Ornamental Plants - Directorate General for National Export ...

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market review 8 Technology Generation Research in floriculture is carried out by the Research Institute for Ornamental Plant (RIOP) in Jakarta which has had its mandate from the Ministry of Agriculture since 1995. RIOP has two installations at Cipanas and Segunung. Major areas of research are breeding, agronomy, pest and disease control, postharvest technology and economics. Attention has been directed to cut flowers namely orchids, rose, jasmine and tuberose. The on-going research programmes within the RIOP are as follows: - Germplasm collection, characterization, elevation and conservation. - Quality improvement on cut flower priority and ornamental plants. - Growth media and plant nutrition - Cropping system including hydroponics. - Pests and disease control of cut flower priority. - Vaselife prolongation of cut flower. - Socio-economic studies, to increase grower income and marketing. - Seed technology and planting material production Research on orchids mostly relates to quality improvement, virus resistance, comparison of growth media and plant nutrition from the tissue culture stage through transplanting and cut flower production. Ways of rapid multiplication of orchid plants with tissue culture have been studied as well. Types of orchids include Dendrobium, Phalaenopsis and Vanda. On roses work was done on variety improvement, adaptability testing, planting material production and socio-economic aspects. Prolongation of vaselife of cut flowers and colouring tuberose by testing several formulas have also been studied. A germplasm collection of cut flowers and ornamental plants is maintained at the Research Institute for Ornamental Plant. Table 1. Estimation of Cut Flower Planting Material Demand, Import and Production Year Rose Chrysant. Tuberose Gladiolus Anthurium Dahlia Others Total 1993 8,038,800 7,035,000 6,156,800 7,543,500 614,300 2,473,100 3,078,400 33,939,900 1994 8,823,300 7,718,700 6,753,500 7,180,700 673,800 2,714,300 3,376,700 37,241,000 1995 9,682,300 8,466,700 7,406,000 8,878,100 739,000 2,978,400 3,703,000 40,853,500 1996 10,622,400 9,384,700 8,119,200 8,641,100 810,100 3,267,300 4,059,600 44,804,400 1997* 11,650,800 10,178,700 8,898,200 9,475,400 887,900 3,583,400 4,449,100 49,123,500 1998* 12,775,100 11,155,100 9,748,400 10,387,000 972,700 3,928,900 4,874,200 53,841,400 1999* 14,003,700 12,220,800 10,675,700 Source: Directorate of Horticulture 1993. 11,382,500 1,065,200 4,306,300 5,337,900 58,992,100 EXPORTNEWS INDONESIA DJPEN/MJL/XXI/09/2011 Impact of research result is clear through interaction between growers and the research institute. Moreover, dissemination of technology could be further enhanced by seminars and publications. At present there is an institution called BPTP which has the mandate for technology assessment, development and extension work in almost every region. 3. Production of Planning Material At present many varieties are being grown in Indonesia both local as well as imported. It needs to be determined which ones are more suitable for local growing conditions and match consumer preferences. With the rapid development of the local market of cut flowers and ornamental plants, larger quantities of high quality planting material will be required (Table 1). Specialization on growing planting material of a certain kind of cut flowers and growth stage of ornamental plants is promising and looks prospectful. Multiplication by means of tissue culture of cut flowers and ornamental plants has been found promising because of the rapidity of producing a large number of plantlets in short time, and the uniformity of planting material which is free from diseases. Propagation of ornamental plants is done in partial greenhouses which provide shading and protection against rain and pests. Simple overhead sprinkler irrigation system provides easy water supply and control of humidity. Planting material production in Indonesia is not yet developed. There is no company breeding for cut flowers at present in Indonesia. The market segment which uses high quality planting material is small but shows a growth of about 10 percent per year. Table 2. Consumption of Cut Flowers in Jakarta (stems) Crop Seedling Requireme nt Import Seedling Productio n Orchid 66,200,000 1,100,00 0 65,100,00 0 Rose 5,600,000 - 5,600,000 Chrysanthemu m 76,400,000 100,000 76,300,00 0 Anthurium 10,800,000 400,000 10,400,00 0 Carnation 28,800,000 500,000 28,300,00 0 Lilium 32,400,000 100,000 32,300,00 0 *Projection
market review 4. Marketing In regard to the market for cut flowers in Indonesia, it must be noted that no integrated domestic market exists. The market consists of a number of confined markets, larger cities and their supply regions. A distinction should be made between Jakarta and other larger cities in Indonesia. In Jakarta giving flowers for all social occasions, such as birthdays, weddings, illness, business attention etc. has become rather common and substitutes for personal visits. As a result of this, Jakarta has become by far the largest market for flowers in Indonesia and consumes approximately 76 percent of the total consumption (Table 2). In Jakarta more than 900,000 stems of cut flowers are sold per week, accounting for an approximate value of US$ 5.1 million per year, whereas the total amount for all major cities is estimated as US$ 6.8 million per year. 5. Potential For Cut Flower Production Development Tissue culture technology for multiplication of plantlets is rapidly developing and has been accepted on a wide scale for several flowers and ornamental plants. Advantages lie in less time needed, uniformity of produced plantlets and virus free planting material. Indonesia has ideal climatological conditions for growing tropical plants. Presently an interesting domestic market has developed, where relatively high prices are fetched, based on the scarcity of the product more than the actual cost price. To be able to achieve the quality standards required in the international market and its effective marketing, cooperation with international growers is a feasible alternative to obtain results in the not too distant future for Indonesian growers. In order to enter the world market to some significant extent Indonesia needs to start selection and breeding of its own varieties. A substitute for soil mixed with rice husk as a growth media for ornamental plants is required in case of export since most countries prohibit soil and rice husk to enter their territories. 6. Constraints in Cut Flower Production Development a) Although several commercial tissue culture laboratories are in operation in Indonesia, all have limited operations to serve their own requirement or a small circle of associated farmers. By doing so, the scale of operations remains too small for a profitable undertaking and consequently investments in motherstock of planting material are not made. b) No specialized nursery for young ornamental plants is in existence. Growers are not able to follow the market trend quickly and multiplication is done in an inefficient way. c) Indonesian private growers of ornamental plants and flowers were left on their own for variety testing and developing appropriate cultivation methods. This has resulted in high cost and slow spread of adapted varieties and cultivation techniques. Support from RIOP as technology generating institution and BPTP for transfer of technology is needed in every region. d) Institutional promotion to increase popularity of flowers and ornamental plants in Indonesia is still limited. Similarly, information about flowers and plants which can be supplied from Indonesia is almost lacking in the world market. e) Most of the cut flower production centers are scattered and located too far from the distribution point or air port. f) High interest rate on credit for capital on agribusiness which is treated the same as other commercial investments. g) Limited area/land at reasonable price. 7. Conclusions Research on cut flowers and ornamental plants is very important to support and solve the problems faced by growers. The cooperation between private and public institutions needs to be strengthened and developed. The development of the domestic market is a prerequisite for the development of export which requires high standard quality and large volume as well as competitive price. The development of a well established wholesale market is needed in Jakarta to have a positive impact on the development of this sector. The short production cycle of cut flowers and ornamental plants, makes the country an ideal place for multiplication of planting material, which needs to be explored. EXPORTNEWS INDONESIA DJPEN/MJL/XXI/09/2011 9
Page 1 and 2: DJPEN/MJL/XXI/09/2011 INDONESIA Exo
Page 3 and 4: Barcelona Calle Aribau 250, lantai
Page 5 and 6: market review the GDP of Indonesia.
Page 7: market review In Lembang cut flower
Page 11 and 12: commercial attaches Australia (Canb

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