Comprehensive Ophthalmology Free Papers - aioseducation

70th AIOC Proceedings, Cochin 2012
3. With no specific metabolic disease or chronic disease
4. With regular antenatal check-ups
5. With no history of ( previous) abortion
Not on any treatment of refractive error with spectacles /ocular surgery.
The criterion for selection of pregnancy induced hypertension is based on
symptoms, signs of the disease and investigations to evaluate the significance
of physiological eye changes during the course of pregnancy.
Prior to the study, each subject was informed in detail of its objectives, the
aim of the research protocol and the methods to be used. Their consent was
obtained. They were well educated and motivated regarding the procedures
so as to extend the best co-operation in various examination protocols. Their
information was collected in a proforma. Along with antenatal examinations,
local examination of both the eyes was performed by snellen’s test, Jaeger’s chart,
is Chihara’s, slit lamp, keratometry, schiotz tonometry and ophthalmoscope.
The Distant Visual Acuity: Measured by Snellen’s chart.
Principle: Two distant points can be visible as separate only when they subtend
an angle of 1 minute at the nodal point of the eye.
Procedure: The subject is asked to read the chart with each eye separately and
the visual acuity is recorded. Normal person should read at least the 7th line
i.e. visual acuity of 6/6 (20/20 in terms of feet/ 20-20 vision).
Visual acuity for near was measured by Jaeger’s chart.
Keratometry / Ophthalmometry or Bausch & Lomb Keratometer
Principle: The anterior surface of the cornea acts as a convex mirror; so the
size of the image produced varies with its curvature. Therefore from the size
of the image formed by the anterior surface of cornea (first Purkinje image),
the radius of curvature of cornea can be calculated. The accurate measurement
of the image size is obtained by using the principle of visible doubling. The
radius of curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea is 7.7 - 7.8mm.
Both the eyes of all the patients were examined thoroughly for anterior
segment abnormalities with slit lamp bio-microscope. The intraocular
pressure was measured with schiotz tonometer (three readings of IOP were
measured and the mean was recorded). Pupillary reactions were noted with
direct and indirect light reflexes. Fundus findings were recorded with indirect
ophthalmoscopy. The media haze was noted, optic discs were examined for
their margins, size, and color and cup to disc ratio is evaluated. Retinal blood
vessels and background were examined for any pathological changes. Macula
and foveal reflexes were observed.
446