If there is an interruption ( eg another patient has been tested or the machine has<br />

been turned off ) you need <strong>to</strong> recall the patient’s test-in-progress.<br />

• Pre and post tests must happen on the same day, <strong>with</strong> the same calibration. The next<br />

day or after calibration, tests become available for review only and you can not add<br />

efforts <strong>to</strong> them.<br />

TO RECALL A PATIENTS TEST<br />

When “Enter New Patient” appears press Search or Schedule on the soft keys and select<br />

a patient. Then press the desired soft keys.<br />

Clinical Support November 06 Propaq Information


Spirometry Effort Acceptability & Reproducibility<br />

An acceptable effort is defined as free from error and<br />

Inaccurate Results From Coughing<br />

Volume Time Curve Flow Volume Curve<br />

artifacts. A reproducible effort is defined as being<br />

<strong>with</strong>out excessive variability. Criteria for determining<br />

whether efforts are acceptable and reproducible are<br />

outlined below.<br />

Inaccurate Results From Glottis Closure<br />

Volume Time Curve<br />

Flow Volume Curve<br />

Normal Volume Time Curve<br />

Normal Flow Volume Curve<br />

Inaccurate Results From Early Termination<br />

Volume Time Curve<br />

Flow Volume Curve<br />

Flow volume curves exhibit a sharp initial peak flow close <strong>to</strong> the “Y” axis, then a<br />

relatively straight descent at 45° <strong>to</strong> the baseline. Volume time curves show an<br />

obvious plateau of at least 1 sec after 6 seconds of exhalation.<br />

Inaccurate Results From Leaks<br />

Volume Time Curve<br />

Flow Volume Curve<br />

Patient Preparation Patient Coaching<br />

We recommend that you practice the • Place the flow transducer in your<br />

procedure <strong>with</strong> the patient before<br />

mouth, on <strong>to</strong>p of your <strong>to</strong>ngue &<br />

starting the test, but first, you should<br />

between your teeth.<br />

prepare the patient for the procedure:<br />

Inaccurate Results From Variable Effort<br />

• Close lips and teeth around the flow<br />

• Patient may sit or stand.<br />

transducer <strong>to</strong> create a tight seal, like if<br />

Volume Time Curve<br />

Flow Volume Curve<br />

you were blowing in a musical<br />

• Patient should loosen tight clothing. instrument.<br />

• Patient should elevate chin and extend • Keep your chin slightly elevated and<br />

the neck slightly.<br />

make sure that your <strong>to</strong>ngue is out of<br />

the flow transducer.<br />

• Patient should use a nose clip or pinch<br />

his/her nostrils <strong>with</strong> fingers.<br />

• Take a good deep breath.<br />

Reproducibility Criteria<br />

• Now BLAST in<strong>to</strong> the flow transducer<br />

Inaccurate Results From Hesitation<br />

as hard, fast and completely as<br />

possible.<br />

Volume Time Curve<br />

Flow Volume Curve<br />

• Largest FVC should be <strong>with</strong>in 5%<br />

of the next largest FVC.<br />

• Keep blowing, squeeze all the air out.<br />

• Largest FEV1 should be <strong>with</strong>in 5% • S<strong>to</strong>p.<br />

of the next largest FEV1.<br />

• Must meet criteria for acceptability.<br />

Example of Non-Reproducible and Reproducible Spirometry Test<br />

Volume Time Curve<br />

Flow Volume Curve<br />

Volume Time Curve<br />

Flow Volume Curve<br />

Reproducible test<br />

This example shows a<br />

reproducible test <strong>with</strong> 3<br />

acceptable curves. The 3 FVC<br />

efforts are <strong>with</strong>in 5% of each<br />

other, which indicates that the<br />

patient inhaled completely<br />

before each expiration.<br />

Coughing<br />

Coughing during the first second<br />

may affect the FEV1. Both volume<br />

time and flow volume curves<br />

show dips instead of smoothly<br />

formed line.<br />

Glottis closure<br />

The flow of air is temporarily<br />

completely cut off. Both curves<br />

s<strong>to</strong>p abruptly. An artificial plateau<br />

is reached on volume time curves,<br />

<strong>with</strong> a bend where the effort<br />

s<strong>to</strong>pped.<br />

Early termination (< 6 sec)<br />

No obvious plateau is reached on<br />

volume time curves and the<br />

exhalation is less than 6 seconds.<br />

Flow volume curves show a low<br />

<strong>to</strong>tal volume <strong>with</strong> flow dropping<br />

sharply at the end of expiration.<br />

Air leak can happen around the<br />

flow transducer or from the nose.<br />

Volume time curves drop instead of<br />

reaching a plateau. Flow volume<br />

curves backtrack at the end.<br />

Variable effort<br />

The patient forced out the air at<br />

an inconsistent rate. Both curves<br />

show dips similar <strong>to</strong> those for a<br />

cough, making it difficult <strong>to</strong><br />

distinguish between the two<br />

conditions. Tracings are<br />

unacceptable if cough or variable<br />

effort occurred during the first<br />

second.<br />

Hesitation, False Start or<br />

Excessive Extrapolated Volume<br />

The patient did not exhale as<br />

forcefully as possible at the start<br />

of the effort. Volume time curves<br />

start slowly instead of climbing<br />

sharply. The peak of the flow<br />

volume curve is displaced <strong>to</strong> the<br />

right, away from the vertical axis.<br />

Non reproducible test<br />

This example shows a nonreproducible<br />

test <strong>with</strong> 3<br />

acceptable curves. Note the<br />

obvious variability in the FVC size<br />

of the curves, most likely due <strong>to</strong> an<br />

incomplete inhalation. Coach the<br />

subject <strong>to</strong> take a deeper breath in<br />

before performing the FVC<br />

maneuver.<br />

4341 State Street Road, P.O Box 220, Skaneateles Falls, New York 13153-0220 • www. welchallyn.com 703337 Rev. B


Spirometry Reference Chart<br />

START<br />

TERMINAL<br />

BRONCHIOLE<br />

CILIA<br />

GOOD FVC<br />

no<br />

REPEAT<br />

MANEUVER(S)<br />

LARYNX<br />

yes<br />

TRACHEA<br />

BEST OF 3?<br />

no<br />

yes<br />

RATIO<br />

ABNORMAL<br />

yes<br />

OBSTRUCTION<br />

no<br />

FVC NORMAL<br />

yes<br />

NORMAL<br />

SPIROMETRY<br />

no<br />

RESTRICTION<br />

LEFT MAIN<br />

BRONCHUS<br />

RIGHT MAIN<br />

BRONCHUS<br />

RIGHT<br />

UPPER LOBE<br />

LEFT UPPER LOBE<br />

FEV 1 ≥ 100%<br />

of Predicted?<br />

no<br />

yes<br />

May be a<br />

Physiological<br />

Variant<br />

Mild<br />

Restriction<br />

yes<br />

70% ≤ FVC < LLN<br />

of Predicted?<br />

no<br />

INTERLOBAR<br />

FISSURE<br />

RIGHT<br />

MIDDLE LOBE<br />

INTERLOBAR FISSURE<br />

LEFT LOWER LOBE<br />

70% ≤ FEV 1 < 100%<br />

of Predicted?<br />

no<br />

60% ≤ FEV 1 < 70%<br />

of Predicted?<br />

yes<br />

yes<br />

Mild<br />

Obstruction<br />

Moderate<br />

Obstruction<br />

Moderate<br />

Restriction<br />

Moderately<br />

Severe<br />

Restriction<br />

yes<br />

60% ≤ FVC < 70%<br />

of Predicted?<br />

no<br />

yes 50% ≤ FVC < 60%<br />

of Predicted?<br />

INTERLOBAR<br />

FISSURE<br />

RIGHT<br />

LOWER LOBE<br />

PULMONARY ARTERY<br />

no<br />

no<br />

50% ≤ FEV 1 < 60%<br />

of Predicted?<br />

yes<br />

Moderately<br />

Severe<br />

Obstruction<br />

Severe<br />

Restriction<br />

yes 34% ≤ FVC < 50%<br />

of Predicted?<br />

no<br />

no<br />

34% ≤ FEV 1 < 50%<br />

of Predicted?<br />

yes<br />

Severe<br />

Obstruction<br />

Very Severe<br />

Restriction<br />

yes<br />

FVC < 34%<br />

of Predicted?<br />

DIAPHRAGM<br />

no<br />

FEV 1 < 34%<br />

of Predicted?<br />

yes<br />

Very Severe<br />

Obstruction<br />

FVC Below 80% of predicted?<br />

yes<br />

PULMONARY VEIN<br />

ALVEOLAR DUCT<br />

TERMINAL<br />

BRONCHIOLE<br />

CAPILLARY<br />

And low vital capacity, cannot rule out superimposed restriction.<br />

ALVEOLUS<br />

This flowchart follows The American Thoracic Society Example For Interpretation.<br />

Typical Spirograms<br />

ranging from normal<br />

limits <strong>to</strong> severe<br />

restriction.<br />

Normal Spirometry<br />

Note the sharp initial peak flow, then<br />

relatively straight descent at about 45<br />

degrees <strong>to</strong> the baseline. All of the<br />

parameters are <strong>with</strong>in normal limits.<br />

Mild Obstruction<br />

The FEV1/FVC% predicted is abnormal<br />

(79%), indicating obstruction. The severity<br />

of the obstruction is mild as judged<br />

by the FEV1, which is 62% of the<br />

predicted. Mild obstruction occurs<br />

gradually over many years.<br />

Moderate Obstruction<br />

The FEV1/FVC% predicted is abnormal,<br />

indicating obstruction. The FEV1 %<br />

predictive is 63% indicating the<br />

obstruction is moderate in severity. Note<br />

the concave shape of the flow volume<br />

curve <strong>with</strong> low flows after the initial<br />

sharp peak flow.<br />

Severe Obstruction<br />

Severe obstruction <strong>with</strong> a low vital<br />

capacity. All of the parameters are<br />

abnormally low. The low FEV1/ FVC%<br />

indicates obstruction, and the FEV1 of<br />

only 28% of normals shows that the<br />

obstruction is severe. A superimposed<br />

restriction may also be present since the<br />

FVC is abnormally low (46%).<br />

Severe Restriction<br />

FEV1/FVC% prediction of 101% is normal,<br />

so obstruction does not exist. The FVC<br />

however is only 41% of normal, indicating<br />

severe restriction. FEV1 is also decreased<br />

44% but <strong>to</strong> a lesser degree than the FVC in<br />

restrictive disorders. Note the sharp peak<br />

and rapid, straight, and steep decline of<br />

the flow volume curve.<br />

Typical Spirogram curve for normal,<br />

obstruction and restriction patterns<br />

Flow (L/sec)<br />

12<br />

10<br />

8<br />

6<br />

4<br />

2<br />

Normal<br />

Obstruction<br />

Restriction<br />

0<br />

0 1 2 3 4 5 6<br />

Volume (L)<br />

For your protection, all of Welch Allyn<br />

Spirometers use disposable flow<br />

transducers that minimize the risk<br />

Pat-Name: LECKY-CATHERINE CARMEN A GASPERO MD<br />

Pat-Number: 0258974632 06-21-01 18:21<br />

Age: 67 year Height: 70 ins Ethnic: C<br />

Gender: F Weight: 131 lbs Smoker: N<br />

Normals: NHANES III<br />

Diagnosis: RESULTS APPEAR NORMAL ATS criteria met<br />

UNCONFIRMED REPORT<br />

PREDMEAS1%PRED MEAS1MEAS2 MEAS3<br />

FVC 1 3.69 2.94 80 2.94 2.89 2.78<br />

FEV1 1 2.80 2.22 80 2.22 2.23 2.19<br />

FEV1/FVC % 76.0 75.5 99 75.5 77.1 78.5<br />

FEV3/FVC % 90.6 96.1 106 96.1 97.8 98.1<br />

FEF.2-1.2 1/s 5.21 4.10 79 4.10 4.00 3.91<br />

FEF25-75% 1/s 2.54 1.76 69 1.76 1.86 1.89<br />

FEF75-85% 1/s 0.66 0.56 85 0.56 0.54 0.62<br />

PEF 1/min 375 313 83 313 307 310<br />

FEF25% 1/s 5.70 4.67 82 4.67 4.50 4.27<br />

FEF50% 1/s 3.44 2.31 67 2.31 2.24 2.21<br />

FEF75% 1/s 1.09 0.65 60 0.65 0.80 0.83<br />

FIVC 1 3.11 3.11 3.26 3.38<br />

FIV1 1 3.01 3.01 2.95 3.07<br />

FIV1/FIVC % 96.7 96.7 90.4 90.7<br />

PIF 1/s 4.78 4.78 5.01 4.82<br />

FIF50% 1/s 4.75 4.75 4.98 4.82<br />

Flow=f (V)<br />

Pat-Name:EVANGELISTA-NORMAN JAE C CHANG MD<br />

Pat-Number: 0258975912 06-05-01 21:57<br />

Age: 86 year Height: 71 ins Ethnic: C<br />

Gender: M Weight: 202 lbs Smoker: N<br />

Normals: NHANES III<br />

Diagnosis: MILD OBSTRUCTION<br />

ATS criteria met<br />

MILD RESTRICTION<br />

MAYBE POOR INITIAL EFFORT<br />

UNCONFIRMED REPORT<br />

PRED MEAS1 %PRED MEAS1 MEAS2 MEAS3<br />

FVC 1 3.77 2.48 66 2.48 2.34 2.34<br />

FEV1 1 2.85 1.49 62 1.49 1.55 1.37<br />

FEV1/FVC % 75.9 59.9 79 59.9 66.2 58.7<br />

FEV3/FVC % 88.3 90.1 102 90.1 89.1 89.7<br />

FEF.2-1.2 1/S 1.74 1.74 2.03 1.43<br />

FEF25-75% 1/S 3.59 0.96 27 0.96 0.89 0.89<br />

FEF75-85% 1/S 0.32 0.32 0.25 0.30<br />

PEF 1/min 477 128 27 128 217 117<br />

FEF25% 1/S 7.24 1.97 27 1.97 2.39 1.77<br />

FEF50% 1/S 5.76 1.03 18 1.03 1.23 0.99<br />

FEF75% 1/S 2.76 0.45 16 0.45 0.36 0.43<br />

FIVC 1 2.55 2.55 2.13 3.12<br />

FIV1 1 1.39 1.39 1.20 1.72<br />

FIV1/FIVC % 54.7 54.7 56.3 55.1<br />

PIF 1/S 1.61 1.61 1.42 1.95<br />

FIF50% 1/S 1.40 1.40 1.35 1.81<br />

Flow=f (V)<br />

Pat-Name: HEART-JULIETTE<br />

PETER J ALAU MD<br />

Pat-Number: 0258972445 03-15-01 16:12<br />

Age: 51 year Height: 60 ins Ethnic: C<br />

Gender: F Weight: 120 lbs Smoker: N<br />

Normals: NHANES III<br />

Diagnosis: MODERATE OBSTRUCTION ATS criteria not met<br />

MAYBE POOR INITIAL EFFORT<br />

UNCONFIRMED REPORT<br />

PRED MEAS1 %PRED MEAS1 MEAS2 MEAS3<br />

FVC 1 3.69 3.87 105 3.87 3.05 2.79<br />

FEV1 1 2.80 1.77 63 1.77 2.32 2.14<br />

FEV1/FVC % 76.0 45.6 60 46.6 75.9 76.7<br />

FEV3/FVC % 90.6 57.2 63 57.2 95.2 96.8<br />

FEF.2-1.2 1/S 5.21 2.85 55 2.85 4.44 3.51<br />

FEF25-75% 1/S 2.54 0.24 9 0.24 1.84 1.77<br />

FEF75-85% 1/S 0.66 1.40 211 1.40 0.48 0.53<br />

PEF 1/min 375 194 52 194 341 286<br />

FEF25% 1/S 5.70 2.67 47 2.67 4.70 3.82<br />

FEF50% 1/S 3.44 0.32 9 0.32 2.23 1.95<br />

FEF75% 1/S 1.09 1.86 170 1.86 0.72 0.78<br />

FIVC 1 3.85 3.17 3.35<br />

FIV1 1 3.40 3.05 3.00<br />

FIV1/FIVC % 88.3 96.1 89.8<br />

PIF 1/S 4.70 4.62 4.43<br />

FIF50% 1/S 4.47 4.45 4.42<br />

Flow=f (V)<br />

Pat-Name: O’BRIAN-DAVID<br />

JOHN P HEYWOOD MD<br />

Pat-Number: 0258974632 05-07-01 14:37<br />

Age: 56 year Height: 66 ins Ethnic: C<br />

Gender: M Weight: 149 lbs Smoker: N<br />

Normals: NHANES III<br />

Diagnosis: SEVERE OBSTRUCTION ATS criteria met (PRE)<br />

MAYBE AIR TRAPPING PRESENT ATS criteria met (POST)<br />

MAYBE POOR INITIAL EFFORT<br />

MARKED IMPROVED<br />

UNCONFIRMED REPORT<br />

PRE<br />

POST<br />

PRED MEAS1 %PRED MEAS1 %PRED %CH<br />

FVC 1 3.96 1.83 46 2.48 63 35<br />

FEV1 1 3.14 0.89 28 1.22 39 38<br />

FEV1/FVC % 81.9 48.4 59 49.3 60 2<br />

FEV3/FVC % 94.2 81.8 87 77.9 83 -5<br />

FEF.2-1.2 1/S 0.58 1.11 91<br />

FEF25-75% 1/S 4.10 0.42 10 0.51 12 20<br />

FEF75-85% 1/S 0.22 0.21 -5<br />

PEF 1/min 478 157 33 207 43 32<br />

FEF25% 1/S 7.35 0.89 12 1.39 19 56<br />

FEF50% 1/S 5.40 0.48 9 0.59 11 23<br />

FEF75% 1/S 2.62 0.26 10 0.26 10 0<br />

FIVC 1 2.11 2.69 28<br />

FIV1 1 2.10 2.51 19<br />

FIV1/FIVC % 99.5 93.2 -6<br />

PIF 1/S 3.65 3.70 1<br />

FIF50% 1/S 3.64 3.65 0<br />

Flow=f (V)<br />

Pat-Name: MEYRS-STEVEN DENISE R MADRICK MD<br />

Pat-Number: 0258970824 07-22-01 18:36<br />

Age: 81 year Height: 74 ins Ethnic: C<br />

Gender: M Weight: 201 lbs Smoker: N<br />

Normals: NHANES III<br />

Diagnosis: SEVERE RESTRICTION<br />

ATS criteria met<br />

PRED MEAS1 %PRED MEAS1 MEAS2 MEAS3<br />

FVC 1 4.89 2.01 41 2.01 1.81 1.65<br />

FEV1 1 3.62 1.58 44 1.58 1.53 1.44<br />

FEV1/FVC % 78.2 78.8 101 78.8 84.6 87.3<br />

FEV3/FVC % 88.6 99.0 112 99.0<br />

FEF.2-1.2 1/S 6.27 2.46 39 2.46 2.45 2.09<br />

FEF25-75% 1/S 3.43 1.53 45 1.53 1.68 1.74<br />

FEF75-85% 1/S 0.31 0.34 110 0.34 0.46 0.50<br />

PEF 1/min 531 171 32 171 285 256<br />

FEF25% 1/S 7.77 2.71 35 2.71 4.55 4.22<br />

FEF50% 1/S 4.48 2.43 54 2.43 2.08 2.02<br />

FEF75% 1/S 1.48 0.51 35 0.51 0.65 0.73<br />

FIVC 1 2.08 2.08 2.45 1.80<br />

FIV1 1 0.55 0.55 1.94 1.77<br />

FIV1/FIVC % 26.3 26.3 79.1 98.6<br />

PIF 1/S 1.89 1.89 2.85 2.82<br />

FIF50% 1/S 1.82 1.82 2.84 2.80<br />

Flow=f (V)<br />

of cross contamination.<br />

6<br />

6<br />

6<br />

6<br />

6<br />

4<br />

4<br />

4<br />

4<br />

4<br />

Welch Allyn<br />

2<br />

2<br />

2<br />

2<br />

2<br />

4341 State Street Road<br />

PO Box 220<br />

Skaneateles Falls, NY 13153-0220<br />

0<br />

-2<br />

1 2 3 4 5<br />

0<br />

-2<br />

1 2 3 4 5<br />

0<br />

-2<br />

1 2 3 4 5<br />

0<br />

-2<br />

1 2 3 4 5<br />

0<br />

-2<br />

1 2 3 4 5<br />

www.welchallyn.com<br />

-4<br />

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Calib. : 03-15-01<br />

Welch Allyn<br />

Calib. : 03-15-01<br />

Welch Allyn<br />

Calib. : 03-15-01<br />

Welch Allyn<br />

Calib. : 03-15-01<br />

Welch Allyn<br />

Calib. : 03-15-01<br />

Welch Allyn<br />

Advancing Frontline Care <br />

71038-3000 Rev. B

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