Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Contents<br />
page page<br />
Introduction 4<br />
Process principles 6<br />
Weldable alloys 6<br />
Process characteristics 7<br />
<strong>Welding</strong> parameters 7<br />
Tools 7<br />
Design principles 8<br />
Tools for steels 8<br />
Retractable pin tool 8<br />
Bobbin tool 10<br />
Process speed 10<br />
Aluminium 13<br />
Application areas 15<br />
Aerospace 15<br />
Space industry 15<br />
Civil aviation 16<br />
Aerospace R&D 16<br />
Shipbuilding 18<br />
Application advances 18<br />
Parts and components 19<br />
Automotive industry 21<br />
Automotive applications 22<br />
Tailor welded blanks (TWB´s) 27<br />
Superplastic forming 27<br />
Extruders and extrusions<br />
– with special focus on rolling-stock panels 28<br />
Steel and other high-temperature materials 30<br />
Application examples 32<br />
Case study: Swedish Nuclear 32<br />
Case study: Marine Aluminium a.s, Norway 35<br />
Equipment 37<br />
Full-scale automation for<br />
high-volume applications 37<br />
Modular flexibility for<br />
“standard” applications 37<br />
Robotised for more complex applications 37<br />
Quality and enviromental aspects 39<br />
Environmental aspects of <strong>Friction</strong> <strong>Stir</strong> <strong>Welding</strong> 39<br />
Less weld-seam preparation 39<br />
Fewer resources 39<br />
Noise, an underestimated health threat 39<br />
Energy saving FSW process 39<br />
Less post-treatment and impact<br />
on the environment 39<br />
<strong>Friction</strong> <strong>Stir</strong> Welded components offer<br />
through-life environmental gains 40<br />
Quality 40<br />
Economics 41<br />
Example of cost analysis 42<br />
Compared to arc welding 44<br />
Conclusions 46<br />
DISCLAIMER<br />
Whilst all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in<br />
this handbook at the time of going to press, ESAB gives no warranty with regard to its accuracy or<br />
completeness. It is the responsibility of the reader to check the accuracy of the information<br />
contained in this handbook, read product labels and equipment instructions and comply with current<br />
regulations. If the reader is in any doubt with regard to the proper use of any technology they should<br />
contact the manufacturer or obtain alternative expert advice. ESAB accepts no responsibility or<br />
liability for any injury, loss or damage incurred as a result of any use or reliance upon the information<br />
contained in this handbook.<br />
3
Change language