Section 2: Physics of Ultrasound

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Q118: At the water-steel interface, the angle <strong>of</strong> incidence in water is 7 degree. The principle mode <strong>of</strong> vibration that exist in steel is: A. Longitudinal B. Shear C. Both A & B (Possible incorrect answer) D. Surface Hint: The keyword is “the principle mode”
Q: On Calculation: Incident angle= 7° Refracted longitudinal wave = 29.11° Refracted shear wave = 15.49°
Page 1:
Section 2: Physics of Ultrasound
Page 4 and 5:
2.0: Ultrasound Formula http://www.
Page 6 and 7:
Ultrasonic Formula
Page 9 and 10:
2.1: Wave Propagation Ultrasonic te
Page 11 and 12:
Acoustic Spectrum
Page 13 and 14:
Acoustic Wave - Node and Anti-Node
Page 15 and 16:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.ed
Page 17 and 18:
2.2: Modes of Sound Wave Propagatio
Page 19 and 20:
Longitudinal and shear waves
Page 21 and 22:
Longitudinal and shear waves
Page 23 and 24:
2.2.3 Longitudinal Wave Also Knows
Page 25 and 26:
Longitudinal wave: Longitudinal wav
Page 28 and 29:
2.2.4 Shear waves (S-Waves) In air,
Page 30 and 31:
Shear waves
Page 33 and 34:
Q10: For a shear wave travelling fr
Page 35 and 36:
Rayleigh waves are a type of surfac
Page 37 and 38:
Q29: The longitudinal wave incident
Page 39 and 40:
The major axis of the ellipse is pe
Page 41 and 42:
Surface wave
Page 43 and 44:
Surface wave has the ability to fol
Page 45 and 46:
Surface wave - One wavelength deep
Page 47 and 48:
Love Wave http://web.ics.purdue.edu
Page 49 and 50:
Other Reading: Rayleigh Waves Surfa
Page 51 and 52:
Q110: What kind of wave mode travel
Page 53 and 54:
2.2.6 Lamb Wave: Lamb waves propaga
Page 55 and 56:
Types of Wave New! • Plate wave-
Page 57 and 58:
Plate or Lamb waves are similar to
Page 59 and 60:
With Lamb waves, a number of modes
Page 61 and 62:
Symmetrical = extensional mode Asym
Page 63 and 64:
Symmetrical = extensional mode
Page 65 and 66:
The form is determined by whether t
Page 67 and 68:
Q1: The wave mode that has multiple
Page 69 and 70:
Dispersion refers to the fact that
Page 71 and 72:
Thickness Limitation: One can not g
Page 73 and 74:
Spring model- A mass on a spring ha
Page 75 and 76:
In terms of the spring model, Hooke
Page 77 and 78:
Elastic Model / Longitudinal Wave
Page 79 and 80:
Elastic Model / Shear Wave
Page 81 and 82:
The Speed of Sound Hooke's Law, whe
Page 83 and 84:
What properties of material affect
Page 85 and 86:
Where V is the speed of sound, C is
Page 87 and 88:
Q50: The principle attributes that
Page 89 and 90:
E/N/G
Page 91 and 92:
Examples of approximate compression
Page 93 and 94:
Shear Wave Velocity: V S The veloci
Page 95 and 96:
The applet below shows a longitudin
Page 97 and 98:
http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationReso
Page 99 and 100:
Java don’t work? http://jingyan.b
Page 101 and 102:
Java don’t work? http://jingyan.b
Page 103 and 104:
As can be noted by the equation, a
Page 105 and 106:
The two velocities of sound are lin
Page 107 and 108:
Sensitivity and resolution are two
Page 109 and 110:
2.5.2 Grain Size & Frequency Select
Page 111 and 112:
Since more things in a material are
Page 113 and 114:
Detectability variable: • pulse l
Page 115 and 116:
Q7: When a material grain size is o
Page 117:
Pulse Length: A sound pulse traveli
Page 120 and 121:
Determining cross sectional area us
Page 122 and 123:
Pulse volume rule-of-thumb: Competi
Page 124 and 125:
When sound travels through a medium
Page 126 and 127:
Scattering: Grain Size and Wave Fre
Page 128 and 129:
Spreading/ Scattering / adsorption
Page 130 and 131:
The units of the attenuation value
Page 132 and 133:
Attenuation can be determined by ev
Page 134 and 135:
A o Ut A
Page 137 and 138:
2.6.3 Frequency selection There is
Page 139 and 140:
Q94: In general, which of the follo
Page 141 and 142:
Q7: When the material grain size is
Page 143 and 144:
Transmission & Reflection Animation
Page 145 and 146:
The following applet can be used to
Page 147 and 148:
Reflection/Transmission Energy as a
Page 149 and 150:
2.8: Reflection and Transmission Co
Page 151 and 152:
Since the amount of reflected energ
Page 153 and 154:
Note that the reflection and transm
Page 155 and 156:
If reflection and transmission at i
Page 157 and 158:
Incident Wave other than Normal? -
Page 159 and 160:
Further Reading (Olympus Technical
Page 161 and 162:
Further Reading: Reflection & Trans
Page 163 and 164:
2.9: Refraction and Snell's Law
Page 165:
V s1 Only If this medium support sh
Page 168 and 169: http://www.ni.com/white-paper/3368/
Page 172 and 173: Note that in the diagram, there is
Page 174 and 175: Snell Law
Page 176 and 177: Snell Law
Page 178 and 179: Example: Snell’s Law L-wave and S
Page 180 and 181: Snell Law: First critical angle
Page 182 and 183: Q155 Which of the following can occ
Page 184: Q: When angle beam contact testing
Page 192 and 193: Snell Law: http://techcorr.com/serv
Page 194 and 195: More on Snell Law Like light, when
Page 196 and 197: http://www.ndtcalc.com/calculators.
Page 198 and 199: Mode Conversion http://www.ndt-ed.o
Page 200 and 201: Snell's Law holds true for shear wa
Page 202 and 203: In the applet below, the shear (tra
Page 204 and 205: Creep wave
Page 206 and 207: Beyond the first critical angle, on
Page 208 and 209: Note that the applet defaults to co
Page 210 and 211: Offset of Normal probe above circul
Page 212 and 213: Refraction and mode conversion at n
Page 220 and 221: Q72. In a water immersion test, ult
Page 222 and 223: Q53. The term used to determined th
Page 224 and 225: The absolute noise level and the ab
Page 226 and 227: Sound Volume: Area x pulse length M
Page 228: Acoustic Volume: w x w y ∆t
Page 231 and 232: Determining cross sectional area us
Page 233 and 234: 4. Decreases in materials with high
Page 235 and 236: Pulse Length Affect Resolution
Page 237 and 238: Transducer cut-out http://ichun-che
Page 239 and 240: UT Transducer
Page 241 and 242: UT Transducer- Surface creep wave t
Page 243 and 244: UT Transducer
Page 245 and 246: When the origins of the two interac
Page 247 and 248: However, as stated previously, soun
Page 249 and 250: Q5: Acoustic pressure along the bea
Page 251 and 252: Of course, there are more than two
Page 253 and 254: 2.12.3 Fresnel & Fraunhofer Zone Fr
Page 255 and 256: The Near Field (Fresnel)- Wave Inte
Page 257 and 258: Fresnel / Fraunhofer Zone
Page 259 and 260: Near field (near zone) or Fresnel z
Page 261 and 262: Near/ Far Fields
Page 263 and 264: where D is the diameter of the tran
Page 265 and 266: Fresnel & Fraunhofer Zone 10dB, K-0
Page 267 and 268: Fresnel & Fraunhofer Zone
Page 269 and 270:
Q: Where does beam divergence occur
Page 271 and 272:
Q160 Beam divergence is a function
Page 273 and 274:
Dead Zone - The interval following
Page 275 and 276:
Dead Zone -The initial pulse is a t
Page 277 and 278:
Dead Zone http://www.ni.com/white-p
Page 279 and 280:
Q36: To eliminate the decrease in s
Page 281 and 282:
Large Reflector Inverse Rule
Page 283:
Small Reflector Inverse Square Rule
Page 287 and 288:
Fundamental Frequency The lowest re
Page 289 and 290:
Transducers Piezoelectric Thickness
Page 291 and 292:
Application Case#1: The specimen's
Page 293 and 294:
Application Case#2: Electromagnetic
Page 295 and 296:
Q7: The resonance frequency of 2cm
Page 297 and 298:
dB is a measures of ratio of 2 valu
Page 299 and 300:
The Decibel The equation used to de
Page 301 and 302:
Why is the dB unit used? Use of dB
Page 303 and 304:
Use of the dB in Sound Measurements
Page 305 and 306:
Since transducers and microphones p
Page 307 and 308:
Sound Levels- Relative
Page 309 and 310:
Practice:
Page 311:
“Absolute" Sound Levels Whenever
Page 314 and 315:
Absolute: The standard reference so
Page 316 and 317:
Exercise: ANSWER Find the absolute
Page 318 and 319:
Relative dB: Example Calculation 1
Page 320 and 321:
Example Calculation 3 Consider the
Page 322 and 323:
2.16 Practice Makes Perfect
Page 324 and 325:
Q104: If an ultrasonic wave is tran
Page 326 and 327:
学习总是开心事
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
show all

Section 2: Physics of Ultrasound

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?