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Conclusions<br />

• When compared with Caucasian cephalometric<br />

norms, Emirati adults showed an increase in ANB<br />

angle due to mandibular retrusion, increase in<br />

anterior and posterior facial heights, decreased interincisal<br />

angle, and bimaxillary dental protrusion.<br />

• There were no difference between men and women<br />

except for the facial heights which were longer in men<br />

than women.<br />

• These Emirati cephalometric values found in this<br />

study are recommended for use when formulating a<br />

treatment plan for this ethnic group.<br />

• There is a need to develop age-dependent<br />

cephalometric standards for the Emirati population.<br />

References<br />

1. Steiner CC. Cephalometrics for you and me. Am J Orthod<br />

Dentofacial Orthop. 1953;39:729-55.<br />

2. Jarabak JR, Fizzel JA. Technique and treatment with light wire<br />

edgewise appliances. 2 nd . ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1972.<br />

3. Downs WB. Variation in facial relationships: their significance in the<br />

treatment and prognosis. Am J Orthod. 1948;34:812-40.<br />

4. Ricketts RM. Planning treatment on the basis of the facial pattern<br />

and an estimate of its growth. Angle Orthod. 1957;27:14-37.<br />

5. Sassouni V. A Roentgenographic cephalometric analysis<br />

of cephalofacial-dental relationships. Am. J. of Ortho.<br />

1955;41(10):735-64.<br />

6. Bishara S, Abdalla E, Hoppens B. Cephalometric comparison of<br />

dentofacial parameters between Egyptians and North American<br />

adolescents. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;97:413-21.<br />

7. Hamdan AM, Rock WP. Cephalometric norms in an Arabic<br />

population. J Orthod. 2001;28:297-300.<br />

8. Behbehani F, Hicks P, Beeman C. Racial variations in cephalometric<br />

analysis between whites and Kuwaitis. Angle Orthod.<br />

2006;76:406-11.<br />

9. Hassan AH. Cephalometric norms for Saudi adults living in the<br />

western region of Saudi Arabia. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:109-13.<br />

10. Jacobson A. The Wits appraisal of jaw disharmony. Am J Orthod.<br />

1975;67:125-38.<br />

11. Basciftci FA, Uysal T, Buyukerkmen A. Craniofacial structure of<br />

Anatolian Turkish adults with normal occlusions and wellbalanced<br />

faces. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;125:366-72<br />

12. Hussein E , Abu Mois M. Bimaxillary protrusion in the Palestinian<br />

population. Angle Orthodontist. 2007;77:817-20.<br />

| 10 | <strong>Smile</strong> <strong>Dental</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> | Volume 5, Issue 4 - 2010

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