Trials of loft-based deterrents The present study has highlighted several deterrent techniques that could be tested in field-trials, including mirrors/reflectors (especially Mylar tape), animated models and bioacoustics. Field trials must be designed carefully to take into account variation in the potential level of raptor attack between different lofts. The experimental design, therefore, should either match deterrent and control lofts for attack frequency (which is related to proximity to woodland), or if attack rates are sufficiently frequent compare attack rates at the same loft during periods of deployment and non-deployment of the deterrent. 92
10. References Allan, D.S. 2001. Raptors and the rearing of pheasants. Part II. A preliminary evaluation of techniques to reduce losses of young pheasants to raptors at release pens. ADAS report to the British Association of Shooting and Conservation. Andelt, W.F., Woolley, T.P. & Hopper, S.N. 1997. Effectiveness of barriers, pyrotechnics, flashing lights and Scarey Man® for deterring heron predation on fish. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 25(3): 686-694. Avery, M. I. & Winder, F.L.R. 1990. Roseate Tern in Red Data Birds in Britain (L. A. Batten, C. J. Bibby, P. Clement, G. D. Elliot & R. F. Porter, eds.) pp 208-212. Nature Conservancy Council & RSPB. T & A. D. Poyser, London. Banks, A.N., Coombes, R.H. & Crick, H.Q.P. 2003. The Peregrine Falcon breeding population of the UK & Isle of Man in 2002. BTO Research Report No. 330. Belant, J.L., & Ickes, S.K. 1997. Mylar flags as gull deterrents. Thirteenth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings (eds. C. D. Lee and S. E. Hygnstrom), pp. 73-80. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Bell, D.V & Austin L.W 1985. The game-fishing season and its effect on overwintering wildfowl. Biological Conservation, 33: 65-80. Bishop, J., McKay, H.M., Parrott, D. & Allan, J. 2003. Review of international research literature regarding the effectiveness of auditory bird scaring techniques and potential alternatives. Central Science Laboratory report to Defra. Blest, A.D. 1957. The function of eyespot patterns in the Lepidoptera. Behaviour, 11: 209-255. Bomford, M. & O’Brien, P.H. 1990. Sonic deterrents in animal damage control: a review of device tests and effectiveness. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 18: 411-422. Boudewijn, T. J. & Dirksen, S. 1996. Review of deterrent, scaring and other methods to prevent cormorant foraging. In: The Assessment of the Effectiveness of Management Measures to Control Damage by Fish-Eating Birds to Inland Fisheries in England and Wales (ed. H. McKay). Report to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Maff Project VC0107). Bridgman, C.J. 1980. Bio-acoustic bird scaring in Britain. Proceedings of IVth Pan- African Ornithological Congress: 383-387. Bruggers, R.L., Brooks, J.E., Dolbeer, R.A., Woronecki, P.P., Pandit, R.K., Tarimo, T. & Hoque, M. 1986. Responses of pest birds to reflecting tape in agriculture. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 14: 161-170. Censky, E. J. & Ficken, M.S. 1982. Response of black-capped chickadees to mirrors. Wilson Bulletin, 94(4): 590-593. 93
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RACING PIGEONS - IMPACT OF RAPTOR P
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CONTENTS PAGE 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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6.3 DETERRENTS USED IN OTHER CIRCUM
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OB=48). Collectively, however, the
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• The risk of sparrowhawk predati
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1.5 REVIEW OF DETERRENTS • A revi
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• Overall reported losses to spar
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2. INTRODUCTION 2.1 BACKGROUND Pere
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During the Second World War (1939-4
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Table 2.1. Changes in the peregrine
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website, 2002). In South Wales, Dix
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2.5.2 Sparrowhawk Diet Sparrowhawk
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In 1996 a total of 34,685 birds fro
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Dixon (2002) also estimated the num
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more likely to follow natural featu
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3. TOTAL REPORTED LOSSES FROM SCOTT
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3.3a). The circumstances of losses
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Figure 3.2. Location of lofts used
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Table 3.3 Regional comparison of ol
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would be expected as a consequence
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p>0.05), although at the Federation
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Ayrshire Loft 25 20 15 10 5 0 1981
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4. REPORTED LOSSES TO SPARROWHAWKS
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- Page 58 and 59: Figure 5.1. Regional distribution o
- Page 60 and 61: crags were also examined unless it
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- Page 68 and 69: Figure 5.5. Principal race routes f
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- Page 80 and 81: 1986). Peregrines in Britain, likew
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- Page 88 and 89: located at another loft) and two un
- Page 90 and 91: other stimuli. Essentially, the mor
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- Page 98 and 99: 9. FUTURE RESEARCH Accurate recordi
- Page 102 and 103: Conover, M.R. 1979. Response of bir
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- Page 106 and 107: Nicolaus, L.K., Herrera, J., Nicola
- Page 108 and 109: Toyne, E.P. 1998. Breeding season d
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- Page 112 and 113: Daily Food Intake (DFI) Redpath & T
- Page 114 and 115: Reliability of the available data T
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