Planning for Climate Change - UN-Habitat

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Climate Change: A Review 3.2.1 URBAN CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS The biophysical challenges generated by climate change give rise to additional and very real impacts on our cities and towns and the people that live in them. Of course, the impacts and threat potentials vary between cities depending on their: Geographic location, which will determine how they will be affected by climate change and the potential degree of those biophysical changes; Specific geographic features, which in combination with their general global location will help determine potential threats (i.e., is the town located on the coast? On a river delta? On a major river? In an already arid area where climate change exacerbates an already sensitive condition between urban water needs and scarce water resources?); Area of climate change impact hazard lands, which can be ascertained by asking questions such as, “How much development has occurred on steep or unstable slopes? Or on low lying, storm exposed or low lying or flood prone areas?” “What is the quality of development in those areas (i.e. are developments in hazard areas poorly built informal settlements or are they higher quality developments built to national construction standards?)”; and, Vulnerable population - vulnerable groups living in the city and in its climate change hazard prone areas are more likely to be more affected by climate change impacts than other, less vulnerable groups (they have a lower capacity to effectively respond to or adapt to climate change impacts due to limited resources). Table 2 summarizes major climate change impacts in urban areas. This is followed by more detailed information on three particularly key impacts: increased flooding, decreased water supplies, and increased droughts and heat waves. Children stranded after a devastating floods in Sindh, Pakistan, Sindh, Pakistan, 2010. © UN-HABITAT pakistan 28 PLANNING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE:
Climate Change: A Review Table 2: Climatic Changes, Possible Impacts, and Potential Impacts on Cities 4 CLIMATIC CHANGE POSSIBLE IMPACT Increased Temperatures Groundwater depletion Water shortages Drought Degraded air quality (smog) Increased Precipitation Increased risk of landslides or mudslides on hazard slopes Sea-level Rise Salt water intrusion into groundwater supplies in coastal areas Increased storm surge hazard Increased extreme weather episodes (storms, cyclones, hurricanes) More intense Higher risk of landslides/ mudslides on hazard slopes POTENTIAL URBAN PLANNING-RELATED CONSEQUENCES Water shortages Distress migration to cities/towns due to droughts in rural areas Interruption of food supply networks and higher food prices Potential energy price increases (e.g., from reduced hydro-electricity generation in places where it exists) Exaggerated urban heat island effect Increased energy demands for cooling Need for higher and/or additional wastewater treatment Population health impacts (e.g., increased mortality during heat waves, decreased access to food/nutrition) Interruption of food supply networks Property damage (homes and businesses) Disruption of livelihoods and city/town economies Damage to infrastructure not designed to standards of occurrences being experienced rural areas Displacement and population movement from informal settlements built on steep slope hazard lands, etc. More favourable breeding grounds for pathogens (e.g., mosquitoes and malaria) Population health impacts (increased incidences of water-borne diseases like cholera) Displacement and population movement from Property damage (homes and businesses) Damage to infrastructure not designed to standards of occurrences being experienced Disruption of livelihoods and city/town economies Population health impacts (injuries, increased mortality and illness) Property damage (homes and businesses) Damage to infrastructure not designed to standards of occurrences being experienced Population health impacts (injuries, increased mortality, distress) Disruption of livelihoods and city/town economies Interruption of food supply networks 4 Source: adapted from Developing Local Climate Change Plans, UN-HABITAT/International Institute for Environment & Development (2010) and Willbanks et al (2007) A Strategic, Values-based Approach for Urban Planners 29
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ARE WE DOING IT? Module B WHAT MATT
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ARE WE DOING IT? Module C WHAT CAN
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Module C: What Can We Do About It?
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ARE WE DOING IT? © EPI 2010 Module
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Appendix 1 - Tools TOOL 1-A Step 1,
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Appendix 1 - Tools TOOL 1-C Step 1,
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Appendix 1 - Tools TOOL 3-C Climate
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Appendix 3 - Glossary of Terms (UNF
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Appendix 4 - Global Climate Initiat
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Appendix 5 - References and Noted R
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Planning for Climate Change - UN-Habitat

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