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CHAPTER 13 File <strong>System</strong> This section describes file, file types, file access mechanisms and space allocation techniques. File A file is a named collection of related information that is recorded on secondary storage such as magnetic disks, magnetic tapes and optical disks. In general, a file is a sequence of bits, bytes, lines or records whose meaning is defined by the files creator and user. File Structure File structure is a structure, which is according to a required format that operating system can understand. A file has a certain defined structure according to its type. A text file is a sequence of characters organized into lines. A source file is a sequence of procedures and functions. An object file is a sequence of bytes organized into blocks that are understandable by the machine. When operating system defines different file structures, it also contains the code to support these file structure. UNIX, MS-DOS support minimum number of file structure. TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning Page 75
File Type File type refers to the ability of the operating system to distinguish different types of file such as text files source files and binary files etc. Many operating systems support many types of files. <strong>Operating</strong> system like MS-DOS and UNIX has the following types of files: Ordinary files These are the files that contain user information. These may have text, databases or executable program. The user can apply various operations on such files like add, modify, delete or even remove the entire file. Directory files These files contain list of file names and other information related to these files. Special files: These files are also known as device files. These files represent physical device like disks, terminals, printers, networks, tape drive etc. These files are of two types Character special files - data is handled character by character as in case of terminals or printers. Block special files - data is handled in blocks as in the case of disks and tapes. TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning Page 76
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Operating System Tutorial
Page 3 and 4:
ABOUT THE TUTORIAL Operating System
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Multiprogramming ..................
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Clocks ............................
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Following are some of important fun
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CHAPTER 2 Types of Operating System
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Distributed operating System Distri
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Real Time operating System Real tim
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Program execution Operating system
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Error handling Error can occur anyt
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Increased performance as a new job
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Multiprogramming When two or more p
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Spooling Spooling is an acronym for
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Program A program by itself is not
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Process Control Block, PCB Each pro
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 6 Operating System Process
Page 33 and 34: Two State Process Model Two state p
Page 35 and 36: Running process may become suspende
Page 37 and 38: Context Switch A context switch is
Page 39 and 40: First Come First Serve (FCFS) Jo
Page 41 and 42: Priority Based Scheduling Each p
Page 43 and 44: Multi Queue Scheduling Multiple
Page 45 and 46: Difference between Process and Thre
Page 47 and 48: Types of Thread Threads are impleme
Page 49 and 50: Multithreading Models Some operatin
Page 51 and 52: Difference between User Level & Ker
Page 53 and 54: Instructions and data to memory add
Page 55 and 56: Logical versus Physical Address Spa
Page 57 and 58: Memory Allocation Main memory usual
Page 59 and 60: Paging External fragmentation is av
Page 61 and 62: Address generated by CPU is divided
Page 63 and 64: Virtual memory is commonly implemen
Page 65 and 66: Step Description Step 1 Check an in
Page 67 and 68: Page Replacement Algorithm Page rep
Page 69 and 70: Least Recently Used (LRU) algorithm
Page 71 and 72: I/O port An I/O port typically cons
Page 73 and 74: I/O devices I/O Devices can be cate
Page 75 and 76: 4 Disk controller sends each byte t
Page 77 and 78: CHAPTER 12 I/O Software This sectio
Page 79 and 80: Clocks Clocks are also called timer
Page 81: Device driver Device driver is a pr
Page 85 and 86: Space Allocation Files are allocate
Page 87 and 88: Authentication Authentication refer
Page 89 and 90: Program Threats Operating system's
Page 91 and 92: Computer Security Classifications A
Page 93 and 94: Components of Linux System Linux Op
Page 95 and 96: Basic Features Following are some o
Page 97: APPENDIX A About tutorialspoint.com
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