A History of the Defense Intelligence Agency - Cryptocomb

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The Civil War: Intelligence in 19th Century Warfare Credit: National Archives Defense Intelligence Agency
Neither the Union nor the Confederacy was prepared for the intelligence demands of the Civil War, and neither side possessed a formal, centralized intelligence apparatus. Nevertheless, the intelligence practices of code breaking, deception, and covert surveillance remained vital. The Union and the Confederacy approached these intelligence challenges in a variety of ways. The Confederate Signal Corps employed covert communications and mail interception to spy on Northern troops. Confederate agents also conducted espionage in Union territory by sending agents on covert missions to gather military, political, and industrial intelligence. To convey information gleaned from its covert missions, Confederate agents used personal columns in newspapers, and even sent messages via the postal system. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) also made excellent use of its cavalry. While this practice was not unique to the ANV, intelligence gathered by Lee’s famous cavalry officer J.E.B. Stuart most critically helped offset the numerical superiority of the Union Army. These tactical efforts were often successful, but did little to shift the strategic balance of the war in the Confederacy’s favor. Lacking a centralized intelligence service, the Union Army left the task to the independent direction of the specific generals in various commands. For example, General George B. McClellan selected Allan Pinkerton, who had been running a private detective agency, to serve as his head of military intelligence and counterespionage. Pinkerton’s counterespionage efforts were relatively successful, but his military intelligence estimates drastically inflated the strength of the ANV, frustrating the planning of the already cautious McClellan. Under General Joseph Hooker, the Union’s Army of the Potomac created the Bureau of Military Information, an allsource intelligence unit. (Left) Thaddeus S.C. Lowe, one of the forefathers of overhead reconnaissance, observed Confederate forces from his balloon. (Right) J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry was perhaps Robert E. Lee’s most important military intelligence tool. Stuart’s absence from the Battle of Gettysburg severely hampered Lee’s knowledge of Union activities during the engagement. Credit: National Archives A History
Page 1 and 2: A History of the Defense Intelligen
Page 3 and 4: What is Military Intelligence? Mili
Page 5 and 6: Defense Intelligence Agency: A Hist
Page 7: Because of the British superiority
Page 11 and 12: The Civil War Allen Pinkerton, left
Page 13 and 14: The United States went to war again
Page 15 and 16: The American declaration of war aga
Page 17 and 18: The Japanese surprise attack on Pea
Page 19 and 20: As successful as it was in World Wa
Page 21 and 22: Seeking to correct shortcomings in
Page 23 and 24: 1960s Challenge and Reorganization:
Page 25 and 26: DIA faced difficult transitional ye
Page 27 and 28: 1970s Defense Attachés Military at
Page 29 and 30: DIA came of age in the 1980s, focus
Page 31 and 32: 1980s DIA Comes of Age capabilities
Page 33 and 34: 1980s DIA Comes of Age The rapidly
Page 35 and 36: The collapse of the Soviet Union an
Page 37 and 38: 1990s The Post-Cold War Challenge I
Page 39 and 40: The new millennium brought even mor
Page 41 and 42: The 21st Century Combating Terroris
Page 43 and 44: Directors of DIA Lt Gen Joseph F. C
Page 45 and 46: Major Robert P. Perry, USA Assistan
Page 47 and 48: “Let us never forget that good in

A History of the Defense Intelligence Agency - Cryptocomb

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