Plant Protection 3 : Selected Ornamentals, Fruit and Vegetables

EVERLASTINGS
SELECTED REFERENCES
Armitage, A. M. 1993. Speciality Cut Flowers. Varsity
Press/Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
Australian Daisy Study Group. 1987. Australian Daisies
for Gardens and Floral Art. Lothian Pub.,
Melbourne.
Australian Plant Study Group. 1990. Grow What Where:
Over 2750 Australian Native Plants for Every
Situation, Special Use and Problem Area. Viking
O'Neil, Ringwood, Vic.
Baker, J., Greig, J and Schaumann, M. 1987. Australian
Daisies for Gardens and Floral Art. Australian
Daisy Study Group, Lothian Pub., Melbourne.
Boucher, A. 1995. AFPGA Conference : Talking,
Learning, Growing. Aust. Hort., Oct.
Common, I. F. B. and Waterhouse, D. F. 1981.
Butterflies of Australia. CSIRO, Melbourne.
Common, I. F. B. 1990. Moths of Australia. Melbourne
University Press, Melbourne.
Coupar, P. and M. 1992. Butterflies and Moths of
Australia. NSW University Press, Sydney .
Jones, D. L. and Elliot, W. R. 1986. Pests, Diseases &
Ailments of Australian Plants. reprinted 1995.
Lothian Pub., Melbourne.
Lake, J. 1993. Growing Rice Flower. Aust. Hort., Sept.
Moody, H. 1995. Name Changes May Confuse but
Paper Daisies Live On. Aust. Hort., June.
Pirone, P. P. 1978. Diseases & Pests of Ornamental
Plants. 5th edn. John Wiley & Sons, NY.
Salinger, J. P. 1985. Commercial Flower Growing.
Butterworths, Wellington, NZ.
Sharman, K. 1993. Australian Daisies Deserve Wider
Recognition. Aust. Hort., Sept.
Sharman, K. V. and Sedgely, M. 1988. Floral Initiation
and Development in Helipterum roseum (Hook.)
Benth. and Helichrysum bracteatum (Vent) Andrews
(Asteraceae). Aust. J. Bot. 30:575-587.
Sharman, K., Sedley, M. and Aspinall, D. 1989a.
Australian Daisies Break New Ground. Aust. Hort.,
May:
Sharman, K., Sedley, M. and Aspinall, D. 1989b. Effects
of Photoperiod, Temperature and Plant Age on
Floral Initiation and Inflorescence Quality in the
Australian Native Daisies Helipterum roseum and
Helichrysum bracteatum in relation to Cut Flower
Production. J. Hort. Sci. 64:351-359.
Sharman, K., Sedley, M. and Aspinall, D. 1989c.
Production of Australian Daisies (Helipterum
roseum and Helichrysum bracteatum) for the Cut
Flower Market. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 29:445-453.
Schaumann, M. 1987. Australian Daisies for Gardens &
Floral Art. Lothian Pub., Melbourne.
Wrigley, J. W. 1988. Australian Native Plants :
Propagation, Cultivation & Use in Landscaping. 3rd
edn. Collins, Sydney.
State/Territory Departments of Agriculture/Primary
Industry eg
WA Farmnotes
Wildflower Production : Everlasting Daisies
Wildflower Production : Getting Started
Wildflower Production : Industry Contacts
Associations, Journals etc.
Australian Flora and Protea Growers Assoc. (AFPGA)
Australian Plants
GrowSearch (database Qld DPI)
Society for Growing Australian Plants (Australian Daisy
Study Group, Newsletter)
See Annuals and herbaceous perennials A 10,
Australian native plants N 9.
MANAGEMENT
Remember, always check
for recent references
H. bracteatum is a perennial but is usually grown as an annual and may reach 1 m in height. There is a wide
colour range. Propagated by cuttings or by seed from disease and pest-free plants. Sow seeds in autumn or
spring, transplant when 50-70 mm high (in areas with little frost sow seed in late summer, but sow in spring
where winters are colder). Everlastings require a warm sunny position and grow well in most garden soils with
the addition of fertilisers. They tolerate harsh conditions better than most garden annuals but need regular
irrigation in dry weather. Plant should not be pruned back below the leaves as they fail to regrow. If bushes
have become overgrown it is better to propagate new plants. Harvest: No quality standards have been defined
yet for everlastings. Harvest blooms when the bracts first start to open, a bloom of 30 mm should be expected
from both H. bracteatum and H. roseum, while stem length for H. roseum should have in excess of 400 mm;
stem length for H. bracteatum is not critical as most blooms are wired. Wiring the flower heads is appropriate for
a number of species especially those with weak stems and large blooms (Sharman et al. 1989c). For dried
flowers cut when flowers are half open, tie in bunches and hang head downwards in a cool place for drying, dried
flowers will last for many months. Blooms of H. roseum have a vase life of 2 weeks in water after which stems
weaken and flowers begin to nod. Vase life may be extended by using a floral preservative, removing leaves
below the water line and changing vase water frequently. H. bracteatum may also be suitable as a compact,
flowering pot plant; pinching the apical shoot when the inflorescence bud first appears results in numerous
short lateral shoots each with numerous blooms (Sharman et al. 1989b).
Fig. 37. Tomato big bud (greening) on
Helichrysum bracteatum.
Fig. 38. Chewing damage to
leaves by caterpillars of
Tebenna micalis
Fig. 39. Tunnels caused by
maggots of the cineraria
leafminer (Chromatomyia
syngenesiae).
A 32
ANNUALS AND HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS