Plant Protection 3 : Selected Ornamentals, Fruit and Vegetables

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Acknowledgements The author would like to express her appreciation of the many people, organizations and companies, whose contributions have made this book possible: Advice, encouragement Computing assistance Editing assistance Library assistance Australian plants Bromeliads Bulbs Cacti Fungal diseases Nurseries Palms Soil, potting mix, water, tissue culture, hydroponics Turfgrasses Bill Kerruish Phillip Unger, Canberra Institute of Technology, ACT Douglas Kerruish, Horticulturist, Canberra, ACT Douglas Jones, Canberra Institute of Technology, ACT John Kerruish, Sydney Kay Dixon, Hughes, ACT Chris McKenna, Turner, ACT Horticulture Library, Canberra Institute of Technology, ACT National Library, ACT John Nightingale, Australian National Botanic Gardens, ACT The Bromeliad Society of Australia, Brisbane Tesselaar's Padua Bulb Farm, Silvan, Victoria Frank Grossbechler, Narrabundah, ACT John Duff, Dept. of Primary Industries, Darwin Ian Pascoe, Dept. of Agriculture, Melbourne John Walker, NSW Agriculture and Fisheries, Sydney Keith Bodman, Qld Dept. of Primary Industries, Qld John Duff, Dept. of Primary Industries, Darwin Paul Weiss, Canberra Institute of Technology, ACT John Clark, ACT Parks and Conservation, ACT Bruce Davies, Canberra Institute of Technology, ACT Drawings, diagrams, charts, photographs and labels reproduced for educational purposes A detailed list of the individuals, organizations and companies who have given permission to reproduce the material for educational purposes only is on the following pages This book is dedicated to the many students whose interest in Plant Protection ensured the book's completion iv
Acknowledgements (contd) The following drawings, diagrams, charts, photographs and labels are reproduced for educational purposes only with permission of: PhotoCanberra Institute of Technology. Fig.2.Tomato big bud symptoms – chrysanthemum Fig.6.Grey mould – rose petals Fig.7.Fungal leaf spots – kangaroo paw Fig.9.Sclerotium stem rot – sunflower Fig.10.Rust – hollyhock stems Fig.13.Vine moth caterpillars – impatiens Fig.14.Whiteflies on leaf undersurface Fig.15.Leafhopper damage – marigolds Fig.16.Leafminer damage – nasturtium Fig.17.Twospotted mite damage to leaves – violets Fig.18.Thrips in flowers Fig.19.Snail damage – kangaroo paw Fig.25.Tomato big bud symptoms – Dianthus Fig.26.Fungal leaf spots – carnation Fig.30.Fungal leaf spots – chrysanthemum Fig.34.Chrysanthem gall midge – chrysanthemum Fig.35.Cineraria leafminer damage – chrysanthemum Fig.36.Cineraria leafminer damage – sowthistle Fig.37.Tomato big bud (greening) – everlasting Fig.38.Caterpillar damage – everlasting Fig.39.Cineraria leafminer damage – everlasting Fig.40.Greening – gazania Fig.41.Snail damage (skeletonization) – gazania Fig.42.Virus symptoms – geranium leaf Fig.44.Geranium plume moth caterpillar Fig.46.Twpotted mite webbing – gypsophila Fig.48.Budworms – snapdragon. Fig.52.Split stems due to frost – stock Fig.53.Armoured scales – bromeliads Fig.55.Whitish waxy bloom on leaves – bromeliads Fig.57.Flower breaking virus – tulip Fig.58.Virus symptom on leaves – tulips Fig.62.Sclerotium rolfsii – onion Fig.65.Aphids – garlic Fih.68.Gladiolus thrips injury – gladiolus Fig.69.Slime moulds – onion Fig.70.Couchgrass growing through bulb – nerine Fig.75.Snail damage and burying too deeply – daffodil Fig.82.Flower breaking virus and chimera – tulip Fig.85.Armoured scales – cactus Fig.87.Opuntia cactus Fig.88.Weeds in containers – cacti Fig.91.Soft scales – fern Fig.96.Anthracnose – bananas Fig.97.Black rot – pawpaw; Penicillium mould – citrus Fig.108.Bird damage – apple Fig.109.Frost damage – Santa Rosa plum Fig.116.Small citrus butterfly caterpillar Fig.119.Citrus bud mite symptoms Fig.128.Grapevine moth caterpillar – diseased Fig.130.Grapeleaf blister mite symptoms and hormone herbicide injury Fig.132.Hen and chickens (poor fruit set) – grapevine Fig.142.Passionfruit woodiness virus – leaves Fig.146.Apple mosaic symptoms Fig.147.Black spot, scab – pear Fig.154.Pearleaf blister mite symptoms Fig.155.Pear and cherry slug – larvae and damage Fig.156.San Jose scale – apple, cherry Fig.157.Woolly aphid – apple Fig.158.Bacterial canker (gumming) – stone fruit Fig.162.Peach leaf curl – nectarine fruit Fig.163.Black peach aphids; cherry aphid and green peach aphid symptoms Fig.164.Oriental fruit moth damage – peach shoots Fig.165.Pear and cherry slug and damage Fig.167.Grey mould (Botrytis) – strawberry Fig.168.Fungal leaf spot – strawberry Fig.179.Scarab grubs – strawberry Fig.171.Bacterial blight – walnut Fig.172.Walnut blister mite damage Fig.176.Pollution spots on flowers – orchids Fig.179.Twospotted mites and webbing – palm Fig.191.Plage thrips in flowers Fig.192.Rose scale Fig.196.Camellia yellow mottle virus Fig.208.Spittle bug Fig.211.Leafhopper symptoms – mulberry Fig.213.Armoured scale – aucuba Fig.214.Christmas beetle – eucalypt Fig.215.Greenhouse thrips silvering, excreta – viburnum Fig.216.Weevil injury – camellia Fig.219.Pot bound roots Fig.223.Tar spot – callistemon Fig.224.Callistemon sawfly larvae Fig.225.Capsule moth cases – callistemon Fig.226.Leafmining damage – callistemon Fig.227.Leafrolling thrips symptoms – callistemon Fig.228.Pimple psyllid symptoms – callistemon Fig.230.Juniper aphids Fig.232.Cypress pine sawfly larvae PhotoCanberra Institute of Technology. Fig.234.Virus symptoms on daphne Fig.236.Ramularia shoot blight Fig.241.Eucalypt tip bugs Fig.243.Cup moth caterpillars Fig.245.Apiomorpha galls – eucalypt Fig.250.Lerps – eucalypts Fig.251.Blister mite damage – eucalypt Fig.253.Steelblue sawfly larvae (spitfires) – eucalypt Fig.256.Fungal leaf spots – hakea Fig.257.Doubleheaded hawk moth caterpillar – hakea Fig.258.Leafmining damage – hakea Fig.260.Star psyllids – kurrajong Fig.262.Black scale on stems Fig.267.Pittosporum leafmining galls Fig.270.Weevil damage – tamarisk Fig.271.Webbing moth frass – melaleuca Fig.273.Gall rust – wattle Fig.274.Leaf rust – wattle Fig.277.Wattle mealybug and wattle tick scale – wattle Fig.278.Woolly giant mealybug Fig.279.Spring dead spot - turf Fig.284.Fairy rings in turf Fig.285.Slime moulds – turf Fig.287.Lawnmower injury – tree trunk Fig.291.Tomato spotted wilt symptoms – capsicum Fig.292.Virus symptoms – potato tubers Fig.294.Fungal leaf spot – rhubarb Fig.300.Root knot nematode galls – carrot Fig.305.Whiteflies on leaf undersurface Fig.306.Leafhoppers – potato leaves Fig.309.Onion thrips symptoms Fig.311.Sunscald symptoms – capsicum Fig.312.Forked and split carrots Figs.316,317.Twospotted mite and damage Fig.323.Aphids – cabbage Fig.326.Snail and slug damage – cabbage Fig.327. Molybdenum deficiency – cauliflower Fig.328.Cabbage splitting Fig.329.Virus symptoms – cucumber fruit Fig.332.Cold injury – butternut pumpkin Fig.333.Oedema – pumpkin Fig.342.Mycosphaerella blight – peas Fig.345.Twospotted mite webbing – peas Fig.347.Albino pea seedlings Fig.355.Aphid nymph skins – sweetcorn leaves Fig.356.Corn earworm damage Fig.357.Faulty tasselling –sweetcorn Fig.358.Grapevine hawk moth caterpillar Fig.360.Tomato spotted wilt – tomato fruit Fig.361.Tomato big bud – tomato Fig.364.Green vegetable bugs – tomato Fig.365.Corn earworm damage – tomato Fig.368.Blossom-end rot - tomato Fig.369.Kennedia mosaic virus symptoms Fig.375.Gall rust – wattle Fig.378.Crusader bug nymph – wattle Fig.379.Emperor moth caterpillar – eucalypt Fig.380.Yellow leafhoppers –pelargonium Fig.382.Flea beetle damage – Solanum Fig.383.Leafminer damage – Lomatia Fig.384.Psyllids (fluffy) – callistemon Fig.385.Witches’ broom – casuarina Fig.386.Spitfires (sawfly larvae) – eucalypt Fig.387.Cottonycushion scale – wattle Fig.388.Caterpillar damage to seed – hakea Fig.389.Tip borer damage – callistemon Fig.391.Fasciation – wattle Fig.393.Azlea leaf gall Fig.401.Thrips silvering – rubber plant Fig.402.Greenhouse whiteflies Fig.403.Longtailed mealybug Fig.405.Soft scale – fern Fig.408.Mosaic – horse radish Fig.409.Fungal leaf spot – horse radish Fig.410.Rust – chives Fig.411.Pink wax scale – bay tree Fig.412.Meayblugs – calendula Fig.415.Looper – perlargonium Fig.416.Greenhouse thrips damage – Auricaria Fig.417.Greenhouse whitefies Fig.418.Mealybugs Fig.419.Twospotted mite symptoms Fig.420.Soft scales – Platycerium Fig.421.Oedema rings – umbrella tree Fig.427.Blue mould – citrus Fig.428.Brown rot – peach Fig.430.Thrips in flowers Fig.431.Fruit fly maggots – nectarine Fig.433.Damping off – seedlings Fig.448.Crown gall – loganberry Fig.451.Pupae of steelblue sawfly in soil v
Page 1 and 2: PLANT PROTECTION 3 Selected Ornamen
Page 3 and 4: PLANT PROTECTION 3 Selected Ornamen
Page 5: Disclaimer This book is a guide onl
Page 9 and 10: Contents Copyright Disclaimer Ackno
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS TREES, SHRUBS AND CLIMBERS
Page 13 and 14: Preface Plant Protection is a dynam
Page 15 and 16: PREFACE Monthly calendar of activit
Page 17 and 18: PREFACE Growers GrowerTalks GrowSea
Page 19 and 20: Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials F
Page 21 and 22: ANNUALS AND HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS F
Page 23 and 24: ANNUALS AND HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS B
Page 25 and 26: ANNUALS AND HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS S
Page 27 and 28: ANNUALS AND HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS M
Page 29 and 30: ANNUALS AND HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS D
Page 31 and 32: Pesticide dusts are difficult if no
Page 33 and 34: CALENDULA MANAGEMENT Selection Hort
Page 35 and 36: CARNATION Damping off (Pythium, Rhi
Page 37 and 38: CARNATION leaves, death of terminal
Page 39 and 40: China aster Callistephus chinensis
Page 41 and 42: Chrysanthemum Florists' chrysanthem
Page 43 and 44: CHRYSANTHEMUM Cotton aphid, melon a
Page 45 and 46: CHRYSANTHEMUM Postharvest Harvest:
Page 47 and 48: Pest cycle: Complete metamorphosis
Page 49 and 50: Everlastings Native daisies, paper
Page 51 and 52: Gazania Gazania spp. Family Asterac
Page 53 and 54: GERANIUM, PELARGONIUM Rust (P. morr
Page 55 and 56: Gerbera South African daisy Transva
Page 57 and 58:
GERBERA Resistant varieties: Cultiv
Page 59 and 60:
GYPSOPHILA Nowak, J. and Rudnicki,
Page 61 and 62:
Kangaroo paw Anigozanthos spp. Fami
Page 63 and 64:
Marigold Tagetes spp., Tagetes hybr
Page 65 and 66:
Petunia Petunia hybrida Family Sola
Page 67 and 68:
Poppy Field poppy, Flanders poppy (
Page 69 and 70:
Snapdragon Antirrhinum spp. (Antirr
Page 71 and 72:
Statice Sea lavender Limonium spp.
Page 73 and 74:
STOCK INSECTS AND ALLIED PESTS Non-
Page 75 and 76:
VIOLET, PANSY INSECTS AND ALLIED PE
Page 77 and 78:
Bromeliads Fig. 53. Tiny armoured s
Page 79 and 80:
BROMELIADS scale more difficult to
Page 81 and 82:
Bulbs, Corms, Rhizomes and Tubers F
Page 83 and 84:
BULBS. CORMS. RHIZOMES AND TUBERS F
Page 85 and 86:
BULBS, CORMS, RHIZOMES AND TUBERS c
Page 87 and 88:
BULBS, CORMS, RHIZOMES AND TUBERS N
Page 89 and 90:
weeds can be treated with phenoxy c
Page 91 and 92:
Anemone, Ranunculus Anemone spp. An
Page 93 and 94:
ANEMONE, RANUNCULUS 2. Planting: Do
Page 95 and 96:
BEGONIA INSECTS AND ALLIED PESTS Ap
Page 97 and 98:
CYCLAMEN Description and damage: Mi
Page 99 and 100:
Daffodil, jonquil Narcissus spp. Da
Page 101 and 102:
DAFFODIL, JONQUIL Aphids feed on ne
Page 103 and 104:
DAFFODIL, JONQUIL Healthy basal pla
Page 105 and 106:
DAHLIA patches appear first on unde
Page 107 and 108:
Freesia Freesia hybrida Family Irid
Page 109 and 110:
Gladiolus Gladiolus spp. Family Iri
Page 111 and 112:
GLADIOLUS Stromatinia rot (Stromati
Page 113 and 114:
GLADIOLUS MANAGEMENT Selection Hort
Page 115 and 116:
Hyacinth Hyacinthus spp. Hyacinth (
Page 117 and 118:
Iris Iris spp. Bulbous (Dutch, dwar
Page 119 and 120:
IRIS MANAGEMENT Selection Horticult
Page 121 and 122:
LILY SELECTED REFERENCES Common, I.
Page 123 and 124:
appearance, and cluster under bulb
Page 125 and 126:
Zantedeschia Arum lily, calla lily
Page 127 and 128:
Cacti Fig. 84. Longtailed mealybugs
Page 129 and 130:
CACTI Twospotted mite (Tetranychus
Page 131 and 132:
Ferns Fig. 89. Symptoms of foliar n
Page 133 and 134:
FERNS Biological control: Nematodes
Page 135 and 136:
FERNS sheep. New fronds and spores
Page 137 and 138:
Fruit and Nuts Fig. 95. Left : Line
Page 139 and 140:
FRUIT AND NUTS Fig. 104. Fruit-tree
Page 141 and 142:
FRUIT AND NUTS Anthracnose FUNGAL D
Page 143 and 144:
FRUIT AND NUTS Powdery mildews (Ery
Page 145 and 146:
FRUIT AND NUTS Fruit flies Fruit fl
Page 147 and 148:
FRUIT AND NUTS Spread: By moths fly
Page 149 and 150:
FRUIT AND NUTS Established infestat
Page 151 and 152:
FRUIT AND NUTS SELECTED REFERENCES
Page 153 and 154:
FRUIT AND NUTS Establishment Legisl
Page 155 and 156:
AVOCADO Others: Various wood rots,
Page 157 and 158:
Swaine, G., Ironside, D. A. and Con
Page 159 and 160:
BANANA Squirter (Nigrospora sphaeri
Page 161 and 162:
BANANA conditions under plastic bun
Page 163 and 164:
Blueberry Vaccinium spp. Family Eri
Page 165 and 166:
Bush Fruits and Nuts There are abun
Page 167 and 168:
Cashew Anarcardium occidentale Fami
Page 169 and 170:
Citrus Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi)
Page 171 and 172:
CITRUS Phytophthora diseases Phytop
Page 173 and 174:
CITRUS Caterpillars pupate on hosts
Page 175 and 176:
CITRUS Spider mites (Tetranychidae)
Page 177 and 178:
CITRUS Scales (Eriococcidae, Hemipt
Page 179 and 180:
CITRUS Others: Giant termite (Masto
Page 181 and 182:
Walker, R. R. (ed.). 1988. Citrus B
Page 183 and 184:
CITRUS Fig. 120. Armoured scales (D
Page 185 and 186:
CURRANTS, ENGLISH GOOSEBERRY Others
Page 187 and 188:
Custard apple Annona spp. Atemoya,
Page 189 and 190:
CUSTARD APPLE Twospotted mite (Tetr
Page 191 and 192:
Fig Ficus carica, Ficus spp. Family
Page 193 and 194:
cause dieback. Spread on shoes, fee
Page 195 and 196:
GRAPEVINE FUNGAL DISEASES Black rot
Page 197 and 198:
GRAPEVINE Bugs (Hemiptera) Metallic
Page 199 and 200:
GRAPEVINE Favoured in hot inland gr
Page 201 and 202:
GRAPEVINE State/Territory Departmen
Page 203 and 204:
Guava Common guava (Psidium guajava
Page 205 and 206:
Others: Fruit-tree borer (Maroga me
Page 207 and 208:
KIWI FRUIT Caterpillars (Lepidopter
Page 209 and 210:
Lychee Lychee nut, litchi Litchi ch
Page 211 and 212:
LYCHEE SELECTED REFERENCES Baxter,
Page 213 and 214:
MACADAMIA the shell. However, kerne
Page 215 and 216:
MACADAMIA SELECTED REFERENCES Allen
Page 217 and 218:
MANGO cashew. Caterpillars are yell
Page 219 and 220:
MANGO MANAGEMENT The mango is an ev
Page 221 and 222:
Silkworm (Bombyx mori, Bombycidae,
Page 223 and 224:
uncommon pest of olives. Adult fema
Page 225 and 226:
PAPAW Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca
Page 227 and 228:
Passionfruit Purple or black passio
Page 229 and 230:
PASSIONFRUIT and leaves in late spr
Page 231 and 232:
PASSIONFRUIT MANAGEMENT Purple pass
Page 233 and 234:
PEANUT Fungal leaf spots may cause
Page 235 and 236:
Pecan Carya illinoensis Family Jugl
Page 237 and 238:
Persimmon Oriental or Japanese pers
Page 239 and 240:
Pineapple Ananas comosus Family Bro
Page 241 and 242:
PINEAPPLE Scarab beetles, canegrubs
Page 243 and 244:
Pome fruits Apple (Malus domestica)
Page 245 and 246:
POME FRUITS on fruit. These rapidly
Page 247 and 248:
POME FRUITS more likely to be affec
Page 249 and 250:
POME FRUITS prevent economic damage
Page 251 and 252:
POME FRUITS develop reddish blister
Page 253 and 254:
POME FRUITS Control: Biological con
Page 255 and 256:
POME FRUITS Coombs, B. (ed.). 1995.
Page 257 and 258:
POME FRUITS Fig. 149. Apple dimplin
Page 259 and 260:
Stone fruits Almond (Prunus amygdal
Page 261 and 262:
STONE FRUITS Crown gall Scientific
Page 263 and 264:
STONE FRUITS growth. Severely defol
Page 265 and 266:
STONE FRUITS INSECTS AND ALLIED PES
Page 267 and 268:
STONE FRUITS Caterpillars (Lepidopt
Page 269 and 270:
STONE FRUITS Thrips (Thripidae, Thy
Page 271 and 272:
Rust of Stone Fruits Shot-hole and
Page 273 and 274:
STONE FRUITS Fig. 163. Aphids. Top
Page 275 and 276:
Strawberry Fragaria spp. Family Ros
Page 277 and 278:
STRAWBERRY Others: Cotton aphid (Ap
Page 279 and 280:
STRAWBERRY Non-parasitic Environmen
Page 281 and 282:
Trailing berries Rubus spp. Blackbe
Page 283 and 284:
TRAILING BERRIES them to become spe
Page 285 and 286:
WALNUT Others: Anthracnose (Glomere
Page 287 and 288:
Orchids Fig. 173. Orchid viruses. L
Page 289 and 290:
ORCHIDS Overwintering: In infected
Page 291 and 292:
ORCHIDS plants become unthrifty and
Page 293 and 294:
ORCHIDS plants from wind. Orchids r
Page 295 and 296:
Palms Fig. 177. Fungal leaf spots (
Page 297 and 298:
PALMS Symptoms vary with the fungus
Page 299 and 300:
PALMS mature. Some scales are easil
Page 301 and 302:
PALMS establishment. See Trees K 21
Page 303 and 304:
Roses Fig. 183. Virus symptoms on r
Page 305 and 306:
ROSES Conditions favouring: Cool, h
Page 307 and 308:
ROSES Host range: Most species foun
Page 309 and 310:
ROSES Pest cycle: Gradual metamorph
Page 311 and 312:
ROSES plants. To remove suckers fol
Page 313 and 314:
Trees, Shrubs and Climbers Fig. 195
Page 315 and 316:
TREES, SHRUBS AND CLIMBERS Fig. 207
Page 317 and 318:
TREES, SHRUBS AND CLIMBERS Tasmania
Page 319 and 320:
TREES, SHRUBS AND CLIMBERS Resistan
Page 321 and 322:
TREES, SHRUBS AND CLIMBERS through
Page 323 and 324:
TREES, SHRUBS AND CLIMBERS Spread:
Page 325 and 326:
TREES, SHRUBS AND CLIMBERS Caterpil
Page 327 and 328:
TREES, SHRUBS AND CLIMBERS Metallic
Page 329 and 330:
TREES, SHRUBS AND CLIMBERS Termites
Page 331 and 332:
TREES, SHRUBS AND CLIMBERS Spores a
Page 333 and 334:
TREES, SHRUBS AND CLIMBERS Recent p
Page 335 and 336:
Shigo, A. L., Shigo and Tree Assocs
Page 337 and 338:
Abutilon Chinese lantern Abutilon s
Page 339 and 340:
Azalea and Rhododendron Rhododendro
Page 341 and 342:
AZALEA AND RHODODENDRON and fall. T
Page 343 and 344:
Banksia Banksia spp. Family Proteac
Page 345 and 346:
Birch Betula spp. Family Betulaceae
Page 347 and 348:
BORONIA SELECTED REFERENCES Burnett
Page 349 and 350:
BOTTLEBRUSH Leafspotting mirid bug,
Page 351 and 352:
Camellia Camellia spp Family Theace
Page 353 and 354:
egimes. Outdoors, camellia may be r
Page 355 and 356:
CASUARINA Mites (Acarina): Eriophyi
Page 357 and 358:
Conifers Order Coniferales PESTS AN
Page 359 and 360:
CONIFERS INSECTS AND ALLIED PESTS A
Page 361 and 362:
CONIFERS than twospotted mites and
Page 363 and 364:
Correa Native fuchsia Correa spp. F
Page 365 and 366:
DAPHNE Scales (Hemiptera) Armoured
Page 367 and 368:
ELM Elm leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta lute
Page 369 and 370:
Eucalypt, gum Eucalyptus spp., Cory
Page 371 and 372:
EUCALYPT Others: Karri brown rot is
Page 373 and 374:
EUCALYPT Froghoppers and spittle bu
Page 375 and 376:
EUCALYPT Resistant varieties: Diffe
Page 377 and 378:
EUCALYPT Non-parasitic Allelopathy:
Page 379 and 380:
EUCALYPT environmental problems suc
Page 381 and 382:
Euonymus Spindle tree Euonymus spp.
Page 383 and 384:
Others: Capsid bugs (Miridae, Hemip
Page 385 and 386:
Geraldton wax Chamelaucium uncinatu
Page 387 and 388:
Grevillea Grevillea spp. Family Pro
Page 389 and 390:
Hakea Hakea spp. Family Proteaceae
Page 391 and 392:
Hardenbergia False sarsaparilla (H.
Page 393 and 394:
Hibiscus Hibiscus spp. Family Malva
Page 395 and 396:
Thrips (Thripidae, Thysanoptera) Pl
Page 397 and 398:
Honeysuckle Lonicera spp. Family Ca
Page 399 and 400:
HYDRANGEA a thick liquid if squashe
Page 401 and 402:
IVY Scales (Hemiptera) Armoured sca
Page 403 and 404:
Kurrajong Kurrajong (Brachychiton p
Page 405 and 406:
Lavender Lavandula spp. Family Lami
Page 407 and 408:
Lilly-pilly Acmena smithii Family M
Page 409 and 410:
Maple Acer spp. Family Aceraceae (m
Page 411 and 412:
. Leafrolling thrips (Phaeothripida
Page 413 and 414:
Oak Quercus spp. Family Fagaceae (b
Page 415 and 416:
Oleander Nerium oleander Family Apo
Page 417 and 418:
Photinia Photinia spp. Family Rosac
Page 419 and 420:
PINE Spread: Spores formed on needl
Page 421 and 422:
PINE Pine bark beetles Scientific n
Page 423 and 424:
PINE Associations, Journals etc. Au
Page 425 and 426:
Pittosporum psyllid, pittosporum ch
Page 427 and 428:
PLANE TREE Fungal leaf spots (Alter
Page 429 and 430:
Poplar Populus spp. Family Salicace
Page 431 and 432:
Protea Protea spp. Family Proteacea
Page 433 and 434:
Nutrient deficiencies, toxicities:
Page 435 and 436:
Tamarisk Tamarix spp. Athel tree (T
Page 437 and 438:
Plague thrips (Thrips imaginis) fee
Page 439 and 440:
Verticordia Feather flowers Vertico
Page 441 and 442:
Waratah Telopea spp. New South Wale
Page 443 and 444:
Wattle Acacia spp., Racosperma spp.
Page 445 and 446:
WATTLE It is similar to the elephan
Page 447 and 448:
WATTLE Thrips (Phlaeothripidae, Thy
Page 449 and 450:
WATTLE MANAGEMENT Wattles are grown
Page 451 and 452:
Willow Salix spp. Family Salicaceae
Page 453 and 454:
Turfgrasses Fig. 279. Spring dead s
Page 455 and 456:
Turfgrasses Family Poaceae PESTS AN
Page 457 and 458:
TURFGRASSES Fungal leaf spots Curvu
Page 459 and 460:
TURFGRASSES Take-all (Gaeumannomyce
Page 461 and 462:
TURFGRASSES (Vespula spp.) and a ho
Page 463 and 464:
TURFGRASSES Spider mites (Tetranych
Page 465 and 466:
TURFGRASSES Wireworms (Elateridae)
Page 467 and 468:
TURFGRASSES repellent, not drain fr
Page 469:
Club Atri Disease, Insect & Weed Co
Page 473 and 474:
Vegetables Fig. 291. Ringspotting o
Page 475 and 476:
VEGETABLES Fig. 303. Crickets, gras
Page 477 and 478:
VEGETABLES prevent spread within cr
Page 479 and 480:
VEGETABLES Fungal leaf spots (vario
Page 481 and 482:
VEGETABLES destroys fruiting bodies
Page 483 and 484:
VEGETABLES Conditions favouring: Li
Page 485 and 486:
VEGETABLES Caterpillars (Lepidopter
Page 487 and 488:
VEGETABLES over the infested area p
Page 489 and 490:
VEGETABLES Thrips (Thripidae, Thysa
Page 491 and 492:
VEGETABLES WEEDS Most vegetables co
Page 493 and 494:
Asparagus Asparagus officinalis Fam
Page 495 and 496:
Bean (broad) Vicia faba var. major
Page 497 and 498:
Beans (French) Phaseolus vulgaris F
Page 499 and 500:
BEANS (FRENCH) be serious in hot we
Page 501 and 502:
BEANS (FRENCH) longer than females
Page 503 and 504:
BEANS (FRENCH) adults. Good coverag
Page 505 and 506:
Beet Beet (Beta vulgaris) Beetroot
Page 507 and 508:
Non-parasitic Environment: Hail may
Page 509 and 510:
BRASSICAS Others: Crown gall (Agrob
Page 511 and 512:
BRASSICAS Rutherglen bug (Nyzius vi
Page 513 and 514:
BRASSICAS Others: Crickets, grassho
Page 515 and 516:
BRASSICAS \ Fig. 321. Black ringspo
Page 517 and 518:
CARROT NEMATODE DISEASES Root knot
Page 519 and 520:
Celery Apium graveolens Family Apia
Page 521 and 522:
CELERY black heart (see below). In
Page 523 and 524:
CUCURBITS Squash mosaic virus (SMV)
Page 525 and 526:
CUCURBITS Overwinters in infected c
Page 527 and 528:
CUCURBITS growth if they are numero
Page 529 and 530:
MANAGEMENT CUCURBITS Cucurbits are
Page 531 and 532:
LETTUCE control in hydroponic syste
Page 533 and 534:
SELECTED REFERENCES Brough, E. J.,
Page 535 and 536:
MUSHROOMS NEMATODE DISEASES Many sp
Page 537 and 538:
MUSHROOMS MUSHROOM MANAGEMENT Mushr
Page 539 and 540:
ONION prematurely. Overwinters on o
Page 541 and 542:
Vegetable weevil (Listeroderes diff
Page 543 and 544:
PARSNIP Caterpillars (Lepidoptera)
Page 545 and 546:
PEA Fungal leaf spots Septoria blot
Page 547 and 548:
Spinetailed weevil (Desiantha cauda
Page 549 and 550:
Potato Solanum tuberosum Family Sol
Page 551 and 552:
POTATO Root, stem and tuber rots, w
Page 553 and 554:
POTATO Crickets, grasshoppers, locu
Page 555 and 556:
POTATO chlorophyll, so that potatoe
Page 557 and 558:
Rhubarb Rheum rhabarbarum Family Po
Page 559 and 560:
Sweetcorn Zea mays var. saccharata
Page 561 and 562:
SWEETCORN INSECTS AND ALLIED PESTS
Page 563 and 564:
Non-parasitic Environment: Sweetcor
Page 565 and 566:
Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas Family
Page 567 and 568:
State/Territory Departments of Agri
Page 569 and 570:
TOMATO Others Cucumber mosaic virus
Page 571 and 572:
TOMATO Anthracnose, ripe fruit rot
Page 573 and 574:
TOMATO Others: Burrowing nematode (
Page 575 and 576:
TOMATO stalks become brown and smoo
Page 577 and 578:
TOMATO MANAGEMENT Most States/Terri
Page 579 and 580:
Other Plantings Fig. 369. Kennedya
Page 581 and 582:
AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS Virus dise
Page 583 and 584:
AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS NEMATODE D
Page 585 and 586:
AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS Mites (Aca
Page 587 and 588:
AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS SELECTED R
Page 589 and 590:
AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS Maintenanc
Page 591 and 592:
Bonsai PESTS AND DISEASES Non-paras
Page 593 and 594:
BONSAI Indoor bonsai must be able t
Page 595 and 596:
COMPOST (if it reaches 55-60 o C fo
Page 597 and 598:
Containers (outdoor) PESTS AND DISE
Page 599 and 600:
Garden Centres Garden centres sell
Page 601 and 602:
GREENHOUSES overcrowding; presence
Page 603 and 604:
GREENHOUSES Host range: A serious a
Page 605 and 606:
GREENHOUSES Cyclamen mite (Phytonem
Page 607 and 608:
GREENHOUSES Daughtery, M. L. and Ch
Page 609 and 610:
GREENHOUSES Table 7. Some biologica
Page 611 and 612:
Non-parasitic Poisonous properties:
Page 613 and 614:
House Plants Tropical rainforest fo
Page 615 and 616:
HOUSE PLANTS If the mean room tempe
Page 617 and 618:
HOUSE PLANTS Fig. 414. Aphids (Aphi
Page 619 and 620:
Hydroponic systems PESTS AND DISEAS
Page 621 and 622:
HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS Tomato aphids ha
Page 623 and 624:
Interior plantscapes PESTS AND DISE
Page 625 and 626:
INTERIOR PLANTSCAPES stresses and i
Page 627 and 628:
Mulches PESTS AND DISEASES Parasiti
Page 629 and 630:
Nurseries NURSERY HYGIENE 1. Legisl
Page 631 and 632:
NURSERIES Suitable storage areas sh
Page 633 and 634:
NURSERIES • Isolation from other
Page 635 and 636:
Goss, O. M. and Harrison, D. E. 197
Page 637 and 638:
Integration of new varieties into p
Page 639 and 640:
Postharvest Postharvest diseases of
Page 641 and 642:
POSTHARVEST Storage/Transport Atmos
Page 643 and 644:
Toxins: Fresh hardwood sawdust and
Page 645 and 646:
SEEDLINGS, CUTTINGS Conditions favo
Page 647 and 648:
SEEDLINGS, CUTTINGS brings about a
Page 649 and 650:
SELECTED REFERENCES Anon. 1994. The
Page 651 and 652:
SEEDLINGS, CUTTINGS Table 11. A gui
Page 653 and 654:
SEEDS storage pests which may first
Page 655 and 656:
SEEDS to be more than a few weeks.
Page 657 and 658:
SEEDS Fig. 440. Ergot (Claviceps sp
Page 659 and 660:
SOIL beetle (Gonocephalum elderi).
Page 661 and 662:
SOIL Selection Soil standards have
Page 663 and 664:
SOIL Fig. 453. Rabbits round a wate
Page 665 and 666:
Campbell, A. 1994. Landcare : Commu
Page 667 and 668:
Hitchmough, J. M. 1995. Managing Gr
Page 669 and 670:
WATER INSECTS AND ALLIED PESTS Most
Page 671 and 672:
Creagh, C. 1992. What Can be Done a
Page 673 and 674:
Xeriscape Xeriscape is a trademark
Page 675 and 676:
A Aacanthocnema sp. (psyllid) Hakea
Page 677 and 678:
INDEX BACTERIA (contd) bacterial se
Page 679 and 680:
INDEX BOTRYTIS SPP. (contd) B. cine
Page 681 and 682:
INDEX CATERPILLARS (contd) cucumber
Page 683 and 684:
INDEX Colomerus vitis see Grapeleaf
Page 685 and 686:
INDEX Eotetranychus spp. (spider mi
Page 687 and 688:
INDEX FUNGAL LEAF SPOTS (contd) Phy
Page 689 and 690:
INDEX HIBISCUS K 81 Hibiscus chloro
Page 691 and 692:
INDEX M MACADAMIA F 76 Macadamia cu
Page 693 and 694:
INDEX Nectar scarabs (Phyllotocus s
Page 695 and 696:
INDEX Pearleaf blister mite see Mit
Page 697 and 698:
INDEX PSEUDOMONAS SPP. (contd) P. c
Page 699 and 700:
INDEX SCALES (ARMOURED - Diaspidida
Page 701 and 702:
INDEX Stemphylium spp. (fungal leaf
Page 703 and 704:
INDEX VIRUSES AND VIRUS-LIKE DISEAS
Page 705 and 706:
INDEX XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS (contd
Page 707 and 708:
STEPS IN DIAGNOSING PLANT PROBLEMS
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Plant Protection 3 : Selected Ornamentals, Fruit and Vegetables

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