2012 Rail Trends - Railway Association of Canada

www.railcan.ca
2012 Rail Trends

Yukon Territory
Northwest Territories
C a n a d a
British Columbia
Hay River
Nunavut
Churchill
Prince
Rupert
CN
RMR
Alberta
CN
Edmonton
Saskatchewan
HBRY
Manitoba
Vancouver
RMR
WCE
SRY
RMR
CP
KPR
KFR
APR
Calgary
GSR
CP
CTRW
CP
GWR
Saskatoon
Regina
CN
BNML
CEMR
Winnipeg
BNSF
BNSF
Rapid City
CP
Minneapolis
Minneapolis
St. Paul
CN
www.railcan.ca ISBN: 978-1-927520-00-0
BNSF
Kansas City
U n i t e d S
BN

99 Bank Street
Suite 901
Ottawa, ON K1P 6B9
Telephone: (613) 567-8591
Fax: (613) 567-6726
Email: rac@railcan.ca
Canadian railway network as of Dec. 31, 2011.
Please see the most recent edition of the Canadian Rail Atlas
for an up-to-date version of the network.
Ontario
CP
CN
CN
CP
Moosonee
ONR
Thunder Bay Sudbury
HCRY
Detroit
Chicago
GEXR
NCR
OVR
BCRY
SSR GO
VIA
ETL
Quebec
CN
PCHR
CFQG
CFO
VIA
CR
Toronto
STER
OSRSOR
NS
TSH
Labrador City
Montréal
AMMC
RS
CFC
Québec
CSX
AMT
Schefferville
WLR
SLQ
CP
Newfoundland and
Labrador
MMA
QNSL
CFA
New
Brunswick
NBSR
EMRY
Sherbrooke
Albany
CFRR
Sept-Îles
CFG
Prince
Edward
Island
Moncton
CN
Nova
Scotia
SCR
CBNS
Halifax
i2 012
NS
CSX
SF
NS
t a t e s
CN
CSX
NS
CSX

Member Companies
December 2011
ii2 012
6970184 Canada Ltd
AMT Agence métropolitaine de transport
APR Alberta Prairie Railway Excursions
AMTK Amtrak
AMMC ArcelorMittal Mines Canada
CFA Arnaud Railway Company
BCRY Barrie-Collingwood Railway
BNSF BNSF Railway Company
BNML Burlington Northern (Manitoba) Ltd.
CP Canadian Pacific
CBNS Cape Breton & Central Nova Scotia
Railway
CT Capital Railway
CTRW Carlton Trail Railway
CEMR Central Manitoba Railway Inc.
CFC Charlevoix Railway Company Inc.
CN CN
CSX CSX Transportation Inc.
EMRY Eastern Maine Railway Company
ETL Essex Terminal Railway Company
GEXR Goderich-Exeter Railway Company
Limited
RMR Great Canadian Railtour Company
Ltd.
GSR Great Sandhills Railway Ltd.
GWR Great Western Railway Ltd.
HBRY Hudson Bay Railway
HCRY Huron Central Railway Inc.
KPR Kelowna Pacific Railway Ltd.
KFR Kettle Falls International Railway,
LLC
GO Metrolinx
MMA Montréal, Maine & Atlantic Railway,
Ltd.
NBSR New Brunswick Southern Railway
NCR
NS
ONR
OSR
OVR
Company Limited
Nipissing Central Railway Company
Norfolk Southern Railway
Ontario Northland Transportation
Commission
Ontario Southland Railway Inc.
Orangeville Brampton Railway
Ottawa Valley Railway
CFQG Québec Gatineau Railway Inc.
QNSL Québec North Shore and Labrador
RS
CFRR
CFG
SSR
SOR
SRY
Railway Company Inc.
Roberval and Saguenay Railway
Company, The
Romaine River Railway Company
Société du chemin de fer de la
Gaspésie
South Simcoe Railway
Southern Ontario Railway
Southern Railway of
British Columbia Ltd.
QNSL St. Lawrence & Atlantic Railroad
(Québec) Inc.
CFO Steam Train HCW
SCR Sydney Coal Railway
TTR Toronto Terminals Railway
Company Limited, The
STER/ Trillium Railway Co. Ltd.
PCHR
TSH Tshiuetin Rail Transportation Inc.
VIA VIA Rail Canada Inc.
WLR Wabush Lake Railway Company,
Limited
WCE West Coast Express Ltd.

Associate Members
December 2011
4 Refuel Canada LP
Absopulse Electronics Ltd
Accuworx Inc.
Administration portuaire de Montréal
AECOM
Alexander Holburn Beaudin & Lang LLP
AllTrain – Training Solutions
Amsted Rail
BMT Fleet Technology Limited
Bombardier Inc.
Canac Railway Services Inc.
Canadian Heartland Training Railway
Canadian Rail Collision and
Refurbishing Inc.
Consolidated Logistic Inc.
Davanac Inc.
Dessau
Ecopower Hybrid Systems Inc.
Entretien Ferroviaire JMSR inc.
Envirotec Services Incorporated
Fairplast Industries
(9151 9405 Québec Inc)
GATX Rail Canada Corporation
HDR Engineering
Hewitt Equipment Ltd.
IBI Group
Itech Environmental Remediation
Kenneth R. Peel, Barrister & Solicitor
MD-UN Inc.
Mecfor Inc.
MMM Group Ltd
NARSTCO
Neptec Design Group Ltd.
Newalta Industrial Services Inc.
Ozark Mountain Railcar
Peck & Hale L.L.C.
PNR Railworks Inc.
Quantum Murray LP
Rail Cantech
Raildecks (2009) Inc.
Railway 101 Consulting Services
RDG2 Technologies Inc.
Red Giant Oil Company
RTC Rail Solutions Ltd
Sandy Cooke Consulting Inc.
Siemens Canada Limited
SNC-Lavalin O&M
Soulanges Railway Services Inc.
Stantec Inc.
Stäubli Corporation
Tessco Technologies Inc.
Transportation Certification Services
VIdal Street Industrial Park Inc.
Whiting Equipment Canada
2012
iii

Message from the President
2012
iv
This is our organization’s 20th edition of Rail Trends. The
data in this year’s milestone edition shows the industry’s
continued dedication to growth, safety and sustainability,
and demonstrates why the Canadian rail sector is experiencing
a true renaissance.
The driving force of this resurgence has been freight rail
and the positive contributions and investments it has made to
maximize the way goods are moved within North America and
to international markets. Within a globally integrated supply
chain, the country’s railways are working with customers to
ship products in a timely way to new and traditional markets, thereby
enabling them to add value and create more wealth for Canada.
In addition to robust freight expansion, there has also been significant
growth in passenger rail. Rail moves more than 73 million people
each year and this number is rising. Gas prices and urban sprawl have
boosted the demand for investment in passenger rail infrastructure and
services and Canada’s intercity and commuter railways have responded
exceptionally well.
As Canada’s rail renaissance continues to gain steam, the country’s
railway sector has garnered very positive impressions among the
Canadian public. Public opinion research has found the overwhelming
majority of Canadians view rail to be safe, environmentally friendly and
the best mode of transportation for society.
With the recession in the rearview mirror, the Railway Association
of Canada and its members are thrilled to see the data in Rail Trends
reflecting a growing and prosperous future for rail in Canada. I hope you
find this edition informative and useful. We welcome your feedback.
Sincerely,
Michael Bourque
President and Chief Executive Officer
Railway Association of Canada

We dedicate this issue of Rail Trends to the memory of
Clifford J. Mackay, President and Chief Executive Officer
of the Railway Association of Canada, who passed away
in January 2012. Cliff spent more than five years at
the helm of the RAC, where he worked collaboratively
with various government and regulatory agencies to
improve safety in the industry. A staunch advocate
of freight and passenger rail, Cliff spent the twilight
of his career ensuring Canadian regulatory agencies,
as well as elected and non-elected officials, gained
a better understanding of the strategic economic role
railways play in Canada. His decades of experience
and contributions improved the rail sector and Canada’s
transportation industry as a whole. Moreover, he
believed this work is good for business, the environment
and our great country’s future.
v2 012

Table of Contents
2012
vi
1 Introduction
2 Economy
4 Revenue ton-miles (Revenue tonne-kilometres)
5 Employment
6 Financial highlights
8 Carloads originated by commodity grouping
9 Passenger and tourist service statistics
10 Infrastructure Investment and Productivity
11 Additions to property
12 Productivity
13 Overview of taxes provided by rail sector
14 Safety
15 Rail accidents
17 Operation Lifesaver
18 Environment
19 Carbon reporting
20 Fuel and efficiency measures
21 Locomotive fleet inventory
21 Spills performance and response data
22 Public Perception
23 Appendix A – Rail Operations in Canada
35 Appendix B – Financial Highlights
39 Glossary
Conversion factors
40 List of acronyms

Introduction
This is the Railway Association of Canada’s
(RAC) 20th edition of Rail Trends, an
annual report on the performance of
Canada’s freight and passenger railway sector.
The publication contains a rolling 10-year
review of financial and statistical results,
reflecting multiple aspects of rail performance.
This year’s edition provides an overview
of 2011 performance and highlights some
clear trends taking place in the Canadian rail
business. The most obvious indication is that
there is a rail renaissance underway. Canada’s
integrated global supply chain is relying on rail
more than ever, and this year’s data shows
freight and passenger rail activity is increasing
across the country.
Despite a swell in rail traffic, this year’s data indicates the industry
is improving its environmental and safety records. In fact, Canadian
railways shipped more than 337 millions tons in 2011, a 0.8 per cent
increase from the previous year, while reducing emissions, spills and
accidents. This record of improvement is a testament to the sector’s
commitment to sustainability and safety and is one of the reasons why
the Canadian public has expressed clear support for rail.
As Canada’s vast rail network moves increasingly more goods and
people while getting greener and safer, it is clear the sector is going in a
positive direction and that the resurgence of rail is in full force.
This year’s data is categorized into five sections:
••
Economy;
••
Infrastructure Investment and Productivity;
••
Safety;
••
Environment; and
••
Public Perception.
In addition to these sections, Appendix A and B provide details on rail
operations and financial highlights from 2002 to 2011.
12 012

Economy
22 012
Despite financial uncertainty in key
markets around the globe, Canada
stood out among leading (global)
industrialized countries with a relatively healthy,
export-rich economy in 2011. Railways were
instrumental in solidifying this status.
As Canada’s economy continues to rally
towards pre-recession levels, the nation’s
railways are relied upon more heavily than ever
before to facilitate growth and trade. In recent
years, rail has become the preferred mode of
ground transportation, facilitating more than
$75 billion in trade, and reinforcing its role as
the backbone of an integrated supply chain that
has helped move Canada’s resources to global
markets.
The most common barometer for measuring rail workload performance
is revenue ton-miles (revenue tonne-kilometres) or RTM (RTK),
which is the movement of one revenue-producing ton of freight the
distance of one mile (kilometre). It is calculated by multiplying the
weight of paid tonnage by the total distance (in miles or kilometres) it
has been transported.
This section highlights the statistical data of key areas that point to
the current growth of rail in relation to the Canadian economy.

Economy
2011 economic highlights:
••
Member railways’ workload increased by 3.2 per cent to a
record 255 billion revenue ton-miles (372 billion revenue tonnekilometres)
or RTM (RTK), and has climbed 20.6 per cent over the
past 10 years.
••
The sector employed an average of 33,624 people, a 3.3 per cent
increase from 2010, marking the second consecutive year-overyear
rise.
••
Total industry operating revenue hit a record $11.5 billon,
surpassing last year’s total by 7.1 per cent, and operating
expenses climbed 6.5 per cent to a record $9.8 billion.
••
Canadian freight rates continue to be some of the most
competitive in the world.
••
Originated freight carloads increased 4.5 per cent compared to
2010.
••
Total revenue from passenger transportation services, representing
combined intercity, tourist train and commuter rail services, has
climbed 71.4 per cent over 10 years to $667 million.
32 012

Economy
Revenue ton-miles
(Revenue tonne-kilometres)
In 2011, member railways’ workload
totalled a record 255 billion RTM (372 RTK),
an increase of 3.2 per cent from last year
and 20.6 per cent over the past 10 years.
The graph below indicates the RTM of
current member companies throughout the
last decade.
275,000
REVENUE TON-MILES (millions)
250,000
225,000
42 012
200,000
2002 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011
250000

Economy
Employment
Rail delivers services that provide shippers
access to domestic and international markets
and connects passengers to destinations near
and far. The increasing demand for services
has prompted a boost in employment across
the industry. In 2011, Canada’s rail business
continued to serve as an economic driver
by way of employment, both in terms of
number of employees and average annual
wage.
In 2011, the sector employed an average
of 33,624 people, a 3.3 per cent increase
from 2010 and the second consecutive yearover-year
rise. The average salary in the sector also rose by 4.8 per
cent from a year ago, outpacing the 2.6 per cent average annual
increase since 2002. The figure below points to the sector’s year-by-year
employment trends throughout the last decade.
90,000
EMPLOYMENT
70,000
52 012
50,000
30,000
2002 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011
Average annual wage
Employees

Economy
Financial highlights
In 2011, year-over-year total industry operating revenue climbed 7.1 per
cent to a record $11.5 billon. There are three components to operating
revenue: freight, passenger and other revenue. Other revenue is largely
composed of revenue for services provided to passenger and commuter
rail companies, as well as switching, demurrage and miscellaneous
rentals.
The sector also hit a record $9.8 billion in total operating expenses,
which includes costs of fuel, equipment maintenance and administrative
expenditures. The new high was a 6.5 per cent jump from the previous
year.
12,000
Operating REVENUE & expenses (millions)
10,000
8,000
62 012
6,000
2002 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011
Operating income
Operating Expenses
12000

Economy
It’s worth noting that while railways increased their overall operating
revenue in 2011, they did so offering some of the lowest freight rates
in the world.
The graph below shows Canada’s freight rates throughout the last
five years compared to most of the world’s largest economies.
9 ¢
CANADA IS A LEADER WITH LOW RAIL RATES
8 ¢
7 ¢
6 ¢
5 ¢
4 ¢
3 ¢
2 ¢
1 ¢
0 ¢
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Canada
China
France
Germany
India
Japan
Russia
U.S.
Revenue per ton-mile in U.S. dollars, Purchasing Power Parity adjusted
Source: RAC, 2012
72 012

Economy
Carloads originated by commodity
grouping
Another measurement of industry workload
that demonstrates rail’s renaissance in
2011 is originated freight carloads by
the sector, which increased 4.5 per cent
compared to 2010. To get a better sense
of the freight being carried, the industry
tracks its carloads originated by commodity
grouping. This set of data is indicative of
the products Canada’s trains are shipping
across the country and to international
markets.
The chart below illustrates carloads originated by commodity
grouping as a percent of all commodity carloads originated among
member railways. Some categories have been grouped together.
Carloads originated by commodity grouping
82 012
14% Agricultural Goods
& Food
10% Pulp &
Wood Products
25% Metals & Minerals
23% Intermodal
7% Machinery & Manufactured
21% Hydrocarburants & Chemicals

Economy
Passenger and tourist service statistics
The 2011 data shows more and more people are choosing rail
transportation as a means to commute and travel. In the same year,
total revenue from passenger transportation services, representing
combined intercity, tourist train and rail commuter services decreased
1.0 per cent to $667 million, but climbed 71.4 per cent over 10 years.
The number of rail commuters in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec
also jumped 36.5 per cent over the decade.
The rise across passenger and tourist service statistics reflects
Canadians’ mounting attraction to intercity and commuter rail. Rail
is safe, convenient and green and this year’s findings indicate rail is
a preferred method of travel among Canadians. The RAC’s member
railways understand the demand for increased passenger rail service
and are effectively adapting in order to meet the needs of Canadians by
providing more passenger services more often.
92 012

Infrastructure Investment
and Productivity
2012
10
To improve service and increase the value
and performance of the supply chain, RAC
member railways continued their substantial
investment in the maintenance and development
of infrastructure in 2011. These companies are in
the distinctive position of financing the near entirety
of the network that forms the backbone of the
Canadian supply chain. Their investment is measured
by the industry term “additions to property,” which
includes purchasing rolling stock, improving bridges
and replacing rail and other track materials.
In order to keep pace with shipper demands and
maintain exceptional service at the lowest possible
rates, member railways ensure the existing network
is well-maintained and includes modernized facilities
and information technology systems. This concerted effort to uphold and
improve the efficiency of the rail network allows the railways to enhance
their productivity and attract new business. Not only did Canadian railways
keep up with growth in all areas of rail in 2011, but they did so while
improving operating efficiencies and offering better service to customers.
The RAC represents effectively all rail companies operating in
Canada – the large Class 1s, the regional and short lines railways, intercity
passenger, commuter rail and tourist train operators.
2011 investment and productivity highlights:
••
Canada’s rail sector invested $1.8 billion in additions to
property in 2011, a year-over-year rise of 7.6 per cent.
••
Employee productivity increased by 2.5 per cent to a record
8.5 million RTM (12.4 million RTK) per employee.
••
Canada’s railways contributed a record $158 million in tax
revenue, 7.5 per cent more than the previous year.

Infrastructure Investment and Productivity
Additions to property
The figure below shows the industry invested
$1.8 billion in additions to property in 2011, a
year-over-year increase of 6.5 per cent. Compared
to 10 years ago, Canadian railways committed
80.7 per cent more to capital spending, reflecting
the desire among rail companies to expand
and maintain their network to improve service,
facilitate the movement of trade and support
the growth of the Canadian economy. The graph
below shows the sector’s additions to property
over the last 10 years.
2,000
ADDITIONS TO PROPERTY (MILLIONS CAD)
1,000
2012
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
11
Today, rail is experiencing a renaissance. Cities are implementing
LRT systems. Metropolitan areas are expanding the reach of
commuter rail service. And at VIA Rail, we are working at
improving inter-city rail transportation. We strive to have a
positive and meaningful impact on the lives of millions of
Canadians.”
Marc Laliberté
President and Chief Executive Officer, VIA Rail Canada

Infrastructure Investment and Productivity
Productivity
The output of the rail business only goes
as far as the efficiency of its employees.
Employee productivity is measured in
terms of RTM (RTK) per employee, which
gives a sense of how well the sector is
allocating its resources.
From a year ago, employee productivity
increased 2.5 per cent to a record 8.5 million
RTM (12.4 million RTK) per employee in
2011. While this figure suggests only a
slight step forward in productivity, it is a
robust long-term improvement from the
6.3 million RTM (9.2 RTK) per employee recorded in 2002. The graph
below illustrates the sector’s efficiency in terms of RTM per employee
over the past 10 years.
9,000
REVENUE TON-MILES PER EMPLOYEE (000)
8,000
2012
12
7,000
6,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Infrastructure Investment and Productivity
Overview of taxes provided by rail sector
While Canada’s railways drive the economy by transferring goods across
a vast integrated global supply chain, the taxes the sector pays each
year are often overlooked as a form of substantial economic contribution
to Canadians.
The table below provides a snapshot of the taxes by category that
member railways contributed in 2011.
TAXES BY CATEGORY
21% Locomotive fuel
& Excise tax
16% Property tax
7% Other Sales tax
17% Payroll tax
39% Income tax
2012
13

Safety
Canada’s railways run an average of 1,100 passenger and freight
trains every day, often over some of the world’s most rugged
terrain and in some of the most inclement weather conditions.
Yet, the performance of Canadian freight railways in terms of safety has
steadily improved over the last decade and Canada’s passenger railways
remain among the safest in the world. While rail traffic is increasing
to meet customer demand, the sector continues to be committed to
safety and furthering its reputation as the safest means of ground
transportation in Canada.
2011 safety highlights:
••
While the sector moved a record 473.3 billion gross ton-miles
(BGTM), it maintained a rate of 2.41 total accidents per BGTM,
the lowest rate in the last 10 years.
••
Accidents at railway crossings were down 6.6 per cent yearover-year,
while serious injuries fell 25 per cent over the same
period.
••
Trespasser accidents and fatalities dropped 17.3 and 18.2 per
cent year-over-year, respectively.
2012
14

Safety
Rail accidents
Canadian railways celebrated a banner year of reportable railway
accident 1 reduction in 2011. While the sector moved a record
473.3 billion gross ton-miles (BGTM) in 2011, it maintained a rate of
2.41 total accidents per BGTM, the lowest rate in the last 10 years. In
addition, the industry recorded 1,143 total freight and passenger train
accidents in 2011, the lowest total over the same period.
Canada’s railways take measures to reduce technical accidents and
continually enhance the safety of rail operations. Work is also being
done in collaboration with Transport Canada to improve safety where the
public interacts with rail activities by closing rail crossings and improving
public awareness by promoting accident prevention.
The data collected in order to analyze the safety performance of rail
comes from the Canadian Transportation Safety Board (TSB) and the
RAC. The TSB maintains a database of safety performance statistics on
federally-regulated railways 2 and the RAC collects similar statistics on
provincially-regulated operations.
1 “Reportable railway accident” means an accident resulting directly from the operation
of rolling stock, where:
• (a) (i) a person sustains a serious injury or is killed as a result of being on board or
getting on or off the rolling stock, or (ii) coming into contact with any part of the
rolling stock or its contents, or
• (b) the rolling stock (i) is involved in a grade-crossing collision, (ii) is involved in a
collision or derailment and is carrying passengers, (iii) is involved in a collision or
derailment and is carrying dangerous goods, or is known to have last contained
dangerous goods the residue of which has not been purged from the rolling stock,
(iv) sustains damage that affects its safe operation, or (v) causes or sustains a fire or
explosion, or causes damage to the railway, that poses a threat to the safety of any
person, property or the environment.
2012
15
2 The database is available at http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rail/index.asp.

Safety
The graph below shows the number of rail-related accidents over
the previous 10 years, along with the rate of freight train accidents per
billion gross ton-miles, which points to the number of accidents as they
relate to rail activity.
Rail Accidents and Accident Rate
1,800
4.5
1,600
3.4
1,400
2.3
1,200
1.1
1,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
0
Freight train accidents
Freight train accidents per billion gross ton-miles
2012
16

Safety
Operation Lifesaver
One of the programs committed to preventing collisions between trains
and motor vehicles, as well as trespassing incidents that lead to serious
injury or death, is Operation Lifesaver, 3 a joint initiative of the RAC
and Transport Canada. The program aims to save lives by educating
Canadians about the hazards surrounding public activity near rail
property and trains. Operation Lifesaver works in tandem with the rail
sector, government, police, labour unions, the media and the public to
spread education and prevent tragedies.
In 2011, accidents at railway crossings were down 6.6 per cent yearover-year,
while serious injuries fell 25 per cent over the same period.
Moreover, 2011 trespasser accidents and fatalities were also down
17.3 and 18.2 per cent, respectively, year-over-year.
“Year-over-year we continue to see a decline in both crossing
and trespassing incidents thanks in part to the dedication of our
partners, staff and volunteers. That’s definitely a trend worth
repeating.”
Daniel (Dan) Di Tota,
National Director, Operation Lifesaver
Source: Transportation Safety Board, Railway Association of Canada, 2012
2012
17
3 http://www.operationlifesaver.ca.

Environment
Canada’s legacy of profound scenic beauty is
recognized around the world, and rail is part of
maintaining the country’s natural splendour. In
addition to moving people, goods and the economy,
Canada’s railways boast a first-rate environmental
record and commitment to sustainability. While the
country’s rail sector often moves more than 70 per
cent of all surface goods each year, it only accounts for
3.4 per cent of the transportation sector’s Greenhouse
Gas Emissions (GHG) and less than 1 per cent
of Canada’s overall GHGs. 4 Since 1995, Canada’s
freight and passenger rail sectors have participated
in a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with
the Government of Canada to voluntarily reduce
GHGs and Criteria Air Contaminants (CAC). Under this
initiative, the sector has committed to GHG and CAC reduction targets for
freight, short line, intercity and commuter railways, and it will continue to
work with governments, communities and other private sector partners to
increase the sustainability of the Canadian supply chain.
2012
18
2011 environmental highlights:
••
The sector reduced fuel consumption by 3.1 per cent compared
to 2010.
••
The industry’s number of freight car inventory was basically
unchanged from a year before and its locomotive fleet increased
by 23 locomotives. However, Canadian railways managed to
lower the miles (kilometres) of road operated (road over which
a railway has operating rights) by 1.8 per cent from 2010.
••
Dangerous goods (DG) leaker incidents accounted for 25 per
cent of all reportable incidents, the lowest share to date.
4 Source: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 2010.

Environment
Carbon reporting
The Locomotive Emissions
Monitoring (LEM) data is
compiled in accordance with
the terms of the MOU between
the RAC, Environment Canada
and Transport Canada. It
concerns the emissions of GHGs
and CACs from locomotives
operating in Canada. 5 An
updated MOU covering the
period 2011-2015 is being
developed by the RAC and
TC, and will ensure Canadian
railways continue to monitor
their emissions and strive to
become more efficient.
In addition to this initiative,
both Canadian National Railway
and Canadian Pacific Railway
participate in the Carbon
Disclosure Project (CDP) – an
independent not-for-profit organization that works with the world’s
largest investors, businesses and governments to reduce GHGs and
promote sustainable water use through the measurement, disclosure,
management and sharing of environmental information. To date, the
CDP holds the largest collection of self-reported climate change data in
the world. 6
2012
19
5 To see the RAC’s Locomotive Emissions Monitoring program,
visit http://www.railcan.ca/publications/emissions.
6 Additional information is available at: www.cdproject.net.

Environment
Fuel and efficiency measures
The rail sector has been faced with the challenge of dealing with rising
diesel fuel prices. In 2011, diesel fuel prices hit $4.25 per gallon, a record
high and a 30.8 per cent jump from the previous year. To cope, Canadian
railways have faced pressure to optimize fuel consumption productivity,
and have answered the call. The sector reduced fuel consumption by
3.1 per cent in 2011 compared to 2010, and the graph below illustrates
RTM (RTK) per gallon (litre) of fuel consumed grew 10.5 per cent during
the same period and improved 25.5 per cent since 2002. This result
speaks to the industry-wide efforts being made to improve efficiency
while keeping pace with demand.
Because of high diesel fuel prices, member railways have strived
to adopt new sustainability measures and implement initiatives that
will cut costs by improving fuel efficiency. These improvements
include scheduling trains based on capacity to minimize congestion,
better matching of horsepower to tonnage, enhancing train handling
techniques and standardizing fuel-saving devices on locomotives. The
most effective fuel efficiency initiative continues to be locomotive fleet
renewal, the process in which older, less fuel-efficient locomotives are
replaced by new and improved higher-horsepower locomotives.
650
RTM PER GALLON OF FUEL CONSUMED (000)
2012
20
550
450
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Environment
Locomotive fleet inventory
While freight, passenger and
rail commuter workloads have
been increasing steadily over
the last decade, the sector
has made a conscious effort
to improve efficiency via
asset utilization. In 2011, the
industry’s freight car inventory
was basically unchanged
from a year before and its
locomotive fleet increased
by 23 locomotives. However,
Canadian railways managed to
lower the miles (kilometres)
of road operated (road over which a railway has operating rights) by
1.8 per cent from 2010. By replacing older locomotives, adding more
fuel-efficient versions and reallocating resources, railways saved fuel by
doing more with less.
Spills performance and response data
The TSB collects data on spills, or “dangerous good (DG) leaker”
incidents – occurrences involving the unintentional release of a hazardous
material while in transit. This type of incident does not involve an
accident and often concern small quantities of products. In 2011, DG
leaker incidents accounted for 25 per cent of all reportable incidents, the
lowest share to date. Over the last five years, on average, DG leakers
accounted for 33.8 per cent of incidents. Furthermore, reported DG
leaker incidents totalled 51 in 2011, a 28 per cent decrease from the
five-year average of 70.
One of the primary functions of the RAC is to promote and continually
improve the safe handling of dangerous goods. This means ensuring rail
cars carrying dangerous goods meet strict standards, the consignments
are properly packaged, labeled, placarded and documented, and that
carriers handle the rail cars safely.
2012
21

Public Perception
As Canada’s rail industry
ex periences a renaissance,
the sector continues to
garner very positive impressions
among the Canadian public.
Polling conducted by the RAC in
2011 found the vast majority of
Canadians view freight, commuter
and intercity rail options to be the
safest, greenest and the best for
society overall. Canadians also have a positive view of the railway sector
as a source of employment in the near future.
Canadians have expressed the want and need for more rail. From
an economical, environmental and social standpoint, the widespread
sentiment is that there needs to be more money and resources put
toward the sector as a whole. Between limiting pollution and dramatically
reducing congestion, Canadians agree that allocating resources to rail as a
mode of transportation makes the most sense going forward.
2012
22
2011 public perception highlights:
••
When asked which mode of transportation should be the
highest transportation priority in Canada, 56 per cent choose
rail, which is more than five times any other means of
transportation. Cars rank a distant second at 11 per cent,
followed by buses and planes at 10 per cent each.
••
Two-thirds of Canadians (67 per cent) agree with the statement
that “rail transportation should be the highest transportation
priority in Canada.”
••
A full 85 per cent of Canadians believe the government should
invest to improve tracks for commuter and inter-city train travel.
••
Nearly three-quarters (72 per cent) would recommend jobs in
the railway sector to their friends or family members.

Appendix A Rail Operations in Canada
Title
Ten-year comparison
Percentage change
2011 versus:
2002 2010 2011 2002 2010
Revenue ton-miles (billions) 211.5 247 255.0 20.6 3.2
Revenue tonne-kilometres (billions) 308.8 361 372.3 20.6 3.2
Miles of road operated (1) 29,087 27,652 27,167 -6.6 -1.8
Kilometres of road operated (1) 46,811 44,501 43,721 -6.6 -1.8
Locomotives 3,129 2,954 2,955 -5.6 0.0
Freight cars (000) 98 72 72 -26.8 -0.1
Gallons of fuel (millions) 451 451 437 -3.2 -3.2
Litres of fuel (millions) 2,051 2,049 1,984 -3.3 -3.2
Employees 37,296 32,549 33,624 -9.9 3.3
Annual wage per employee ($) 64,229 79,346 83,176 29.5 4.8
1. Miles (kilometres) of road operated include road over which a railway has operating rights.
Freight revenue ($) per ton (tonne)
Freight revenue per ton (tonne) is calculated by dividing freight revenue by total tons
(tonnes) originated.
Revenue per Index Consumer Price
ton tonne 2001 = 100 Index
2002 22.89 25.23 102.1 102.2
2003 22.53 24.83 100.4 105.1
2004 23.47 25.87 104.6 107.1
2005 25.60 28.22 114.1 109.4
2006 27.78 30.63 123.9 111.6
2007 28.16 31.04 125.5 114.0
2008 31.24 34.44 139.3 116.7
2009 31.34 34.55 139.7 117.1
2010 30.59 33.71 136.4 119.1
2011 30.57 33.70 136.3 122.6
2012
23

Appendix A
Freight revenue (cents) per ton-mile (tonne-kilometre)
Revenue per
Index
ton-mile tonne-kilometre 2001 = 100
2002 3.44 2.35 105.2
2003 3.32 2.28 101.5
2004 3.37 2.31 103.1
2005 3.64 2.49 111.3
2006 3.87 2.65 118.3
2007 3.84 2.63 117.4
2008 4.20 2.87 128.4
2009 4.00 2.74 122.3
2010 3.99 2.74 122.0
2011 4.04 2.77 123.5
Freight transportation
Intermodal traffic originated (2)
Trailers Containers Total
(000) (000) (000)
2012
24
2002 214 1,820 2,034
2003 217 1,937 2,154
2004 149 2,010 2,159
2005 112 2,134 2,246
2006 106 2,251 2,357
2007 102 2,334 2,436
2008 101 2,396 2,497
2009 83 2,033 2,116
2010 81 2,361 2,442
2011 80 2,424 2,504
2. Reflects both Canadian and U.S. operations of Canadian Class 1 railways. Intermodal units
are actual counts of trailers and containers, regardless of size, and are not “twenty-foot
equivalent units (TEUs)”.

Appendix A
Freight transportation
Carload traffic
Carloads Tons Tonnes Tons Tonnes
originated originated originated per per
(000) (000) (000) carload (3) carload (3)
2002 3,992 317,432 287,974 80 73
2003 4,092 327,126 296,768 80 73
2004 4,212 337,923 306,563 80 73
2005 4,290 343,464 311,590 80 73
2006 4,260 339,394 307,897 80 73
2007 4,196 337,989 306,623 81 73
2008 3,984 318,688 289,114 80 73
2009 3,367 269,028 244,062 80 73
2010 3,872 334,264 303,258 86 78
2011 4,044 337,074 305,793 83 76
3. Tons (tonnes) per carload: Tons (tonnes) originated divided by carloads originated.
Freight transportation
Freight train Freight train Revenue Revenue
miles kilometres ton-miles tonne-kilometres
(000) (000) (millions) (millions)
2002 72,194 116,185 211,500 308,759
2003 72,873 117,278 221,653 323,581
2004 74,284 119,548 235,114 343,232
2005 76,400 122,953 241,745 352,912
2006 76,451 123,035 243,744 355,831
2007 74,100 119,253 247,709 361,619
2008 71,712 115,409 237,323 346,457
2009 59,576 95,877 210,898 307,880
2010 65,157 104,859 247,154 360,809
2011 66,082 106,348 255,001 372,264
2012
25

Appendix A
Freight Transportation
Carloads originated by commodity grouping (4) Forest Machinery &
Agriculture Coal Minerals Products Metals Automotive
2002 364,754 342,432 601,004 403,908 289,619 277,288
2003 345,025 327,182 627,288 430,662 284,718 270,411
2004 412,099 337,592 639,764 442,689 326,020 253,003
2005 416,473 353,197 657,410 433,138 295,022 235,480
2006 453,151 321,266 600,823 388,035 362,000 244,395
2007 454,034 349,983 609,422 317,158 359,982 234,830
2008 430,292 324,931 574,645 253,279 369,475 195,308
2009 474,980 277,048 368,631 182,395 273,800 148,123
2010 462,445 327,419 703,270 205,120 160,895 185,962
2011 466,305 348,556 790,520 228,448 160,827 186,522
Fuels & Paper Food Manufactured &
Chemicals Products Products Miscellaneous Intermodal Total
2012
26
2002 469,514 274,219 30,391 55,624 691,417 3,800,170
2003 474,342 302,994 32,652 51,652 712,377 3,859,303
2004 485,197 333,061 40,587 63,890 722,412 4,056,314
2005 469,655 333,830 44,169 65,629 769,936 4,073,939
2006 470,833 274,092 41,454 66,333 819,552 4,041,934
2007 470,876 252,150 41,822 65,923 832,663 3,988,843
2008 443,125 228,072 42,365 75,160 847,647 3,784,299
2009 401,141 175,693 42,232 79,445 741,807 3,165,295
2010 419,905 170,823 52,240 92,949 847,832 3,628,860
2011 432,657 157,780 54,948 94,935 890,168 3,811,666
4. Not all member companies record carloads originated by commodity grouping. The Intermodal counts represent
an average load factor that determined the number of carloads reported.

Appendix A
Freight transportation
Revenue from carloads originated by commodity grouping ($ millions) (5)
Forest
Machinery &
Agriculture Coal Minerals Products Metals Automotive
2002 732 416 623 619 364 477
2003 761 405 645 615 360 460
2004 875 513 763 798 404 397
2005 948 738 811 969 429 414
2006 1,125 676 764 928 489 433
2007 1,157 709 819 780 476 445
2008 1,161 706 833 646 531 443
2009 1,259 502 525 478 317 337
2010 1,221 598 772 500 381 394
2011 1,297 713 898 564 424 381
Fuels & Paper Food Manufactured &
Chemicals Products Products Miscellaneous Intermodal Total
2002 777 502 55 92 1,679 6,336
2003 739 518 58 96 1,760 6,417
2004 771 595 70 93 1,885 7,164
2005 804 642 74 112 2,152 8,093
2006 836 582 81 114 2,377 8,405
2007 837 541 81 116 2,452 8,413
2008 902 531 89 126 2,702 8,672
2009 818 423 94 113 2,273 7,139
2010 853 437 128 130 2,592 8,006
2011 928 427 146 133 1,893 7,805
5. Not all member companies record revenue from carloads originated by commodity grouping.
2012
27

Appendix A
Track operated, by provinces and territories (6)
2010 2011
Miles Kilometres Miles Kilometres
Alberta 4,199 6,758 4,094 6,589
British Columbia 4,144 6,669 4,148 6,675
Manitoba 2,724 4,384 2,730 4,394
Nfld. & Labrador 244 393 244 392
New Brunswick 724 1,166 724 1,165
Nova Scotia 409 657 409 658
Ontario 6,549 10,540 6,365 10,244
Quebec 3,695 5,947 3,690 5,938
Saskatchewan 4,889 7,868 4,687 7,543
Northwest Territories 75 121 75 121
Total 27,652 44,501 27,167 43,721
Intercity passenger trains 7,820 12,585 7,820 12,585
Commuter and tourist trains 1,961 3,155 2,746 4,419
Segments terminating in the U.S. 152 245 152 245
Grand total 37,585 60,486 37,884 60,969
6. First main track only. Excludes second and other main track, passing tracks and crossovers, industrial tracks,
spurs and yard tracks.
2012
28

Appendix A
Plant - track operated (7)
Equipment in service
Index
Freight cars Locomotives
Miles Kilometres 2001 = 100 in service in service
2002 29,087 46,811 100.5 2002 98,001 3,129
2003 29,138 46,893 100.6 2003 97,039 3,170
2004 30,551 49,167 105.5 2004 99,141 3,234
2005 30,380 48,893 104.9 2005 101,606 3,253
2006 29,978 48,243 103.5 2006 99,946 3,271
2007 29,713 47,816 102.6 2007 92,373 3,165
2008 29,366 47,258 101.4 2008 83,984 3,046
2009 28,163 45,323 97.3 2009 75,836 2,742
2010 27,654 44,501 95.5 2010 71,788 2,954
2011 27,167 43,721 93.8 2011 71,750 2,977
7. First main track only. Excludes second and other main track, passing tracks and crossovers, industrial tracks,
spurs and yard tracks. Excludes intercity passenger trains, commuter & tourist trains and segments terminating
in the U.S.
Employment
Employment
Total Average Average
compensation number of annual wage
($ millions) (8) employees per employee ($)
2002 2,392 37,296 64,229
2003 2,412 36,599 65,901
2004 2,387 35,736 66,804
2005 2,548 35,389 71,994
2006 2,535 34,558 73,356
2007 2,566 34,938 73,440
2008 2,633 35,208 74,790
2009 2,439 32,337 75,415
2010 2,584 32,565 79,346
2011 2,797 33,624 83,175
2012
29
8. Compensation includes salaries and compensation paid and excludes company paid benefits such as
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan, Unemployment Insurance and health taxes.

Appendix A
Train statistics
Average: Length of haul/Cars per train
Miles (kilometres) hauled Miles (kilometres) hauled Average
by transcontinental by regional/short line cars per
railways (CN and CPR) railways freight train
Miles Kilometres Miles Kilometres Cars
2002 795 1,279 150 241 74
2003 794 1,278 151 243 74
2004 787 1,267 161 259 78
2005 789 1,270 149 240 79
2006 803 1,292 159 256 79
2007 807 1,299 151 243 81
2008 (9) 818 1,316 146 235 82
2009 830 1,336 159 256 87
2010 850 1,368 138 163 92
2011 849 1,366 170 274 81
9. 2008 “Miles (kilometres) hauled by regional/short line railways” were restated.
Passenger transportation
Intercity passenger transportation
2012
30
Passenger cars Number of Passenger
in service passengers miles kilometres
(000) (millions) (millions)
2002 473 4,223 992 1,597
2003 505 4,024 931 1,498
2004 465 4,181 894 1,439
2005 538 4,322 919 1,479
2006 537 4,320 906 1,458
2007 538 4,478 912 1,468
2008 (10) 540 4,899 986 1,588
2009 559 4,538 894 1,439
2010 545 4,477 877 1,412
2011 544 4,461 888 1,428
10. 2008 “Passenger kilometres” were restated.

Appendix A
Passenger transportation
Intercity passenger transportation
Passenger train
Passenger car
miles kilometres miles kilometres
(000) (000) (000) (000)
2002 7,406 11,919 50,035 80,523
2003 7,252 11,671 50,087 80,607
2004 7,214 11,611 49,707 79,995
2005 7,415 11,933 49,966 80,412
2006 7,381 11,879 49,400 79,501
2007 7,330 11,796 48,708 78,388
2008 7,414 11,932 49,140 79,083
2009 7,334 11,803 47,290 76,106
2010 7,331 11,799 46,275 74,472
2011 7,273 11,705 48,239 77,633
Average intercity passengers
Average length of journey
per train miles kilometres
2002 134 238 383
2003 128 226 364
2004 124 219 352
2005 124 217 349
2006 123 214 344
2007 124 209 336
2008 133 206 332
2009 122 203 327
2010 120 204 328
2011 122 204 328
2012
31
Average passenger load factor (%) On-time performance (%)
2002 57 84
2003 53 73
2004 53 70
2005 55 81
2006 54 84
2007 55 77
2008 59 75
2009 57 83
2010 57 82
2011 55 84

Appendix A
Passenger transportation
Rail commuter
Commuter train
Commuter car
miles kilometres miles kilometres
(000) (000) (000) (000)
2002 199,957 321,801 2,592 4,171
2003 204,198 328,626 2,724 4,384
2004 214,089 344,544 2,749 4,425
2005 224,833 361,834 2,820 4,539
2006 237,781 382,672 2,730 4,394
2007 247,066 397,615 2,808 4,518
2008 256,123 412,190 2,832 4,558
2009 245,942 395,806 2,876 4,628
2010 256,134 412,209 3,008 4,841
2011 278,244 447,791 3,171 5,103
Average rail commuters Rail commuters (000)
per train
in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec
2012
32
2002 284 50,132
2003 260 52,688
2004 287 54,905
2005 283 58,235
2006 300 60,634
2007 339 63,393
2008 340 67,052
2009 301 65,962
2010 310 68,562
2011 255 68,427

Appendix A
Additions to property
Additions to property ($ millions)
Buildings &
Signals,
Track & related machinery communications Terminals &
roadway & equipment. & power fuel stations
2002 374 310 42 17
2003 333 202 47 24
2004 364 188 38 11
2005 582 189 95 27
2006 613 212 74 37
2007 618 255 44 43
2008 688 189 79 26
2009 706 257 72 24
2010 804 231 109 16
2011 971 314 108 15
Work equipment
Rolling Intermodal & roadway Other Total
stock equipment machines equipment additions
2002 208 16 34 14 1,015
2003 313 25 41 21 1,006
2004 337 30 36 39 1,043
2005 416 39 31 15 1,394
2006 352 48 44 28 1,408
2007 350 30 41 18 1,399
2008 290 29 68 22 1,391
2009 317 34 42 72 1,524
2010 427 15 49 55 1,706
2011 297 11 53 64 1,834
2012
33

Appendix A
Productivity
Revenue ton-miles per employee
Revenue Revenue Road Road
ton-miles per tonne-kilometres per miles per kilometres per
employee (000) employee (000) employee employee
2002 6,319 9,225 0.87 1.40
2003 6,764 9,874 0.89 1.43
2004 7,352 10,733 0.93 1.50
2005 7,679 11,210 0.96 1.54
2006 7,963 11,625 0.98 1.58
2007 8,045 11,745 0.96 1.54
2008 (11) 7,625 11,132 0.94 1.51
2009 7,404 10,809 0.98 1.58
2010 8,287 12,098 0.96 1.54
2011 8,496 12,402 0.90 1.46
11. 2008 Productivity statistics were restated.
2012
34

Appendix B Financial Highlights
Operating Income
Operating revenue ($millions)
Freight Passenger (12) Other Total
2002 7,266 389 487 8,142
2003 7,369 364 484 8,217
2004 7,931 386 506 8,823
2005 8,794 576 570 9,940
2006 9,430 622 561 10,613
2007 9,516 624 564 10,704
2008 9,957 661 579 11,197
2009 8,433 627 539 9,599
2010 9,551 673 544 10,768
2011 10,305 667 560 11,532
12. Federal, provincial and municipal funding of $435 million in 2009 for Intercity passenger and commuter services
is excluded.
Operating income ($millions)
Income
2002 1,428
2003 1,484
2004 1,704
2005 2,164
2006 2,402
2007 2,209
2008 2,030
2009 1,247
2010 1,598
2011 1,763
2012
35

Appendix B
Operating expenses
Operating expenses ($millions) (13) Maintenance (14)
Transportation Fuel of equipment
2002 2,037 734 1,300
2003 2,086 781 1,280
2004 2,180 862 1,290
2005 2,241 1,159 1,382
2006 2,224 1,367 1,575
2007 2,337 1,513 1,634
2008 2,376 2,032 1,564
2009 2,065 1,212 1,555
2010 2,195 1,464 1,452
2011 2,381 1,854 1,570
Maintenance-of-way General and Total operating
and structures administrative expense
2012
36
2002 1,374 1,269 6,714
2003 1,421 1,165 6,733
2004 1,421 1,366 7,119
2005 1,493 1,501 7,776
2006 1,408 1,637 8,211
2007 1,549 1,462 8,495
2008 1,718 1,477 9,167
2009 1,612 1,908 8,352
2010 1,766 2,294 9,171
2011 1,910 2,054 9,769
13. Charges for restructuring, relocation and write-down of assets are excluded.
14. CN restated 2006 Maintenance of equipment and Maintenance-of-way and structures expenses.
The net impact on 2006 Total operating expense was nil.

Appendix B
Taxes by category ($millions)
Locomotive Other Capital tax
fuel & Property sales & customs Income Payroll
Total excise tax tax tax duties tax taxes
2002 654 168 143 118 42 27 156
2003 742 173 139 101 64 110 155
2004 698 174 141 90 25 118 150
2005 716 180 155 98 31 101 151
2006 1,084 188 155 102 21 471 147
2007 989 188 154 97 15 381 154
2008 930 187 152 99 14 323 155
2009 853 177 152 97 14 265 148
2010 787 195 150 96 14 185 147
2011 958 204 153 70 0 372 158
Payroll taxes ($millions)
Canada/Quebec Unemployment Health
Pension Plan Insurance Taxes Total
2002 68 45 43 156
2003 73 42 40 155
2004 71 37 42 150
2005 72 36 43 151
2006 72 32 43 147
2007 75 33 46 154
2008 77 33 45 155
2009 74 30 44 148
2010 73 31 43 147
2011 77 34 47 158
2012
37

Appendix B
Taxes by jurisdiction ($ 000)
Locomotive fuel Fuel tax per litre
& excise tax (cents) Property tax
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011
Alberta 4,535 4,482 1.5 12,616 13,071
British Columbia 38,949 44,265 10.7 39,520 38,437
Manitoba 9,765 9,877 6.3 13,505 13,773
Nfld. & Labrador 0 0 16.5 53 55
New Brunswick 1,559 1,283 4.3 1,660 1,737
Nova Scotia 17 17 15.4 2,760 2,771
Ontario 24,127 25,413 4.5 34,784 36,930
Quebec 4,852 4,807 17.2 31,012 31,141
Saskatchewan 35,158 36,875 15.0 14,040 14,917
Northwest Territories 0 0 11.4 75 73
Federal 76,436 77,296 4.0 0 0
Total 195,397 204,314 150,025 152,905
Capital tax &
Other sales tax customs duties Income tax
2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011
2012
38
Alberta 44 43 0 124 11,586 22,325
British Columbia 11,507 403 2 0 229 0
Manitoba 11,810 12,378 2,486 169 0 597
Nfld. & Labrador 0 0 0 0 0 0
New Brunswick 0 0 0 0 1,617 1,620
Nova Scotia 0 0 200 171 290 381
Ontario 17,084 1,550 7,747 -130 44,763 38,840
Quebec 12,892 13,080 2,900 81 6,412 13,814
Saskatchewan 7,672 7,598 0 -386 36 -31
Northwest Territories 0 0 0 0 0 0
Federal 35,218 35,311 270 42 119,732 294,341
Total 96,227 70,363 13,605 71 184,665 371,887

Glossary
Average length of haul: Calculated by dividing revenue ton-miles by
revenue tons.
Average cars per freight train: Calculated by dividing loaded and empty
car miles by train miles.
Container: A large, weatherproof box designed for shipping and/or
transferring freight between rail, truck or marine modes. Specialized
containers are equipped with heating and cooling capabilities for
perishable products.
Gross ton-miles (Gross tonne-kilometres): The sum of ton-miles
handled, calculated using the total weight of the trailing tonnage (both
loaded and empty cars) of the trains moved. It excludes the weight of
the locomotives pulling the trains.
Intermodal service: The movement of trailers or containers by rail and
at least one other mode of transportation. Import and export containers
generally are shipped via marine and rail. Domestic intermodal service
usually involves truck and rail.
On-time performance: The ability to meet customer requirements as to
pick-up and delivery schedules.
Reload centre: A transfer facility enabling the railway to expand market
share through truck-to-rail service.
2012
39
Revenue ton-miles (Revenue tonne-kilometres): The sum of tonmiles
handled, calculated using the total weight of the commodities in
the cars of the trains moved. It excludes the ton-miles involved in the
movement of railway materials or any other non-revenue movement.
Scheduled railroad: A railroad that handles individual car movements
according to a specific plan where possible and manages expectations to
meet agreed upon customer commitments.

Glossary
Track operated: First main track only. Excludes second and other main
track, passing tracks and crossovers, industrial tracks, spurs and yard tracks.
Trip plan: A detailed chain of train handling events describing car
handling from shipper’s door to consignee’s door. Trip plans are
expressed in hours and are tailored for each specific customer location.
Unit train: A train with a fixed, coupled consist of cars operated
continuously in shuttle service under load from origin and delivered
intact at destination and returning usually for reloading at the same
origin.
CONVERSION FACTORS
miles to kilometres 1.6093
tons (short) to metric tonnes 0.9072
gallons to litres 4.5461
revenue ton-miles to revenue tonne-kilometres 1.4599
kilometres to miles 0.6214
metric tonnes to tons (short) 1.1023
litres to gallons 0.2200
revenue tonne-kilometres to revenue ton-miles 0.6850
2012
40
LIST OF ACRONYMS
BGTM Billion gross ton-miles
CAC Criteria Air Contaminants
CDP Carbon Disclosure Project
DG Dangerous Goods
GHG Greenhouse Gas Emissions
LEM Locomotive Emissions Monitoring
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
RAC Railway Association of Canada
RTK Revenue ton-kilometres
RTM Revenue ton-miles
TSB Transportation Safety Board