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I. MAC, N. HODOR, MARIA HOSU 14. Săndulescu, M., Visarion, M., Stănică, D., Stănică, M., Atanasiu, L (1993), Deep Structure of the Inner Carpathians in the Maramureş-Tisa Zone (East Carpathians), Romanian Journal of Geophysics, 16, Bucharest. 15. Schreiber, W.E. (1989), Volcanic relief in the Eastern Carpathians, Geomorphology and Geoecology, vol. II, International Conference on Geomorphology, Abstracts, Frankfurt am Main. 16. Seghedi, I., Szakacs, A., Mason, P.R.D. (1995), Petrogenesis and magmatic evolution in the East Carpathian Neogene volcanic arc (Romania), Acta vulcanologica, 7. 17. Szekely, A. (1989), Geomorphology of the Intra-Carpathian volcanic range, in Geomorphological and Geoecological Essays, Studies in Geography in Hungary, 25, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest. 18. Şileam, T. (1999), ProspecŃiuni geofizice, în Sinteza datelor geologice, geochimice şi geofizice din aria MunŃilor Oaş – Gutâi – łibleş, vol. I, IPEG Maramureş. 30
STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOGRAPHIA, LIV, 2, 2009 CLASSIFICATION OF MUD VOLCANOES OF THE EASTERN AND CENTRAL PART OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN DEPRESSION ANDREA GÁL 1 ABSTRACT. – Classification of Mud Volcanoes of the Eastern and Central Part of the Transylvanian Depression. Mud volcanoes of the eastern and central part of the Transylvanian Depression have been studied by Bányai (1932), Bartkó (1944) and Vancea (1929) who suggested several different classifications depending on their observations on the mud volcanoes. Having these typologies as a starting point and using the information after studying approximately 60 mud volcanoes from 20 localities (Monor – BistriŃa-Năsăud county, Sânger, Vălişoara, Maia, Cându, Sângeorgiu de Pădure – Mureş county, Atid, Corund, Băile Seiche, ForŃeni, Morăreni, Cobăteşti, Mihăileni, Goagiu, Porumbenii Mici, Filiaş, Dârjiu, Crăciunel, Sânpaul – Harghita county şi Băile Homorod – Braşov county) a new classification of mud volcanoes in the eastern and central part of the Transylvanian Depression has been established. The classification has been made from the point of view of morphology and the internal structure until the maximal depth of 8.5m. We distinguish four types: gryphon, mud mound, mud crater and mud pool. Keywords: mud volcano, types, Transylvanian Depression, Romania. 1. INTRODUCTION Mud volcanoes are one of the world’s most dynamic and unstable phenomena. They differ from the igneous volcanoes in genesis, discharged material, forms and activity, all being of much smaller amplitude. Some of the mud volcanoes (mostly those from Azerbaijan) resemble igneous volcanoes in the fact that they erupt forcefully with very high flames (some thousands of meters), extruding/discharging million cubic meters of gas and tones of mud (Jevanshir, 1997; Dimitrov, 2002; Kholodov, 2002a, b; Kopf, 2002). Nevertheless most of them emit constantly or periodically mud under the pressure of gas without eruptions. Mud volcanoes related to natural gas emissions are very widespread in the Transylvanian Depression. They appear in different geologic, tectonic and topographic settings, having very diverse surface expressions. These very dynamic phenomena have been mentioned for the first time in 1610 (Szabó, 2002 fide Wanek, 2008) and scientifically documented beginning with the 19 th century (Binder, 1844; Andrae, 1853, etc.) in 65 Transylvanian localities. Some of these have ceased their activity or have disappeared as a result of humane interference (mostly the ones situated in populated areas). On the other hand some new mud volcanoes have been identified which have never been recorded before. In the eastern and central part of the Transylvanian Depression a total number of 60 mud volcanoes have been identified and studied from 20 localities. 1 “Babeş-Bolyai” University, Faculty of Geography, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, e-mail: gal.andi@yahoo.com
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