Publicly funded automotive research in EU.pdf - EAGAR

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EAGAR – Publicly funded automotive research by the European Commission 2 Description of the main WP results 2.1 General Information and Automotive Data Europe is a continent with 46 sovereign countries covering 10,180,000 km² and with a population of 731 million. Within this continent a federation of today 27 European countries was established in 1992, the European Union (EU), with a population of about 500 million. 16 states of the EU use the EURO as currency. The European Union is the strongest economy worldwide with a total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 12,303 billion Euro 1 . Figure 1: Flag of Europe The role and importance of road transport in Europe and significance of domestic automotive industry As pointed out by the CARS 21 High-level Group 2 the automotive industry and its products play an essential role in European life and can justifiably be considered to be among its main pillars. The automotive industry contributes essentially to providing the European public and economy with increased mobility. In 2007 4,688 billion passenger kilometres were travelled by road, on average nearly 9,500 km for every EU citizen. 15.6 million Passenger cars and 2.1 million Light Duty vehicles (< 3.5t) were registered. On average 464 people per 1000 owned a car in 2007. In the same year 1,927 billion tonne-km goods were transported by road and 740,000 commercial vehicles (> 3.5t) were registered as well as 2.2 million motorcycles and mopeds 3 . Europe is worldwide the largest car manufacturer and exports more cars and automotive parts than it needs to import. Furthermore, the automotive industry had a turnover of 175,266 billion Euro and employed 2.3 million people (2006). Evidence suggests that domestic upstream inputs into the production of the automotive industry amount to twice the value added in the industry itself. It is therefore not surprising that the automotive sector is at the heart of Europe’s debate on industrial competitiveness. If jobs in industries and services supplying the automotive industry are taken into account, employment is increased 3-4 times. 4 National spending and funding for research and technological development In 2007 the EU spent EUR 228.66 billion on R&D, which is 1.85 % of the GDP. The automotive industry turnover was EUR 175,266 billion, which is 1.4 % of the total GDP. “The 2009 industrial R&D investment Scoreboard” ranks the automotive industry as the largest private investor in R&D in the EU. In 2008 the category ‘automobiles and parts’ and ‘commercial vehicles and trucks’ (representing the top 65 companies) showed an annual investment in R&D of 32.8 billion Euro 5 . Obviously the actual 1 Eurostat Yearbook of 2009 2 European Commission, CARS 21 A Competitive Automotive Regulatory System for the 21st century, Final Report, Brussels, 2006 3 European Commission, EU energy and transport in figures, statistical pocketbook 2009, ISSN1725-1095, Belgium, 2009. 4 Loire Patrick et al, Comprehensive Analysis of the Evolution of the European Automotive industry, 2008 5 European Commission, 2009 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard. 6/57
EAGAR – Publicly funded automotive research by the European Commission number was even higher, as the scoreboard presents only information on the automotive companies listed within the top 1,000 EU companies and it does not include all automotive supplying sectors. 2.2 National Funding Organisations and Hierarchies for Automotive Research The structure and governance of the funding system The report covers the targets, programmes, hierarchies for automotive research governed by the European Commission (EC). It does not consider the EU Member States, which are discussed in additional EAGAR reports. The EC embodies and upholds the interests of its Union. The funding and financial bases therefore originate in the different European Member States and countries which are associated to the EU Framework Programmes for RTD. The structure of the European funding system, limited to the entities which are relevant for automotive research, is displayed below. European Parliament European Council Public consultation Process European Commission FP7 Transport Programme Committee DG Research DG MOVE DG INFSO ERTRAC JU FCH (Fuel Cell and Hydrogen) JU ARTEMIS (Embedded Systems) JU ENIAC (Nanoelectronics) Transport Advisory Group Ad-hoc Advisory Group Companies Research Institutes Universities Government Funding and administration Programmes, institutions getting funding and launching programmes R & D performers Figure 2: structure of funding system in Europe, simplified, April 2010 (source: EAGAR) Funding organisations and key players The European Commission is the EU's executive body. It represents and upholds the interests of Europe as a whole. It drafts proposals for new European laws and manages the day-to-day business of implementing EU policies as well as spending EU funds. The Commission also ensures that everyone abides by the European treaties and laws. 7/57
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