Planning for Climate Change - UN-Habitat

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Introduction 1.3 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION The entry point of this guide is adapting to climate change. In this way, it is responsive to the predominant demands of urban planners to understand and prepare for the effects of climate change on their cities. Urban planners are key players in land use, infrastructure development and urban expansion, municipal service provision, growth management, environmental planning, solid and liquid waste management, housing and building development, and site design. Because climate change adaptation involves actions in these areas, this guide focuses on related activities, strategies, plans and policies. Adaptation is a process through which communities prepare to cope with an uncertain future climate. While the specific measures vary greatly across sectors -- ranging from physical land use plans that limit development in hazard areas, to protecting and preserving certain ecosystems to minimize potential climate impacts (e.g., flooding and erosion) -- four areas that are particularly important in the realm of climate adaptation planning are: Improving the adaptive capacity (awareness, knowledge, skills and resources) of planning institutions and stakeholders; Mainstreaming climate change adaptation (and mitigation) into existing development planning systems, policies and programs; Addressing and managing the socio-economic impacts of climate change, particularly their effect on vulnerable populations (e.g., managing rural-urban migration, supporting economic resilience, improving local food security issues, upgrading emergency response systems, etc.); and Enhancing the opportunity for coordination and cooperation between and amongst climate stakeholders on both a local level and between state, regional and national governments. Adaptation does not mean that the negative impacts of climate change will be completely avoided, only that they will be less severe than if no planning had occurred. Mitigation activities, on the other hand, help reduce the rate and/or magnitude of climate change by helping reduce human-generated greenhouse gas emissions and/ or land use practices that exacerbate global warming (e.g. deforestation). Cities consume most of the global energy supply and subsequently are responsible for a significant proportion of GHG emissions. Therefore cities must be leaders in mitigating climate change, containing urban areas to minimize land clearing, and ‘de-carbonizing’ energy systems (e.g., the energy used for transportation, electricity, heating, industrial processes, and waste disposal). Urban planners are well positioned, and typically want to “play a part” in mitigating GHG emissions. 12 PLANNING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE:
Urban Settlement - Women in Solo Indonesia, preparing roofing materials for upgrading of their housing,, Solo, Asia & Pacific, 2007. © UN-HABITAT ADAPTATION = managing the unavoidable MITIGATION = avoiding the unmanageable A Strategic, Values-based Approach for Urban Planners 13
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Appendix 1 - Tools TOOL 1-A Step 1,
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